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|Chapter 1 Summary Notes |
|Main Concepts |Explanations |
| |-Law of Constant Composition: Ex. In pure H2O, H and O combine in a 1:8 mass ratio. Does law of |
|Elements: substances that cannot be decomposed into simpler |constant composition hold good for CuSO4.5H2O? Why or why not? |
|substances |-Law of Multiple Proportions: Explain the following in terms of multiple proportions: |
|Compounds: substances composed of two or more elements |[pic] |
|Law of Constant Composition or law of definite proportions: the| |
|relative masses of elements are fixed in a given chemical |-Separation Techniques: |
|substance. |Hand Separation- for mixtures that can be visually differentiated based on mass, color, shape etc. |
|Law of Multiple Proportions: Applies ONLY when two elements |Filtration: Fitrate, precipitate, heterogeneous mixtures |
|combine to form two or more compounds. The masses of one |[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] |
|element which combine with a fixed mass of the second element | |
|are in a ratio of whole numbers |Separating Funnel: For immiscible liquids, layers separate |
|Mixtures: combinations of two or more substances |with lesser density layer on top. |
|Techniques for separating mixtures: filtration, distillation, |Centrifugation: Separates particles of different masses based |
|chromatography |on centrifugal force. Heavier particles at the bottom and the |
|Properties: |lighter particles on top. |
|Physical vs. chemical: Did the sample (really) change? |Distillation- uses differences in the boiling points to separate a |
|Intensive vs. extensive: Does the measurement depend on |homogeneous mixture. |
|quantity of sample? |Chromatography-separates homogenous mixtures (mostly inks) |
| |based on the differences in solubility of the mixture in a |
| |solvent. There is a stationary and a mobile phase |
| |[pic][pic] |
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Summary of the Chapter and Important things to remember:
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