WCS
The Human Respiratory SystemWe've learned some things already about the way God created animals with the need for oxygen.We have seen the porous skin of amphibians, gills of fish and air sacs of birds. All to bring oxygen to their cells.In mammals we have seen a respiratory system take a very important role in providing oxygen to the body so that energy production can be maximized.The respiratory system teams up with all the other systems to keep us healthy. p. 415Respiratory system provides oxygenDigestive system provides energy and mineralsCirculatory system transports to cellsImmune and integumentary systems protectNervous system uses electric impulses to moveMuscular system moves voluntarily and involuntarilySkeletal system physically supports and provides frameworkEndocrine system regulates body functionReproductive system produces offspringAll these systems work together and would fail without the others. Each as a functioning system could not have evolved on their own without the others already functioning also. The only way is that they were all created together at one time, fully functioning! Irreducible ComplexityRespiratory System brings into the body a much-needed substance - oxygenOxygen is needed to change the fuel, glucose, into ATP in the process of aerobic cellular respiration.Primary function of the respratory system is to exchange carbon dioxide for a fresh supply of oxygen.Main organs are the lungsInhale oxygen - exhale carbon dioxideAnatomy of the respiratory system - follow the airflow.310515037338000Air flows first through the nostrils of the nose or through the mouth.Membranes in the nose secrete mucus, sticky substance that traps dust or other particles.Cilia are tiny hairs on the membrane cells that move the mucus to the throat and to digestion.Pharynx is the passage from the back of the throat to the esophagus.Esophagus is an elastic tube behind the larynx the opens when swallowing to let food down to digestive system.Larynx is box-like and has several pieces of cartilage. It opens to the pharynx above and the trachea below3509645-210460500Between the larynx and the pharynx is the epiglottis.The epiglottis is a flap of tissue that covers the larynx when swallowing to prevent food or liquid from entering the lungs.The uvula is the flap of tissue that hangs in the back of the throat to prevent food from getting up into nasal cavity.The glottis is the space between the folds in the larynx. Coughing happens here if something tries to get passed the epiglottis.The folds around the glottis are the vocal cords. speaking happens as the cords are tightened and air is forced through them to make them vibrate.Trachea is a hollow tube that begins at the bottom of the larynx and connects to a pair of tubes called the bronchi.The two bronchi bring air to the two lungs.Inside the lung, the bronchi branch and rebranch to form bronchioles. The bronchioles reach tiny microscopic sacs called alveoli. Their cells are one cell thick and is where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. The surface contact of these alveoli is 84-96 square yards, 40 times as extensive than the skin surface. Physiology of the respiratory system Oxygen molecules pass through the one cell thick walls of alveoli sacs.Capillaries are on the other side of the sacs oxygenating blood and dropping off carbon dioxide to be exhaled. This happens through the process of diffusion - the concentration of oxygen is higher in the air than in the deoxygenated blood. Diffusion also moves the carbon dioxide from the erythrocytes to the lungs.Breathing happens as the chest cavity, or thorax, expands and contracts. The thorax is made larger by contracting the diaphragm. The diaphragm is a muscle that is attached to the lower ribs and sternum. As it contracts, the thorax gets bigger and air is inhaled. When the diaphragm relaxes, the thorax gets smaller and air is exhaled. Lung capacities:total:5500 mlair normally inhaled and exhaled: 500 mlextra air that can be exhaled: 1000 mlair that cannot be exhaled: 1000 mlextra air that can be inhaled: 3000 mlRespiratory disorders:pneumonia - inflammation of alveoli caused by bacteria, virus or fungi that causes the alveoli to become inflamed or filled with fluid.symptoms: fever, coughing, shortness of breath, chest pain, can cause death.tuberculosis - bacterial infection that damages lung tissueemphysema - associated with smoking. Chemicals inhaled damage walls of alveoli.collapsed lung - hole in lung or fluid in lung ................
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