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September 10, 2020 History NotesTHE COLONIZATION OF AMERICA resulted in the development of 13 separate English colonies. These colonies would build the foundation for the future United States of America. THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY THE GREAT MIGRATION was a time during the 1600s when approximately 25,000 Puritan Dissenters left England to settle in the MBC (Massachusetts Bay Colony)BOSTON and other towns/cities were soon established.JOHN WINTHROP was named governor.“CITY UPON A HILL” It was the goal of Winthrop and the Puritans to make the MBC a ‘city upon a hill’ so that everyone could see that God was the Lord of the MBC and see a great example of genuine Christian living. These steps were taken to create this ‘city upon a hill’: 1. Harvard College, the first college in America, was founded to train ministers 2. Parents were required to teach their children how to read so that the kids could read the Bible 3. Communities were required to hire teachers and provide schooling for all childrenRequirements referenced in #2 and #3 were part of a law known as THE OLD SATAN DELUDER ACT(a deluder is one who deceives or fools) The MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY did much to shape the future America.The following is our American Puritan Heritage-the legacy of the Puritans:OUR PURITAN HERITAGE1. MORAL LIVING 2. INTEGRITY 3. HARD WORK 4. FRUGALITYmoral: knowing right from wrong and behaving in the ‘right’ wayintegrity: being consistenly honest even when no other person knows if you have been honest or notfrugality: prudent, thrifty, not wasteful with money, food, or other thingsPURITAN WORK ETHIC 1. Man is called by God to work 2. All work is good (there is no shame in honest work) 3. Christians serve God best when they work diligently and faithfully in their callingPuritans taught obedience to government authority (obey the law, obey and respect police)Puritans believed in praying for their government leadersPuritans believed in FREE ENTERPRISE (this is not surprising given their beliefs about hard work)Puritans believed in SELF-GOVERNMENT (democracy) and that all men should participate Page 2CONNECTICUTLooking for more ECONOMIC opportunity, Puritans from MBC migrated south to farm the fertile land along the Connecticut River.HARTFORD and other settlements were soon formed.THOMAS HOOKER became governor of this colony.THE FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT became the first written constitution in America.This Constitution described the Connecticut government and described its powers.RHODE ISLAND This colony was founded for the express purpose of providing real religious freedom.ROGER WILLIAMS is recognized as the founder of RI.Williams thought Puritans were wrong to mix religion with politics (government).Williams thought Puritans should NOT try to force Christianity on unwilling peopleWilliams thought Puritans failed to treat Indians fairly and with respect.When Williams said these things publicly in the MBC, he was banished (made to leave and not return)Roger Williams’ belief about religious freedom were genuine and set a precedent for America. WILLIAMS’ BELIEFS ABOUT RELIGIOUS FREEDOM;1. Church and government should not be mixed but remain separate (Separation of Church and State)2. Government should never assign ministers to churches3. Government should never tell churches or individuals what to believe4. Government should never use tax money to pay for any religious activityWilliams believed that Christianity was a matter of personal faith that government could NEVER control.He wanted government to pass laws requiring good behavior that provided punishment for law breakersMany colonists, especially Baptists, agreed with Williams.Thousands of people moved to RI to enjoy true religious freedom.PROVIDENCE grew to be the largest settlement.NEW HAMPSHIREJust remember the name and location of New Hampshire. NH was just as important as any other colony, but for our class there is nothing specific for you to know. NEW ENGLAND CONFEDERATIONMassachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, northern colonies the bordered each other, were often referred to as New England. (The name sticks even today.) While each colony had its own problems, all 4 of these colonies shared a common problem—the need to defend themselves from1. Hostile Indians Page 32. The Dutch who lived just to the south in what we now call New York3. Frenchmen who traded with the Indians to the North and westIt was decided that they could best defend themselves by working together.Therefore, a confederation was formed to provide for the common defense of all 4 colonies. ( confederation: a group of colonies (or states, countries) that form an alliance or partnership to solve problems common to all the members of the confederation—but not on problems specific to 1 colony)King Phillip, an Indian leader, organized an Indian army to attack the colonies. Phillip identified his anger toward the New England colonies in this manner: 1) colonists would not stop selling alcohol to the Indians, and 2) renegade whites who mistreated the Indians (renegade: one who acts in a rebellious/unlawful way Happily for New England, the confederation was able to put down the Indian rebellion.THE CONFEDERATION OF NEW ENGLAND set 2 IMPORTANT PRECEDENTS:1. This was the first voluntary union/uniting of colonies in America to work together2. Each colony was represented by 2 commissioners-a great precedent for representative government KING JAMES, king of England at the time, did NOT like the idea of his American colonies UNITING for any reason. So he appointed a governor to be over the New England colonies. His task was to bring to an end the CONFEDERATION OF NEW ENGLAND.This new governor levied high taxes on the citizens and took away some of their individual rights.This governor made life miserable for citizens living in the New England colonies, but the misery was short lived. In an event known in English history as the GLORIOUS REVOLUTION, the people rose up against King James. Out of fear King James fled the country. Never again would a king or queen totally rule England. England continued to have kings and queens, but from this point forward, their power would have to be shared with Parliament. NEW YORKNew York was originally settled by the Dutch following Henry Hudson’s explorationThe Dutch bought Manhattan Island from the Indians for about $24In doing so, the Dutch had acquired the best harbor/port on the East CoastThey called this area New AmsterdamDutch settlers came and settled the Hudson River Valley but they did not come in large numbersEngland was not happy with this Dutch settlement Page 4New Amsterdam separated the northern colonies from the southern coloniesBesides, Cabot had explored and claimed this area years before HudsonKing Charles decided to give the Duke of York the English claims to this regionThe Duke promptly assembled a small fleet of war ships and entered New Amsterdam’s harborPeter Stuyvesant, the Dutch governor, wanted to resist but the settlers were not willing to fightStuyvesant’s government had made many decisions that too many freedoms from Dutch settlers so they were NOT willing to fight for him…they decided life under English control would be better! Now under English control, the area was renamed New York after the Duke of York New York began receiving English settlers as well as settlers from other areas NEW JERSEYNew Jersey was opened for settlement shortly thereafterJersey offered religious freedom and cheap landThis was enough to attract a large number of settlersPENNSYLVANIABecause of a debt owed his deceased father by the king, William Penn asked for land instead of $Penn wanted a place where QUAKERS could live and worship free from persecutionPenn was a Quaker and knew firsthand how Quakers were being denied religious freedom Even other American colonists were suspicious of the Quakers because of their strange practices: 1) they had no formal ministers/preachers like the other colonists did and as we do today 2) They did not worship in formal churches like colonists did or we do today 3) They were PACIFISTS—they would NOT defend themselves and they refused to go to warPennsylvania became a great place for all settlers under Penn’s leadership, not just QuakersAnyone who professed a belief in the ‘almighty and eternal God’ was welcomeIndians were respected and paid for their landPHILIDELPHIA soon became the largest city in the colonies and was known as the ‘CITY OF BROTHERLY LOVE’DELAWAREDelaware became a colony after PennsylvaniaWilliam Penn had partial control over this colony and served as its governorThis was good because Penn made certain that Pennsylvania citizens had access to the AtlanticMARYLANDLORD BALTIMORE, a Catholic, was given a large tract of land south of New YorkHe envisioned it as a safe place for English Catholics who, like the Puritans and Quakers, were persecuted as religious dissentersBaltimore was good to the Indians and paid them for their landSettlers in Maryland, like the other colonies, were permitted to govern themselvesMany people came to settle in Maryland, but more protestants came than Catholics Page 5THE TOLERATION ACT was passed out of fear that Catholics would be persecuted in their own colonyThis Act provided freedom of worship for anyone who professed Christ toleration or tolerate means to allow something you may disagree with without interferenceTHE CAROLINASThe southern portion of the Carolinas settled quickly and became prosperous around CHARLES TOWN The population was very diverse: Germans, English, Irish, and settlers from New England and the West Indies came to what would become South CarolinaSettlement in the north portion was slower to develop—these settlers were basically farmers and not as prosperous as the southern portion Consequently, Carolina split into 2 colonies: NORTH CAROLINA and SOUTH CAROLINA GEORGIAGeorgia, the final colony, was established for 2 very specific reasons: 1) as a buffer or barrier between the other colonies and the Spanish in Florida 2) as a refuge or safe haven for people imprisoned for not paying their debtsGeorgia was successful in the first goal—an attack by the Spanish was stopped by GeorgiansHowever, JAMES OGLETHORPE, the founder of the colony whose idea it was to bring over debtors did not work outOglethorpe was a good man…he wanted to ban slavery in Georgia and also liquorBut this good intentions did not work out eitherNevertheless, many settlers came to Georgia seeking economic and religious freedom and landThese were the earliest Americans—these colonists from diverse placesThey were tough, hard-working, freedom loving people who worshipped God It is to them that we owe thanks for the POLITICAL, RELIGIOUS, AND ECONOMIC FREEDOM THAT WE ARE BLESSED WITH TODAY. THANKS BE TO GOD FOR HIS BLESSINGS ON THESE GREAT AMERICANS!!!! AND ON US!!! THE FOUNDATIONS (PRECEDENTS) FOR A FREE NATION BUILT BY COLONIAL AMERICANS 1 )FREEDOM OF RELIGION (worship without government intrusion-separation of church and state)2) ECONOMIC FREEDOM (Opportunity to better themselves, free enterprise, private ownership)3 )POLITICAL FREEDOM (democracy with limited powers, not authoritarian) OUR PURITAN (EARLY AMERICAN) HERITAGE BELIEF IN BIBLE TEACHINGSMORAL LIVINGIMPORTANCE OF FAMILYHARD WORK/INDUSTRYINTEGRITYFRUGALITY (Page 44, closing 2 paragraphs summarize well the legacy of these great, courageous early Americans) Page 6COMMENTS ON THE HIGHLIGHTED MATERIAL:The desire for religious, economic, and political freedoms was shared by all colonists who left the comforts and familiarity of home in Europe for the great challenges of America. Our ‘Puritan Heritage’ was also passed on by most of the colonists even though the Puritans of New England are generally given a bit more credit for making these traits an integral part of America’s character. We continue to be blessed today because of the heritage of our earliest Americans!!! They built the foundation on which the USA has become the greatest country on earth. (THE HIGHLIGHTED MATERIAL IS IMPORTANT! THESE CONCEPTS WILL BE THE MOST IMPORTANT INFORMATION COVERED ON FUTURE TESTS.) Next, we will get better acquainted with these early pioneer Americans by looking at Chapter 4. ................
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