World History
Mr. Flohr Name ___________________
World History Date ___________________
Period ___________________
Enlightenment Philosophers
|Philosopher |Beliefs |Impact |
| |1. Mankind is inherently _________ and ______ |His ideas gave strength and legitimacy to the ____________ |
| | | |
| |2. Without _____________ to control the people it would be every man for himself and life would be | |
|Thomas Hobbes |____________, ______, ________, _________, and _________ | |
|(English Philosopher) | | |
|Published: Leviathan (1651) |3. ______________ exists solely as a means of maintaining ________ | |
| | | |
| |4. One must enter into a ________________ in which they give up their ________________ to a | |
| |________________ in exchange for ________ and ___________ | |
| | | |
| |5. The best government was one that had the awesome power of ____________, an _____________________ | |
| |that could impose order and demand obedience | |
| |1. Mankind is inherently _______ |Advanced the ___________________ Theory and _____________________, |
| | |advocated for ___________________, and invented the |
| |2. People have the natural ability to learn from _______________ and improve themselves |_________________ |
| | |_______________ |
|John Locke |3. People have the ability to ________ themselves and look after the welfare of _________ | |
|(English Philosopher) | |His ideas on government form the foundation of modern _____________|
|Published: Two Treatises on Civil |4. Believed that the best form of government is one where the _________ rule |and were fundamental to the U.S. _______________________________ |
|Government (1690) | | |
| |5. All people are born free and equal with three Natural Rights: ______, _________, & _________ |His ideas about the right to rebel against _______________ inspired|
| | |the ____________ and __________ Revolutions |
| |6. The purpose of government is to protect the _________ of the people | |
| |1. Wrote satire mocking the ________, _______________, and the ______________ |The most _________ and __________ philosophe |
| | | |
| |2. Fought for __________, _________, freedom of ______, and freedom of _________ |Wrote more than ___ books of political essay’s, philosophy, |
|Voltaire | |history, fiction, & drama |
|(French Writer) |3. ________ to England for two years, _______ twice, and forced to ______ Paris for his beliefs | |
|Published: Candide (1759) | |His beliefs weakened the authority of the ___________ and inspired |
| |4. “I do not ________ with a ______ you say, but I will defend to the _______ your _______ to say it.”|the __________ Revolution, and can be seen in the U.S. |
| | |__________________ |
| |1. Political _________ was achieved through ___________ |His ideas about Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances became|
| |____________ |the basis for the U.S. ________________ |
| | | |
|Montesquieu |2. Government’s power should be ___________ and ___________ | |
|(French Writer) | | |
|Published: On The Spirit of Laws (1748) | | |
| |1. Committed to individual ___________ |Believed in a broader view of Democracy, that all men were ______ &|
| | |titles of nobility should be ________ |
|Jean-Jacques Rousseau |2. __________ corrupted people’s natural goodness | |
|(French Philosophe) | |His ideas inspired the ________ Revolution |
|Published: The Social Contract (1762) |3. Best form of government was a _________ democracy | |
| | |Influenced the public election of ____________ and the ____________|
| |4. Government through the __________ of the governed | |
| |1. ______ existed to preserve social ______, not to avenge _________ |His ideas influenced the criminal justice systems in _______ and |
| | |_____ |
|Cesare Beccaria |2. Argued against abuses of justice such as: ____________ witnesses and suspects, irregular procedures|___________, and can be seen in the U.S. _________________ |
|(Italian Philosopher) |in _________, and arbitrary and excessive _________________ | |
|Published: On Crimes and Punishments | | |
|(1764) |3. Supported a ______ and _________ trial | |
| | | |
| |4. ______________ should fit the _______ | |
| |5. Abolishment of __________ punishment | |
| | | |
| |6. Government should seek the greatest _______ for the greatest number of _________ | |
| |1. Women’s _________ was equal to men’s |Her views influenced other _________ of the period to speak their |
|Mary Wollstonecraft | |________, become _______________, and seek _________ |
|(English Writer) |2. Women needed education to feel _________ and ______ | |
|Published: A Vindication of the Rights of| |Influenced the formation of ________ |
|Women (1792) |3. Equal opportunities for women in the ________________ and in __________ |___________________ in Europe and America |
| |1. He vehemently opposed ___________ and incited people to think and join him in the struggle for |Denis Diderot was one of the most prominent French |
| |____________ and ___________ change. |________________. |
| | | |
| |2. “No man has received from _____________the right of _________________ others. __________ is a |Denis Diderot’s lifework, the __________________, was a powerful |
| |present from ___________.” |weapon against __________________ and _________________ |
|Denis Diderot | |institutions. It covered all areas from ___________ and |
|(French Scholar) |3. Everyone had the right to decide whether to believe in ______ or not. Not one soul should be |____________, to ___________, _________, ______, and __________ and|
|(1713–1784) |________________ or _______________ because of their choice. |_____________________ issues. |
| | | |
| | |The Encyclopedia became a _____________ symbol of the Enlightenment|
| | |and one of the most _______________ books of the 18th c. |
| | | |
| | |His works also inspired the _________ and the _____________ |
| | |Revolutions. |
| |1. Known as the father of modern ________________, and sometimes as the father of modern |His most famous work, "An Inquiry Into the Nature and Causes of the|
| |______________ |Wealth of Nations", ______________ |
| | |_______________, published in 1776, is a clearly written account of|
|Adam Smith |2. His metaphor of the ________________________ of the ____________________ has been of untold |political economy at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, and is |
|(Scottish Economist & Philosopher) |influence in the development of laissez faire economics and modern __________________ and |widely considered to be the ___________ and most |
|(1723-1790) |___________________ |____________________modern work of economics. |
| | | |
| | | |
| |3. Believed in three main concepts that together form the foundation of | |
| |_____________________________________ and capitalism: __________________________________, | |
| |____________________________________________ and ________________________________. | |
| | | |
| |4. Argued that human motives are often _______________ and ______________, the competition in the | |
| |___________ would tend to benefit ___________________ as a whole by keeping prices _______, while | |
| |still building in an _____________ for a wide variety of goods and services. | |
|The Long-Term Effects of the Enlightenment |
|1. Belief in ____________ |
|- Through _________ a better society was possible |
|2. A More _________ Outlook |
|- People began to adopt a more _________ view and question _________ through __________ |
|3. Importance of the ________________ |
|- People began to determine for themselves what was _________ and __________ |
|- Government existed to support individuals’ ___________ and _____________ |
|- Individuals have the ability to improve their own ________ and ___________ |
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