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The Agricultural RevolutionThe massive growth in population from the 17th century meant that more food had to be produced in the countryside. Old methods were both wasteful and inefficient so new methods were required.Problems with the Three Field SystemOne third of the land _______________________________________________________________________Weeds__________________________________________________________________________________Farmers wasted time_______________________________________________________________________As the population grew the old system of farming was unable to produce enough food.Four Field SystemCharles “Turnip” _____________ introduced a new system of crop rotation, using _____ crops. Townsend recognised that the old three field system was wasteful. The four field system had many advantages.The turnips and clover added n___________ to the soil.Turnips and clover provided winter f____________ for the animals. This meant that cattle did not have to be killed each winter due to lack of feed. They would now be killed when their meat was needed.The number of animals i___________________ dramatically. Fresh meat was available all year round.The food increased as no field was left f_________ (nothing grown on it).EnclosureThe enclosure movement led to a new system of farming where each tenant’s strips of land and common land was brought together into a single farm. Fences and hedges were used to enclose the farm. It was felt that an enclosed farm would make it easier and quicker to cultivate more food for the growing population.Advantages of enclosureIt reduced the spread of w_____ and disease. This increased food supply.More food was produced. Tenants and farmers became better off.Landlords could charge higher rents.Less time was wasted moving from strip to strip, bringing your tools with you.Disadvantages of enclosureSmall farmers were unable to meet the costs of enclosure, building fences and planting hedges. They could also not afford the higher r_____. They sold their farms and moved to the towns and cities to work in f__________.Labourers who never had land lost their right to graze animals on common land. They too moved to cities.Selective BreedingRobert ___________ developed the practice of selective breeding. He selected the best animals he had and allowed them to breed. The weaker, smaller animals were not allowed to breed and were slaughtered. The result was a great improvement in the quality of animals on his farm. His sheep were fatter and produced more w_____. His cattle produced more m______ and m______. His horses were stronger and worked longer and harder in the fields.Developments in Farm MachineryThe old way of planting seeds was scattering them by hand. This led to a lot of waste. In 1701 Jethro _____ invented a s______ d_______. It was pulled by a horse and set seeds, deep in the soil, at regular intervals in a straight line. Cyrus McCormick also developed a mechanical reaper for cutting corn. It reduced the time needed for harvesting crops. ................
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