Biology 309 Name Cell Energy Review Packet (ATP ...
Biology 309
Cell Energy Review Packet
Name _________________________
(ATP, Photosynthesis and Respiration)
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants capture and change _light
_, energy into
_chemical energy transforming _water _, and _carbon dioxide _, into a high
energy food molecule called _glucose _, while releasing _
oxygen _, into the air as a
by-product. The whole process is catalyzed by many enzymes and a green pigment called
_chlorophyll _,.
Complete the equation below for photosynthesis:
PHOTOSYNTHESIS: (be sure to include the catalysts on the arrow)
CO2
6
+ 6 H2O + ENERGY ----------------------------------?
C6H12O6
+ 6 O2
The whole process of photosynthesis takes place in a plant organ that has its cells organized for
efficiency of the process. The plant organ is the _leaf
_.
From your knowledge gathered of leaf structure gathered from Lab work and the Textbook, give the
function of each of the tissues and leaf parts as they are related to the process of Photosynthesis. Also,
label these parts in the diagram on the next page.
PALISADE MESOPHYLL
SPONGY MESOPHYLL
XYLEM
main photosynthetic cells
some photosynthesis; spaced out to allow gases to diffuse
transports water
PHLOEM
transports glucose
CUTICLE
prevents water loss
EPIDERMIS (Upper and Lower) protective
STOMATA
covering
opening that allows gases to diffuse in and out of leaf
GUARD CELLS
control the opening and closing of the stoma
CHLOROPLASTS
organelle that performs photosynthesis
Biology 309
Check Labels in your notes or Leaf anatomy worksheet or uploaded PPT notes.
Photosynthesis:
1. List the factors that affect photosynthesis.
Temperature, Light, Carbon dioxide and water
2. What is a pigment?
A molecule that absorbs light energy
3. What is the main pigment responsible for photosynthesis in the leaf?
4. What is the role of accessory pigments?
chlorophyll
To absorb light that chlorophyll can¡¯t
5. List the accessory pigments in the leaf.
Xanthophylls I and II (yellow pigment)
Carotene (orange pigment)
6. Why does a green light lower the rate of photosynthesis? Explain.
Because green is REFLECTED not absorbed for energy
Phase 1: LIGHT PHASE
Thylakoid membrane
10. What two raw materials are needed to start the light phase? H20 and CO2
11. What happens to the water in the light phase? Light splits H20 into H and O
12. Which molecule is known as the Hydrogen acceptor (Hydrogen carrier)? NADP
13. What are those Hydrogens eventually used for? To make Glucose in Calvin Cycle
9. Where does the light phase occur in the cell (be specific)?
14. What are the three products of the light phase and what happens to each of them?
Oxygen ? air
ATP
? goes to Calvin Cycle
NADPH2 ?goes to Calvin Cycle
15. Which of the products of the light phase continue into the Calvin Cycle? ATP
and NADPH2
Biology 309
Phase 2: CALVIN CYCLE
16. Where does the Calvin Cycle occur in the cell?
Stroma
17. What are the three things necessary for the Calvin Cycle to occur?
CO2 ¨C comes in from atmosphere
ATP - from light phase
NADPH2 - from light phase
18. What is the main final product of the Calvin Cycle? Glucose
OVERALL PHOTOSYNTHESIS
19. What are the raw materials (reactants) needed for photosynthesis?
H20, CO2 and Light
20. What are the products of photosynthesis?
C6H12O6 and O2
Respiration and ATP:
RESPIRATION is the process in which cells must break down the food molecule,
_glucose
_,
by adding oxygen to release the potential energy in its bonds and use it to convert ADP + P into
ATP
carbon dioxide (which is a waste gas) as
byproducts. Most respiration is
aerobic
because it requires oxygen and takes place
in the cell organelle known as the mitochondria . Respiration is necessary because cell
activities require energy from the high energy bonds between phosphate molecules in ATP.
. This process leaves water and
Below write the balanced overall equation summary for Respiration:
C6H12O6
+ 6O2
------------------------------?6
CO2
+ 6 H2O + E(
38 ATP
glucose molecule has enough energy to provide for the formation
38 ATP In order for this to happen, oxygen gas molecules must be present.
During Respiration, one
of how many ATP¡¯s?
However, if you can¡¯t get enough oxygen to your tissues, such as during strenuous exercise, then
lactic
)
acid fermentation will start and the products will cause pain and fatigue and
only
2
(#) ATP¡¯s will be formed from each glucose molecule. Fermentation is
anaerobic
since it takes place without oxygen present.
Biology 309
Answer the following questions:
1. What are the three molecules that make up ATP?
Adenine, Ribose, Phosphate
2. Where exactly is the energy stored in ATP? Explain.
In the high energy bonds between phosphates
3. What is the difference between ATP and ADP?
ATP has three Phosphate while ADP has two.
4. Complete the following chart.
ATP
ADP
Number of phosphate molecules
3
2
Number of ribose molecules
1
1
Number of adenine molecules
1
1
Number of high energy phosphate bonds
2
1
5. The ultimate source of energy for all living things is the
sun
, but in order for it to be usable
by cells, it must be in the form of ATP.
6. Why must cells convert glucose energy into ATP molecules (what is the purpose of ATP)?
Glucose stores too much energy; it must be broken down into
smaller, usable amounts energy (ATP).
7. Where are most of a cell¡¯s ATP molecules made (organelle)?
Mitochondria
8. Which molecule has more stored energy, ATP or ADP, and why?
ATP b/c it has two high energy phosphate bonds.
9. Breaking a phosphate group off an ATP molecule
releases
energy and results in the
(releases or stores)
formation of an ADP molecule.
10. Adding a phosphate group onto an ADP molecule stores
energy and results in the
(releases or stores)
formation of an ATP molecule.
11.Explain why some organisms have chloroplast and mitochondria in their cells, while other organisms
only have mitochondria.
Plants have both because the make glucose (chloroplast), and
break glucose down into usable energy, ATP (mitochondria).
12. According to fossil data, plants existed on earth before animals. Support this idea using your
Plants are autotrophs that make their own food
so they don¡¯t have to depend on other organisms for their food.
knowledge of energy in cells.
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