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Chapter 8: Reforming America

Focus

Abolitionist Movement

• Slave revolts in Virginia, led by Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser, fed white Southerners’ fears about slave rebellions and led to harsh laws in the South against fugitive slaves. Southerners who favored abolition were intimidated into silence.

• Northerners, led by William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator, increasingly viewed the institution of slavery as a violation of Christian principles and argued for its abolition. Southerners grew alarmed by the growing force of the Northern response to the abolitionists.

• Fugitive slave events pitted Southern slave owners against outraged Northerners who opposed returning escaped slaves to bondage.

• Frederick Douglass

Education

• Horace Mann pushed to improve nation’s public education system.

The women’s suffrage movement

• At the same time the abolitionist movement grew, another reform movement took root—the movement to give equal rights to women.

• Seneca Falls Declaration

• Roles of Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, who became involved in the women’s suffrage movement before the Civil War and continued with the movement after the war

Workplace

• National Trades’ Union developed to protect workers in America’s increasing industrial society.

• Commonwealth v. Hunt—SC acknowledges workers right to strike.

If the statement is true, write "true" on the line. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true.

__________ 1. The religious movement that swept the nation shortly after 1790 is known as the Second

Great Awakening.

__________ 2. During this movement, religious leaders such as Charles G. Finney preached about

individual responsibility and salvation at mass meetings known as conversions.

__________ 3. Ralph Waldo Emerson formulated a new philosophy, known as civil disobedience, that

emphasized the value of the simple life and the truth found in nature.

__________ 4. Walden tells about Henry David Thoreau's experiences while living in a cabin on the shore of Walden Pond.

__________ 5. Early efforts to reform education encountered opposition over the use of private donations

to fund public schools.

__________ 6. Ann Lee persuaded nine Southern states to establish public hospitals for the mentally ill.

__________ 7. Brook Farm was one of most famous efforts to establish a utopian community.

Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once.

A. gag rule

B. abolition

C. Nat Turner

D. antebellum

E. emancipation

F. David Walker

G. Frederick Douglass

H. William Lloyd Garrison

____ 8. This term means "a setting free." It's an antonym for restraint or enslavement.

____ 9. In general, this term means "a complete doing away with," which is how it came to be the name of

the movement to outlaw slavery.

____ 10. This term combines a root that means "before" with one that means "war" but is usually used

specifically to mean "before the American Civil War."

____ 11. This prevented congressional discussion of antislavery petitions between 1836 and 1844.

____ 12. As the publisher of The Liberator, this man was one of the first white Americans to demand the

immediate freeing of slaves.

____ 13. Born into slavery, this great writer and speaker escaped to the North, where he worked to achieve the freedom of slaves through nonviolent means.

____ 14. This man was captured, tried, convicted, and hanged for his part in a slave rebellion.

____ 15. This free African American took the extreme position of encouraging slaves to fight for freedom

rather than to wait for God or slave owners to end slavery.

____ 16. Although this man at first joined forces with William Lloyd Garrison, he later broke with Garrison

over the issue of violence and started his own antislavery newspaper, The North Star.

____ 17. This escaped slave remained in the South because he felt that he was called by God to organize his fellow slaves in a fight for freedom.

Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best completes the statement.

A. Elizabeth Cady Stanton

B. Lucretia Mott

C. Sarah and Angelina Grimké

D. Sojourner Truth

E. Catharine Beecher

F. Amelia Bloomer

G. temperance movement

H. Seneca Falls convention

____ 18. When ___ found herself excluded from an anti-slavery convention in London because she was a

woman, she planned with Lucretia Mott to form a society for women's rights.

____ 19. ___ was a Quaker abolitionist who worked with Elizabeth Cady Stanton to develop the agenda for the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848.

____ 20. ___ was an educator who conducted a national survey on women's health and was dismayed by

her findings.

____ 21. ___ worked tirelessly to abolish slavery despite having a father who was a slaveholder.

____ 22. ___ designed a new style of clothing for women to improve comfort and health.

____ 23. ___, a former slave, chose a new name for herself when she began traveling around the country to speak out against slavery.

____ 24. The ___, which gets its name from a word meaning "self-restraint," attempted to prohibit the

drinking of alcoholic beverages.

____ 25. The ___ marked the beginning of an organized women's rights movement.

____ 26. Participants in the ___ unanimously agreed on all major issues except the concept of women's

suffrage.

Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note: Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once.

A. strike

B. master

C. apprentice

D. journeyman

E. cottage industry

F. Lowell Mill workers

G. National Trades' Union

H. Commonwealth v. Hunt

I. Irish immigrants in the 1840s and 1850s

____ 27. This is a work stoppage.

____ 28. Famine.

____ 29. This upheld the rights of labor by declaring work stoppages legal.

____ 30. These people were mainly girls and single young women from rural areas.

____ 31. This is a worker who is beginning the process of learning a skilled craft.

____ 32. This was made up of skilled workers' organizations from several industries.

____ 33. This is a worker who would be considered the most highly skilled and experienced of artisans.

____ 34. This is an activity used by workers in the early 19th century to obtain better pay and working

conditions.

____ 35. This is a means of production in which manufacturers provide the materials for goods to be

produced in people's homes.

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