Packet 7



Prison Bowl II

By Hunter College High School and Walter Johnson, edited by Guy Tabachnick and Daichi Ueda

Round 10

TOSSUPS

1. This man argued that lawyers, instead of serving as an independent entity, too often support large corporations in “The Opportunity in the Law.” His dissent in Olmstead v. U.S. echoed the work he co-wrote with Samuel Warren, “The Right to Privacy.” He also attacked trusts and monopolies in Other People’s Money, and How the Bankers Use It. Successor to Joseph Lamar, he used empirical data about the impact of working hours on the health of women in his namesake brief for Muller v. Oregon, and he is often regarded as “People’s Justice.” Woodrow Wilson appointed, for 10 points, what first Jewish Supreme Court Justice?

ANSWER: Louis Brandeis [DU]

2. In this novel, a main character cites Paradise Lost, Plutarch’s Lives, and Sorrows of Werther as the works that influenced him greatly. That character tries to befriend a blind man to become acquainted with Safie and Felix, but fails because of his ugliness. After Caroline Beaufort dies, the title character goes to Ingolstadt to study alchemy, and he becomes saved by the narrator, Robert Walton, when he goes to the Arctic Circle. The maid Justine Moritz, his wife Elizabeth and his best friend Henry Clerval are murdered because he refuses to create a female companion. For 10 points, name this gothic tale about a “Modern Prometheus”, written by Mary Shelley.

ANSWER: Frankenstein, or The Modern Prometheus [DU]

3. At zero Kelvin the chemical potential of a system is equal to this man’s namesake level. His namesake paradox describes the contradiction between the extreme age and size of the universe, and the lack of contact with extraterrestrial civilizations. Along with Dirac, he names a set of statistics used to describe particles that obey the Pauli exclusion principle; those particles, with half-integer spin, are also named for him. He also conducted an experiment at a squash court at the University of Chicago leading to the discovery of fission. For 10 points, name this man who won the 1938 Nobel Prize, an Italian-American physicist.

Answer: Enrico Fermi [SJ/LC]

4. This scholar noted that philosophy serves as an antidote against false religion and superstition in a work often paired with “On the Immortality of the Soul,” “On Suicide.” In the third book of a work that “fell dead-born from the press,” he argued that morality can not be explained by reason, and the copy principle is introduced in “Of the Understanding.” He noted the circularity of inductive reasoning, and argued that constant conjunction of events does not mean causality. His namesake law relates to the is-ought problem, and Relations of Ideas and Matters of Fact form his namesake fork. For 10 points, name this Scottish skeptic philosopher of An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding.

ANSWER: David Hume [DU]

5. Working for the Muscovy Company to find a Russian Arctic route to China, this man’s observations led to the foundation of the Spitzbergen whale fishery in Svalbard. He brought his son John with him during his last expedition for the Virginia Company and the British East India Company, but a mutiny led them both to be set adrift on a boat while the rest of the crew sailed away in the Discovery. His most famous voyage, however, was not for England and his namesake feature was actually discovered eight decades earlier by Giovanni da Verrazzano. For 10 points, name this explorer who aboard the Half Moon, discovered New York harbor for the Netherlands.

ANSWER: Henry Hudson [TC]

6. Orthodox Jews believe that this figure was one of the Pharaoh’s advisers in Exodus, where he remained silent despite opposing the Pharaoh’s intentions to kill new-born Hebrew males. He deems his wife’s only line in the bible nonsense, and Eliphaz, Bildad, and Zophar sit by him for seven days and seven nights until he curses the night on which he was conceived, at which point they begin talking about how he must have sinned to have been punished by God, but Elihu enters and argues for God’s absolute rightness. For 10 points, name this man, whom Satan causes to lose his fortune and children while getting boils in a test of piety by God, the namesake of a book in the Bible.

ANSWER: Job or Iyyov or Ayyub [KK]

7. Buildings of this civilization often featured relief sculptures of lamassu, the winged-bull protector deity. Its predecessor was established by Shamshi-Adad, and Austen Henry Layard excavated its capital. Before it was conquered by the alliance of the Medes under Cyaxares and the Neo-Babylonians under Nabopolassar, it reached its greatest territorial extent under Tiglath-Pileser III. Another famous ruler was Sennacherib, son of Sargon II. Known for its violent expansionism, it conducted massive deportation of the Jewish people. For 10 points, name this Mesopotamian civilization known for Ashurbanipal’s library in its capital, Nineveh.

ANSWER: Assyria [DU]

8. In this work, a character who destroyed a valuable lamp and gets stabbed in the chest 100 times every seven days as punishment. That character, a fierce sand-demon, uses a double headed staff with a crescent moon and a spade on each end, and gets defeated by the wielder of a nine-tooth iron rake. The protagonist beat up the Army of Heaven with cloud travel, 72 transformations, and a 7.5 metric ton golden rod that changes size at will. For 10 points, name this work featuring Xuán Zàng’s trip with three disciples, including the pig Zhū Bājiè and protagonist Sūn Wùkōng, to retrieve some Buddhist scriptures, a Chinese epic by Wú Chéng’ēn, sometimes known as Monkey in English.

ANSWER: Journey to the West or Xīyóujì (Prompt on Monkey) [DU/KK]

9. Jan Swammerdam tried to disprove this theory in order to prove the existence of God. In response to John Needham’s attempt to prove this, Lazzaro Spallanzani performed an experiment involving a sealed container partially evacuated of air, in which he boiled soup. Despite its obvious flaws demonstrated by Francesco Redi, this theory persisted well into the 19th century because Darwinism suggested that life evolved from chemical substances. Finally disproved using a flask with a bent neck by Louis Pasteur, for 10 points, name this theory, also known as abiogenesis, supported by the observation that rotten meat seems to “give life” to maggots.

ANSWER: spontaneous generation [accept abiogensis until mentioned] [DU]

10. Frank Zappa’s “Absolutely Free” is the first his “Underground” compositions of this type, and Eric Idle worked with John Du Prez to make comedic one based on Monty Python’s Life of Brian. Another modern example was Paul McCartney’s foray into classical music with his Liverpool one of these. Vivaldi’s only surviving one is Juditha triuimphans, and other examples include Haydn’s The Creations and The Seasons and Mendelssohn’s St. Paul and Elijah. They are like operas but performed as concert pieces with little interaction between characters. For 10 points, name this type of composition which includes Bach’s Christmas one and Händel’s Judas Maccabaeus and Messiah.

ANSWER: oratorio [KK]

11. His shield was made by King Evelake and painted with a cross of blood. He cured the Maimed King by anointing him with blood from the Dolorous Spear. Along with Bor and Percivale, he was thrown in prison by King Estorause upon arriving at Sarras. The last descendant of St. Joseph of Arimathea, his mother Princess Elaine became pregnant by tricking his father into thinking she was Guinevere. He asked God to release him from life after he was the only one able to sit on the Siege Perilous because he alone achieved the quest of finding an object from the Last Supper. For 10 points, name this son of Sir Lancelot, the knight of the Round Table who found the Holy Grail.

ANSWER: Sir Galahad [MT]

12. Raschig rings in packed beds are sometimes used in this procedure, as are Vigreux columns. The Perkin triangle is used in air-sensitive applications, and the pressure-swing type uses extreme positive and negative pressures. Another type can be performed in a bubble-capped column. Governed by Raoult’s law, special techniques must be employed for mixtures of water and ethanol or other positive azeotropes because they are move volatile than each of their components individually. One type used to separate hydrocarbons in crude oil is called “fractional”. For 10 points, name this method of separate mixtures by boiling them.

ANSWER: distillation (accept “fractional distillation” until “Perkin triangle” is read) [LC]

13. One work in this medium depicts a dying girl, Fading Away by Henry Peach Robinson, while another famous work shows the sun setting between trees over the title entity, Pond–Moonlight. In addition to Edward Steichen and Eadweard Muybridge, one group of artists working with this included members like Imogen Cunningham, Willard van Dyke, and a man famous for pictures of the Manzanar internment camp and Yellowstone Park. Also used to make Robert Mapplethorpe’s portraits and Jacob Riis’s How the Other Half Lives, for 10 points, name this medium used by Alfred Steiglitz, Dorothea Lange, and Ansel Adams, traditionally created in a darkroom from negatives.

ANSWER: photography (accept black-and-white photography until “sun setting”) [GT]

14. This organization’s foundation was laid with the Panchsheel, or the Five Principles of Peaceful Co-Existence between China and India, which was expanded at the 1955 Bandung Conference. It was formally established six years later in Belgrade under the support of Tito, and held the first conference the same year in Cairo, forbidding “multilateral military alliance concluded in the context of Great Power conflicts.” Past secretaries-general have included Gamal Nasser, Robert Mugabe, Nelson Mandela, while the current one is Raúl Castro. For 10 points, name this organization of Third World nations seeking independence from the bipolar Cold War world.

ANSWER: Non-Aligned Movement [TC]

15. The original version of this poem had the line “Leave you not the little spot” in the first stanza and had “silent” instead of “mournful” in the last stanza. Its second stanza mentions a “bugle trill[ing]” and “bouquets and ribbon’d wreaths” for the title character. The narrator describes the setting as “some dream” as that object “comes in with object won” as “on the deck [the title character] lies, / Fallen cold and dead.” The narrator exclaims, “O heart! heart! heart!” as his “fearful trip is done”. Originally published with “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’d”, for 10 points, name this poem describing the late Abraham Lincoln at the head of a ship, by Walt Whitman.

ANSWER: “O Captain! My Captain!” [GT]

16. The Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube uses centrifugal force to produce the same effect as this system. Szilárd and Brillouin challenged this concept, arguing that the act of processing information requires energy. In its original formulation, it consisted of two joined containers full of gas particles, which would be allowed to pass from one container to another based on their speed, resulting in a large temperature difference between the two containers. Proposed to challenge the Second Law of Thermodynamics, for 10 points, name this thought experiment named after a Scottish physicist also known for his work in electromagnetism.

ANSWER: Maxwell’s demon [LC]

17. On the left side of this work there are white birds and a unicorn drinking from a small lake, and in the middle birds rest on a pink fountain. On the far right, a bird headed creature can be seen eating a human leg and defecating another person into a pot as fires rage on in the background. The central panel of this work also includes many nude people around a communal pool, as well as many strange animals and large fruits. Depicting Adam and Eve’s marriage on the left and eternal damnation on the right, for 10 points name this 1504 triptych by Hieronymous Bosch.

ANSWER: The Garden of Earthly Delights [YC]

18. This scholar supported the Lamarckian view about the inheritance of acquired traits in his early paper, “The Developmental Hypothesis.” Like William James, he wrote Principles of Psychology, although he collected it with works like Principles of Biology in his Synthetic Philosophy. The concept he is most associated with involved the movement both from simple to complex and from military to industrial, and his idea that society and organism are analogous appeared in Social Statics. For 10 points, what man who applied evolution to everything and coined the phrase “survival of the fittest” is the father of Social Darwinism?

ANSWER: Herbert Spencer [DU]

19. Title characters of one of his dramas include Dora Doulebov and Ivan Kaliayev. He never finished an autobiographical novel about Jacques Cormery, while his collection Resistance, Rebellion, and Death contains his Reflections on the Guillotine. Besides The Just Assassins and The First Man, one of his works features a bar called Mexico City frequented by Clamence, while another sees Joseph Grand, Jean Tarrou, and Dr. Rieux dealing with the bubonic plague. His most famous work tells of the shooting of an Arab by Meursault. For 10 points, name this absurdist author of The Stranger.

ANSWER: Albert Camus [SJ]

20. Pennsylvania v. Gordon used the example of “a moron” to dispute the prevailing test for this concept posited by Judge Cockburn in the British case Hicklin v. Regina. In one case involving this, Thomas Clark lamented in his dissent that the “community standards” test had been ignored by the majority in Memoirs v. Massachusetts, and in Jacobellis v. Ohio, Potter Stewart said, “I know it when I see it.” Also discussed in Roth v. U.S. and Miller v. California, for 10 points, name this type of speech not protected under the First Amendment, which lacks serious value, appeals to a prurient interest, and depicts sexual conduct.

ANSWER: obscenity (prompt on things like “pornography”) [GT]

TB. One side used white linen tied around the left arm and a white mark on the hat for identification in the dark during this event, while the Capuchins had helped build up tensions for it. Moderate elements reacting to this gave rise to the Politiques, and it destroyed the Peace of Saint-Germain. A failed assassination attempt probably orchestrated by the Duke of Guise against Admiral de Coligny sparked this, and immediately prior, preparations were made for the marriage of Marguerite de Valois to Henry of Navarre, causing much controversy. For 10 points, name this bloody day in 1572 which saw the murder of Huguenot leaders in France.

ANSWER: St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre [TC]

Prison Bowl II

Round 10

BONUSES

1. This man’s economic policy was known as the Continental System. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this Corsican-born French emperor who lost the Battle of Borodino and was exiled to St. Helena, but not before taking over like pretty much all of Europe.

ANSWER: Napoleon I or Napoleon Bonaparte

[10] In this 1807 treaty between Russia and France, Russia agreed to participate in the embargo in exchange for France assisting it against the Ottoman Empire, effectively forming an alliance between Napoleon and Alexander I.

ANSWER: Treaty of Tilsit

[10] While Francis II of the Holy Roman Empire was not allowed into the raft on which the Treaty of Tilsit was drawn up, he did appear on the battlefield along with Alexander and Napoleon in this 1805 battle, also called the Battle of the Three Emperors. The Third Coalition was soundly defeated by Napoleon in it.

ANSWER: Battle of Austerlitz [TC]

2. Rock music in the 1970’s had three important strands. Name an artist or a group from each, for 10 points each.

[10] He secured his position in “glam” or “glitter” rock using the persona Ziggy Stardust and flaunting androgynous sexuality. You probably have his early hit “Space Oddity” in your music player.

ANSWER: David Bowie or David Jones

[10]As for progressive rock, name this band headed by Ian Anderson. Their albums include Aqualung.

ANSWER: Jethro Tull

[10] This heavy metal band is best known for the 1979 hit “I was Made for Lovin’ You” released in Dynasty and “Rock and Roll All Night” off Dressed to Kill.

ANSWER: KISS [DU]

3. Answer some questions about the Earth’s structure for 10 points each:

[10] This part of the Earth consists of an upper section, a lower section, a transition zone, and the D-prime-prime layer. It is extremely viscous and has a convection current. Immediately above the core, it makes up about 70% of the Earth’s volume.

ANSWER: mantle (prompt on outer or inner mantle)

[10] Discovered when a Croatian geologist noticed that seismic waves accelerate when passing between two layers of the Earth, this is the boundary between the Earth’s crust and mantle.

ANSWER: Mohorovičić discontinuity

[10] This region of the upper mantle has a low density. Seismic waves move slowly through this region, and the lithosphere floats on top of it, causing the movement of plates described by plate tectonics theory.

ANSWER: asthenosphere [LC]

4. Animals are often helpful in the field of psychology. For 10 points each:

[10] The puzzle-box experiment on cats allowed this author of Animal Intelligence to study learning curves and formulate the Law of Effect.

ANSWER: Edward Lee Thorndike

[10] This Russian Nobel laureate discovered classical conditioning studying dogs.

ANSWER: Ivan Pavlov

[10] Wolfgang Kohler, one of the founders of Gestalt psychology, discerned insight in these animals that he studied at Teneriffe. They were also studied by Jane Goodall.

ANSWER: Chimpanzees (accept apes) [DU]

5. The work ends with the realization that Della cut her knee length hair to raise the money for a chain for her husband’s watch, while her husband Jim sold his watch to buy a set of combs for his wife. For 10 points each:

[10] Name the short story.

ANSWER: “The Gift of the Magi”

[10] This author of “The Gift of the Magi” wrote the short story collection titled after the population of New York, The Four Million.

ANSWER: O. Henry [accept William Sydney Porter]

[10] This other short story by O’Henry describes the kidnapping of an incredibly annoying ten year old by fugitives Sam Howard and Bill Driscoll, and the price for the ten year old is lowered from $2,000 to $250.

ANSWER: “The Ransom of Red Chief” [YC]

6. This work depicts Frederick, who is indentured to the title characters until his 21st birthday. Sadly, he was born on February 29th. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this work which also includes the army officer Stanley, who sings “I Am the Very Model of a Modern Major-General”.

ANSWER: The Pirates of Penzance

[10] The Pirates of Penzance was produced for Richard D’Oyly Carte by this pair, who also collaborated on Trial by Jury and Thespis.

ANSWER: Sir William Schwenck Gilbert and Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan

[10] In this Gilbert & Sullivan work, the title character’s son, Nanki-Poo, has fallen in love with Yum-Yum, who is herself betrothed to Ko-Ko. In case you couldn’t tell by the rather antiquated names, it takes place in Japan.

ANSWER: The Mikado, or The Town of Titipu [GT]

7. It was brought about by the 1853 Treaty of La Mesilla and included territory south of the Gila river. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this 29,670 square mile land transfer, negotiated to allow the construction of the transcontinental railroad.

ANSWER: Gadsden Purchase

[10] The Gadsden Purchase was named for James Gadsden, then the American ambassador to this nation.

ANSWER: Mexico

[10] The Gadsden Purchase was influenced by the possibility of a southern transcontinental railroad. Franklin Pierce’s pro-south administration included this Secretary of War.

ANSWER: Jefferson Davis [TC]

8. Lovely immune system, where would I be without you? For 10 points each:

[10] These white blood cells play a role in the humoral immune response and are part of the adaptive immune system. They are produced in the bone marrow and later migrate to the spleen. Their name comes from their origin in the Bursa of Fabricus in birds.

ANSWER: B-cells

[10] B-cells are a type of these white blood cells, which also include T-cells and Natural Killer cells. The former two give rise to immunological memory and are the crucial part of the third line of defense.

ANSWER: lymphocytes

[10] B-cells produce these disease fighting proteins, also known as immunoglobulins. V(D)J recombination provides for variations in them, and they function by attaching to epitopes on antigens.

ANSWER: antibodies [DU]

9. For 10 points each, name these things about an author and his works.

[10] This novel is about Oscar Matzerath, who writes his autobiography in a sanatorium. After he receives the title object for his third birthday, he wills himself not to grow up and maintains the stature of a child for the rest of his life. Whenever he is separated from the title object he has a scream that can shatter glass.

ANSWER: The Tin Drum

[10] This author of The Tin Drum wrote Crabwalk and his autobiography Peeling the Onion.

ANSWER: Gunter Grass

[10] The Tin Drum is the first work in this trilogy, which also includes Cat and Mouse and Dog Years.

ANSWER: the Danzig trilogy [YC]

10. Name some rivers in South America, for 10 points each.

[10] This river, the largest by volume in the world, flows through much of Brazil, including its namesake rainforest.

ANSWER: the Amazon River or Rio Amazonas

[10] Forming the border between Argentina and Uruguay, this is not actually a river, but an estuary.

ANSWER: Río de la Plata or River Plate

[10] The Río de la Plata is formed by the confluence of the Uruguay River and this other river.

ANSWER: the Paraná River [GT]

11. Answer some questions about a musical friendship, for 10 points each.

[10] This Italian dude must have loved himself, because he was a pretty sick violinist. He wrote 24 caprices that are pretty much impossible to play, but he did it. He was just that fly.

ANSWER: Niccolò Paganini

[10] Paganini also had a friend in this dude, who wrote Harold in Italy, his second symphony, at his suggestion. His other works include a setting of Romeo and Juliette, and the opera Les Troyens.

ANSWER: Hector Berlioz

[10] Berlioz is best known for this 5-movement piece which includes “Dream of a Witches’ Sabbath” and “March to the Scaffold”. It was written in his love for Harriet Smithson, whom he later married...and then separated from.

ANSWER: Symphonie fantastique or An Episode in the Life of an Artist [GT]

12. Tanzimat came too late to save this Sick Man of Europe. For 10 points each:

[10] This state earlier kicked Serbian butt at the Battle of Kosovo and Persian ass at the Battle of Chaldiran.

ANSWER: The Ottoman Empire (prompt on things like Turks, but not Turkey)

[10] This Ottoman sultan was only twenty-one when he captured Constantinople in 1453, making a road out of logs to pull his fleet across land into the Golden Horn.

ANSWER: Mehmet II or Mehmet the Conquerer

[10] You probably know that the Ottomans lost at the Battle of Lepanto, but more damaging was the increasing cost of employing these mostly-Christian infantrymen, recruited through the devshirme system.

ANSWER: Janissaries [DU]

13. Answer some questions about the Centaurs, for 10 points each.

[10] In later times, the Centaurs were often seen pulling the chariot of this god of wine, who was generally a pretty rowdy guy.

ANSWER: Dionysus (accept Bacchus)

[10] While most Centaurs were savage, this one was wise, and he instructed a bunch of Greek heroes like Jason and Achilles, the latter being his great-grandson. He was put into the heavens as Sagittarius.

ANSWER: Chiron

[10] The Centaurs fought a famous battle against this people when they tried to take away the bride of Pirithous, the son of their king, Ixion.

ANSWER: the Lapithai [GT]

14. Its epigraph contains a line from Heart of Darkness: “Mistah Kurtz—he dead.” For 10 points each:

[10] Name this poem whose title characters are “stuffed . . . Leaning together / Headpiece filled with straw” and which ends, “This is the way the world ends / Not with a bang but a whimper.”

ANSWER: “The Hollow Men”

[10] This poet wrote “The Hollow Men” as well as “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” and another featuring an exciting game of chess, “The Waste Land”.

ANSWER: Thomas Stearns Eliot

[10] Eliot called this man “the most important personage” of “The Waste Land”. He is described as “throbbing between lives” and possessing “wrinkled female breasts”.

ANSWER: Tiresias [GT]

15. His ideas were extended by philosophers in the Frankfurt School in works like Herbert Marcuse’s Eros and Civilization. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this philosopher who wrote The Communist Manifesto.

ANSWER: Karl Marx

[10] This Frenchman attempted to combine Kierkegaard’s existentialism with Marxism in Critique of Dialectical Reason, besides writing Being and Nothingness.

ANSWER: Jean-Paul Sartre

[10] Specters of Marx is a work by this philosopher, who created concepts like “différance” and “trace” in Of Grammatology.

ANSWER: Jacques Derrida [MT]

16. According to this religion, yoga is the way to achieve moksha, and its members practice ahimsa, or non-violence. For 10 points each:

[10] Name this Indian religion whose doctrine of not hurting any living being include sweeping bugs out of the way so as not to step on them.

ANSWER: Jainism

[10] Parshvanatha was the 23rd and penultimate one of these in the current age, the Jainist term for someone who has made a path across the stream of rebirths for others to cross.

ANSWER: Tirthankaras (accept Jina or Victor and equivalents)

[10] This man, usually considered the founder of Jainism, was the 24th Tirthankara.

ANSWER: Mahavira (accept Vardhmana or Great Hero and equivalents) [GT]

17. Name these important experiments in the history of physics, for 10 points each:

[10] The results of this experiment showed that atoms have a small, dense, positively-charged nucleus in the center, by shooting alpha particles through a thin sheet of metal, using zinc sulfide as an indicator.

ANSWER: Rutherford gold foil experiment (accept either)

[10] Using an interferometer floated in a pool of mercury, the two namesakes of this most famous failed experiment determined that the speed of light is constant in every direction.

ANSWER: Michelson-Morley experiment

[10] In this doubly-eponymous experiment, silver atoms traveled through an inhomogeneous magnetic field, and the deflection of their trajectories indicated that particles have intrinsically quantized angular momentum, giving rise to the modern quantum mechanical understanding of spin.

ANSWER: Stern-Gerlach experiment [LC]

18. Various ships led to international disputes in the American history. For 10 points each.

[10] The Treaty of Washington settled “claims” involving this Confederate ship, which Great Britain built supposedly in violation of its neutrality during the Civil War.

ANSWER: CSS Alabama

[10] In 1772, off the coast of Rhode Island, Abraham Whipple raided this British schooner that was enforcing unpopular trade regulations.

ANSWER: HMS Gaspée

[10] The explosion of this ship in Havana was attributed to the Spanish by yellow journalists, so it became a direct cause of the Spanish-American War.

ANSWER: USS Maine [DU]

19. For 10 points each, name these things about related chemical compounds.

[10] This term refers to a group of compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different structures, giving them different properties. Types include structural or constitutional and stereo-.

ANSWER: isomers (accept word forms)

[10] This kind of structural isomerism occurs when two molecules are non-superimposable mirror-images of each other. They rotate plane-polarized light in opposite directions.

ANSWER: enantiomers (prompt on optical isomer)

[10] A mixture that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a molecule is called this kind of mixture. They are usually optically inactive because the enantiomers polarize light in opposite directions.

ANSWER: racemic mixture or racemate [LC]

20. Name some Ancient Roman authors, for 10 points each.

[10] This guy wrote the Aeneid. Like Beatrice, he serves as guide in an important Renaissance work.

ANSWER: Publius Vergilius Maro

[10] This playwright excelled in comedy of errors, examples of which include Miles Gloriosus, Amphitryon, and Aulularia.

ANSWER: Titus Maccius Plautus

[10] Encolpius’s adventures with his lover Giton, as well as the famous Trimalchio’s feast, are described in the Satyricon by this author.

ANSWER: Titus Petronius (or Gaius Petronius Arbiter, as his actual identity is enshrouded in mystery) [DU]

21. He became America’s least favorite governor in July of 2008, with a 86% negative rating, and that was before his infamous pay-to play scheme for Barack Obama’s vacant seat in the Senate! For 10 points each:

[10] Name this Serbian-American Democrat of Illinois, who was charged with conspiracy to commit mail and wire fraud in addition to soliciting bribes.

ANSWER: Milorad “Rod” R. Blagojevich

[10] Blagojevich, despite public scrutiny and likely impeachment impending, defiantly appointed this former attorney general of Illinois and competitor for the position of governor to Obama’s seat. Like George Foreman, he named his children after himself and a putative female version of his name.

ANSWER: Roland Burris

[yes, Roland Burris’s children are named Roland and Rolanda]

[10] Identified as “Senate Candidate 5”, whose representative had supposedly offered $1 million in exchange of the seat, this representative of Chicago's 2nd congressional district has explained that he is not a target of the investigation and cooperated with the investigation.

ANSWER: Jesse Jackson, Jr. [KK] (prompt on “Jackson”)

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