Oracle Database Listener Security Guide - Integrigy
WHITE PAPER
Oracle Database Listener Security Guide
APRIL 2017
ORACLE DATABASE LISTENER SECURITY GUIDE
October 2002 March 2003 ? Updated January 2004 ? Updated July 2004 ? Updated March 2005 ? Updated April 2007 ? Updated March 2016 ? Updated April 2017 ? Rewrite
Authors: Michael Miller and Stephen Kost If you have any questions, comments, or suggestions regarding this document, please send them via e-mail to info@.
Copyright ? 2017 Integrigy Corporation. All rights reserved. The Information contained in this document includes information derived from various third parties. While the Information contained in this document has been presented with due care, Integrigy Corporation does not warrant or represent that the Information is free from errors or omission. The Information is made available on the understanding that Integrigy Corporation and its employees and agents shall have no liability (including liability by reason of negligence) to the users for any loss, damage, cost or expense incurred or arising by reason of any person using or relying on the information and whether caused by reason of any error, negligent act, omission or misrepresentation in the Information or otherwise. Furthermore, while the Information is considered to be true and correct at the date of publication, changes in circumstances after the time of publication may impact on the accuracy of the Information. The Information may change without notice. Integrigy, AppSentry, and AppDefend are trademarks of Integrigy Corporation. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Table of Contents
OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................................................4 Why Protect the Listener?............................................................................................................................................... 4 Why Read This Paper? ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 Scope and Database Versions ........................................................................................................................................ 5 Terminology...................................................................................................................................................................... 5
LISTENER OVERVIEW ..........................................................................................................................................................6 Listener Details ................................................................................................................................................................ 6 Listener Exploits............................................................................................................................................................... 6
LISTENER CONFIGURATION .................................................................................................................................................8 Mandatory Recommendations ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Optional Recommendations ........................................................................................................................................ 13
APPENDIX A - THIRD PARTY TOOLS ...................................................................................................................................21 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................................................................22 ABOUT INTEGRIGY ...........................................................................................................................................................23
Integrigy Oracle Database Listener Security Guide
OVERVIEW
The Oracle Database Listener is the database server software component that manages the network traffic between the Oracle Database and the client. The Oracle Database Listener listens on a specific network port (default 1521) and forwards network connections to the Database. The Listener is comprised of two binaries ? (1) tnslsnr which is the Listener itself and (2) the Listener Control Utility (lsnrctl) which is used to administer the Listener on the server or remotely.
Through our security assessments, Integrigy has consistently identified poor Oracle Database Listener security as a significant security risk. The majority of Oracle Database Listeners are not properly secured as recommended by Oracle and security experts. Fortunately, in Oracle 11g and 12c, the default Listener configuration is much more secure than earlier versions.
The information contained in this paper is not new and is not obscure. However, it is not well known to many Oracle DBAs but is well known to security experts and hackers. This paper outlines the vulnerabilities in the Oracle Database Listener and provide recommendations for properly securing it. Providing minimal security for the Oracle Database Listener is simple and should be done for all Oracle installations ? development, test, and production.
WHY PROTECT THE LISTENER?
One of the most misunderstood security issues with the Oracle Database is the security of the Listener. The Listener provides access to the database and is configured separately from the database thus the security of the database is highly dependent on the Listener being securely configured. Generally, DBAs are not aware how attackers can easily remotely attack and/or disrupt the Listener.
WHY READ THIS PAPER?
This paper presents Integrigy's recommended minimum of what we believe you should consider for securing your Listener as well as a roadmap of optional measures to take once you have met the recommended steps. Our recommendations are based both on our research and from working with our clients.
Earlier versions of the Oracle database (before version 10g) had numerous and serious security vulnerabilities with the Listener. Today, with version 11g and 12c of the Oracle Database, Oracle has both added functionality and changed a number of default settings to make the Listener more secure by default.
However, the default installation is still not sufficient for a properly secured Listener. To secure an Oracle Database and its Listener, action is required, especially if you have upgraded from an earlier version of the database. While the Oracle documentation concerning the security of the Listener is excellent, it is not complete. Recommended best practice security configurations for Oracle Listener security must also be considered. Besides numerous books on Oracle security, there are the hardening guides such as those
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Integrigy Oracle Database Listener Security Guide
provided by the Center for Internet Security (CIS) and the US Department of Defense. Both the CIS and DoD standards both have recommendations for securing the Oracle Listener ? see the reference section of this whitepaper.
SCOPE AND DATABASE VERSIONS
This paper focuses only on the most widely deployed Listener configurations running supported versions of the Oracle Database and assumes the Listener has been configured to use TCP/IP as well as local naming (TNSNAMES.ORA) is used. No references will be made to Oracle Connection Manager, other naming methods (like LDAP), or advanced configurations like load balancing or Transparent Application Failover (TAF). The focus of this whitepaper is on Oracle Database versions 12c (12.1 and 12.2), 11g (primarily 11.1.0.7 and 11.2.0.4), and 10g (primarily (10.2.0.5). Prior versions of this whitepaper address earlier versions of the Oracle database including 8.1.7.4, 9.0.1.4, and 9.2.0.7.
TERMINOLOGY
For clarity and convenience, the Oracle Database Listener will be referred to as the "Listener" throughout this document. The Listener may also be referred to as the "Oracle Net Listener" or the "Oracle TNS Listener". Transparent Network Substrate (TNS) is the network protocol used by Oracle for connectivity to Oracle Databases.
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