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Question typeFormulaExample answer (where applicable)Own Words (U)Find the correct lines Check marks availableRe-write ideas in your own words (1 point per mark available)Check you haven’t used any key words from the passageContext (U)Define the wordQuote word or phrase from surrounding text which helped you arrive at the meaningExplain in your own words how the ‘clues’ helped you arrive at the meaning“Ubiquitous” means everywhere.I could work this out because the writer says “the internet is following you” which suggests the internet is all around and you cannot get away from it.Link (U)Quote word or phrase from linking sentence which connects to the previous ideaExplain in own words what the previous idea wasQuote word or phrase from linking sentence which connects to the following ideaExplain in own words what the next idea is“Our familiarity with his work” refers back to earlier in the paragraph where the writer describes how well known and popular Shakespeare’s writing is. “We know relatively little of the man himself”points forward to the rest of the paragraph where the writer lists all the things we do not know about his life such as when he became an actor.Summarise (U) Identify key points from the passage (refer to relevant part if specified in the question)Change key ideas into your own wordsUse bullet points if necessarySummary of Titanic Movie. The movie follows the story of a young couple aboard a cruise liner who cross paths. They are from different social classes and fall in love. The story comes to a dramatic conclusion when the ship crashes into an iceberg causing the ship to sink, and ultimately killing Jack.Word Choice (A)Quote the word from the passage (“_______”)Explain the connotations of the word (This has connotations of __________)Explain what this suggests about what the writer is describing. (This suggests ______________)Word choice“exterminate” has connotations of killing and total and brutal destruction.This suggests that he really hates the pigeons as he wants to kill all of them.Imagery (A)Identify the type of image (simile/metaphor/personification) Quote imageExplain image by describing the comparative object in relation to what the writer is discussing (Just as ____A___, so too ____B____)Metaphor – “swamped by a tidal wave” – Just as a tidal wave is a huge, powerful wave which engulfs and destroys coastal areas, so too is the writer suggesting that people believe the UK is being overrun with a massive number of immigrants. Contrast (A)(2 opposing ideas, words, or images)Quote one side of the contrast.Summarise this side using own words.Quote opposing side of the contrast.Summarise in own words this contrasting side. Sentence Structure (A)You may be asked to comment on;Punctuation (lists, colon, semi-colon, parenthesis) Sentence lengths (short or long sentences)Sentence patterns (repetition) Identify feature of writer’s sentence structure (specifically state)QuoteExplain the purpose of this sentence structure in relation to the questionHint: sentence structure usually reinforces, emphasises or highlights an important point or idea. If you say this, relate it to the question! Short sentence – “Destiny determined otherwise.” – This short sentence emphasises how Ali had absolutely no say in what happened and how his life would unfold. This technique dramatically underlines how Ali was totally unable to change his fate.ORParenthesis – “(and there almost never is)” – The writer uses parenthesis to reinforce how rarely anything worthwhile comes out of these raids, clearly conveying her opinion that this approach is wrong.ToneTONE BANK:Informal; Humorous; Light Hearted; Whimsical; Gently MockingSarcastic; Mocking; Ironic; Formal; Questioning; Outraged; Angry; Critical; Sinister; Nostalgic; Reverential;Reflective; Awed; Disappointed; Uncertain; DoubtfulState what the tone isIdentify writer’s use of technique which creates this tone (e.g. word choice, imagery, sentence structure)Quote word or phrase which signifies the toneExplain in own words how the example you have selected creates a toneTone – SarcasticWord choice “thrill” this word has connotations of something exciting and entertaining. This creates a sarcastic tone because the writer uses this word to describe waiting in a queue which is not exciting in the slightest. Effective conclusionAlways say it is effective!Quote one thing from conclusion which links to an idea previously stated in the passage(This links to the previous idea about…) Explain the idea which your quote refers to.Say why this makes it effective. NOTE: sometimes in the final paragraph, the tone will change from the rest of the passage. You can comment on this as shown in the example. The writer successfully underlines the main idea of the paragraph in the last sentence “QUOTE”, reinforcing the idea that if a comet hit the earth, there would be widespread devastation. This is effective because it emphasises the finality of the writer’s point very forcefully. Change of tone – “And there would be limited opportunity for reflection following such an event.” – Compared to the more serious and formal tone of the rest of the paragraph, the witty irony of this statement emphasises the idea that the threat of a comet hitting the earth would be cataclysmic. This change of tone is effective because it understates a very grave situation, creating humour while at the same time reinforcing the writer’s point. (1)Questions on both passagesState the similarity/difference of the key idea.The writer of passage one describes... (Explain idea in your own words) “Quotation to back up your explanation”The writer of passage two agrees/disagrees with this point when he comments on... (Explain idea in your own words) “Quotation to back up your explanation”Repeat this structure for at least two other key ideas. The effect of gaming on intelligence:Passage 1 states that video games improve players’ intelligence as they exercise the brain – “Making our brains sharper”Passage 2 states that video games reduce players’ intelligence as they prevent them from reading and do not exercise the brain – “catastrophic effect these blasted gizmos are having on the literacy and the prospects of young males”The difficulty of gaming:Passage 1 describes games as “maddeningly hard” and as such require and develop problem solving skills, thus making games beneficial to the playerPassage 2 describes the players as “spoon-fed” so offer no challenge to the player so do not develop any skillsStrategy required to play video games:Passage 1 states that the majority of the time players have to engage in boring tasks to gain longer term rewards, this develops players’ concentration as they must persevere for long term reward. – “The tasks themselves are more like chores than entertainment”Passage 2 states the opposite – that players are given “undeserved praise” and that the rewards are immediate” suggesting there is no concentration, or long term tactics required to play video games so players do not develop any skillsThe happiness gained from gaming:Passage 1 states that players receive huge satisfaction from playing video games as they receive exciting and worthwhile rewards. – “Most games offer a fictional world where rewards are larger and more vivid and more clearly defined than life”Passage 2 suggests that video games are as addictive as drugs and as such when they are not playing them they are “sobbing and shrieking”. This suggests that far from making gamers’ lives happier, video games make every moment they are not playing a misery. ................
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