CPUSH (Unit 9, #2)



Am Hist II Name ____________________________________

Date __________________ Pd _______

Impacts of the 1980’s

| |Impact on America |Choose 3 Ideas, events, inventions, people or items that you think had |

| | |an impact on American Life |

|Science & | | |

|Technology | | |

|Medicine & Health | | |

|Lifestyles & Social| | |

|Trends | | |

|Fads & Fashions | | |

|Media (TV & Music) | | |

|World Events | | |

|Sports | | |

Science & Technology in the 1980’s

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Science & Technology in the 1980’s[pic]

Medicine & Health in the 1980’s [pic]

Medicine & Health in the 1980’s

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Lifestyles and Social Trends in the 1980’s

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Lifestyles and Social Trends in the 1980’s

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FADS AND FASHIONS

Team sports for kids were really popular beginning in the seventies and going through the present.  Eighties' mothers ran carpool after work, kids had after school and week end cheerleading, baseball, football, soccer, gym, dance, jazz, you name it!

Nerd's became a hot commodity in the 1980s.  Wealthy and brainy computer wizards like Stephen Wozniak helped.  So did movies like Revenge of the Nerds, Lucas, Stand by Me, and Peggy Sue Got Married.   TV joined the nerd ranks with ABC's hit series Head of the Class.  Food of the 80s included the popular fast food places like Taco Bell and  McDonald's McDLT and McRib.  Kids loved Sweetarts, Skittles, Nerds, Runts, Hubba Bubba Chewing Gum, and Five Alive.

[pic]Collectibles were big in the 80s.   Smurf and E.T. paraphernalia, Cabbage Patch dolls, camcorders, video games (Nintendo, Pac Man, Game Boy), Rubik's Cube,  Teenage Mutant Nija Turtles, and Barbies (now Hispanic, Black, Asian) were big.  New were discount air fares, lite foods, aerobics, minivans, talkshows,  and Valley Girls (grody to the max).

While in the 1970s, the silhouette of fashion tended to be characterized by close fitting clothes on top with wider, looser clothes on the bottom, this trend completely reversed itself in the early 1980s as both men and women began to wear looser shirts and tight, close-fitting pants. The combination of Nancy Reagan's elegance and Princess Di's love of fashion, stimulated a return to opulent clothing styles. Men wore power suits as a result of the greater tendency for people to display their wealth. Madonna was a big influence on young fashion.  Anne Klein, Perry Ellis, Donna Karan, Ralph Lauren, and Calvin Klein were designers for the 80s. Film continued to influence and inspire clothing as well.  The Flashdance look had young and old in tank tops, tight-fitting pants or torn jeans, and leg-warmers.  Teens not wearing designer clothes opted for Michael Jackson's glove or Madona's fishnet stockings, leather, and chains.  Older women wore the Out of Africa look popularized by Meryl Streep.  Image won over reality and tanning salons thrived.  Sneakers were so popular (and necessary) and the price so high that the Los Angeles Police Department accused shoe companies of cashing in on the easy drug money picked up by inner city kids.  The shoe companies, like Nike, claimed the cost of high technologies needed to create the shoes was responsible for the huge jump in price.  Kids liked to do their own thing - see hairdos in pictures as evidence! There was generally an excessive amount of mousse used in styling an individual's hair which resulted in a desired shiny look and greater volume, some mousse even contained glitter. Hairsprays such as AquaNet were also used in excess such as hard rock band Poison.

[pic]Conservative teenagers, especially in the United States wore a style that came to be known as "preppy." Preppy fashions are associated with classic and conservative style of dressing and clothing brands such as Izod Lacoste, Brooks Brothers, Polo Ralph Lauren and clothing from The Gap. An example of preppy attire would be a button-down Oxford cloth shirt, cuffed khakis, and loafers. Also popular were argyle sweaters and vests. It was also considered "preppy" to wear a sweater tied loosely around the shoulders. In the 1980s, preppy fashions featured a lot of pastels and polo shirts with designer logos.

During the eighties, Americans continued to travel around their own country - using every mode of transportation.  Trips to Colorado for a mountain vacation were popular in summer as well as winter.  Traveling was often in RVs.

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MUSIC AND MEDIA

Cable was born and MTV, originally intended to be promos for albums, had an enormous impact on music and young people.  The digital compact disc (cd) revolutionized the music industry.  Dances learned on MTV included slam dancing, lambada, and break dancing.  Harlem's gay, black, and Latino males imitated the beautiful jet set with their (then underground) Vogueing, a 'pose' dance popularized by Madonna incorporating the struts and stances of high fashion models.

[pic] Pop, rock, new wave, punk, country, and especially rap or hip hop became popular in the 80s. Rap was new in the late 80s and 90s. Rap had started in prison 20 years earlier by jailed black inmates who, in the absense of instruments, turned poetic meter into musical rhythm.  The early rap heard on ghetto streets was abrasive and laced with hostility toward society.  Early important groups are Milli Vanilli, M. C. Hammer, Vanilla Ice, and L.L. Cool J.  

[pic]In 1981, VCR sales rose 72% in 12 months. By 1989, 60 percent of American households with televisions received cable service.  Huge or memorable movies of the decade included On Golden Pond, Tootsie, Arthur,  Stephen Spielberg Movies like E.T. The Extra-Terrestrial, The Big Chill,  Flashdance, Beverly Hills Cop, Out of Africa, Back to the Future, Cocoon, The Breakfast Club, Platoon, Star Trek, Good Morning Vietnam, Fatal Attraction, Rain Man, and Driving Miss Daisy.

[pic]TV innovations and trends included anti-family sitcoms like Roseanne and Married...with Children; tabloid tv with Geraldo, Phil, Sally, and Oprah; stand-up comics included Gary Shandling, Jane Curtin, George Carlin, Jackie Mason, Bill Cosby, Jerry Seinfeld, and Tracy Ullman;  info-tainment included Nightline with Ted Koppel, CNN Cable News, and 20/20 with Hugh Downs and Barbara Walters. 60 Minutes which had first aired in 1968 was bigger than ever.  It was a media decade with superstars.  The decade of the sitcom, here is a list of the top ten TV shows of 1989- Cosby Show, Cheers, Roseanne, A Different World, America’s Funniest Home Videos, Golden Girls, The Wonder Years, Empty Nest, 60 Minutes, and Unsolved Mysteries.

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[pic][pic] 1987 Jackie Joyner Kersee becomes the first female athlete to be featured on Sports Illustrated

[pic] 1987 Doug Williams becomes the 1st African American to start at QB in the Super Bowl.

1980 On February 12, the XXIII Winter Olympic Games open in Lake Placid, New York. Bobsledders Willie Davenport and Jeff Gadley become the first African American athletes to represent the United States in the Winter Olympics

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1986 Mike Tyson becomes the youngest Heavyweight Champion[pic]

• [pic]1988 Ben Johnson breaks 100 metres record but tests positive for banned substances

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1980 US Olympic hockey team

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1985 Pete Rose breaks Ty Cobb’s major league record for career hits

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1980 The United States Olympic Committee, responding to the request of President Jimmy Carter on March 21, votes to withdraw its athletes from participation in the Moscow Summer Olympic Games, due to the continued involvement of the Soviet Union in Afghanistan.

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1984

The Soviet Union announces that it, along with 14 other Eastern Bloc countries, will boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.

1. January 20, 1981 - Iranian Hostage Crisis ends.

2. August 20, 1982 – 800 Marines sent to Lebanon as peace keepers.

3. October 25, 1983 – U.S. invades the Caribbean island of Grenada to stop a coup by Marxist guerillas.

4. February 29, 1984 – Marines withdraw from Beirut Lebanon.

5. September 9, 1985 – The U.S. imposes sanctions on South Africa in protest of that country’s apartheid policies.

6. January 28, 1986 – The space shuttle Challenger explodes on liftoff, killing all seven of the crew members.

7. May 17, 1987 – An Iraqi warplane mistakenly shoots two missiles at the U.S.S. Stark, killing 37 sailors.

8. December 8, 1987 – The U.S. and Soviet Union sign an historic treaty, reducing the number of nuclear missiles each side has in stockpile.

9. July 3, 1988 – A U.S. Navy ship accidently shoots down an Iranian passenger jet, mistaking it for a warplane, killing all aboard.

10. December 21, 1988 – A Pan Am 747 explodes from a terrorist bomb over Lockerbie, Scotland, killing all aboard.

11. November 11, 1989 – The Berlin Wall falls, symbolizing the end of the Cold War.

12. August 2, 1990 – Iraqi troops invade neighboring Kuwait, setting the stage for the Persian Gulf War.

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The 80's signaled the start of the computer age, following on from the creation of Microsoft and Apple towards the end of the 70's , the technology and the speed of innovation both in Hardware and Software together with the cheapness provided a speed of growth and take up . The birth of the IBM PC signaled the start of Personal Computers first in the Offices and then into peoples homes becoming an integral part of our lives. following on from Microsofts MSDOS on PC's to the first versions of Windows a GUI Graphical User Interface[pic]

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This was also the Decade that the Post-It was introduced which came from a glue invented in 1968 accidentally while trying to discover a stronger glue at 3M by Spencer Silver

The eruption of Mt. St. Helens in 1980 was the worst volcanic disaster in U.S. history; however, it offered scientists an exceptional opportunity to examine and study a large volcanic eruption, which has enriched scientific knowledge of volcanoes



The first mobile phones, referred to as First Generation or 1G, were introduced to the public market in 1983 by the Motorola Company. These first mobile phones used analog technology which was much less reliable than the digital technology we use today. The analog phones also had a great deal more static and noise interference than we are accustomed to today. The first mobile phones during this era were confined to car phones and they were permanently installed in the floorboard of automobiles. After a few years, they became mobile and consumers could take the phones with them outside of the car. However, they were the size of a large briefcase and very inconvenient. The main purpose of this First Generation technology was for voice traffic, but consumers felt insecure about people listening in on their conversations. These new mobile phones were also rather expensive, many of them costing hundreds of dollars. They were more of a status symbol during the decade rather than a means of convenience.



The Motorola Bag Phone

On April 12, 1981, John Young and Robert Crippen launched the space shuttle program by piloting Columbia to space and returning successfully two days later.

Two years later space shuttle astronaut Sally Ride became the first U.S. woman in space as part of the Challenger crew.

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$$ SUPERFUND$$

Superfund is the name given to the environmental program established to address abandoned hazardous waste sites. It is also the name of the fund established by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (CERCLA statute, CERCLA overview). This law was enacted in the wake of the discovery of toxic waste dumps such as Love Canal and Times Beach in the 1970s. It allows the EPA to clean up such sites and to compel responsible parties to perform cleanups or reimburse the government for EPA-lead cleanups.

Superfund Cleanup Sites

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EXXON VALDEZ

On March 24, 1989, the tanker Exxon Valdez, en route from Valdez, Alaska to Los Angeles, California, ran aground on Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska. The vessel was traveling outside normal shipping lanes in an attempt to avoid ice. Within six hours of the grounding, the Exxon Valdez spilled approximately 10.9 million gallons of its 53 million gallon cargo of Prudhoe Bay crude oil. Eight of the eleven tanks on board were damaged. The oil would eventually impact over 1,100 miles of non-continuous coastline in Alaska, making the Exxon Valdez the largest oil spill to date in U.S. waters.

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1985 – The EPA bans virtually all leaded gasolines in the United States.

1984 – A one-megabite RAM chip, capable of storing four times as much information as any previous computer chip, is introduced by Bell Labs

1987 – The Supreme Court invalidates the teaching of Creationism in public schools when the intention is to promote religious belief.

1987 – Scientists inform Congress that the Ozone layer has undergone depletion in past decade

The “Bionic Man”

On 2 December 1982 Barney B. Clark, a sixty-one-year-old retired dentist, received the first permanent artificial heart, the Jarvik-7, in surgery in Salt Lake City, Utah. Clark died 112 days after surgery, on 23 March 1983.

*This program was not succful and was eventually cancelled by the FFDA

“Baby Fae” and the Baboon Heart

On Nov. 15, 1984 at Loma Linda University Medical Center in southern California, a tiny baby girl died twenty days after she had heart surgery. The hopes of many died with her. For “Baby Fae”, as she had come to be known, died with the heart of a baboon pumping blood through her body. The baboon heart experiment offered jhope that animal organs could be used in ailing infants for whom transplant organs were difficult to obtain. Baby Fae was born with a fatal congenital deformity… A successful transplant from a baboon promised a new life for Baby Fae and a revolution in pediatric heart surgery.

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Health services and supplies increase 144% from 1980 to 1989

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Product Tampering

Americans were shaken from their complacent faith in their health-care products by several cases of product tampering and product failure. In 1982 an unidentified person murdered seven victims in Chicago by refilling Tylenol gelcaps with cyanide. After several other "copycat" episodes of product tampering, the industry was forced to revamp both gelatin capsules and product containers, creating elaborate protective devices…

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The Heimlich Maneuver

1982 – Studies show that four Heimlich maneuvers administered in under 10 seconds will successfully clear water from the lungs of a drowning victim.

1986 – The American Heart Association endorses the Heimlich maneuver to save drowning victims, including it in their manual, American Heart Association Standards and Guidelines, which is followed by the American Red Cross and other medical organizations.

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SICK-BUILDING SYNDROME

When the carpenter, electrician, and plumber finally packed up their tools and left Joan in her new kitchen, she breathed a sigh of relief. After two months of making do…, she was ready to do some real cooking. But this was not to be. As soon as she set foot in the new kitchen, she began to sneeze. An allergy sufferer, Joan recognized the sneezing and watering eyes, but the headaches, dizziness, and sore throat were something new. She was reacting to formaldehyde, a chemical preservative used in many building materials… After six weeks of open windows… the chemical had "gassed off" and the family could use their new kitchen… Formaldehyde may have the potential to "sensitize" persons. It might be one of a handful of chemicals that can be a forerunner to "chemical sensitivities" and even cancer. In the early 1980s a new and controversial branch of medicine began to center on the links between health and environmental factors. Pollution-related health hazards were problems for decades, but the 1980s saw a growing concern about air pollution inside the home…

AIDS:

A New Disease

About the beginning of the decade, physicians discovered the existence of a "new" illness. This disease burst on the world scene in a terrible way as a new "plague" striking mankind. For a while there was general alarm when Americans discovered that the disease was linked to sex, blood, and drugs. It came to be known as AIDS, an acronym that stood for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. AIDS is caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which attacks certain cells in the immune system, leaving it unable to fight off "opportunistic" infectious diseases and certain unusual cancers. The virus also can invade brain cells, leading to psychological disturbances. The disease is always fatal.

In the early 1980’s, geneticists made progress in using genetic engineering techniques to add genes to higher organisms. Researchers inserted a human growth-hormone gene in to mice, and the mice grew to twice their normal size.

In 1987, scientists introduced a gene from a bacterial cell into tomato plants, making the plants resistant to caterpillars.

1988 - the first US patent on a genetically engineered higher animal was issued. The animal, a type of mouse, was developed for use in cancer research

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In 1980 the average income per year was $19,170.00 and by 1989 was $27,210.00

The 80's also signaled the age of the video game in arcades, Games Machines and PC's the most popular games being Space Invaders and Pac Man

If you have $100 Converted from 1980 to 2005 it would be equivalent to $243.45 today

Yuppies

Yuppie was a 1980s acronym for 'Young Upwardly Mobile Professional Person'. The word was coined by the advertising industry to capture the essence of a particular type of work hard, play hard, ambitious minded city career person of either sex. The hectic lifestyle of a yuppie meant that after long hours of work, rare free time was spent in a self indulgent way frittering away the cash earned on anything, from expensive make up and perfume, to a bottle of fine champagne. Conspicuous wastage was part of the attitude.

Families changed drastically during these years.  The 80s continued the trends of the 60s and 70s - more divorces, more unmarrieds living together, more single parent families.  The two-earner family was even more common than in previous decades, more women earned college and advanced degrees, married, and had fewer children.

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Columbia University, the last all male Ivy League school, began accepting women in 1983

Rubik's Cube

Invented in the 1970s by a Hungarian professor of design, Erno Rubik, the toy that was sold in the United States as the Rubik's Cube became a popular phenomenon in the early 1980s. The Rubik's Cube was the most challenging and for many people, infuriating puzzle ever to achieve mass-market success.

The Cocaine Crisis

During the 1980s few subjects were in the news as consistently as the widespread and increasing use of cocaine in the United States. During the early 1980s, many considered cocaine a harmless, even glamorous, "recreational" drug; it was the drug of choice of the famous and successful professional athletes, celebrities in the arts and entertainment, lawyers, university professors, and Wall Street brokers who were among the few who could afford the high black-market price of cocaine. In 1982 the National Survey on Drug Abuse found that 22 million Americans had used cocaine at one time or another.

The Decline of Leisure?

In The Overworked American: The Unexpected Decline of Leisure (1991) Juliet B. Schor disagrees with researchers who claim that Americans had more leisure time in the 1980s than they had in earlier decades. According to Schor, Americans enjoyed less leisure in the 1980s than at any other period since the end of World War II. She says that a gradual but definite increase in working hours has hit most sections of the workforce, from professionals to low-paid service workers, creating "a profound structural crisis of time." According to Schor, "the media provide mounting evidence of 'time poverty,' overwork, and a squeeze on time. . . . Stress-related diseases have exploded, especially among women. Workers' compensation claims related to stress tripled during just the first half of the 1980s.

The Homeless Crisis

After the New Deal of the 1930s and the Great Society programs of the 1960s, many Americans believed that homelessness was no longer a serious problem in the United States; but in the 1980s the number of homeless Americans grew dramatically, and their plight came to be recognized as one of the leading social problems of the decade. Starting in the early 1980s homeless people often called "street people" became an increasingly frequent sight in New York; Los Angeles; Chicago; Washington, D.C.; Saint Louis; and most other major cities, as well as many smaller cities. Men and women of all ages, individuals and families from varied backgrounds and circumstances shabbily dressed and inadequately nourished began roaming city streets, sleeping on benches in summer and on heating grates or in crowded public shelters in winter.

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The Antinuclear Movement

In the early 1980s the specter of a nuclear war with the Soviet Union began to haunt the public consciousness more forcefully than at any time since the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962. Warning of "the Soviet military threat," and calling the Soviet Union "the focus of evil in the world," President Ronald Reagan presided over a $1.5 trillion military buildup that pointedly included new generations of nuclear weapons. At the same time, the Soviet Union continued to add aggressively to its own nuclear arsenal. In the United States defense officials spoke of fighting a "protracted" nuclear war, while military strategists suggested nuclear war was "winnable." Periodically during these years, The Bulletin of Atomic Scientists moved the hands of its "Doomsday Clock," which represents the statistical probability of nuclear war, closer and closer to midnight.

1980s World Events

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