Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge Ordinary Level

Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge Ordinary Level

PAKISTAN STUDIES Paper 2 The environment of Pakistan MARK SCHEME Maximum Mark: 75

2059/02 May/June 2019

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners' meeting before marking began, which would have considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2019 series for most Cambridge IGCSETM, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some Cambridge O Level components.

? UCLES 2019

This document consists of 19 printed pages.

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2059/02

Cambridge O Level ? Mark Scheme PUBLISHED

May/June 2019

Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

? the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question ? the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question ? the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

? marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate

? marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do ? marks are not deducted for errors ? marks are not deducted for omissions ? answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these

features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.

? UCLES 2019

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Question 1(a)(i)

Cambridge O Level ? Mark Scheme PUBLISHED Answer

C D B E F A

May/June 2019

Marks 3

3 @ 1 mark

1(a)(ii) Y = Multan Z = Hyderabad

2 2 @ 1 mark

1(b)(i) ? Flat / gentle slope / gentle valley side / doab;

3

? Wide;

? Boggy / marshy / water meadows / waterlogged;

? Fertile / rich soil or minerals / alluvial terraces / alluvium / silt / gravel;

? Levees;

? Oxbow lakes / meanders / braiding.

3 @ 1 mark

1(b)(ii) ? Farming / farmer's fields / growing crops / agriculture / cultivation;

2

? (Cattle) grazing / rearing buffalo;

? Fish farms / fish breeding / aquaculture;

? Industry;

? Transport or examples, e.g. roads / railways;

? Settlement / building / housing / homes;

? Irrigation / canals / drainage ditches.

2 @ 1 mark

1(c)(i) Monsoon winds blow towards the heart of the continent in summer. They

2

blow towards the sea in winter.

3 or 4 @ 2 marks

1 or 2 @ 1 mark

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Cambridge O Level ? Mark Scheme PUBLISHED

May/June 2019

Question

Answer

Marks

1(c)(ii) ? Coming from sea / Arabian Sea / Bay of Bengal;

3

? Sun heats up in (tropical) continents (land) faster or more quickly than

the surrounding oceans (water);

? Warm air rises;

? Low pressure;

? Attracts cool, moist air from the sea;

? Rain bearing winds push further inland causing (heavy) rain / brings

(heavy) rain.

3 @ 1 mark

1(c)(iii) ? Floods (any idea from below for development);

4

? Heavy rain; causes poor visibility and accidents (dev);

? Roads become rivers; cannot travel to work or school / towns and cities

cut off (dev);

? Flights cancelled; negative impact on trade / tourism / business (dev);

? Crops destroyed; which causes food shortages / can lead to famine

(dev);

? Water level in reservoirs or dams rises; leading to more water for

irrigation / domestic / industrial use / no water shortages / HEP (dev);

? Businesses / markets are closed; leading to loss of income / produce /

jobs disrupted (dev);

? Homes washed away / flooded / buildings destroyed; loss of

possessions / people are homeless (dev);

? People are injured / killed; pressure on healthcare services / impact on

mental health / impacts on business and economy (dev);

? Stagnant water; causes diseases (dev);

? Waterlogging: impacts on the economy as Pakistan is an agriculturally

based country (dev);

? Brings rainfall to desert areas; desert blooms (dev);

? Replenishes groundwater; reduces water shortages (dev);

Etc.

Note: One mark for identification of appropriate idea and a further mark for development (in parentheses).

Note: Max. 2 marks if no development.

2 @ 2 marks

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Cambridge O Level ? Mark Scheme PUBLISHED

May/June 2019

Question

Answer

Marks

1(d) Levels marking

6

No valid response

0

Level 1

1?2

Simple point referring to any view (1)

Simple points referring to any view (2)

Level 2

3?4

Developed point referring to one view only (3)

Developed points referring to both views (4)

Level 3

5?6

Developed points referring to both views with evaluation or relevant example

(5)

Developed points referring to both views with evaluation and relevant

example (6)

Content Guide Answers are likely to refer to:

Building more flood management schemes

? So many people are affected; ? Many people killed / injured; ? Homes / farms / businesses destroyed; ? Cost of clear up and losses on economy; ? Floods hinder development as constantly having to rebuild / replace

infrastructure;

? Loss of days at school affects literacy rates / skills base; ? Loss of days at work has an impact on revenue and tax collected; ? Tax changes to cover cost of damage; Etc.

Allowing rivers to flood naturally

? Rivers provide nutrients to soil, so good for farming; ? Should not build on flood plain; ? Cost of management / flood protection is high; ? Flood management needs to be maintained and updated, incurring

ongoing costs;

? Money is better spent on developing infrastructure, e.g. services, transport and industry;

? Flood plains can be used for fish farming; ? Flood plains can be used to channel water for irrigation; Etc.

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