Www.quia.com



CHAPTER 5Quiz Yourself1.A local drug effect is limited to the site of administration and those tissues immediatelysurrounding it. A systemic drug effect is not limited to the site of administrationbut can be felt throughout the body to varying degrees, causing a therapeutic effect aswell as possible side effects.2.Lidocaine (Xylocaine) is an example of a drug that can act either locally or systemically to produce a therapeutic effect, depending on its route of administration. When applied topically via a gargle, it causes topical anesthesia. When injected into the skin or gums, it causes local anesthesia. When injected epidurally into the lumbar area, it provides anesthesia to the lower body. When given intravenously, it acts systemically to stop cardiac arrhythmias.3.The therapeutic effect is the drug’s main effect for which it was prescribed by the physician. The therapeutic effect is selected to cure a disease, decrease disease symptoms, or prevent a disease. Drug effects other than the therapeutic effect are known as side effects.mon side effects for the GI tract include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and mon side effects for the central nervous system include drowsiness, excitement,or depression.5.A toxic effect results when the serum levels of a drug rise above the therapeutic level.Side effects, on the other hand, while varying in severity and type, occur entirelywhen the serum level of a drug is within the therapeutic range.6.The therapeutic index is a measurement of the margin of safety between the therapeutic dose and the toxic dose for any given drug.7.The basis for all symptoms associated with an allergic reaction is the local and systemic release of histamine.8. In the lock-and-key concept, the lock is a receptor located on the cell membrane. Thekey is either an agonist drug that can unlock and activate the receptor, or it canbe an antagonist drug that occupies the lock and blocks other drugs from activatingthe receptor. One drug can act as a master key to unlock several different receptors ondifferent organs; this is what occurs when one drug causes both therapeutic and sideeffects.9.Synergism involves two drugs combining to produce an effect greater than the independent effects of each drug. The combination drug Tylenol w/ Codeine is anexample of a synergistic drug–drug interaction in which two analgesic drugs worktogether to relieve pain. Another example is the combination of a potassium-wastingdiuretic drug with a potassium-sparing diuretic drug in one combination drug.Antagonism involves two drugs combining to produce an effect less than theindependent effects of each drug. The combination of tetracycline taken with antacids, causing the formation of an insoluble complex, is an example of an antagonistic drug–drug reaction10. Polypharmacy is when a patient takes several different drugs. These may beprescription drugs and/or OTC drugs.11.Metric system of measurement.12.Penicillin or insulin or some vitamins (units). Nitroglycerin ointment (inches).Potassium (milliequivalents).13.True.14.a. a.c. before mealsb. b.i.d. twice a dayc. g gramd. h.s. hours of sleep, at bedtimee. mcg microgramf. mg milligramg. mL milliliterh. mEq. milliequivalenti. p.r.n. as neededj. t.i.d. three times a day15.A pediatric drug dose is calculated based on the total body weight of the patient, notthe age. Pediatric drug doses are expressed as mg/kg/day (milligrams of drug perkilogram of body weight per 24-hour period).16.Chemotherapy drug doses are calculated based on the patient’s total body surface area. Chemotherapy drug doses are expressed as mg/m2 (milligrams of drug per meter squared of body surface area).Clinical Applications Questions1Do not take with nitrates (drug–drug interaction). May cause drowsiness (other warning to prevent side effects).Do not drink (drug–alcohol interaction).Take with food or milk (other warning to prevent side effects).Finish all of this medication unless otherwise directed by the prescriber (other warning).Take with plenty of water (other warning to prevent side effects).2. a. Yes.b. Liver and kidneys.c.Drug Name Used to TreatAccupril hypertensionActos diabetes mellitusaspirin painCatapres-TTS-1 hypertensionLasix hypertension and congestive heart failureGlucotrol XL diabetes mellitusHumulin N diabetes mellitusK-Dur potassium supplement drugLanoxin congestive heart failurelorazepam anxietyMetamucil laxative drug for constipationProzac anxiety and depressionZantac heartburn and peptic ulcerRisperdal psychosisSerevent bronchodilator drug for lung diseaseSynthroid thyroid hormone replacement drugCelebrex arthritis painZaroxolyn diuretic drug for congestive heart failureAmbien insomniaLevaquin antibiotic drug for respiratory infectiond. Yes, this patient is at risk for a drug–drug interaction. ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download