Chapter 1



Section 2

Texans Fight for the Confederacy

Organizing the Confederacy

Francis R. Lubbock …Texas first Confederate governor

← Federal operations (post offices) easily converted

← 2,700 federal troops in Texas…considered a danger…finally surrendered soldiers and property

← 1st shots fired at Fort Sumter (Charleston, South Carolina) April 12, 1861

Military Strength of Texas

1860 census…

❑ 92,145 white males between 18

and 45 in Texas

❑ 60,000 to 70,000 served as volunteers or soldiers in military units

1862…

❑ 32 companies

o Hood’s Texas Brigade

▪ John Bell Hood

o Ross’s Brigade

▪ General Lawrence “Sul” Ross

o Terry’s Texas Rangers

▪ General Benjamin “Frank” Terry

…Many served in the Army of Northern Virginia, the Army of Tennessee or the Army of Trans Mississippi

o General Albert Sidney Johnston

o Ben McCulloch

…led troops into battle until they fell

Sending More Troops to Fight

…MORE SOLDIERS WERE NEEDED…Confederate government started to draft (enlisting of persons for required service in the armed forces)

o Soldiers who volunteered did not trust those who had not…

o Those who were drafted did not want to serve at all

o Law made unpopular exceptions…

▪ Men who owned 20 or more slaves were allowed to stay home (draft threatened cotton production)

***State militia placed un the command of General Paul Hébert (angered Texans by enforcing the draft)…replaced by General John Bankhead Magruder

Military Affairs in Texas

Confederacy did not have troops to spare from fighting Union soldiers in the East to protect the frontier of West Texas…

Texans had to defend the frontier against Native Americans on their own…

Most of the fighting in Texas was on the Gulf Coast…needed to keep the ports open

Texas was the “storehouse of the Confederacy”…providing weapons, food and horses for the war effort

No major battles in Texas…but important events on the coast or near the borders…

▪ 1861 – John R. Baylor and troops claimed New Mexico for the Confederacy

▪ 1862 – General H. H. Sibley led troops into New Mexico

…defeated Union soldiers at Valverde

…lost at the Battle of Glorieta (returned New Mexico to Union Control)

President Lincoln ordered a blockade {action to stop transportation of goods or people into or out of an area} of all Southern ports…

Union troops hoped to capture Galveston Island…use it as base to guard the Gulf of Mexico

January 1, 1863…Confederate forces took over Galveston Island…remained in control until the end of the Civil War

Other Military Campaigns

▪ Sabine Pass (September 8, 1863)

…Union troops under General Nathaniel P.

Banks hoped to move troops through the

narrow channel, march north and cut off

Texas’s railroad connection to Louisiana

Confederate troops under Lt. Richard

Dowling were stationed at the narrow channel…sank two of the Union ships…no other Union ships attempted to pass through

▪ Mansfield, Louisiana

Confederate soldiers under General Richard Taylor defeated Union troops keeping Texas safe from invasion

▪ Palmito Ranch (May 12, 1865)

Blockade forced Texas to find another route to ship cotton

…Brownsville to Matamoros in Mexico

…many Texans fled

…November, 1863, Union forces took occupation of Brownsville

…Confederates under John “Rip” Ford retook the area on July 30, 1864…

Union forces fought with Confederate soldiers…war already over

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