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Clinical Medical Sciences Syllabus For International StudentsCollege of International Education of JZMU 2016.03THE SYLLABUS OF RADIODIAGNOSISFOREWORDApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 64 hours to study this course. The study of theory consists of 32 hours and the laboratory practical take up 32 hours. Course Introduction and ObjectivesThe teaching contents are divided into three grades: First grade content is to be mastered and to be learned by heart; it is of the greatest importance and it is the key point of teaching; the second grade is for students to be familiar with, the teaching files in this grade will be presented only in part in lectures, thus some files are to be self studied; the third grade contents help the student to form a knowledge base, such as the state of art Radiology, to catch up with the rapid development of modern imaging technology; as well as the comparison of the several imaging modalities on the basis of their advantages and limitations.TEACHING HOURS DISTRIBUTIONNo.ContentsLecturePracticeChapter 1Overview24Chapter 2Respiratory system64Chapter 3Circulation system24Chapter 4Digestive system54Chapter 5Urinary system44Chapter 6Musculoskeletal system54Chapter 7Neuroimaging44Chapter 8Interventional radiology44Total3232Chapter 1: Overview and Principles of Diagnostic Imaging[Objectives] Get familiar with the general aspect of Diagnostic Radiology, including its history, present status, and prospect.Realize the content object of the Course of Diagnostic Radiology.Master the basic knowledge of Diagnostic Radiology. Identify four types of fundamental radiographic densities on plain films.Master and understand the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of various modalities of imaging examination including traditional diagnostic radiology and modern imaging examinations.Choose optimal radiographic contrast agent and manage their adverse reaction.COURSE CONTENTS Theory Introduction and definition of Diagnostic Radiology.Historical perspectives.Examination techniques of traditional diagnostic radiologyModern imaging techniquesThe nature and production of X-raysDefinition of X-raysProduction of X-rays Physical effects of X-raysFundamental radiographic densities on plain films.Modalities of Diagnostic Radiology examination.Plain film radiography Fluoroscopy Conventional tomographyContrast radiographic examinationComputed tomography (CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) The radiographic contrast agent and management of their adverse reactionPractice Help the students to be familiar with the courses of routine imaging examination, including X-ray, CT, and MRI in the radiology department. Help the students to be familiar with various types of images of diagnostic radiology including plain X-ray films, contrast radiography, CT and MRI. Chapter 2: Respiratory System[Objectives] 1. Master the imaging technology (X-ray, CT and MRI) and normal imaging anatomy in respiratory systemUnderstand the basic features in diseases of the following common diseases: Pulmonary Sequestration, Bronchogenic Cysts, Inflammatory Disorders (Pneumonia, Lung Abscess, Tuberculosis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Emphysema, Bronchiectasis, Neoplasms of the Lung Hamartoma, Bronchial Carcinoma, Pulmonary Metastases), Sarcoidosis, Disease Of The Mediastinum (Intrathoracic Thyroid, Thymoma, Teratoma, Malignant Lymphorna, Aortic Aneurysm, Dissecting Aneurysms), Disease Of the Pleura (Pleural Effusion, Pneumothorax, Pleural Thickening and Fibrothorax, Pleural Mesothelioma), Pulmonary Thromboembonsm, Thoracic Trauma (Bone Fractures, Pneumothorax and Hemothorax, Pulmonary Contusion, Pulmonary Laceration)COURSE CONTENTS Theory Imaging Technology and Imaging AnatomyImaging TechnologyImaging AnatomyThe basis features in chest diseasesExudation and consolidationProliferative lesionFibrosisCalcificationCavitationMassImaging appearance of diseases in respiratory systemMalformationInflammatory disordersChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseNeoplasms of the lungDisease of the mediastinumDisease of the pleuraPulmonary thromboembolismThoracic TraumaPractice The routine imaging examinations (X-ray, CT and MRI) of respiratory system in radiological departmentDiscuss some clinical cases of respiratory system in class or in radiological department Chapter 3: Cardio-Vascular System[Objectives] Master the imaging technology (X-ray, CT and MRI), normal imaging anatomy, and basic features in diseases of cardio-vascular systemUnderstand the imaging appearance, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease (mitral stenosis), hypertensive heart disease, COR pulmonale, pericarditis, and congenital heart diseaseCOURSE CONTENTS Theory Imaging Technology and Imaging AnatomyPlain filmComputed tomography (CT)Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Imaging appearance of diseases in central nervous systemRheumatic heart diseaseHypertensive heart diseaseCOR pulmonalePericarditisCongenital heart diseasePractice Show the students the routine imaging examinations (X-ray, CT and MRI) of cardio-vascular system in radiological department.Show the students the clinical cases of cardio-vascular system in class or radiological department.Chapter 4: Gastrointestinal System[Objectives] Master the image technology (X-ray, CT and MRI) in gastrointestinal system Get familiar with the normal imaging anatomy in gastrointestinal systemUnderstand the radiological appearance of common diseases in gastrointestinal system, included diseases of esophagus, stomach and duodenum, small bowel, colon, liver, gallbladder and biliary system, pancreas and spleen.Understand the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of gastric ulcers, gastric cancer, colon carcinoma, hepatic tumors and pancreatitis.COURSE CONTENTS Theory Imaging techniques and anatomyAbdominal plain filmDouble contrast examination Computed tomography UltrasonographyMagnetic resonance (MR) imagingNuclear medicinePrinciples of interpretationTypes of pathologyElements of the double-contrast imageProtrusionsThe barium poolRadiologic-histologic correlation of GI tractImaging appearance of diseases in gastrointestinal systemEsophagusStomach and duodenumSmall bowelColonLiverGallbladder and biliary systemPancreasSpleenPractice 1. Show the students the routine imaging examinations (X-ray, CT and MRI) of gastrointestinal system in radiological department.2. Show the students the clinical cases of gastrointestinal system in class or radiological department.Chapter 5: Urinary System[Objectives] Master the image technology (X-ray, CT and MRI) of urinary systemBe familiar with the normal imaging anatomy of urinary systemUnderstand the image appearance of congenital abnormalities, calculus, infections, and masses.Understand the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of urolithiasis, tuberculosis, masses (including renal cyst and tumors) COURSE CONTENTS Theory Imaging Technology and Imaging AnatomyPlain film (K.U.B, I.V.P)Computed tomography (CT)Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Imaging appearance of diseases in urinary tractCongenital abnormalitiesObstructive lesionsInfectionsMasses: cysts and tumorsVascular lesionsTraumatic lesionsExtrinsic compressionRenal transplantationPractice 1. Show the students the routine imaging examinations (X-ray, CT and MRI) of urinary tract in radiological department.2. Show the students the clinical cases of urinary tract in class and radiological department.CHAPTER 6: MUSCULOSKELETAL IMAGING[Objectives] Understand the structure and growth of bones and jointsMaster the basic X-ray features in diseases of bones and jointsGet familiar with the image appearance and the diagnosis of fracture, skeletal infection and bone tumors COURSE CONTENTS Theory The structure and growth of bones and jointsBasic X-ray features in diseases of bones and jointsChanges of bonesChanges of jointsChanges of soft tissuesFractureSkeletal infectionPyogenic osteomyelitis and septic arthritisSkeletal tuberculosisBone TumorsGiant cell tumors of boneOsteosarcomaMetastatic Tumors in BonePractice Show the students the clinical cases of musculoskeletal system in class CHAPTER 7: NEUROLOGICAL IMAGING[Objectives] Be familiar with the imaging technology (X-ray, CT and MRI) and normal imaging anatomy in central nervous system Understand the imaging appearance, the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cerebral vascular diseases, brain tumors, brain trauma, demyelization diseases and infectionCOURSE CONTENTSTheory Imaging Technology and Imaging AnatomyPlain skull filmComputed tomography (CT)Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Imaging appearance of diseases in central nervous systemCerebral Vascular DiseasesBrain tumorsBrain traumaDemyelinating Diseases: Multiple SclerosisInfection: Cerebritis and AbscessPractice 1. Show the students the routine imaging examinations (X-ray, CT and MRI) of central nervous system in radiological department2. Show the students the clinical cases of central nervous system in class or radiological department CHAPTER 8: INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY[Objectives] Be familiar with the general concepts of the diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in interventional radiologyUnderstand the appliances, their clinical application and therapeutic procedures in interventional radiology COURSE CONTENTS Theory Essential knowledge of interventional radiologyHistory of interventional radiologyThe application using interventional radiologyCategorization of intervention examinationPuncture approachInterventional therapyEmbolotherapy method and indicationPTAFilter releaseTumor embolism and chemotherapyPractice Show the students the routine DSA examinations equipment sample and machine furnish.Show the students the clinical cases of interventional therapy in class and radiological department.REFERENCESClinical Radiology: The Essential, 2nd Edition, Richard H. Daffner, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Pennsylvania USA,1999Radiology, 2nd Edition, Taveras JM, Ferrucci JT. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Pennsylvania USA, 2002Body CT with MRI Correlation, 2nd Edition. Lee SS, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Pennsylvania USA , 20044. CT of the Heart: Principles and Applications Schoepf UJ, Humana Press Inc., 20055. Essential of Skeletal Radiology, 2nd Edition, Yochum Terry R., Rowe Lindsay J. Williams & Wilkins,19966. Diagnostic Neuradiology, Osborn Anne G. Mosby-Year Book, Inc. St. Louis, 1994THE SYLLABUS OF LABORATORY DIAGNOSISApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 56 hours to study this course. The study of theory needs 34 teaching hours, the study of experimental skill needs 22 teaching hours. Teaching Hours DistributionChapterContentsTheoryPracticeChapter 15Principles of Diagnostic Test Use and Interpretation4Chapter 16Laboratory Examination of Hematology68Chapter 17Urinalysis and Renal Function4Chapter 18Blood Chemistries1210Chapter 19Clinical Common Assay in Immunology2Chapter 20Clinical Tests of Etiologic Agents1Chapter 21Laboratory Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases1Chapter 22Tests of Excretion, Secretion and Body Fluid34Total3422PART I: THEORYCHAPTER 15: PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSTIC TEST USE AND INTERPRETATION15.1: BENEFIT, DISADVANTAGES AND RISKS [Objectives]Know screening tests, diagnostic tests and management testsMaster accuracy and precisionKnow the reference rangesMaster sensitivity and specificity[Contents]General introduction to laboratory diagnosisGeneral introduction to screening tests, diagnostic tests and management testsDefinition and significance of accuracy and precisionDefinition and significance of sensitivity and specificityReference ranges15.2: PERFORMANCE OF LABORATORY TESTS[Objectives]Understand the factors affecting both the patient and the specimenKnow the odds-likelihood ratiosMaster the principles of specimen collection.Master the interfering factors of the results of diagnostic testsKnow sequential testing[Contents]General introduction to factors affecting both the patient and the specimen.General introduction of odds-likelihood ratiosThe principles of specimen collection.The interfering factors of the results of diagnostic tests.General introduction to sequential testing.CHAPTER 16: LABORATORY EXAMINATION OF HEMATOLOGY16.1: BLOOD SMEARS[Objectives]Red blood cell testMaster the referential values of Hemoglobin and RBCMaster the referential values of Hemoglobin and RBCMaster the clinical significance of the abnormal Hemoglobin and RBCMaster the clinical significance of anemia Know the red cell morphology Know the normal peripheral blood smearMaster the clinical significance of reticulocyteMaster the clinical significance of Howell—Jolly Bodies Master the clinical significance of Basophilic StipplingWhite blood cell testMaster white blood cell countMaster white cell differential countKnow the 5 main white cell subtypes, percentage and absolute valueKnow WBC differential neutrophilsMaster the clinical significance of neutrophilia and neutropeniaMaster leukocyte inclusions and nuclear contour abnormalitiesMaster the clinical significance of dohle bodiesKnow the morphology and clinical significance of small lymphocytes and large lymphocytes Know the morphology and clinical significance of monocytesKnow the morphology and clinical significance of eosinophilKnow the morphology and clinical significance of basophilsMaster platelets thrombocytes Master the clinical significance of thrombocytosis and Thrombocytopenia[Contents]Red blood cell testThe function of Hemoglobin and RBCThe referential values of Hemoglobin and RBCThe clinical significance of abnormal Hemoglobin and RBCThe clinical significance of anemia Red cell morphology Normal peripheral blood smearThe clinical significance of reticulocytesThe clinical significance of Howell-Jolly Bodies The clinical significance of basophilic stipplingWhite blood cell testWhite Blood Cell CountWhite cell differential count5 main white cell subtypes, percentage and absolute valueWBC differential neutrophilsThe clinical significance of Neutrophilia and NeutropeniaLeukocyte inclusions and nuclear contour abnormalitiesThe clinical significance of Dohle BodiesThe morphology and clinical significance of small lymphocytes and large lymphocytes The morphology and clinical significance of monocytesThe morphology and clinical significance of eosinophilsThe morphology and clinical significance of basophilsPlatelets thrombocytes The clinical significance of thrombocytosis and thrombocytopenia 16.2 BONE MARROW[Objectives]Grasp the definition and clinical application of bone marrow examinations; Master the development rules of hematocytes; Understand the features of blood and bone marrow in anemia and leukemia; Know the aspiration of bone marrow and the preparation of marrow smears. [Contents]The definition and clinical application of bone marrow examinations;The attention points for bone marrow examinations;Aspiration of bone marrow and preparation of bone marrow smears;The development rules of hematocytes and the changes in the process of development;The morphology of marrow cells;The definition and classification of anemia;The features of blood and bone marrow in anemia;The definition and classification of leukemia;The clinical and laboratory features of leukemia.16.3: BLEEDING AND THROMBOTIC DISORDER[Objectives]Know the progress of intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation.Know the function of the blood vessel walls and platelets.Master the clinical significance of APTT, PT and Fg. Master hemostasis defect of the first and second stage.[Contents]Causes of bleedingThe function of the blood vessel walls and platelets.The principle, control value and clinical significance of every method to test bleeding and thrombotic disorder.Blood vessel wall test: capillary resistance test (CRT), bleeding time (BT).Platelets test.Blood coagulation factors test: activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrobin time (PT), fibrinogen (Fg).Hemostasis defect of the first and second stage.CHAPTER 17: URINALYSIS AND RENAL FUNCTION17.1: URINALYSIS[Objectives]Know the general properties of urineMaster the chemical examination of urineMaster the observation under the microscope of urineMaster the referential values and clinical significance of the urine routine test. [Contents]The general properties (color, acidity, gravity) of urineChemical examination (protein, glucose, ketone) of urineObservation under the microscope (erythrocytes, leukocytes, casts ) of urineReferential values and clinical significance of the urine routine test17.2: RENAL FUNCTION[Objectives]Understand the principles and clinical significance of renal tubular function, renal blood flow and acid-base balance.Know the glomerular filtration rate.Master the normal range and clinical significance of Ccr.Master the normal range and clinical significance of Urea[Contents]Principles and clinical significance of renal tubular function, renal blood flow and acid-base balance.Normal range and clinical significance of the tests of renal glomerular function (Ccr, Urea, uric acid).The notes of collection of urine specimenCHAPTER 18: BLOOD CHEMISTRIES18.1: LIVER FUNCTION TESTS[Objectives]Master the reference interval and clinical significance.[Contents]Know the protein metabolism test.Master the bilirubin metabolism test.Master the enzyme tests.18.2: SERUM CARDIAC MARKERS[Objectives]Master the clinical significance of the serum cardiac markers.[Contents]Master the cardiac muscle enzyme test.Know the cardiac protein test.18.3: PLASMAPROTEIN[Objectives]Grasp the normal range of total protein and albumin.Grasp the clinical occurrence of hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia.Understand the results of SPEP.[Contents]Total serum protein, albumin, globulins and SPEP andα1-antiprotease. 18.4: GLUCOSE[Objectives]Grasp the normal range of fasting plasma glucose and 2 hour plasma glucose, the diagnostic standard of diabetes, IFG and IGT.Grasp the clinical occurrence of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.Grasp the clinical occurrence of HBA1c.Understand the results of OGTT.[Contents]Glucose, OGTT, insulin and HBA1c. 18.5: Lipids[Objectives]Grasp the normal range of TC (desirable, borderline and high risk), LDL (optimal, desirable, borderline and high risk)Grasp the clinical occurrence of increased level of TC and TG.[Contents]Total cholesterol and triglycerides.18.6: ELECTROLYTES[Objectives]Understand which organs and hormones participate in controlling the serum levels of calcium and phosphorus.Grasp the normal range of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and chloride.Grasp the clinical occurrence of hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperkalemia and hypokalemia.[Contents]Calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and chloride. CHAPTER 19: CLINICAL COMMON ASSAY IN IMMUNOLOGYImmunoglobulins (Ig) tests, Cellular immunity tests, Tumor markers tests[Objectives]Master the reference value of Ig (IgG、IgA and IgM), the clinical significance of tumor markers, the clinical significances of HBsAg, HBeAg, HBsAb, HBeAb and HBcAb.[Contents]Serum immunoglobulins tests. Cellular immunity tests.Tumor markers tests.Hepatitis markers tests.Immunologic tests of infection.CHAPTER 20: CLINICAL TESTS OF ETIOLOGIC AGENTS[Objectives]Understand the pathogens that cause different illnessesMaster the tests that diagnose illnesses[Contents]Pathogenic diagnosis of bacterial infection: causative organismsCausative pathogens, laboratory tests, diagnosis, treatment of different bacterial infectionsPathogenic diagnosis of bacterial infections in the respiratory tract: Pharyngitis and Laryngitis, Community-Acquired Pneumonia(CAP), Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP), Mycobacterial PneumoniaPathogenic diagnosis of bacterial infections in the urinary tract: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)/Cystitis/Pyuria-dysuria Syndrome, Prostatitis, PyelonephritisPathogenic diagnosis of bacterial infections in the gastrointestinal tract: Gastritis, Infectious Colitis/Dysentery, Antibiotic-Associated Pseudomembranous ColitisCHAPTER 21: LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF GENETIC DISEASES[Objectives]Grasp the modern concept of genetic diseases and the laboratory diagnosis of genetic diseases;Understand the essence of the number of chromosomes, structures, molecular techniques, etc.[Contents]The modern concept of In humans, the normal diplod number of chromosomes; genome, cytogenetics/chromosomal disorders, chromosomes complex structures, genetic diseases diagnosed by molecular techniques, cystic fibrosis mutation, fragile X syndrome, hemophilia, huntington disease; α-thalassemia; β-thalassemia.Laboratory diagnosis of genetic diseases, the number of chromosomes, structures, molecular techniques, etc.CHAPTER 22: TESTS OF EXCRETION, SECRETION AND BODY FLUID[Objectives]Understand the production and absorption of CSFMaster the tests of CSF, effusion and feces[Contents]Cerebrospinal fluid: definition, functions, purposes and routine examinations Serous body fluids: routine examinations of pleural effusions and peritoneal effusion Feces tests: general tests, occult blood test and microscopic examinationPart II: Practical PartNo.ContentsTeaching Hours1Experiment 1: General examination of blood 142Experiment 2: General examination of blood 243Experiment 3: Examination of hemostasis and blood coagulation54Experiment 4 : Examination of fluids45Experiment 5: Tests on the liver and renal functions5Total22REFERENCES《临床血液学和血液检验》，谭齐贤主编, 人民卫生出版社，2003《临床检验基础》，熊立凡主编，人民卫生出版社，2003《临床基础检验学实验指导》，朱立华主编，人民卫生出版社,1999《临床生物化学及生物化学检验》，周新，涂植光主编，人民卫生出版社，2003《生物化学实验讲义》，天津医科大学基础生化教研室，1996《免疫学和免疫学检验》，陶义训主编，人民卫生出版社, 1999《临床微生物学和微生物学检验》，张卓然主编, 人民卫生出版社, 2003《临床微生物和微生物检验实验指导》，洪秀华主编.人民卫生出版社，2003A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Test, 7th Edition, Frances T Fischbach RN. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publisher, 2003THE SYLLABUS OF NUCLEAR MEDICINEApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 28 hours to study this course. The study of the theory consists of 16 hours and the laboratory practice takes up 12 hours. Course Introduction:Nuclear medicine deals with the application of radio-isotopes and their related emitting rays in clinical medicine for diagnosis or therapy of diseases as well as research purposes. Using isotope or isotope labeled substance as tracer or pharmaceuticals. Clinical nuclear medicine is a unique and growing medical specialty that contributes most significantly to our understanding of the functional changes which accompany disease. It remains true to the very essence of functional imaging which characterizes the field of nuclear medicine and distinguishes it from the more morphologically based radiological imaging procedures. Both the diagnostic and the therapeutic aspects of nuclear medicine rely for their efficacy on the physiological changes produced by disease.Today nuclear medicine is one of the medical specialties with great opportunities for innovation and creative thinking. It will be most profitably used when both researchers and practicing physicians have taken the time to understand the pathophysiology basis of scintigraphy and radio-nuclide therapy.The Basic Objectives:Students are to grasp the cardinal concepts, principles of nuclear medicine imaging, methods and the clinical applications. Teaching Hours DistributionChapterContentsTeaching Hours1-3Introduction; Basic Principles; Radiation Effects and Safety24-6Radiation Detection and Instrumentation; Nuclear Pharmacy; Radionuclide Imaging Technique27Cardiovascular System28Endocrine System29Brain Imaging210Pulmonary System111Gastrointestinal System112Skeletal System213Genitourinary System214Tumor Imaging215Radionuclide Therapy2Total20Theoretical Part (16 hours)CHAPTER l: INTRODUCTION[Objectives]Grasp the definition of nuclear medicine.Understand the history and the current status of nuclear medicine.[Contents]The definition of nuclear medicine．The developing history of nuclear medicine.The present state of research in China and abroad.CHAPTER 2: BASIC PRINCIPLES [Objectives]Grasp the general concepts of nuclear physics. Grasp the international system of units related to radiation. Understand the rules of radioactive decay. Understand the interaction of radiation with matter.[Contents]The definition of nuclides, isotopes, isomers, stable nuclides and radio nuclides. The definition of radiation, its ways of measurement and the international system of units.The types and rules of decay. The interaction of radiation with matter.CHAPTER 3: RADIATION EFFECTS AND SAFETY[Objectives]Grasp the principles of radiation protection.Understand the radiation effects and carcinogenesis.[Contents]The radiation effects and carcinogenesis.The principles of radiation protection.CHAPTER 4: RADIATION DETECTION AND INSTRUMENTATION[Objectives]Understand the types of equipment commonly used in nuclear medicine.[Contents]Radiation detection.Instrumentation.SPECT and PET.CHAPTER 5: NUCLEAR PHARMACY[Objectives]Grasp the production of radiopharmaceuticals for PET and SPECT. Understand the sources of radionuclide for medical use. Grasp the principles of radionuclide generator.[Contents]Definition of radiopharmaceuticals.Sources of radionuclide for medical use.The method of producing labeled radioactive isotopes.The definition, fundamental structure and principles of radionuclide generation.CHAPTER 6: RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING TECHNIQUE[Objectives]Grasp the mechanisms of radiopharmaceutical localization.Grasp the imaging methods.[Contents]The mechanisms of radiopharmaceutical localization.Detection methods: static imaging, dynamic imaging and gated imaging.CHAPTER 7: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM[Objectives]Grasp the principles and clinical application of myocardial perfusion imaging.Understand the method and clinical application of myocardial metabolism imaging.[Contents]The principles, methods and clinical application of myocardial perfusion imaging.The principles，methods and clinical application of myocardium infarction positive imaging.Myocardial PET metabolism imaging.CHAPTER 8: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM[Objectives]Grasp the application of nuclear medicine imaging in thyroid diseases.Understand the principles of thyroid imaging, parathyroid and adrenomedullary imaging.[Contents]Thyroid anatomy and physiology.Assessment of thyroid function.Thyroid imaging.Adrenomedullary scintigraphy.Parathyroid imaging.Thyroid diseases.CHAPTER 9: BRAIN IMAGING[Objectives]Grasp the clinical application of cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging and PET brain metabolic scintigraphy.Understand the principles of cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging and PET brain metabolic scintigraphy.Understand the basic imaging characteristics of brain imaging.[Contents]Cerebral blood flow perfusion imaging: methodology, normal distribution, clinical application.PET brain metabolic scintigraphy..CHAPTER 10: PULMONARY SYSTEM[Objectives]Grasp the method and clinical value of pulmonary perfusion imaging.Grasp the method and clinical value of pulmonary ventilation imaging.Understand the clinical application of pulmonary carcinoma positive imaging.[Contents]The principles and method of pulmonary perfusion imaging.The principles of pulmonary ventilation imaging.The evaluation of nuclide imaging in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.The clinical application of pulmonary carcinoma positive imaging.CHAPTER 11: GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM [Objectives]Grasp the diagnostic methods, principles and clinical application of gastrointestinal bleeding.Grasp the nuclide diagnosis methods and characteristics of entopic gastric-mucosa.[Contents]The principles, methods and clinical application of gastrointestinal bleeding imaging.The principles, methods and clinical application of entopic gastric-mucosa imaging.CHAPTER 12: SKELETAL SYSTEM[Objectives]Grasp the principles, methods and clinical application of skeletal imaging.Understand special bone imaging. [Contents]The principles and method of skeletal imaging.The clinical application of skeletal imaging.CHAPTER 13: GENITOURINARY SYSTEM[Objectives]Grasp the clinical application of renal imaging.Understand renal radiopharmaceuticals and renal imaging techniques.[Contents]Renal radiopharmaceuticals.Renal imaging techniques.Clinical application of renal scintigraphy.CHAPTER 14: TUMOR IMAGING[Objectives]Grasp the clinical application of 18F-FDG tumor imaging.Understand the principles of 18F-FDG tumor imaging.[Contents]18F-FDG tumor imaging: principles, normal distribution, imaging interpretation and clinical application. CHAPTER 15: RADIONUCLIDE THERAPY[Objectives]Grasp the principles, methods and clinical value of radionuclide therapy of Grave’s disease.Grasp the principles, methods and clinical value of radionuclide therapy of thyroid differentiated cancer.Grasp the principles, methods and clinical value of radionuclide therapy of bone metastasis.[Contents]Radionuclide therapy for Graves’ disease.Radionuclide therapy for thyroid cancer.Radionuclide therapy for bone metastases. REFERENCESTextbook of Nuclear Medicine, 1st Edition, Michael A. Wilson, 1997, Lippincott- Raven The Pathophysiologic Basis of Nuclear Medicine, 1st Edition, Abdelhamid H. Elgazzar, 2001, Springer-Verlag Berlin HeidebergNuclear Medicine in Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment, 2nd Edition, I. P. C. Murray, P. J. Ell. 1998, Churchil Livingstone Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine, 1st Edition, C. Schiepes, 2000, Springer THE SYLLABUS OF DIAGNOSICS(PHYSICAL DIAGNOSIS)Applicable students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class hours: It takes 114 hours to study this course. The study of theory needs 62 teaching hours, the study of experimental skill needs 52 teaching hours. Course introduction:The course in diagnosis is a bridge between the basic medical course and clinical works. Student will learn the basic technique and the principles of how to make a diagnosis. The course includes 14 parts which covering physical examination, instruments examination and laboratory test. The skills of taking a history and performing physical examination is still the most important skills for physicians. The physical diagnosis include following parts: symptomatology, inquiry, physical examination, medical record writing, the diagnosis of diseases, electrocardiogram diagnosis (ECG), and ultrasound diagnosis et al.The Basic ObjectivesMaster the mechanisms or pathogenesis of common symptoms.Master the techniques of taking the patient’s history.Master the common methods of physical examination.Master the mechanisms of typical signs and their clinical values.Master the principle of how to make a medical record.Master the patterns of normal ECG Be familiar with the features of abnormal ECG in common cardiac diseaseBe familiar with the laboratory examinations and their clinical values.Cultivate the ability to analyze and synthesize clinical data, writing complete medical record.Understand the mechanism of the ECG and ultrasound diagnosis.TEACHING HOURS AND DISTRITRIBUTIONNo.ContentsTheoryPracticeGeneral Introduction 2Part IInquiry2Part IICommon Symptoms64Part IIIPhysical ExaminationChapter 1Techniques for physical exam22Chapter 2General Physical Examination22Chapter 3Head and Neck24Chapter 4Chest and Lung44Chapter 5Cardiovascular Exam84Chapter 6Abdomen Exam64Chapter 7Anus Genitals 2Chapter 8Spine And Extremities22Chapter 9Neurological Exam22Part IVInstrument examChapter 1ECG 108Chapter 2Pulmonary Function 3Chapter 3UCG 34Part VHistory Taking And Medical Records Writing38Part VIApproach to diagnosis34Total6252GENERAL INTRODUCTION[Objectives]To master the important role of diagnosisBe familiar with the main content of diagnosisBe familiar with the fundamental skills of physical examinationCOURSE CONTENTSExpound the properties of clinical diagnosis and its clinical significanceExplain the contents of clinical diagnosis and its clinical types and emphasizing the combination of theory and practice.Presenting the purpose and requirements of clinical diagnosis and asking the students to master the mechanisms or pathogenesis of common symptoms and signs, inquire about the patient’s history, do a complete physical examination and write case history.Introducing the history of diagnosis and novel progress.PART ONE THE COMMON SYMPTOMS[Objectives]The most common symptoms and signs, the causes and the pathogenesis of the symptomsThe differential diagnosis of the common symptomsUnderstand how to analyze the symptom for making a diagnosis, the differential diagnosis of the common symptoms.COURSE CONTENTSBecause of the complexity of the clinical symptoms, 8-10 common symptoms will be selected to be included in the lecture. The symptoms will be selected as follows: Fever, including the fever of unknown origin (FUO); Edema, the differential diagnosis of edema; Pain: headache, thoracalgia and celialgia; Cough, sputum and dyspnea; Bleeding: bleeding of respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract, how to determine the location and volume. The differential diagnosis of haematemesis and the hemoptysis; Hematuremia and hematochezia (Melena); The differential diagnosis of jaundice; Mental Changes: Unconsciousness, coma.Fever Edema PainDyspneaCough, sputum and hemoptysis Bleeding of gastrointestinal tractJaundiceDiarrhea Hematuria UnconsciousnessPART TWO PANDECT AND INQUIRY[Objectives]Understand diagnostics is a basic tool to get proper diagnose and give treatment Recognize the physical signs of systemic diseaseDo a preliminary evaluation of their finding and its relationship to the management of their patientUnderstand the important significance of interviewingUnderstand the content of interviewing including name, sex, residence, birth date and age, history of present illness, past medical history, family history, review of systems, etcUnderstand the basic techniques in procuring a medical history and in performing a physical examination of the patientCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryRecognize factors that facilitate or impede the process of inspectionCompare the purposes of palpation, percussion and auscultation with their appropriate techniqueIdentify appropriate equipment and associated techniques for measuring vital signsIdentify appropriate physical properties and associated techniques for using the following instruments: stethoscope, ophthalmoscope, otoscope, ruler & tape measure, electrocardiograph, spirometryPracticeIdentify appropriate physical properties and associated techniques for using the following instruments: stethoscope, ophthalmoscope, otoscope, ruler & tape measure, electrocardiograph, spirometryBring history & physical findings together to arrive at tentative diagnosis.Perform & write up a medical history & physical examination.Master and practice the skill of medical interviewing, including name, sex, residence, birth date and age, history of present illness, past medical history, family history, review of systems, etcPART THREE PHYSICAL EXAMINATIONCHAPTER 1: TECHNIQUES FOR PHYSICAL EXAMINATION [Objectives]Master the basic techniques of physical examinationBe familiar with the clinical significance of normal and abnormal signsUnderstanding how to exercise the methods of inquiry, palpation, percussion and auscultation during clinical practice. Master the skill of physical examinationCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryBasic methods of Inspection: method and clinical usingBasic methods of Palpation: Basic methods of PercussionBasic methods of Auscultation: including the stethoscopeOdors (Smelling): the value for detecting some diseasePracticePractice the skills of Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation, Odors (Smelling). Understand the basic methods.Learn how to use stethoscope CHAPER 2: GENERAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION[Objectives]Master the contents of general physical examination, the clinical significance of the abnormal finding Master the method of lymph node and how to use hemomanometer The method of general condition and skin examKnow the distribution of lymphaticsystem system, palpation of the lymph nodes, and its clinical significanceCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryThe correlation between sex, age and diseasesThe significance of vital signsHow to determine the status of development, habitus, and nutritionThe clinical significance of facial characteristics, position, posture, gait and skin eruptionMaster how to use hemomanometer; the lymph node examPracticeThe sequence of lymph node exam, and the clinical significance of lymph node enlargement Master the method of how to use hemomanometerCHAPTER 3: HEAD AND NECK[Objectives]Master the items of head and neck exam, methods and sequenceBe familiar with the clinical significance of normal state and abnormal changes.Understand the method of ophthalmoscope and the common eyeground disease The examination of the head and neckCOURSE CONTENTTheoryHead The general examination of external craniumthe examination of eye, fossa orbitalisThe movement of eyes, corneal reflex, light reflex, convergence reflex, accommodation reflexThe ear examination: auricle, acoustic duct, deaphragma auris examThe nose exam: shape and nasal vestibulePalpation of accessory nasal cavityThe examination of mouth: The grade of tonsil enlargement Parotid gland examThe examinationThe shape and movement of neckThe inspection, palpation and auscultation of cervical blood vessel The clinical significance of distended cervical vein and pulsation of cervical vein and carotid arteryThe examination of thyroid gland and trachea position,PracticePerform an examination of eyes, ears, nose, mouth and neckCHAPTER 4: CHEST AND LUNG[Objectives]Master the anatomic landmarks of chest wallMaster the imaginary lines of the chest wallMaster the topography of lung and pleuraKnow common thoracic deformity, including pigeon chest, barrel chest, etcUnderstand the breasts and nipples examinationMaster the methods and skills of inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation in lung examination; master the clinical significance of abnormal finding Master the application of inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation in lung examinationCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryMaster the inspection in lung examination, including respiratory rate, respiratory pattern, etc.Master the palpation in lung examination, including testing excursion of thorax, vibratory palpation of the lungs and pleura.Master the maneuver of direct percussion and indirect percussion.Master the maneuver lung auscultation.Know abnormal breath sounds and adventitious sounds, wheezes, crackles, bronchus, rhonchus, etc; understand their clinical significance.Know auscultation of voice sounds.PracticePractice inspection in lung examination, including respiratory rate, respiratory pattern, etc.Practice palpation in lung examination, including testing excursion of thorax, vibratory palpation of the lungs and pleura.Practice skill direct percussion and indirect percussion.Practice skill of lung auscultation.Take real auscultation of abnormal breath sounds and adventitious sounds, wheezes, crackles, bronchus, rhonchus, etc in our hospitals; understand their clinical significance. CHAPTER 5: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM[Objectives]Be able to check cardiac border correctly through inspection, palpation, and percussion.Master the mechanism and difference between S1 and S2, and understand the significance of increasing / diminishing of the heart sound.Understand the mechanism and significance of the cardiac murmurs. Be able to differentiate the systolic and diastolic murmurs.Understand the character of common arrhythmia (tachycardia, bradycardia, premature beat, atrial fibrillation).Take the blood pressure correctly; understand the significance of pressure outside the normal limits.Understand the character and the significance of the vascular signMaster the application of inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation in cardiac examinationCOURSE CONTENTSHeartInspectionPalpationPercussionAuscultationVesselShape, rate and rhythm of the pulseRelationship of the intensity with the vascular wallWater hammer pulse (Corrigan’s pulse) and Paradoxical pulseCapillary pulsationDeficit pulseTaking of blood pressure and significance of the pressureSigns of the common diseases (mitral stenosis, heart failure)Mitral stenosisMitral regurgitationAortic stenosisAortic regurgitationCHAPTER 6: ABDOMEN EXAMINATION [Objectives]Know the corresponding relationship of the superficial line and subdivisions with the abdominal viscera.Master the method of the abdomen examination; be able to identify the normal and abnormal sign. Be familiar with the signs and the clinical meanings of the common abdomen diseases.Master the method of the abdomen examination (especially the palpations of the liver and the spleen).COURSE CONTENTSTheoryThe surface landmarks of the abdomen and subdivisions of the AbdomenExamination of the Abdomen.InspectionPalpationPercussionAuscultationThe Main Symptoms and Signs of the Common Abdominal Disease: Gastroduodenal ulcers, acute peritonitis, masses, etc.PracticeExamine each other and practice the method with the teacher’s guidance after the classes.Observe the abnormal signs of the abdomen in clinical practice. Check the patients if conditions permit.Discuss the symptoms and signs of the typical cases in groups.Write down the records of history and the physical examination of the abdominal disease after study and practice. CHAPTER 7: ANUS, RECTUM and GENITALS [Objectives]Be familiar with the examination method and the clinical signification of the pathological changes of the anus and genitals.[Contents]AnusInspection: Recognize the anal fissure, external hemorrhoid, hedrosyrinx, proctoptosis, etc.Method and matters needing digital palpation.Male Genitals: The development or abnormality of penis, phimosis, ulcer. CHAPTER 8: SPINE AND EXTREMITIES[Objectives]Master the typical method of spine and extremities examination Be familiar with the clinical signification of the pathological changes of the spine and extremities examination.The method and contents of the spine and extremities examinationCOURSE CONTENTSTheorySpine: Physical curves, deformities, tenderness, Percussion tenderness, restricted mobility.Extremities: The abnormal position and configuration: joint denaturation, acromegaly, edema, venous distention of lower limbs, acropachy, koilonychias, movement obstacle, joint disease.Movement obstacle: Paralysis of limbs, restricted mobility, tremor, tetany, etc. PracticeExamine each other and practice the method with the teacher’s guidance after the classes.Observe the abnormal signs of the spine and extremities in clinical practice. Check the patients if conditions permit.Write down the records of the physical examination of the spine and extremities after study and practice. CHAPTER 9: THE NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION[Objectives]Know the contents and methods of the neurological examination (sensory, motor, autonomic nervous function).The cranial nerves: 12 pairs of cranial nerves, especially control the central and peripheral injuries of the facial nerve and the hypoglossal nerve.Master the method and the clinical meanings of the sensory function examination and the nervous reflexes.The exam method and the clinical signification of meningeal irritation Master the methods of the neurological examination: The focal points are the methods of superficial reflexes, deep reflexes and pathologic reflex. COURSE CONTENTSTheoryExplain the method of examination of the reflexes and significance of pathologic reflexes.Superficial Reflexes: Corneal sensitivity, abdominal wall reflex, cremasteric reflex, plantar reflex.Deep Reflexes: biceps reflex, triceps reflex, brachioradialis reflex, Patellar reflex (knee jerk), Achilles tendon reflex (ankle jerk)Pathologic Reflex.Pyramidal Tract Signs:Meningeal stimulation sign:PracticeExamine each other and practice the method with the teacher’s guidance after the classes.Observe the abnormal signs of the neurological system in clinical practice. Check the the patients if conditions permit.Write down the records of the physical examination of the neurological system after study and practice.PART FOUR INSTRUMENT EXAMINATIONCHAPTER 1: ECG[Objectives]Master the significance and mechanism of the waves. Master the normal range of waves or segment of normal ECG.Be familiar with the characteristics of abnormal ECG.Understand the electrophysiology of the heartMaster the skill of analyzing the normal and typical abnormal ECGCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryThe mechanism and leads of ECGThe characteristics of normal ECG, and the measuring of waves and segments of ECG Clinical use of ECGAnalysis method of ECGCommon abnormal ECGHypertrophy in left or right atrium, and ventricle.Premature beatTachycardiaAtrial fibrillationAtrial ventricular blockFascicular blockMyocardial infarctionPractice Analyze the normal and typical abnormal ECG under the direction of teacherWrite the report of ECGCHAPTER 2: LUNG FUNCTION TESTS[Objectives]Understand the mechanism of spirometry; understand the approach methodsMaster the clinical significance of lung function testsMaster the mechanism of ventilatory function, master the methods of ventilatory function determinationCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryUnderstand the conceptions of total lung capacity, tidal volume, vital capacity, residual volume, functional residual capacity.Master the methods and clinical significance of ventilatory function measurement.Understand the methods and clinical significance of diffusion capacity.PracticeMeasure the ventilatory function and diffusion capacity of him selves and his classmates using spirometry. CHAPTER 3: ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION[Objectives]Learn the principal of ultrasonic diagnosis, Learn the typical image in occupied diseases Learn the typical image of cardiac inner structure, valvular heart diseases, the pericardial effusion and congenital cardiovascular defects.COURSE CONTENTSPhysical fundament and basic diagnostic principal of ultrasonic examination, Clinical applications of ultrasound.The diseases of liver and gallbladder and kidneyThe valvular heart dideases, pericardial diseases, congenital cardiovascular defects.PART FIVE MEDICAL WRITING[Objectives]Master the basic principle of medical record writing: form, contents, and announcements.Be familiar with the common medical records writing.Be familiar with the clinical diagnosis and treatment of disease, teaching, research and the legal aspects of records.Understands the medical record writing of the first time progress note and out-patient clinicMaster the skill of how to make a medical record clearly, in right form and faithfully record the clinical circumstanceCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryThe importance of medical writingThe principals of medical writingThe format and issues of medical recordPracticeClinical probation: to practice the inquiry and clinical data collectionWrite a full medical record based on the real patient in the hospital in 24 hoursEvaluate and modify the medical record in class PART SIX DIAGNOSIS THEORY[Objectives]Master the basic principle of making a diagnosis, the line of making a diagnosis. The category, contents and format of clinical diagnosis.Be familiar with the reason of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.Understanding the common line of thought of how to make a diagnosis.According to the clinical practice, to be familiar with the relationship between clinical significance and the symptoms and signs, establishing the approach of making a diagnosisCOURSE CONTENTS Theory Short introduce of how to making a diagnosisThe process and approach of making adiagnosisCollecting, settling, and analyzing the clinical data.Making a primary diagnosis PracticeVisit a in-patient, practice the inquiry skillDiscuss and analyze the data collected, then making a primary diagnosis THE SYLLABUS OF OPERATIVE SURGERYApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 32 hours to study this course. Course Introduction: Operative Surgery is a basic course of Surgery, with the objectives of introducing the students to the anatomical aspects of common operations and to lay a foundation for surgery and its related courses. The Basic ObjectivesAfter this course, the students should be able to:Set up a sterile area and master sterile techniques.Be familiar with the fundamental operative manipulations and have a fundamental knowledge of anesthesia.The emphasis of this course lies on sterile techniques. Teaching Hours DistributionNO.ContentsExperiment typeTeaching Hours1Aseptic Techniquesfundamental42Basic Operative Techniquesfundamental43Venesectioncomprehensive44Procedure of opening and closing the abdomenfundamental45Reparation of gastric perforationcomprehensive46Excision of the cecumcomprehensive47Suprapubic cystostomycomprehensive48Partial resection and anastomosis of the small intestinecomprehensive4Total32CHAPTER 1: ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES[Objectives]Understand the importance of aseptic techniques; the concepts of antisepsis and sterilization; the method and the attention points for the sterilization and antisepsis of operative necessities.Know the classifications of operative incisions, the degree of the wound healing; the special preparation for the surgeon to continue with another operation and the preparation for first-aid operations.Master the classifications of the surgical operations, according to the degree of contamination in the operative fields.Master the general preparation of the operative staff and patient.Know the shapes and names of the basic operative instruments and master the application of common instruments.Understand the source of bacteria in the operative site and be able to apply effective methods of prevention.[Contents]General introduction: the aseptic techniques and history of aseptic techniques; the concepts of asepsis, aseptic ware, antisepsis and sterilization.The classification of operations. The record of healing following incision and the format of operative records.The source of bacteria in the operative site and its prevention:Air.nasopharynx.Skin.Operative necessities.Infective region and incision of an organ with a cavity.The method of sterilization and antisepsis for operative instruments.Sterilization: Steam sterilization, boiling sterilization and open flame sterilization; the idiographic method and attention points for the sterilization of the operative instruments.Antisepsis: the effective concentration of various disinfectants and the idiographic method and attention points for the disinfection of operative instruments.Preparation of personnel for operation.General preparation: cap and mask.Scrubbing: scrubbing with soap and soaking with alcohol or bromogera mine; scrubbing with povidin-iodine.Gowning; gloving.The method of changing clothes and scrubbing for another operation and an emergency operation.The preparation of the operative site.The preparation of the operative-site skin.The scope of disinfection, methods and attention points for the operative site skin.The importance and significance of draping, principles, methods and attention points.The aseptic requirements during the course of an operation.The scope of an aseptic site.Delivering the ware on the stable.Dealing with a broken glove and contamination.Dealing with contaminated ware.The exchange of surgeons and the requirements for visitors.CHAPTER 2: BASIC OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES[Objectives]Know the main content of the basic operative techniques: incision, dissection, hemostasis, tying knots, suture, drainage, cutting and removing sutures.Know the types of knots.Be skilled in the method of one hand tie (right hand) and instrument tie.Master the idiographic operative technique of incision, suture, hemostasis by ligation, cutting and removing sutures.The function and position of the operative staff. [Contents]IncisionThe principle and requirements of incisions.The method of incisions according to the different layers: skin and subcutaneous tissues, muscle, nerves, vessels, and peritoneum.DissectionThe concept of dissection.The classification of dissection: sharp incision and blunt incision.The application of sharp and blunt dissections.SutureThe concept of suturing.The principle of suturing.The method of suturing and its application:Simple closure: interrupted suture, continual suture, blanket suture, figure of eight suture and tension relaxing suture.Inverting suture: Connell suture, Cushing suture, Lembert suture, and purse-string suture.Everting suture: vertical mattress suture and horizontal mattress suture.Ligation The importance of ligation.The classifications of ligation: simple Knots, square Knots, triple Knots, surgical Knots, slip Knots, false Knots.The common methods for ligation: by single hand (usually by right hand), two hand tie, and instrument tie. HemostasisThe importance of hemostasis.The common methods for hemostasis: Hemostasis by tying, Hemostasis by packing and pressure, Hemostasis with local medicine, Hemostasis by electric coagulation, Hemostasis with a tourniquet.Cutting sutures and removing sutures: the methods and attention points during cutting sutures; the time, methods and attention points for the time of removing sutures.Drainage:The importance and application of drainage.The principle of drainage and how to choose the drainage materials.The common drainage materials: a strip of rubber, gauze strip, rubber tube, and cigarette drain.Exposure of the operative site.The importance of exposure.The factors which can affect the exposure of operative site.CHAPTER 3: VENESECTION[Objectives]Master the combination of sharp and blunt dissections via the two operations: tracheotomy and exposure of the femoral artery. Know the structure of the femoral triangle and the relationship between the femoral artery, femoral vein and femoral nerves.Get training of the routine procedures of venesection.Become familiar with the procedure of tracheotomy and the exposure of the femoral artery.[Contents]Exposure of the femoral arteryAnatomy: the structure of the femoral triangle and the relationship between the femora artery, vein and nerves. The application of femoral artery, vein femoral and femoral nerves.The procedure.VenotomyThe application of venectomy.The procedure.CHAPTER 4: PROCEDURE OF OPENING AND CLOSING THE ABDOMEN[Objectives] Know the structure, blood supply, nerve control and lyphocinesia of the Anterior abdominal wall.Master the principle of choosing an incision type, master the classification and application of common incisions of the abdomen.[Contents]Anatomy: the tissue structure, blood supply, nerve control and lyphocinesia of the anterior abdominal wallThe principles of choosing an incisionClassification and application of common incisions of the abdomenVertical: median incision, paramedian incision, transtectus incision and pararectus incision Oblique: Mcburney`s incision and subcostal incisionThe union incisionThe procedure of abdominal incisions (instance: transrectus incision)CHAPTER 5: REPARATION OF GASTRIC PERFORATION[Objectives]Training of the sterile technical manipulations.Practice of the procedures of the opening and closing of the abdominal cavity.Training of the routine procedures of the reparation of gastric perforations.[Contents]Anatomy of the stomachReparation of gastrointestinal perforation and suture method.CHAPTER 6: EXCISION OF THE CECUM[Objectives]Master the anatomic structure and position of the appendix.Practice the routine procedures for appendectomy (imitating human appendectomy) by excision of the cecum.Master the anatomic structure of the McBurney’s incision.[Contents]Anatomy: know the condition and structure, position and vermiform, blood supply and nerve control and lyphocinesia of the appendixThe classification of appendectomy: direct appendectomy and antidromic appendectomy.Direct “appendectomy”CHAPTER 7: SUPRAPUBIC CYSTOSTOMY[Objectives]Training of the fundamental surgical techniques.Practice of the procedures of opening and closing the abdominal cavity.Training of the routine procedures of suprapubic cystostomy.[Contents]The anatomical relationship between the bladder and the peritoneumThe manipulation of suprapubic cystostomy.CHAPTER 8: PARTIAL RESECTION AND ANASTOMOSIS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE[Objectives]Revision of the anatomy of the small intestineMaster the method and principle of partial resection Master the procedure, method and attention points for anastomosis of the small intestine (end to end)Master the combination of basic operative techniques, especially the techniques of inverting sutures.[Contents]Anatomy: the position, modality, and blood supply of the small intestineThe classification of anastomosis of the small intestine: end to end, end to side, and side to sideThe process of partial resection and anastomosis of the small intestine (end to end) for dogs.REFERENCES1. Luo Junsheng，Textbook of Clinical skills，20112. HYPERLINK "; \t "vData" Ao Dingchun, An Expermental Guide of Surgical Operative, 20013. Wu Zaide, Textbook of Surgery, 7th Edition, 2008THE SYLLABUS OF INTERNAL MEDICINEApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 194 hours to study this course. The study of theory consists of 106 hours and the clinical practice take up 88 hours. Course Introduction:Internal medicine is an important clinical subject, which has the characteristics of broad scope and consolidated integrity. It’s the base of all the other clinical subjects and associated with many basic and clinical materials. Internal medicine does with physiology and pathophysiology of every system and organ of human being, and concerns about etiology, pathogenesis, clinical feature, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, which has the general senses in clinical theories and practices and therefore be the foundation of learning and mastering other clinical subjects.In the present syllabus, materials will include: Introduction, Respiratory System, Circulatory System, Nephrology System, Endocrine System, Digestive System, Hematology System and Immunology System.The Basic Objectives:The mission of teaching internal medicine includes basic theories and knowledge of prevalent internal diseases, training in basic skills and introduction of seldom but classic diseases. For the terms “master”, “be familiar with” and “understand”, teachers will give “detailed”, “general” and “key pointed” explanation. During the teaching course, teachers will introduce some advancements of modern medicine, will encourage students, in accordance to Practices, to learn by themselves and exchange their opinions, will culture students to think, analyze, and solve problems independently.Teaching – learning methodology：The method includes lecture, ward visit, and laboratory practice. Teachers will prepare teaching plan previously and use multimedia teaching-tools to accentuate simplicity and improve teaching effects.PART ONE INTRODUCTION[Objectives]Master the definition and scope of internal medicine.Master the aims and methodology of learning internal medicine.Understand the advancements of internal medicine.[Teaching Hours]Lecture: 2 teaching hours[Contents]Understand the changes of internal medicine materials in new medical mode.Understand the sense of culturing correct medical thinking modePART TWO RESPIRATORY SYSTEM[Objectives]This part can provide a solid understanding and knowledge of the structure and function of the respiratory system, provide an understanding of the mechanisms of common respiratory disease states and their treatment, enable students to become aware of the public health issues e.g. cigarette smoking, environmental pollution, primary health care, disease prevention, as they relate to the respiratory system and foster the professional development of students to become doctors responsive to the needs of the community as well as the individual patient.Teaching Hours DistributionNo.ContentslecturePracticeChapter 1Introduction of respiratory system1Chapter 2Acute upper respiratory tract infection11Chapter 3Asthma21Chapter 4Chronic bronchitis andobstructive emphysema31Chapter 5Chronic pulmonary heart disease21Chapter 6Pneumonia21Chapter 7Lung abscess2Chapter 8Tuberculosis3Chapter 9Respiratory failure21Total186CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM[Objectives]Master the structure and function of respiratory system, know status in quo of the respiratory diseases and expect future of respiratory disease treatmentEnable students to be familiar with the physiology and pathophysiology of the respiratory system in health and disease.Detailed understanding of the development, structure and function of the respiratory tract.Master the knowledge of the aetiology and the pathogenesis of all acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory system.Master the knowledge of and skill in the various specialized diagnostic methods for examination of the respiratory tract.Master the knowledge of and skill in the various specialized therapeutic methods for treating respiratory disorders.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryStructure and function of respiratory system, know status in quo of the respiratory diseases and expect future of respiratory disease treatment.The physiology and pathophysiology of the respiratory system in health and disease.Detailed knowledge of the development, structure and function of the respiratory tract.Knowledge of the aetiology and the pathogenesis of all acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory system.Knowledge of and skill in the various specialized diagnostic methods for examination of the respiratory tract.Knowledge of and skill in the various specialized therapeutic methods for treating respiratory disorders.Knowledge of the prevalence and the epidemiology of respiratory disorders, including the long-term prognosis of chronic diseases.Knowledge of the organizational aspects of care for chronic respiratory diseases, including rehabilitation programs, as well as relevant psychosocial aspects.Various legal aspects of respiratory disease.Knowledge of and practical experience in planning, conducting, evaluating and publishing research projects.The ethical aspects.PracticeClinical history, symptoms, signs, lab examinations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention principles of common respiratory diseasesThe trainee should master the assessment of lung function testing, including: Airway resistance, Bronchoprovocation testing, Long-term monitoring of breathing. CHAPTER 2: ACUTE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION[Objectives]Master the clinical character, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common cold, viral pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, herpangina, pharynx-conjunctiva fever, bacilus pharynx-tonsillitis.Understand the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment.Understand the main virus and bacillus causing this disease, preventive measurement.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryDefinition, the etiology and pathogenesis, epidemiology: droplet infection way, pathology, clinical presentation, laboratory examination, complication, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, prevention.PracticeThe clinical character, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of common cold, viral pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, herpangina, pharynx-conjunctiva fever, bacilus pharynx-tonsillitis. CHAPTER 3: ASTHMA[Objectives]Master the etiologic mechanism of asthma, know its pathological traits.Understand the difference between endogenous and extraneous asthma.Be familiar with lung function test for this diseaseCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryDiagnosis and differential diagnosis:Treatment:Prevention:PracticeLung function test for this diseaseCHAPTER 4: CHRONIC BRONCHITIS AND OBSTRUCTIVE EMPHYSEMA[Objectives]Master the definition of the two diseases; understand the important significance of prevention and treatment.Be familiar with the etiology, mechanism and regular rule of development.Master clinical features, prevention and treatment methods of the two diseases.Understand the prevention of chronic bronchitis and emphysema; understand the significance of stop smokingUnderstand the X-ray examination: Need something like: Perform or use to make it clear radiographic evidence of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.Understand the laboratory examination: routine test of sputum and blood, sputum culture and drug-sensitive testUnderstand the lung function characteristics of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryEtiology and mechanism: Indicate that it is unknown completely the etiology and mechanism of chronic bronchitis; it is probably due to interaction of multiple factors internal or external organisms emphasize the relationship between onset and internal as well as external factors.Pathology: Primary pathologic changes of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Indicate intimate relationship between them.Pathophysiology: Emphasize to elucidate ventilation dysfunction, ventilation-perfusion ratio mismatching and pulmonary hypertension developmentClinical features: Three primary symptoms: cough, sputum, dyspnea and correlated signsComplications: Cor pulmonale: acute lung infection, primary pneumothorax etc.Associated examinationTreatment of pneumoniaStaphylococcal pneumoniaElucidate clinical type, pathologic characterization, clinical features, diagnosis point and treatment of gold staphylococcal pneumoniaK lebsiella pneumoniaThe one is the most common disease in the gram-negative bacillus pneumonia, pathologic characterization, clinical features, diagnosis point and treatmentLegionnaire’s pneumoniaElucidate legionnaire’s pneumonia is a systemic disease with predominant pneumonia’s symptoms, it is caused by gram-negative bacillus legionella pneumophila, clinical features, diagnosis point and treatmentMycoplasma pneumoniaBriefly introduce pathologic characterization, diagnosis point and treatment of Mycoplasma pneumoniaPracticeClinical featuresThree primary symptoms: Cough sputum, dyspnea and correlated plicationsCor pulmonale: acute lung infection, primary pneumothorax etc.Associated examinationCHAPTER 5: CHRONIC PULMONARY HEART DISEASE[Objectives]Master the clinical character, diagnosis and management to heart failure of chronic pulmonary heart disease during exacerbation and remission period, the importance and specific measurement to prevent and cure during remission period.Understand the episode principle of pulmonary hypertension, the principle of acid-base imbalance and electrolyte disturbance within chronic pulmonary heart disease.Understand that it is a general disease of pulmonary dysfunction; understand the prevention and care.Master the reasons of pulmonary hypertension:Lung arteriole spasm and contraction(function factor), hypoxia and acidosis are major factorLung capillary bed decreased, lung arteriole sclerosis inflammation emphraxis, pneumatocele damaged lung capillary bed (dissection factor)Blood volume increased is complementation factorCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryEtiological factorIncidence prognosis and pathologyThe reasons of pulmonary hypertensionThe resons of right ventricle hypertrophy, dilatation and failureClinical situationLung Cardiac function compensation periodDecompensate period of lung Cardiac functionLaboratory examinationDiagnosis and differential diagnosisTherapyPreventionPracticeLaboratory examinationBlood test, X-ray, ECG, vector, ultrasonic cardiogram, function of liver and kidney, blcod gas analysis, blood biochemical examination.CHAPTER 6: PNEUMONIA[Objectives]Master the etiology, pathology, clinical presentation and diagnosis of pneumococcus pneumonia.Be familiar with the important point of staphylococcal pneumonia, klebsiellar pneumonia, mycoplasmal pneumonia and diagnosis of legionella pneumoniaMaster the prevention and cure of the various types of pneumonia.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryIntroductionEtiological factor and pathologyClinical situationComplicationDiagnosis and differential diagnosisTherapyPracticeLaboratory examination and X-ray manifestation:Characteristics of sputum,special X-ray manifestationCHAPTER 7: LUNG ABSCESS[Objectives]Master clinical features, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of lung abscessBe familiar with the etiology, pathogenesis and mechanism.Master the types of lung abscess:Aspiration lung abscess is mostly caused by AnaerobiumGold staphylococcus is the common organism of lung abscess blooded-fromSecondary lung abscessCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryIntroductionLung abscess formationEtiology and mechanismThe onset of lung abscess has three typesAspiration lung abscess is mostly caused by AnaerobiumGold staphylococcus is the common organism of lung abscess blooded-fromSecondary lung abscessPathologyClinical features: Fever, character and quantity of expectoration, sign of lung consolidation, chronic lung abscess finger (toe) clubbingLaboratory examination: Character of sputum, culture of bacteria culture and X-ray examinationDiagnosis: Clinical features and character of X-ray examinationTreatment: Antibiotics and surgeryPracticeClinical features and character of X-ray examinationCHAPTER 8: TUBERCULOSIS[Objectives]Master the process of occurrence and development, the relation with immunity forces and abnormality reaction, diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Be familiar with the characteristics of chest X-ray of tuberculosis and with the relation of pathology variety, the examine method of the tubercle bacillus, the principle and method of preventing the tuberculosis, the inoculating of BCG vaccine.Understand the tuberculin test: the dose of tuberculin, the significance of positive and negative reactionUnderstand phlegm tubercle bacillus examinationUnderstand chest X-ray and CT check of the disease.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryIntroductionEtiology and mechanismPathologyClinical features: Commonly symptom (whole body, breath way) and features, should notice parts of patients have and no the typical clinical performanceLaboratory examinationDiagnosis and differential diagnosisTreatmentPreventionPracticeLaboratory examination:Tuberculin test: the dose of tuberculin, the significance of positive and negative reactionPhlegm tubercle bacillus examinationChest X-ray, CT check. CHAPTER 9: RESPIRATORY FAILURE[Objectives]Master etiology and the pathologic physiology changes.Master blood gas analysis, the principle of acid-base imbalance and electrolyte disturbance.Master respiratory failure clinical presentation treatment principle.Be familiar with the types of respiratory failure: I, IICOURSE CONTENTSTheoryIntroduction: Definition of respiratory failureEtiology and classPathophysiologyClinical features: Present every systems of the bodyDiagnosis: Blood gas analysisTreatmentPrevention: Prevent primary diseasePracticeClinical features: Present every systems of the bodyDiagnosis: Blood gas analysisPART THREE CIRCULATION SYSTEMIC DISEASE[Objectives]This course includes cardiomyopathy, hypertension, coronary artery disease, myocarditis, heart failure, arrhythmia, pericardial disease, endocarditis, valvular heart disease. Through the study, the students should: Master the diagnosis and medicine therapy of hypertension; diagnosis, therapeutic principle and complication of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction; diagnosis and medicine therapy of heart failure; electrocardiogram character and therapeutic principle of arrhythmic emergency. Understand the manifestation of cardiomyopathy, pericardial disease, valvular heart disease, some arrhythmia, and some progresses in coronary artery disease, arrhythmia therapy, for example interventional therapy.TEACHING HOURS DISTRIBUTIONNo.ContentsTheoryPracticeChapter 1Heart failure21Chapter 2Arrhythmia41Chapter 3Hypertension21Chapter 4Coronary artery disease51Chapter 5Valvular heart disease31Chapter 6Pericardial disease2Chapter 7Endocarditis1Chapter 8Cardiomyopathy and myocarditis2.51Chapter 9Common congenital heart disease0.5Total226CHAPTER 1: HEART FAILURE[Objectives]Master clinical feature, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of heart failure.Master the therapeutic principle of chronic heart failure, the treatment of acute heart failure, especially the medical treatment.Understand etiology and pathophysiologic character of heart failure.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryDefinition:Classification: chronic and acute heart failure, left and right heart failure, left, right and whole heart failure.PracticeDiagnosis and treatment of chronic left heart failure1.1 CHRONIC HEART FAILURECONTENTSEtiology: myocardial lesion systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, pressure overload, filling constriction.Provocation: infection, overwork, emotional excitation, severe arrhythmia, anemia, pregnancy, and parturition, abnormal metabolism, and concomitant disease, iatrogenic factor.Pathophysiology: mechanism, neuroendocrine, remodeling.Clinic manifestation:Examination: Diagnosis: Differential diagnosis:Prevention and treatment1.2 ACUTE LEFT HEART FAILURECONTENTSEtiology: acute myocardial infarction, hypertension emergency, acute myocarditis, severe arrhythmiaPathophysiology: left ventricular output decreases, LVEDP increases, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increasesClinic manifestation: abrupt dyspnea, orthopnea, sweat, anxious, cough, pink frothy sputum, high/low BP, tachycardia, gallop, pulmonary ralesExamination: chest X-ray, blood gas analysis, hemodynamic monitorDiagnosis and differential diagnosis: bronchial asthma, pulmonary embolismTherapyCHAPTER 2: COMMON ARRHYTHMIA[Objectives]Master etiology, clinical character, diagnosis and treatment principle of arrhythmia, ECG character and diagnosis.Understand the treatment of pacemaker, radiofrequency catheter ablation.The use of defibrillatorCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryDefinition, etiology, mechanism, diagnosis, clinic manifestation, principle of treatment of common and malignant arrhythmiaThe use of defibrillator, the indication of pacemakerThe common arrhythmia:Sinus arrhythmia: sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, sick sinus syndrome, sinus arrhythmiaAtrial arrhythmia: atrial tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutterPSVTVentricular arrhythmia: premature ventricular contraction, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillationAtrioventricular blockBundle branch blockTherapy:The principle of tachycardia and bradycardia arrhythmiaThe common antiarrhythmia drugsNonmedical therapy: electrical defibrillator, RFCA, pacemaker, surgery, ICDPracticeSinus tachycardiaSick sinus syndromeAtrial flutter / fibrillationVentricular tachycardiaPremature atrial / ventricular contractionAtrial ventricular blockCoronary artery disease (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction)Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardiaCHAPTER 3: ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION[Objectives]Master the classification, the diagnosis and therapy of the essential hypertension. Master the treatment of hypertensive crisis.Understand the etiology, differential diagnosis, risk classification, prognosis, target organ damage.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryDefinitionEpidemiologyDifferential diagnosis: hypercortisolism, pheochromocytoma, aldosteronism, glomerular nephritis, coarctation of aorta, renal artery stenosisClassification:Target organ demageTharepyTarget blood pressureNonmedical treatment: relax, avoiding excessive stress, sodium restriction, physical training, weight reduction, quit smokingAntihypertensive medicines:treatment of hypertensive emergencyPracticeDiagnosis and treatment of essential hypertensionCHAPTER 4: ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE[Objectives]Master the risk factor, classification of coronary artery disease.Master the classification, clinic manifestation, diagnosis, treatment of angina pectoris.Master the diagnosis, clinic manifestation, complication, treatment of myocardial infarction.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryPathogenic factor: atherosclerosis, coronary spasm, abnormal coronary origin, embolismRisk factor: hypertension, hyperlipemia, diabetes mellitus, cigarette, age, gender, family historyClassification: angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, latent coronary artery disease, heart failure, sudden death,arrhythmiaAcute coronary syndrome: STEACS, NSTEACSAngina pectoris:MechanismClinic manifestationClassification: stable and unstable angina pectoris (initial onset angina pectoris, accelerated angina pectoris, angina decubitus, Prinzmetal’s variant angina pectoris, postinfarction angina pectoris)Examination: ECG, cardiac enzyme, CAG, nuclide imagine, UCG, exercise testDiagnosisTherapy: general therapy, medicine, PCI, CABGAcute myocardial infarctionManifestationExamination: ECG, cardiac enzyme, CAGDiagnosis and differential diagnosis: pulmonary embolism, aortic dissection, cardiomyopathy, etcComplication: cardiac rupture, arrhythmia, heart failure, sudden death, chest painTherapy: thrombolysis, medicine (nitrate, heparin, ACEI, β blocker, antiplatelet drugs, statin), PCI, CABG; the methods of revascularization, indication and contraindicationTreatment of complicationTherapeutic principle by the classification of ACSPracticeDiagnosis and treatment of angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarctionCHAPTER 5: VALVULAR HEART DISEASES[Objectives]Master the pathophysiology, manifestation, complication of mitral stenosis, aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation, aortic regurgitation.Understand the etiology and diagnostic methods of the valvular heart diseases.Understand the therapeutic principle of valvular heart disease.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryThe epidemiology of valvular heart diseaseCommon valvular heart diseaseMitral stenosis:Mitral regurgitation:Aortic stenosisAortic regurgitation:Main complication:Congestive heart failureInfective endocarditisArrhythmiaEmbolismTherapyMedicalSurgeryMultivalvular heart disease CHAPTER 6: PERICARDIAL DISEASE[Objectives]Master the clinical manifestation, diagnosis and the principle of management of the acute pericarditis.Understand the etiology and pathology of pericarditis. COURSE CONTENTSTheoryEtiology: bacterial infection, fungal infection, viral infection, parasite infection, noninfective, rheumatic, uremia, neoplastic, autoimmune disorders, trauma and chemic causes, idiopathic.Acute pericarditis: manifestation, chest pain, pericardial friction rubs and sound, ECGPericardial effusion: chest pain, cough, nausea; cardiac dullness border enlarge, cardiac impulse decrease and cardiac sound lessens, Kussmaul sign, dilation of liver, ascites, edemaPericardial tamponade: Etiology: acute pericarditis, acute myocardial infarction, ventricular wall rupture, trauma, rupture of aortic sinus aneurysm, aortic dissectionManifestation: chest pain, low blood pressure, shock, tachycardia, dyspnea, cough, nauseaTherapy: pericardiocentesis, management of protopathyConstrictive pericarditis: EtiologyManifestation: dyspnea, cough, anorexy, fatigue, pericardial knock, dilation of jugular veins, Kussmaul sign, paradoxical pulse, dilation and tenderness of liverDiagnosis and differential diagnosis: portal cirrhosis, cardiac cirrhosis, right heart failure constrictive cardiomyopathy CHAPTER 7: INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS[Objectives]Master the pathogen, manifestation and therapeutic principle of endocarditisUnderstand the pathophysiology, laboratory examination of endocarditisCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryDefinition and classificationEtiology, pathogen, and pathophysiology: common bacteria, structure features of vegetations , embolism and abscess caused by falling off of the vegetationsManifestation: infective symptom, new cardiac murmur, embolism, Osler node, petechiaLaboratory examination: hemoculture, UCG, blood and urine routineDiagnosis and differential diagnosisTreatment: choice of antibiotics and surgical operation indication CHAPTER 8: CARDIOMYOPATHY AND MYOCARDITIS[Objectives]Master the clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment principle of idiopathic cardiomyopathy and myocarditis.Master the classification of cardiomyopathy and myocarditis.Understand the pathology of cardiomyopathy.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryDefinition and clinical classification of idiopathic cardiomyopathyDilated cardiomyopathyHypertrophic cardiomyopathyMyocarditisPracticeDiagnosis and treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy CHAPTER 9: COMMON CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE[Objectives]Understand the classification, clinical manifestation and treatment of congenital heart disease.Understand the prognosis of congenital heart disease.COURSE CONTENTSThe classification, manifestation, and therapeutic principle of congenital heart diseasePART FOUR GASTROENTEROLOGY[Objectives]The main characteristic of the gastrointestinal tract is to form the ability of binding the medical theory with the Practice and compound comprehension of the students. The course content includes the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic, therapy, prognosis and the novel development of the common disease and the frequent disease of the gastrointestinal tract. Such as peptic ulcer, inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, cirrhosis, liver cancer and hepatic encephalopathy, etc.TEACHING HOURS DISTRIBUTIONNo.ContentsTheoryPractice1Introduction12Gastritis20.53Peptic ulcer214Functional Gastrointestinal Disease20.55Intestinal Tuberculosis and Tuberculous Peritonitis20.56Cirrhosis of the Liver317Hepatic Encephalopathy20.58Primary Carcinoma of the Liver10.59Ulcerative Colitis2110Crohn’s disease20.5Total186Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION[Objectives]Grasp the diagnosis principle and treatment for gastroenterology diseases.To be familiar with the field of clinical gastroenterology, relation to other clinical departments and clinical importance of gastroenterology diseases.Understand the development and direction of gastroenterology in the world.COURSE CONTENTSThe physiology and pathophysiology of gastroenterology.The etiology and pathology of gastroenterology diseases.The diagnostics and differential diagnostics of gastroenterology diseases.The prevention and cure principle of gastroenterology diseases.CHAPTER 2: GASTRITIS[Objectives]Grasp the clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Be familiar with the classification of chronic gastritis and the etiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of acute gastritis.Understand the mechanism, pathology and prognosis.2.1 ACUTE GASTRITISCOURSE CONTENTSIntroduction: The most common type is acute simple gastritis, which is often companied with acute gastroenteritis or general infection.Etiological factors and mechanisms: Chemical and physical factors, microbial infection, or bacterial toxin. The pathologic change of gastric mucosa is mainly hyperemia, edema, exudation, mild erosion spot hemorrhage, leucocyte infiltrating in the mucosa.Clinical symptoms: General symptoms and ones in the digestive tract. Enteritis can be seen when the causes are bacteria infection or their toxin. The course is self-limited and can disappear in days.Diagnosis: The course, the symptoms and the signsDifferentiation2.2 CHRONIC GASTRITISCOURSE CONTENTSIntroduction: Definition, incidence rate and typeEtiological factors and mechanisms: Possible factors: The continue from acute gastritis; Duodenogastric reflux; Immune factors; Infective factors (such as H. pylori)Pathology: The features of chronic erosive inflammation and chronic atrophic gastritisClinical symptoms: Many cases have no typical symptoms or signs, and part of the patients no symptoms. Corpus gastritis has different manifestation and pathophysiological processes from antrum gastritis, the latter are more often than the former.Lab findingsAnalysis of gastric juice: pentagastrin stimulating testSerum assay: Gastrin in chronic atrophic corpus gastritis is often increased moderately, while gastric acid, pepsinogen, and intrinsic factor excretion decreased. Serum PCA often positive (>75%); In contrast, gastrin in antrum gastritis is decreased.Digestive tract X-ray findings of Barium: That of antrum gastritis may be similar with gastric cancer. Endoscope and biopsyDiagnosis: Mainly depending on endoscope and biopsy, while the course, symptoms and X-ray findings no specificity.Prevention and treatmentEliminate the etiological factorsDrugsOperationCHAPTER 3: PEPTIC ULCER[Objectives]Grasp the clinical situation, diagnosis and treatment. Be familiar with the methods of eradicate H. pylori and the preventive principle of ulcer recurrence.Understand the etiological factor and episodic mechanism of the disease.COURSE CONTENTSIntroduction: Definition, incidence of disease and epidemiologyEtiological factor and episodic mechanismThe increasing of invasive factorThe decreasing of mucosal defense factorOther factorsPathology: Common locus; quantity and size; pathological anatomy and development of ulcerClinical situationComplications: Massive hemorrhage, Penetration, Pyloric obstruction, canceration, mainly massive hemorrhageLab examDiagnosis Differential diagnosisFunctional dyspepsiaChronic gastritis and duodenal bulb inflammationGastrinomaCarcinomatous ulcerAncylostomiasisGastric mucosal prolapse syndromeTreatment CHAPTER4: FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE[Objectives]Grasp the clinical situation and diagnosis of FD and IBS. Be familiar with the treatment principle of FD and IBS. Understand the etiological factor of the disease.COURSE CONTENTSIntroduction: Definition, classification and epidemiologyEtiology and Mechanism: The exact cause of FGD is unknown.Clinical featuresDiagnosis procedure and ROME-IIITreatment principle CHAPTER 5: INTESTINAL TUBERCULOSIS AND TUBERCULOUS PERITONITIS [Objectives]Grasp the clinical features and diagnosis.Be familiar with the mechanism. Understand the complications and treatment. 5.1 INTESTINAL TUBERCULOSISCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryEtiology and MechanismPathologyClinical featuresComplications: Tuberculous Peritonitis, obstruction, hemorrhage, perforationAssistant ExaminationDiagnosis and Differential diagnosisDiagnosis: age, clinical features, extraintestinal tuberculosis.Differential diagnosis: Crohn’s disease, carcinoma, lymphoma, amoebiasis.Treatment5.2 TUBERCULOUS PERITONITIS COURSE CONTENTSTheoryEtiology and MechanismPathologyClinical featuresAssistant ExaminationDiagnosis and Differential diagnosisDiagnosis: age, clinical features, extraintestinal tuberculosis, diagnostic treatmentDifferential diagnosis: mass, fever, ascites, abdominal painTreatment CHAPTER 6: CIRRHOSIS OF LIVER[Objectives]Grasp the etiology, clinical features and diagnosis.Be familiar with the differential diagnosis and complications.Understand the mechanism and the principle of therapy.COURSE CONTENTSIntroduction: Definition, classification and epidemiologyEtiology and Mechanism PathologyClinical featuresComplicationsAssistant ExaminationDiagnosis: Diagnosis is difficult in compensation period, and mainly depends on the causes, the history, liver function, hypertention of portal vein, exams, esophagus X-ray findings of barium meal and BUS, sometimes hepatic penetration and biopsy, laparoscope is necessary.Differential diagnosisHepatomegaly: chronic hepatitis, hepatocarcinomaAscites: tuberculous peritonitis (exudation type), Carcinomatous exudation, constrictive pericarditis, massive ovarian cyst;Upper digestive tract hemorrhage: peptic ulcerHepatic coma: hypoglycemic coma, uremia,and other toxic coma etc.Different types of Cirrhosis of Liver. primary biliary cirrhosisTreatment CHAPTER 7: HEPATIC ENCEPHOLOPATHY[Objectives]Grasp clinical features, stage, diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Be familiar with etiology, pathogenesis, prevention and therapy.Understand the mechanism of Hepatic Encepholopathy.COURSE CONTENTSIntroductionEtiology and Pathogenesis Pathology: Explain briefly the changes of brain tissue under microscopy.Clinical FeaturesDiagnosis and Differential DiagnosisBasis of diagnosisNecessary examinations must be taken on patients with liver diseases who have mental symptom in order to rule out HE.Differentiate other kinds of coma such as infection of CNS, stroke, uremia, diabetic coma, hypoglycemia, hypnotic poisoning and brain-spinal tumor, etc.TreatmentGet rid of the causesEliminate production and absorbance of toxicant in intestinal tract.Remove the toxicantCorrect hydro-electrolytes and acid-base disorder especially hypokalemia.Others: Good nursing and symptomatic treatment are very important.PreventionCHAPTER 8: PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF LIVER[Objectives]Grasp the clinical features and the points of diagnosis .Be familiar with the differentiation and therapy.Understand the pathology and metastasis.COURSE CONTENTSIntroductionEtiology and Pathogenesis: No definite pathogeny, perhaps relate to hepatic virus, Aflatoxin B1 and the other chemical carcinogenic substances.PathologyClinical FeaturesComplication: Hepatic encephalopathy, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage , rupture of carcerous nodules and secondary infection.Assistant ExaminationDiagnosis: According to clinical features and assistant examination, we must pay great attention to early diagnosis and general investigation of liver carcinoma.Differential diagnosis: Differentiate among liver abcess and liver cirrosis, etc cautiously, and to eclucide the main points. Treatment CHAPTER 9: ULCERATIVE COLITIS[Objectives]Grasp the clinical symptoms, diagnosis and therapy of ulcerative colitis.Be familiar with the relative etiological factors and mechanisms.Understand the relative diagnosis and differentiation.COURSE CONTENTSIntroductionEtiological factors and mechanismsPathologyClinical symtomsIntestinal symptoms: diarrhea; abdominal pain; Signs of abdomenGeneral symptoms: fever; thinness; anemiaSymptoms out of intestine: eyes; arthron; jaundiceTypes: mild type; heavy type; fulminant typeComplication: Toxic megacolon; colorectal carcinomatous change; colorectal massive hemorrhage; acute penetration and obstructionLab findingsDiagnosis and differentiationDiagnosisDifferentiation: Chronic bacillary dysentery; amebic dysentery; Crohn’s disease; colonic cancer; radiation colitis; intestinal tuberculosis; hemic distomiasis; Ischemic colitis; IBSTreatment CHAPTER 10: CROHN’S DISEASE[Objectives]Grasp the clinical symptoms and diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease.Be familiar with the differentiation. Understand the therapy.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryEtiological factors and mechanismsPathologyClinical symptomsIntestinal symptoms: diarrhea; abdominal pain; fistula cannulas; signs of abdomenLesion around rectum and anusGeneral symptomsSymptoms out of intestine: eyes; arthron; sclerosing cholangitis; sclerosing cholangitis; splenomegaliaComplication: Intestinal obstruction; abdominal abscess; malabsorption syndrome; occational acute penetration or massive hemorrhageLab findingsDiagnosis and differentiationDiagnosis: Standard of WHODifferentiation: Intestinal tuberculosis; Ulcerative colitis; Acute appendicitis; Acute hemorrhagic cholecystitis; Cecal cancer; Hemic distomiasis; Chronic bacillary dysentery; Amebic dysentery and other infective Enteritis.TreatmentPART FIVE NEPHROLOGY[Objectives]Nephrology is part of internal medicine and clinical basic course. Because of the close correlation between the nephrology and other internal medicine, the students should not only grasp the basic theory prior to learn the general etiology and pathogenesis about urologic system, but also they should know the presentation, the laboratory findings, diagnosis and differentiation and treatment in order to be intern.The course mainly consist of the diagnosis and therapy of the common diseases, including primary glomerular diseases, secondary glomerular diseases, urinary tract infection(UTI), cute renal failure(ARF), chronic renal failure and dialysis therapy.TEACHING HOURS DISTRIBUTIONNo.ContentsTheoryPracticeChapter 1General Introduction0.5Chapter 2Primary Glomerular Disease4.52Chapter 3Secondary Glomerular Disease 11Chapter 4Acute Interstitial Nephritis0.5Chapter 5Urinary Tract Infection11Chapter 6Acute Renal Failure21Chapter 7Chronic Renal Failure 2.51Total 126CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION[Objectives]Master the main structure and function of kidney, be familiar with the common symptoms and pathogenesis of the renal diseases.Master the clinical classifications, diagnosis methods and demands, and principle of prevention and treatment.Understand the latest progress development of the subject.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryGeneral conditionsThe main construction and function of kidneyAnatomySubtle structure of the kidneyPhysical functions of the kidney Special structure and endocrine function of the kidneyCommon clinical manifestations of urinary diseases: Edema, hypertension, pain of renal region, abnormal urinationDiagnosis of urinary system diseasesRequests of diagnosis: etiology, position, pathology, and function.Methods: including special examinations, image examination and kidney biopsy.Principle of prevention and treatment: general treatment, medicine therapy, kidney replacement therapy. Extended content: progress of the subject (Domestic and foreign). CHAPTER 2: PRIMARY GLOMERULAR DISEASE[Objectives]Master the principles of clinical and pathologic classification and the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations of the primary glomerular disease.Master the manifestations of the nephrotic syndrome, the traits of different pathologies, be familiar with the pathophysiology and complication of the nephritic syndrome, and know the relation of the pathology and treatment effect.Master the treatment principle of Chronic Glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome; be familiar with the principium, indication, administration method, points for attention of the corticoid, immune suppressive drug, etc.Master the diagnosis of the Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, be familiar with the differentiation and treatment principle of the Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis.Be familiar with the clinical manifestations of the post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN), chronic glomerulonephritis, latent glomerulonephritis.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryGeneral conditions: Understand the definition and classification of the primary glomerular disease.Nephrotic syndromeDefinitionEtiology and pathogenesisPathology: teach the common pathologic types, emphasis is the minimal change nephropathyClinical manifestations (Heavy proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, high edema, hyperlipidemia) and complications (infection, thrombosis, acute renal failure etc) Diagnosis and Differentiation: Primary and secondary: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Diabetic Nephropathy, Hepatitis B virus associated Nephritis, Anaphylactoid Purpura, Multiple myeloma, and amyloidosis. Treatment: General treatment, traditional Chinese herbal medicines, Treatment of complications. Focal point is to introduce how to use the drugs (corticosteroid and cytotoxic drug)Prognosis PrognosisGlomerulonephritisGeneral conditions: Introduce the conception of the “serious diseases” of the nephritisEtiology and pathogenesis: Identify the immune reaction of the body to disease; be familiar with the immune reaction in disease, non-immune and non-inflammation lesion, local factors reaction of kidneyThe emphasis is the definition, classification, the pathological manifestations, diagnosis and treatment principle of the rapidly progressive glomerulonephritisPathological and clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differentiation and treatment principle of IgA NephropathyDefinition, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, differentiation and treatment principle of the latent and the chronic glomerulonephritisThe acute glomerulonephritis: Make the general lecturePrognosis and prevention of the glomerulonephritis: The prognosis is changeable; emphasize the importance of the prevention of the etiology and inducementPracticeShow the typical cases of the PSGN, RPGN, chronic glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy, identify the differentiation.Show the different cases of the primary nephritic syndrome with different pathologic types. CHAPER3: SECONDARY GLOMERULAR DISEASE[Objectives]Master the etiology of the secondary glomerular disease according to the pathogenesis.Master the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, is familiar with the pathologic manifestations, and treatment principle of the diabetic nephropathy.Master the clinical manifestation, diagnosis standard, is familiar with the pathologic manifestations, and treatment principle of the lupus nephritis.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryIntroduce the common cause of disease of the secondary glomerular disease.Pathogenesis, pathologic manifestations, clinical manifestations stages, diagnosis and differentiation, treatment principle of the diabetic nephropathy.Clinical manifestation, pathologic traits and classifications, diagnosis standard and treatment principle of the lupus nephritis.PracticeShow the typical cases of the secondary glomerular diseases such as diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis. CHAPTER 4: ACUTE INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS[Objectives]Master the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differentiation of acute interstitial nephritis.Be familiar with the impotence of the acute interstitial nephritis in clinic.Be familiar with the etiologic classification and the brief pathogenesis.Be familiar with the prevention principle. CONTENTSGeneral conditions: definition, emphasize the importance.Etiology and pathogenesis: Drug allergy, infection, immune-induced, accompanied by systemic disease, exclusive reaction of renal transplantation, HIV infection and atopy.Pathology: Introduce the pathologic manifestations of acute and chronic interstitial nephritis, emphasize the pathology is the key point of the diagnosis.Clinical manifestation and diagnosis:Differentiation: Treatment: Prognosis and prevention: CHAPTER 5: INFECTION OF URINARY TRACT[Objectives]Master the typical clinical manifestations, complication and the main laboratory diagnostic methods of the acute and chronic pyelonephritis.Master diagnosis evidence, differentiation and treatment principle of the acute and chronic pyelonephritis.Be familiar with the etiology, infection approach, sensitive factors, difference between relapse and reinfection of the pyelonephritis. Understand the definition and content of the urinary tract infection.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryDefinition: Identify the direct infection of the bacteria, the definition of the upper and lower urinary tract infectionsEtiology and Pathogenesis: Causative bacterium, infection approach, sensitive factorsPathology: Purulent inflammationClinical Manifestation: Different manifestations with different infective position and plicationsLaboratory examinations: Urinary routine, urinary bacterial examination, urinary cellular counts, renal function, intravenous pyelography, et al.Diagnosis and DifferentiationTreatment: Antibacterial treatment in acute period is most important, emphasize thorough treatment. Improvement of the general state is also important except antibacterial treatment in chronic period.Prognosis and prevention: Good prognosis with thorough treatment in acute period, the measurement to remove the inducement and prevent acute or chronic infection and its importancePracticeShow typical cases of acute and chronic pyelonephritis: Understand the differentiation of the upper and lower urinary tract infection further. CHAPTER 6: ACUTE RENAL FAILURE[Objectives]Master the clinical manifestation of the acute tubular necrosis, and know the mechanism of the oliguria.Master the diagnostic basis, differentiation, prevention principle of the acute tubular necrosis, is familiar with the main treatment methods.Be familiar with the acute renal failure: the common etiology and classification of the prerenal azotemia, postrenal azotemia and intrinsic renal failure. Understand the conception and the pathogenesis of the acute tubular necrosis. Understand the important position of the acute renal failure in clinic.Understand the replacement technology of acute renal failure.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryGeneral: The definition of the acute renal failure and the importance in clinic.Etiology and Classification: Briefly introduce the common etiology and classification of acute renal failure; identify the definition and pathogenesis of acute tubular necrosis (renal intoxication and hypoxia).Pathology: Briefly introduce the pathologic manifestation of acute tubular necrosis.Pathogenesis: Emphasize the pathogenesis of acute tubular necrosis—vessel relaxation and contraction obstacle, glomerular filtration rate decrease, tubular fluid reflux and tubular block, etc. Manifestation: The beginning and duration of ATN, the trait of the oliguria and polyuria, complications (emphasis is Hyperkalemia) and chemical test.Diagnosis and Differentiation:Prevention: Emphasize the prevention principle; rectify reversible factors, treatment of fluid and electrolyte disorders and acid-base disorders (emphasis is Hyperkalemia), dietary treatment and controlling infection. Know the sign of emergent dialysis and various new technology of replacement therapy. PracticeShow typical cases by different causes, emphasize the differentiation further. CHAPTER 7: CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE[Objectives]Master the clinical manifestation, diagnostic basis, main differentiation of uremia.Be familiar with the common etiology and pathogenesis of chronic renal failure, the stage of the chronic renal failure.Be familiar with the non-dialysis treatment about the principle and measurement. Be familiar with the principle of renal transplantation and various kinds of dialysis. Understand the importance of the prevention of renal failure; avoid the primary disease and the inducement actively.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryGeneral: The definition of chronic renal failure, common etiology and incidence.Pathogenesis: Mainly introduce the degeneration of renal failure and the theories of the “survival nephron”, the “trade-off hypothesis” and the “high pressure, high perfusion, high filtration”.Clinical manifestationDiagnosis and DifferentiationTreatmentPracticeShow chronic renal failure cases by different causes; emphasize the differentiation of the acute and chronic renal failure.PART SIX HEMATOLOGY[Objectives]Hematology is important part of internal medicine. At the end of the course the student should be able to master the presentation, the laboratory findings, diagnosis, differentiation and treatment about common hematological diseases and know the latest progress developments and trends of hematology.TEACHING HOURS DISTRIBUTIONChapterContentsLecturePractice Chapter 1General introduction10Chapter 2Anemia: General Aspects10Chapter 3Iron Deficiency Anemia10.5Chapter 4Megaloblastic Anemia00.5Chapter 5Aplastic Anemia20.5Chapter 6Hemolytic Anemia20.5Chapter 7Myelodysplastic Syndromes21Chapter 8Leukemia41Chapter 9Lymphoma21Chapter 10Plasma Cell Dyscrasia 10.5Chapter 11Hemorrhagic Disease10Chapter 12Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura10.5Total 186CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION[Objectives]Master the diagnostic method of hematological diseases. Be familiar with the therapeutic principle of hematological diseases.Understand the generation of blood cell and the clinical classifications of hematological diseases.The diagnostic method and procedure of hematological diseases..COURSE CONTENTSTheoryGeneral AspectsGenesis, differentiation, maturity and release of blood cell and hematopoietic system.The clinical classifications of hematological diseases: the white blood cell diseases, the red blood cell diseases, hemorrhagic diseases and so on.The diagnostic method of hematological diseases:(1).History(2).Physical Examination(3).The laboratory findingsTherapeutic principle of hematological diseasesAnemia:(2).Leukemia and Lymphoma:Hemorrhagic diseasesCHAPTER 2: ANEMIA: GENERAL ASPECTS[Objectives]Master the definition of anemia and the important significance of etiological diagnosis.Be familiar with pathogenesis, classification and therapeutic principle of anemia. Understand the clinical features of anemia.The diagnostic method and procedure of anemiaCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryGeneral Aspects: normal value and definition Classification:Clinical featuresDiagnosisDiagnostic procedureDiagnostic method Therapeutic principlesEtiological treatmentSymptomatic treatment CHAPTER 3: IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA（IDA）[Objectives]Master the diagnostic method and therapeutic principle of IDATo be familiar with ferric metabolism and pathogenesis, clinical features and the laboratory findings of IDA.Understand incidence and precaution.The morphological character of IDACOURSE CONTENTSTheoryGeneral Aspects: definition of IDA and morphological character of RBC.Ferric metabolisms:Etiology and pathogenesisClinical featuresThe laboratory findingsDiagnosis and differential diagnosisTreatmentsPrecautionPrognosisPracticeShow the typical cases of IDAKnow the morphological character of IDA by microscopeCHAPTER 4: MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA[Objectives]The definition of Megaloblastic Anemia. Etiology and pathogenesisClinical features, diagnosis and treatmentCOURSE CONTENTSPracticeShow the typical cases of Megaloblastic Anemia.Know the morphological character of Megaloblastic Anemia by microscopeCHAPTER 5: APLASTIC ANEMIA[Objectives]Master the clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Aplastic Anemia Get familiar with etiology, pathogenesis and precaution of Aplastic Anemia.Understand incidence, pathological change and prognosis.The morphological character of Aplastic AnemiaCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryGeneral Aspects: definition and character of Aplastic AnemiaEtiology: primary and secondaryPathogenesisPathology：pathological change of spleen and bone marrowClinical Features: clinical character；difference between acute AA and chronic AALaboratory findingDiagnosis and differential diagnosisTherapeutic principlePrecautionPrognosis PracticeShow the typical cases of Aplastic AnemiaKnow the morphological character of Aplastic Anemia by microscope CHAPTER 6: HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA[Objectives]Master definition, clinical features and laboratory finding of Hemolytic Anemia Master classification, clinical features, laboratory finding, diagnosis and treatment of auto immune hemolytic anemia.Get familiar with classification and diagnostic procedureUnderstand pathogenesis of Hemolytic AnemiaThe morphological character of Hemolytic Anemia aCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryGeneral Aspects: definition ClassificationPathogenesisClinical Features：clinical character；difference between acute type and chronic type Laboratory findingDiagnosis Differential diagnosisTreatmentClassification, Clinical Features, Laboratory findings, Diagnosis and Treatment of auto immune hemolytic anemia. PracticeShow the typical cases of auto immune hemolytic anemia.Know the morphological character of auto immune hemolytic anemia by microscopeCHAPTER 7: MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES (MDS)[Objectives]Master clinical features, laboratory finding and diagnostic standard of MDS Get familiar with FAB classification, differential diagnosis and treatment of MDSUnderstand WHO’s classification, etiology, pathogenesis and prognosis of MDSThe morphological character of MDSCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryGeneral Aspects: definition Etiology and Pathogenesis Clinical Features: clinical characterLaboratory findingDiagnosis and Differential diagnosisTreatmentFAB and WHO’s Classification,PracticeShow the typical cases of MDSKnow the morphological character of MDS by microscopeCHAPTER 8: LEUKEMIA[Objectives]Master etiology, classification, clinical features, laboratory finding and diagnostic standard of leukemia Get familiar with therapeutic principle of leukemiaThe morphological character of leukemia8.1 INTRODUCTIONCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryDefinitionClassificationEpidemiologyEtiology and Pathogenesis8.2 ACUTE LEUKEMIACOURSE CONTENTSTheoryClassification: FAB classification, MIC typeClinical FeaturesLaboratory findingsDiagnosisDifferential diagnosisTreatmentPrognosis8.3 CHRONIC MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIACOURSE CONTENTSTheoryClinical FeaturesLaboratory findingsDiagnosisDifferential diagnosisCourse StageTreatment8.4 CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIACOURSE CONTENTSTheoryClinical FeaturesLaboratory findingsDiagnosisTreatmentCourse and PrognosisPractice1 Show the typical cases of leukemia2 Know the morphological character of leukemia by microscope CHAPTER 9: LYMPHOMA[Objectives]Master classification, clinical features, stage and diagnostic standard of lymphoma Get familiar with diagnostic method, differential diagnosis, therapeutic principle and IPI of lymphomaCorrect position of lymph nodeCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryGeneral Aspects: definition and epidemiology Etiology and Pathogenesis Pathology and ClassificationClinical Features: clinical characterLaboratory findingDiagnosis and Differential diagnosis TreatmentPrognosisPracticeShow the typical cases of lymphomaKnow correct position of lymph node CHAPTER 10: PLASMA CELL DYSCRASIA[Objectives]Master definition, clinical features, laboratory findings and special test of Multiply Myeloma. (MM) Get familiar with classification, diagnosis and treatment of Multiply MyelomaThe morphological character of MMCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryGeneral Aspects: definition and epidemiology Etiology and Pathogenesis Clinical Features: clinical characterLaboratory findingDiagnosis and Differential diagnosis TreatmentPrognosisPracticeShow the typical cases of lymphomaKnow the morphological character of MM by microscope Chapter 11: Hemorrhagic Disease[Objectives]Master definition, hemorrhagic character and classification of hemorrhagic disease Get familiar with normal hemostasis and clotting mechanism The diagnostic procedure and therapeutic principle of hemorrhagic disease COURSE CONTENTSTheoryGeneral Aspects: definition, hemorrhagic character and classification of hemorrhagic disease Normal hemostasis and clotting mechanism DiagnosisHistoryPhysical ExaminationLaboratory findingsTherapeutic principleChapter 12: Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)[Objectives]Master definition, common cause, diagnosis and therapeutic principl of ITP Be familiar with classification, clinical features, laboratory findings and differential diagnosis of ITPThe morphological character of ITPCOURSE CONTENTSTheoryGeneral Aspects: definition and normal platelet count Etiology and Pathogenesis Clinical Features: clinical characterLaboratory findingDiagnosis and Differential diagnosis TreatmentsPractice1. Show the typical cases of ITP2. Know the morphological character of ITP by microscopePART SEVEN ENDOCRINOLOGY[Objectives]Endocrinology is an important system of Internal Medicine. The aims of Endocrinology are to learn the principles and methods for the diagnosis and management, such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, primary chronic hypercortisonism and hypocortisonism. There are 16 teaching hours. Teaching methods include lecture and clerkship. There are 12 lecture hours. In lecture hours students learn diagnosis and management of common endocrinology diseases such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, primary chronic hypercortisonism and hypocortisonism. There are 4 clerkship hours. In clerkship hours students learn the following clinical skills, include taking the history of endocrinology, physical examination and writing the history. Students also learn to management the following endocrinology diseases, such as hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, diabetes mellitus, primary chronic hypercortisonism and hypocortisonism.TEACHING HOURS DISTRIBUTIONChapterContentsLecturePracticeChapter 1Introduction20Chapter 2Thyroid disease42Chapter 3Diabetes mellitus42Chapter 4Hypercortisonism10Chapter 5Primary chronic hypocortisonism10Total124CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION[Objectives]Master the basic theory of endocrinology system’s physiology and biochemistry, endocrinology hormone’s physiology characters and relationship to the clinicMaster the diagnosis principle and treatment for endocrinology diseaseBe familiar with the field of clinical endocrinology, relation to other clinical departments and clinical importance of endocrinology diseases.Under the development and direction of endocrinology in the worldEndocrinology hormone’s physiology characters and relationship to the clinicDiagnosis principle and treatment for endocrinology diseaseCOURSE CONTENTS TheorySummarize the physiological actions and relationship to the clinic of the mainly hormone.Summarize the signification of endocrinological system, introduce the survey of endocrinology of gland, tissue and molecule.Explain how does the neural endocrinological system regulate the homeostasis, the connection between the endocrinological gland with neural system.Summarize the regulation of the axis of hypothalamus-pituitary-target’s gland, elucidate the action of the modulation and feedback of the hormones.Classification and physiology of the endocrinology diseases, the diseases can divide into hyperfunction, hypofunction and normal by function. The diseases can also divide into primary and secondary by pathological part.Particularly explain the diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism, parathyroid disease, adrenal cortex disease and adrenal medullary disease in the basis of the physiologic characters of hormone connection with the narrow classification of endocrinology. Principle of diagnosis: diagnosis of function, pathology, location and etiology. Emphasize the value of lab examination. Briefly introduce the signification of radio-immunology, immunology and image in the diagnosis of endocrinology diseases.Principles of prevention and therapy to endocrinology diseases: brief introduce three principles. Summarize the characters of operation, radiation and drugs for example with thyroid, pituitary and adrenal diseases.CHAPTER 2: THYROID DISEASE[Objectives]KnowledgeHyperthyroidismMaster the pathological and physiological changes when the thyroid secret more hormone, classification with etiology, pathogenesis of diffuse goiter with hyperthyroidism.Master the manifestation, including specific clinical phenomena, points of diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Master the treatment principles for hyperthyroidism crisis.Be familiar with well the treatment principles by drugs.Understand the characters of specific clinical types.HypothyroidismMaster the etiologic classification.Master the manifestation; include hypothyroidism of adult type, manifestation of cretinism, points of diagnosis and differential diagnosis.Master the principles of treatment to the coma of the myxedema.Understand well the replacement therapy by drug.SkillsHyperthyroidismThe manifestation and physical examination.The normal values and clinical significance of thyroid function tests.Special examinations ECT indications for thyroid.Well the treatment principles by drugs.The treatment principles for hyperthyroidism crisis.HypothyroidismThe manifestation and physical examination The normal values and clinical significance of thyroid function tests Well the replacement therapy by drugs and the principles of treatment to the coma of the myxedemaCOURSE CONTENTS TheoryHyperthyroidismDefinition and clinical characters, classification by etiology,emphasize thyroid hyperthyroidism, etiology and pathogenesis of Graves disease,introduce the nearly viewpoints of how does the autoimmune affect the hyperthyroidism.Pathology: briefly introduce the changes of pathologyManifestation: connect with the physiological action of thyroxine, elucidate the effect of high thyroxine to the hypothalamus-pituitary-target gland and other systems. Emphasize the hyperthyroidism syndrome and the characters of examination to the goiter of Graves’ disease.Specific clinical manifestation: emphasize the hyperthyroid heart disease, hyperthyroidism crisis, apathetic hyperthyroidism, T3 hyperthyroidism, hyperthyroidism in gestation, myxedema of pretibia and Graves’ophthalmopathy with norm thyroid function.Lab exam: thyroid I131 uptake,serum FT3, FT4（or TT3,TT4）and TSH,T3Suppressive test, TRH stimulation testDiagnosis and differential diagnosis: emphasize the value of illness history and signs. The diagnosis of atypical and specific type must depend on the lab examination. Differentiate with simple goiter, neurosis, heart disease, pulmonary tuberculosis and carcinoma. Therapy: commonly treatment, rest, nutrition, drugs, include pharmacological action, indication, dosage and duration, side effect, the problem of stop drugs and recrudescence. Briefly introduce the indication and point’s attention of radiology and operation and the treatment to the hyperthyroidism crisis.HypothyroidismSummarize the definition and clinical character, classification by etiology.Pathology: briefly introduce the pathological changes of thyroidManifestation: clinical character of hypothyroidism of adult type and cretinismLab exam: serum FT3,FT4（or TT3, TT4）TSH,TRH stimulation testDiagnosis and differential diagnosis: manifestation, lab exam and location. Differentiate with pituitary tumour, nephropathy syndrome and coronary heart disease. Diagnosis of Low T3 syndrome.Treatment: common treatment, replacement therapy and treatment of coma of myxedemaPracticeHyperthyroidismDefinition and manifestation emphasize the hyperthyroidism syndrome and the characters of examination to the goiter of Graves’ diseaseLab exam: thyroid I131 uptake,serum FT3, FT4（or TT3, TT4）and TSHDiagnosis and differential diagnosisCommon drugs and the treatment to the hyperthyroidism crisis HypothyroidismSummarize the definition and ManifestationDiagnosis and differential diagnosis and diagnosis of Low T3 syndromeTreatment: common treatment, replacement therapy and treatment of coma of myxedema. CHAPTER 3: DIABETES MELLITUS[Objectives]Master the etiology and classification of DM.Master the process and means of diagnosis, principles of prevention and treatment to the DM, the principles of usage of oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin.Be familiar with well the manifestation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis and principles of treatment for Diabeteic Ketoacidosis.Understand the pathologic physiology of DM; grasp the manifestation, rules of development and ordinary complications of DM.Means of diagnosis.The normal values and clinical significance of OGTT.Oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin: elucidate the pharmacological action, indication, dosage, means, drug-resistance and side effect of sulfonylurea and biguanide.How to deal with diabetes melltitus ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar coma.COURSE CONTENTS TheorySummarize: briefly introduce the basic definition. DM is a group clinical syndrome, but not simple disease. Introduce the situation, classification. Emphasize how to differentiate the type 1 DM with type 2 DM.Etiology and pathogenesis: is still unknown. Gene and environment maybe the main factors lead to DM. briefly introduce the value of virus infection , autoimmune, fat, stress and gestation in the DM. emphasize the connection between the virus infection and autoimmune with type 1 DM. fat relate to type 2 DM. introduce the theory of insulin resistance.Pathological physiology: the turbulence of glucose, protein and fat cause by insulin hyposecretion.Manifestation: emphasize metabolism syndrome, the specific clinical characters of type 1 and 2 DM. chronic complications include heart-blood vessel, kidney, eye and nervous system. Lab exam: briefly introduce the norm standard, factors of affection and clinical signification of glucose in urine, blood glucose and OGTT. The value of OGTT to classification of DM. introduces the signification of Hba1c.Diagnosis and differential diagnosis: diagnosis depends on family history, present history, manifestation and lab exam. Differentiate with secondary DM and renal glucosuria.TreatmentGeneral treatment: Patients learn the basic information of DM and self-management.Dietotherapy: grasp how to calculate the quantity of heat.Oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin: elucidate the pharmacological action, indication, dosage, means, drug-resistance and side effect of sulfonylurea and biguanide.Diabetes ketoacidosisPredisposing factors, pathological and physiological characters, introduce the turbulence of glucose, protein and fat. Emphasize the pathological physiology of the turbulence of water, salt and electrolyte.Introduce the manifestation. Emphasize the differentiation with hyperosmotic nonketonic coma, hypoglycemic coma and lactic acidosis. Especially emphasize the clinical characters of hyperosmotic nonketonic coma.Importance of rectifying the predisposing factors in the treatment to DKA.Principle of using insulin, the means to correct the turbulence of water-electrolyte and acid-base balance.PracticeManifestation: emphasize metabolism syndrome, the specific clinical characters of type 1 and 2 DM. chronic complications include heart-blood vessel, kidney, eye and nervous systemLab exam: the norm standard, factors of affection and clinical signification of glucose in urine, blood glucose and OGTT. The value of OGTT to classification of DM. introduces the signification of Hba1cDiagnosis and differential diagnosisTreat by oral hypoglycemic agents and insulinManifestation and treatment of DKA CHAPTER 4: HYPERCORTISONISM[Objectives]1. Master the pathology and manifestation.2. Master the gist of diagnosis and diseases of differential diagnosis.3. Get familiar with well with the etiology and pathogenesis.4. Understand the principles of treatment.COURSE CONTENTS TheoryClinical characterFour etiologies include: pituitary secrete excessive ACTH,primary adrenal gland cortex tumor,ectopic ACTH syndrome,independent-ACTH bilatery small node hyperplasia or hypogenesisPathology, physiology and manifestation: Concentric obesity, turbulence of protein, fat, glucose, water and salt. Hypertension, resistance weaken to infection, change of blood, drawback of sex function and skin pigmentationDiagnosis and differential diagnosis: Emphasize the important meaning of symptom sign, the value of cortisol in blood and urine. Differentiate with obesity and type 2 DMTreatment: Operation, radioactivity treatment, drugs block synthesize cortinCHAPTER 5: PRIMARY CHRONIC HYPOCORTISONISM[Objectives]Master the main etiology.Master the clinical characters.Get familiar with well with the means of treatment.Understand the main points of pathologic physiology.Well with the means of hormone replacement and how to treat hypocortisonism crisis.COURSE CONTENTS TheorySummarize: Definition, Emphasize differentiation of primary and secondary hypocortisonismEtiology and pathologyManifestationLab examinationDiagnosis and differential diagnosis: Skin pigmentation, fatigue, thin, biochemistry and hormone measurement are important evidence for diagnosis. Differentiate with chronic consume disease.TreatmentPART EIGHT RHEUMATOLOGYIntroductionThis course introduces the students to rheumatology, a subspecialty of internal medicine that is comprised of diseases that directly or indirectly affect the joints. The conception of rheumatic diseases may be difficult to grasp. For the students, it is important to know the principle of the common rheumatic disease. Some diseases, such as the vasculitis or the Still’s disease, were not mentioned in this course because of the difficulty in the diagnosis. These diseases need the students to learn by themselves in future practice. ObjectivesThe conception of the modern conception and the classification of the rheumatic diseaseThe clinical manifestation and the principle of diagnosis of the common rheumatic diseaseThe relationship of auto-antibodies to rheumatic diseasesThe principle of the management of the common rheumatic disease. The common medicines in treating the rheumatic disease.TEACHING HOURS DISTRIBUTIONChapterContentsLecturePracticeChapter 1Rheumatoid Arthritis11Chapter 2Systemic Lupus Erythematosus11Total22CHAPTER 1: RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS[Objectives]Master the epidemiologic feature and pathologic changes of the rheumatoid arthritis Be familiar with the clinical manifestation, the diagnosis and the differential diagnosis of RAUnderstand the management principle of RACOURSE CONTENTSTheoryThe conception of RA; the epidemiologic feature; the public health problem or social-economic burden produced by RAEtiology of RA: unknown, maybe associated to genetic or infectious causes, et al.Pathogenesis and pathology: RA is autoimmune disease; the pathologic change is basically the synovitis. The HLA-DR molecular, rheumatoid factor (RF) and cytokines (including IL—l, TNFa, IL—6, IL—8) may play important roles in RA. clinical manifestationLab testDiagnosis and differential diagnosis: 1988 revised ARA Criteria for classification of RA. Differential diagnosis with Ankylosing Spondylitis; Psoriatic Arthritis, SLE, et al.Management of RAPracticeClinical manifestation of RA, the cases demonstrationThe principle of RA management CHAPTER 2: SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE)[Objectives]Master the epidemiologic feature and pathologic changes of SLE; the etiology and pathogenesis of SLE, the pathologic classification for lupus nephritis (LN) by WHOBe familiar with the clinical manifestation, the diagnosis and the differential diagnosis of SLE, the auto-antibody profile of SLE Understand the management principle of SLE, the drug therapy of SLECOURSE CONTENTSTheorySLE is an auto-immune disease with multiple organ involvement, and varies auto-antibodies patterns in the course of the disease Etiology and pathogenesis: the etiology of SLE is unknown, maybe associated to genetic factors, environmental factors, and gonadal hormone, et al. The SLE among the population, the age and gender features.Pathogenesis of SLE: SLE associated to multiple factors, including hereditary, environmental; abnormal immune responses, including T cells and B cells, immune tolerance, and inadequate clearing of immune compleses.Pathology: the pathologic classification for LN by WHOClinical manifestations: SLE is a disease with a complex set of abnormalities and follows a relapsing and remitting course. The common symptom includes fever, skin rash, musculoskeletal manifestation, hydrymenitis, nephropathy, et al.Lab test: blood cell count, urine screen, and auto-antibodies. Including the immunoglobulin, CIC, complements, ANA (anti-dsDNA, anti- ENAs, including Sm, SSA, SSB, ulRNP, rRNP, Jo—l, Scl—70). Kidney biopsy in SLEDiagnosis and differential diagnosis: the criteria by ARA in 1982. How to define the disease activity. The differential diagnosis includes MCTD, chronic nephritis.Management of SLE: the principles, and the strategies of drug therapy. Prognosis: factors involve in estimating the prognosisPracticeCases demonstration, including the symptom of SLE, and the lab tests findingsThe Classification criteria for SLE, and how to determine the activity of the diseaseThe treatment of SLE, the principle and the medicinesThe prognosis of SLE and the related factorsTHE SYLLABUS OF ANESTHESIOLOGYApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 18 hours to study this course. The study of the theory consists of 10 hours and the clinical practice takes up 8 hours. Course introduction: Anesthesiology is a clinical science that comes into being with surgery, anesthesiology is concerned not only with the administration of anesthesia for surgery but also with many other areas of patient care , including critical care medicine, management of chronic pain , and respiratory therapy. Anesthesiology plays an important role in clinical medicine increasingly.The Basic ObjectivesIt will request students to grasp the basic methods of the anesthesia, the monitoring and management in the perioperative period, the anesthesia management of complication.Teaching Hours DistributionChapterContentsLecturePractice1Introduction; The history and importance scope of the anesthesia12Preanesthetic preparation13Anesthesia Methods544Monitoring and Management during anesthesia235Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation11Total108Theoretical part (10 hours)CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION[Objectives]Grasp the definition of the anesthesia.Understand the importance scope of the anesthesia.[Contents]The development history of the anesthesiaThe anesthesia riskCHAPTER 2: PREANESTHETIC PREPARATION[Objectives]Understand the content of the preanesthetic evaluation.Grasp the classification of the American Society of Anesthesiologists.Grasp the common mediation before anesthesia.[Contents]The classification of the American Society of Anesthesiologists.The body preparation, drug preparation and anesthesia equipment preparation. CHAPTER 3: ANESTHESIA METHODS[Objectives]Understand the common anesthesia drugs; the indication and contraindication for use them.Grasp the common anesthesia methods, and that how to implement the general anesthesia.[Contents]Theory:General anesthesia and endotracheal intubationLocal anesthesia Spinal anesthesiaNerve blockPractice:Explain the common anesthesia methods and the anesthesia drugs.CHAPTER 4: MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT DURING ANESTHESIA[Objectives]Understand the Controlled Hypotension (CH).Grasp the routine monitoring programs.Grasp anesthesia recovery complications of the treatment.[Contents]Theory:The cycle monitoring, respiratory monitoring and temperature monitoring.Anesthesia recovery complications.Practice: Explain all the monitoring equipment.CHAPTER 5: CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CRP)[Objectives]Understand the importance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Grasp that when the need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation.Grasp how to perform the cardiopulmonary resuscitation.[Contents]Theory:The latest version of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (2015).Practice: Explain and demonstrate the cardiopulmonary resuscitation.THE SYLLABUS OF SURGERY INTRUDOCUTIONApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 16 teaching hours to study this course. The study of theory needs 12 teaching hours, the study of experimental skill needs 4 hours. Course Introduction:Surgery introduction is a surgery clinical basic course with strong practicability, which includes trauma, surgery infection, surgery shock, burn, fluid and electrolyte management, perioperative management. Based on basic medical theory and knowledge, the purpose of this course focuses on generality of surgery. The Basic Objectives:It requires students to grasp significant amount of knowledge of related subjects, to be familiar with the concept of asepsis and basic surgical skills, and to build good medical ethics.Teaching Hours DistributionChapterContentsTeaching HoursChapter 1Surgical Infection2Chapter 2Burn2Chapter 3Fluid and Electrolyte Management2Chapter 4Perioperative Management2Chapter 5Trauma2Chapter 6Surgery Shock2Total12THEORETICAL PART (12 HOURS)CHAPTER 1: SUGICAL INFECTION[Objectives]Master occurrence, development and treatment principles of surgical infection.Understand common pathogenic bacteria(staphylococcus, streptococcus and so on)and development of infection.Be familiar with the etiologic clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment principles for SIRS, bacteraemia, toxiamia and sepsis.Master the clinical manifestations、prevention and treatment of tetanus.Understand the application of antibacterial drugsofor surgerical infectious.[Contents]Occurrence and development of surgical infections and treatment principles.Conception, classification, etiology and treatment principles of common surgical infections, including etiology and clinical manifestations of acute suppurate infection of the skin and soft tissue: furuncle, carbuncle, cellulites, erysipelas, acute lymphadenitis，incision and drainage of abscess.Etiology, pathology, clinical manifestationss, diagnosis and treatment principles to SIRS, bacteraemia, toxiamia and sepsis.Clinical manifestationss, diagnosis and treatment principles for tetanus.Choice and applying principles of antibacterial drugs.CHAPTER 2: BURU[Objectives]1. Master methods to calculate the size (surface area) of a burn and to evaluate the depth of a burn.2. Be familiar with pathological change associated with burns, course of disease, emergency care, management of the burn wound, fluid resuscitation and infection prevention after a burn. 3. Understand character of chemical burn and emergency treatment.4. Understand clinical presentation, diagnosis and emergency management of frostbite. 5. Understand principles and progress of plastic surgery.[Contents]1. Etiology and pathology of burns, size calculation, depth evaluation, effects of depth and size to the body, clinical course of a large size burn, treatment and management of a small size burn. Care of the burn wound, principles of emergency care, and complication prevention. 2. Characters of burns with strong acid, strong alkali and phosphorus, and methods of related emergency care.3. Etiology, pathology and essential of prevention and treatment of frostbite.4. Principles of plastic surgery, obtaining and placing skin graft and types of skin graft.CHAPTER 3: FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE MANAGEMENT[Objectives]Master principles of maintaining normal water and electrolyte metabolism and acid-base balance, and their clinical application.Be familiar with the pathophysiology, clinical character and diagnosis of different fluid electrolyte imbalances and acid-base imbalance in surgical patients. Master principles of treatment and methods of correction for fluid electrolyte imbalance and acid-base imbalance in surgical patients.[Contents]Normal requirement and maintenance of fluid electrolyte metabolism and acid-base balance. Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and prevention of hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic conditions. Etiolgy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of hypokalemia and hyperkalemia.Pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of metabolic acidosis and metabolic alkalosis.Principles and procedures of preventing the disorders of fluid electrolyte metabolism and acid-base balance, problems that might arise during treatment.CHAPTER 4: PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT[Objectives]1. Master the preoperative care.2. Master the postoperative care.3. Be familiar with postoperative complications.[Contents]1. The methods of preoperative evaluation.2. The methods of preoperative preparation.3. The precautions of the immediate postoperative period.( orthostatic, activity, diet, drainage, pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, urinary retention).4. The precautions of the intermediate postoperative period.(the time of stitches ).5. The methods of dealing with postopertive complications. ( incision hemorrhage, incision infection, incision cracking, urinary tract infection).CHAPTER 5: TRAUMA[Objectives]1. Be familiar with the etiology, classification and pathophysiology of trauma.2. Be familiar clinical presentations, physical examination and diagnostic methods, and principles of treatment.3. Master the principles of debridement of an open wound.[Contents]1. Mechanisms of different traumatic factors and the classification of trauma. 2. Local response of the human body to injury, metabolic and neuroendocrine responses and changes in the vital organs after trauma.3. Classification of the process of tissue repairs and wound healing, and methods of management of different wounds.4. Physical examination and diagnostic methods of trauma, and principles of emergency treatment. 5. Principles of treatment of open wounds and procedures of debridement.CHAPTER 6: SURGERY SHOCK[Objectives]1. Be familiar with the etiology and pathophisiology of surgical shock, especially the hypovolemic and infectious shock.2. Be familiar with the clinical manifestationss, diagnostic point, general treatment principles of shock.3. Understand about the differential diagnosis and clinical manifestations of all kinds of shock.4. Master assessment and main points for treating of hypovolemic and infectious shock.[Contents]1. Definition and modern concept of shock.2. Etiology, classification, basic pathophisiological changes, clinical manifestations and general treatment principles for surgical shock. Explain the clinical manifestations and early diagnosis of shock in every stage according to the evolvement course of shock.3. Pathophisiological changes, clinical manifestations and general treatment principles for hypovolemic and infectious shock.Practice Teaching Hours DistributionNo.ContentsTeaching Hours1Surgical infection, Trauma,,Perioperative management, Burn4Total4PRACTICAL PART (4 HOURS)PRACTICE 1: SURGICAL INFECTION, BURN[Objectives]1. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of surgical infection. 2. Master the indexing, clinical manifestations, care measures of the burns.3. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of truma.4. Master the method and principles of perioperative management.[Contents]1. The clinical manifestations and treatment of boils, carbuncles and acute cellulitis.2. The clinical manifestations and treatment of tetanus and gas gangrene.3. The clinical manifestations and treatment principles of burn.4. The antibiotics application of burn patients.5. The methods and precautions of perioperative management.6. The procedures of debridement.THE SYLLABUS OF SPECIAL SURGERYApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 152 teaching hours to study this course. The study of theory needs 96 teaching hours, the study of experimental skill needs 56 hours. Course Introduction:Special surgery is a clinical course with strong practicability,including general surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, urology, and orthopedics and refers to a number of diseases, such as trauma, infection, neoplasm, malformation, and some disorders on obstruction, stricture or dilatation of organs, dysfunction of viscera, abnormal blood supply and lithiasis. Based on basic medical theory and knowledge, the purpose of this course focuses on diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of diseases, especially the indications and contra-indications for surgical treatment and the management of postoperative complications. The Basic Objectives:It requires students to grasp significant amount of knowledge of related subjects, to be familiar with the concept of asepsis and basic surgical skills, and to build good medical ethics.Teaching Hours DistributionChapterContentsTeaching HoursChapter 1Increased Intracranial Pressure4Chapter 2Craniocerebral Trauma4Chapter 3Brain Tumors2Chapter 4Neck Diseases2Chapter 5Breast Diseases4Chapter 6External Hernia2Chapter 7Peritonitis2Chapter 8The Acute Abdomen2Chapter 9Stomach and Duodenum Diseases4Chapter 10Appendix2Chapter 11Intestine Diseases4Chapter 12Colon and Anorectum Disease4Chapter 13Liver Diseases2Chapter 14Portal Hypertension2Chapter 15Biliary Tract Diseases4Chapter 16Pancreas Diseases2Chapter 17Arterial Aneurysms, The Diseases of Veins and Lymphoduct2Chapter 18Chest Trauma2Chapter 19Pulmonary Disease4Chapter 20Disease of Esophagus2Chapter 21Mediastinum Disease and Heart Disease4Chapter 22Genitourinary Tract Trauma2Chapter 23Genitourinary Tuberculosis2Chapter 24Obstruction of Urinary Tract2Chapter 25Urolithiasis2Chapter 26Genitourinary Tumor2Chapter 27Generality of Fracture4Chapter 27Bones and Joint Trauma of Upper Limb4Chapter 29Hand Injury4Chapter 30Bones and Joint Trauma of Lower Limb2Chapter 31Spine and Pelvis Fracture2Chapter 32Chronic Trauma of Locomotive System2Chapter 33Backleg Pain, Neck Pain, Shoulder Pain2Chapter 34Suppurative Osteomyelitis and Suppurative Arthritis2Chapter 35Bone and Join Tuberculosis2Chapter 36Bone Tumor2Total96THEORETICAL PART (96 HOURS)CHAPTER 1: INCREASED INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE[Objectives]Master the common causes of increased intracranial pressure. Master diagnosis of increased intracranial pressure.Master the clinical manifestations of increased intracranial pressure.Master the treatments of increased intracranial pressure.Familiar the detection methods and indicators of increased intracranial pressure.[Contents]The cause of increased intracranial pressure.The mechanism of increased intracranial pressure.The common disease of increased intracranial pressure.The clinical findings of increased intracranial pressure.The treatments of increased intracranial pressure.The monitoring methods of increased intracranial pressure.CHAPTER 2: CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA[Objectives]Master the common causes of craniocerebral trauma. Master diagnosis of craniocerebral trauma.Master the clinical manifestations of craniocerebral trauma.Master the treatments of craniocerebral trauma.Familiar the detection methods and indicators of craniocerebral trauma.[Contents]The cause of craniocerebral trauma.The mechanism of craniocerebral trauma.The clinical findings of craniocerebral trauma.The treatments of craniocerebral trauma.The monitoring methods of craniocerebral traumaCHAPTER 3: BRAIN TUMORS[Objectives]Master the common causes of brain tumors. Master diagnosis of brain tumors.Master the clinical manifestations of brain tumors.Master the treatments of brain tumors.Familiar brain tumor classification.[Contents]The cause of brain tumors.The clinical findings of brain tumors.The treatments of brain tumors.The surgical indications of brain tumors.CHAPTER 4: NECK DISEASES[Objectives]Understand characteristics of neck mass, Master correct examination of a neck mass.Master diagnosis and treatment principles of nodular of a thyroid.Master surgical treatment principles of hyperthyroidism and treatment for the perioperation period for hyperthyroidism.Master the diagnostic and treatment principles for thyroid carcinoma.Understand the diagnotic and treatment principles for thyroiditis.Understand pathology, clinical manifestations and treatment principles for hyperparathyroidism.[Contents]Local anatomy and physiology of the thyroid.Surgical indications of various thyroid diseases.Etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment of simple goiter.Differential diagnosis and treatment principles for a nodular thyroid.Clinical manifestations and special examination for hyperthyroidism，preparation of preoperation, complication of operation.Pathologic classification, diagnosis and treatment principles for thyroid carcinoma.Etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment principles for thyroiditis.Clinical manifestations and treatment principles for primary hyperparathyroidism.CHAPTER 5: BREAST DISEASES[Objectives]Understand local anatomy and physiology of the breast.Master correct examination of the breast.Be familiar with differential diagnosis of a breast mass.Be familiar with the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of acute mastitis.Master diagnosis and treatment principles for breast carcinoma.[Contents]TheoryPhysical examination of the breast.Etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of acute mastitis.Etiology, diagnosis and treatment of hyperplasia of the breast.Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of a benign tumor and malignant tumor of the breast. Etiology, pathologic classification, metastases route, surgical treatment principles and progress of treatment of breast carcinoma.CHAPTER 6: EXTERNAL HERNIAS[Objectives] Master the concept, etiology, pathology and clinical classification and treatment of external hernias.Master the anatomy of the inguinal region, including the inguinal canal, Hesselbach’s triangle and femoral canal.Master the essential of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of indirect and direct inguinal hernias.Be familiar with the definitions, pathological characters, clinical presentations and principleses of treatment of incarcerated and strangulated hernia.Be familiar with the principles of operative treatment of an inguinal hernia and types of operations for inguinal hernia.Understand the clinical presentations and principles of treatment of femoral, umbilical and incisional hernias.[Contents]Concept, etiology, pathology and clinical classifications of external hernia.Anatomy of the inguinal region.Clinical presentations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis for indirect and direct inguinal hernias.Principles of operative treatment of an inguinal hernia, indications of different types of operations for an inguinal hernia and advancement of surgical management.Definitions, pathological characters, clinical presentations and principles of treatment of incarcerated and strangulated hernia.CHAPTER 7: PERITONITIS[Objectives]Be familiar with etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation of acute suppurative peritonitis and differential diagnosis between secondary and primary peritonitis.Master correct physical examination techniques, diagnostic methods and principles of management.Understand the clinical presentation and principles of diagnosis and treatment of an abdominal abscess. [Contents]Etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, principles of management and methods of treatment of acute suppurative peritonitis.Differential diagnosis between secondary and primary peritonitis. Diagnosis and treatment of abdominal abscess.CHAPTER 8: ACUTE ABDOMEN[Objectives]Be familiar with pathogenesis and classification of an acute abdomen.Master diagnostic emphasis and management principles of an acute abdomen.[Contents]Definition and clinical sense of parietal pain and visceral pain, shifting pain and radiating pain; pathogenesis, classification, diagnostic emphasis and management principles for acute abdomenCHAPTER 9: STOMACH AND DUODENUM DISEASES[Objectives]Be familiar with pathogenic mechanics and clinical manifestation of PUD.Master indications of surgery for PUD, operative procedures, selection of a variety of procedures and postoperative complications following gastric surgery.Be familiar with clinical manifestations of acute perforation, acute massive hemorrhage and pyloric obstruction induced by PUD, principles of diagnosis and treatment of these complications of PUD.Be familiar with histopathological classification, clinical manifestation, diagnostic methods and management principles of gastric carcinoma.Understand metastatic characters and surgical principles of gastric carcinoma.[Contents]Surgical principles and operative procedures for PUD; Prevention and treatment of postoperative complications of gastric surgery.Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis and treatment of major complications of PUD such as acute perforation, acute massive hemorrhage and pyloric stenosisPathologic patterns, metastatic features, lymphatic node grouping and international PTNM staging of gastric carcinoma.Clinical presentation, diagnostic methods and surgical principles of gastric carcinoma; definition of radical resection; prognosis of gastric carcinomaCHAPTER 10: APPENDICITIS[Objectives]Master pathological typing, clinical manifestationss, diagnosis and differential diagnosis and treatment of acute appendicitis.Understand clinical features and treatment principles of some special types of acute appendicitis.Be familiar with diagnosis and management of chronic appendicitis.[Contents]TheoryEtiology, pathological typing, clinical manifestationss, diagnosis and differential diagnosis and treatment principles of acute appendicitis.Clinical features and managing principles of acute appendicitis in infants and children, in the elderly and during pregnancy.Clinical manifestationss, diagnosis and treatment of chronic appendicitis.Appendectomy and postoperative complications.CHAPTER 11: INTESTINE DISEASES[Objectives]Master comprehensive knowledge of pathogenesis, classification and pathophysiologic course of intestinal obstruction; acquaintance with clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment of intestinal obstruction; differential diagnosis and management principles of simple intestinal obstruction and strangulated intestinal obstruction. Be familiar with the definition, clinical features and surgical indications of inflammatory bowel diseases.Understand the general knowledge of clinical features and surgical treatment for common infective intestinal diseaseUnderstand the definition of short gut syndrome and principles for treatmentUnderstand the diagnosis and treatment of small intestinal tumors[Contents]Intestinal obstruction: pathogenesis, classification, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, principles of diagnosis and treatmentSimple or/and strangulated intestinal obstruction: clinical presentation, differential diagnosis and principles of treatmentInflammatory bowel diseases: clinical presentation, diagnosis and principles of surgical treatment.Small intestinal tumors: clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatmentCHAPTER 12: COLORECTAL AND ANAL DISEASES[Objectives]Be familiar with anatomy, physiology and special examination methods of the colon, rectum and anus.Be familiar with the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of fissure-in-ano, anorectal abscesses, fistula-in-ano, hemorrhoids, and colorectal polyps.Master the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and operative principles for colorectal carcinoma.[Contents]Anatomic and physiologic summary of the colon, rectum and anus. The positions suited for examination in the anorectum and the basic approaches.Definition of fissure-in-ano and its diagnosis and treatment. Definition of internal, external and mixed hemorrhoids, and their etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment. Classification of anorectal abscesses and their clinical features, diagnosis and treatment. Incidence and classification of fistula-in-ano, and their treatment. Clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of colorectal polyps and polyposis.Epidemiology of colorectal cancer, and its pathologic types and stages, clinical features, diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis, treatment strategy and prognosis.CHAPTER 13: LIVER DISEASES[Objectives]Master the etiology, diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis, treatment strategy and prognosis of primary hepatic carcinoma. To be aware of the concept of minimal hepatic carcinoma.Understand the diagnosis and management of secondary hepatic cancer.Be familiar with the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of hepatic abscess.Understand the etiology, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of liver hydatidosis of liver.[Contents]Epidemiology of hepatic cancer, and its etiology, pathologiy, clinical features, diagnostic approach and differential diagnosis, as well as the indications for surgical treatment and advanced multidisciplinary therapy. The concept of minimal hepatic cancer and its clinical meaning.Diagnosis and treatment of secondary hepatic cancer.Etiology, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of bacterial liver abscess. Clinical characters, operative indications and surgical procedures of amebic liver abscess.CHAPTER 14: PORTAL HYPERTENSION[Objectives]Be familiar with etiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestationss of portal hypertension.Master diagnosis, indications and goals of surgical treatment and operation types of portal hypertension.Be familiar with acute management of bleeding esophageal varices. [Contents]Etiology, pathology, clinical manifestationss, diagnosis and treatment of portal hypertension.Treatment, operative indications and therapeutic options of acute bleeding of esophageal varices and brief introduction to its managing progress.CHAPTER 15: BILIARY TRACT DISEASES[Objectives]Be familiar with topography and physiology of biliary system.Master the etilology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestationss, diagnosis and differential diagnosis and treatment principles for acute cholecystitis, cholelithiasis and acute suppurative cholangitis.Understand indications and complications of therapeutic laparoscopy for biliary disorders.Understand clinical features and treatment principles for gallbladder tumors and the bile duct.[Contents]Etiology and pathology of cholelithiasis and bile duct infections. Clinical manifestationss, diagnosis and differential diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic cholecystitis, cholelithiasis and acute suppurative cholangitis.Indications and complications of therapeutic laparoscopy for biliary disorders.Pathology, clinical manifestationss, diagnostic methods and treatment principles for gallbladder carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma.CHAPTER 16: PANCREAS DISEASES[Objectives]Master the etiology, pathology, clinical manifestationss, diagnosis and treatment principles for acute pancreatitis.Be familiar with the pathology, clinical manifestationss, diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis.Master the pathology, clinical manifestationss, diagnosis and treatment of a pancreatic cyst.Master clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment principles of pancreatic malignant tumors and duodenal ampulla tumors.Understand clinical manifestations and diagnosis of pancreatic endocrine tumors.[Contents]Etiology, pathophysiology and process of acute pancreatitis. Typing, clinical manifestationss, diagnosis and differential diagnosis and treatment progress of acute pancreatitis.Pathology, clinical manifestationss, diagnosis and differential diagnosis and treatment principles of malignant tumors of the pancreas and duodenal ampulla.Examination methods and principles of diagnosis and treatment for jaundice.CHAPTER 17: ARTERIAL ANEURYSMS,THE DISEASE OF VEINS AND LYMPHODUCT[Objectives]Master the etiology, diagnostic approach, differential diagnosis, treatment strategy and prognosis of arterial aneurysms. Understand the diagnosis and management of diseases of veins and lymphoductBe familiar with the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of diseases of veins and lymphoduct.[Contents]The cause of the diseases of arterial aneurysms and veins and lymphoduct.The mechanism of the diseases of arterial aneurysms and veins and lymphoduct.The clinical findings of the diseases of arterial aneurysms and veins and lymphoduct.The treatments of the diseases of arterial aneurysms and veins and lymphoduct.CHAPTER 18: THORACIC TRAUMA[Objectives]Master classification, main pathophysiological changes and emergency treatment principles of thoracic trauma.Master indications of thoracic exploration in traumatic patients and diagnostic criteria of progressing hemothorax.Be familiar with pathogenesis and pathophysiological changes of rib fracture, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion and hemopericardium.Be familiar with clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment of rib fracture, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion and hemopericardium.Just know main points of pathophysiological changes and diagnosis and treatment of the damage from bronchus, lung parenchyma, esophagus, diaphragm, heart and great vessels.[Contents]General consideration of thoracic trauma, pathophysiological changes, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment of rib fracture, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion, diaphragm rupture and hemopericardium.CHAPTER 19: PULMONARY DISEASE[Objectives]Master classification, stage progress and pathology of empyema.Be familiar with etiology, pathogenic invasion routes into the pleural space, pathophysiological changes with empyema.Be familiar with diagnosis, treatment principles, and surgical approaches and indications for empyema.Just know classification and clinical presentations of pleural tumors.Just know etiology and pathology of chest wall tuberculosis.Just know clinical presentations, diagnosis and differentiation, treatment principles for chest wall tuberculosis and Tietze disease.Just know classification, clinical presentations, and treatment principles for chest wall tumors.[Contents]Etiology, pathology, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment of chest wall tuberculosis and Tietze disease.Etiology, pathology, classification, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment principles, and surgical approaches and indications for empyema.CHAPTER 20: DISEASE OF ESOPHAGUS[Objectives]Master clinical presentations, clinicopathological types & staging, and corresponding treatment principles of esophageal carcinoma.Be familiar with etiology, diagnosis and differentiation, treatment principles of esophageal carcinoma.Be familiar with epidemiology of esophageal carcinoma.Just know etiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment principles of benign tumors of the esophagus, cardia achalasia, regurgitant esophagitis, esophageal hiatus hernia, esophageal verticulum and caustic esophagitis.[Contents]Etiology, epidemiology, pathology, anatomy, clinicopathological types & staging, clinical presentations, diagnosis and differentiation, treatment principles, common surgical approaches and complications, significance of early diagnosis and treatment of esophageal carcinomaCHAPTER 21: HEART DISEASE[Objectives]Be familiar with the term, relationship with low-temperature, and basic composition of extracorporeal circulation. Be familiar with the term of myocardial protection. Just know the history of cardiac surgery, diagnostic methods in common use, application of extracorporeal circulation and myocardial protection.Master basic classification, clinical presentations, hemodynamic and pathophysiological changes of common congenital heart disease (ASD, VSD, PDA, PS, Fallot teratology), be familiar with diagnostic methods, operative indications and surgical treatment principles. Just know pathophysiological changes, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment principles for aortic stenosis and valsalva sinus rupture.Master clinical presentations, hemodynamic and pathophysiological changes of common valve heart disease (MS), are familiar with diagnostic methods, operative indications and surgical treatment principles, and selection of different operation approaches. Just know categories, features, selection principles of artificial valve, attention notes after valve replacement. Just know clinical presentations, diagnostic methods and treatment principles of other valve heart diseases (MR, AS, AR).Master anatomy of the coronary artery, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment principles of coronary heart diseases, master operative indications. Just know the role, status quo and progression of coronary artery surgery.Just know etiology, pathophysiological changes, clinical presentations, diagnostic methods and treatment principles of chronic strictive pericarditis.Just know pathophysiological changes, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment principles of heart myxeoma.Just know status quo of great vessels surgery, etiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment principles of aortic aneurysm.[Contents]Anatomy basis of the heart.The history of cardiac surgery, low-temperature anesthesia and extracorporeal circulation techniques, the term, basic composition and function, the role and progression of extracorporeal circulation.Etiology, hemodynamic and pathophysiological changes, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment principles, operative indications and principles of congenital heart disease.Etiology, hemodynamic and pathophysiological changes, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment principles, operative indications and surgical approaches of rheumatic valve heart disease.Anatomy of the coronary artery, etiology, hemodynamic and pathophysiological changes, clinical presentations, diagnosis and treatment principles, operative indications, contraindications and surgical approaches of coronary heart disease, selection of grafts and effect.Etiology, pathology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis and surgical treatment principles of chronic strictive pericarditis.General consideration of great vessels surgery, etiology, pathology, pathophysiology, clinical presentations, diagnosis and surgical treatment principles of aortic aneurysm.Advances in cardiac surgery: circulation assist (IABP, ECMO, heart-assisting device), heart transplantation, minimal invasive surgery (telescopic and robotic cardiac surgery).CHAPTER 22: GENITOURINARY TRACT TRAUMA[Objectives]Master the cause of genitourinary tract trauma and principles of treatment.Master the diagnosis and principles for treatment of genitourinary tract trauma.Understand the pathological changes in genitourinary tract trauma.[Contents]The essential diagnosis, clinical findings, and principles of treatment for kidney injury.The essential diagnosis, clinical findings, and principles of treatment for ureter injury.The essentials diagnosis, clinical findings, and principles of treatment for bladder injury.The essential diagnosis, clinical findings, and principles of treatment for urethral and scrotum injury.CHAPTER 23: GENITOURINARY TUBERCULOSIS[Objectives]Master the cause of genitourinary tuberculosis and principles of treatment.Master the diagnosis and principles for treatment of genitourinary tuberculosis.Understand the pathological changes in genitourinary tuberculosis.[Contents]The essential diagnosis, clinical findings, and principles of treatment for genitourinary tuberculosis.The essential diagnosis, clinical findings, and principles of treatment for kindy tuberculosis .The essentials diagnosis, clinical findings, and principles of treatment for bladder tuberculosis.CHAPTER 24: OBSTRUCTION OF URINARY TRACT[Objectives]Master the cause of urinary obstructions and principles for treatment.Master the diagnosis and principles for treatment for BPH.Understand the relationship between infections, urinary stones and urinary obstructions.Understand the pathological changes in urinary obstruction.Understand the cause and differential diagnosis in acute retention of urine.[Contents]The etiology, pathology, clinical findings, diagnosis and principles of treatment for urinary obstruction.The etiology, pathology and clinical findings in BPH.The differential diagnosis and compliance of an operation for BPH.Acute retention of urine: the causes and treatment.CHAPTER 25: UROLITHIASIS[Objectives]Master the main symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of in urinary stone disease.Understand the principles, etiology and the components of common stones in the urinary system.Understand the pathological changes of urinary stone disease.[Contents]The etiology of urinary stone disease.The components and character of urinary stone disease.Pathological changes of urinary stone and prevention of urinary stone disease.Renal and ureter stone: symptoms and signs, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and the compliance and methods of operation.Bladder and urethra stone: symptoms and signs, diagnosis and treatment methods of operation.CHAPTER 26: GENITOURINARY TUMOR[Objectives]Master the symptoms and signs, diagnosis and treatment of bladder tumors.Understand the general situation about urinary and genital tumors.Understand the clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment in renal neoplasms and the tumors of the penis.Understand the diagnosis and treatment of testicular and prostate cancer.[Contents]The general situation of urinary and genital tumors.Renal neoplasms, Wilms tumor and renal pelvis tumor: pathology, metastasis, symptoms and signs, diagnosis, and treatment.The etiology, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of bladder tumors.Tumor of the testies penis, and prostate cancer: etiology, pathology, symptoms and signs, diagnosis and treatment.CHAPTER 27: GENERALITY OF FRACTURE[Objectives]Master the knowledge of definition, etiology, classification, clinical features, healing process, common complication, and principles of treatment.Be familiar with the emergency care of a fracture.Understand the special treatment for an open fracture. Be familiar with the main etiology and principles of treatment of the nonunion, delayed union and malunion.At the end of the course, students should: Be familiar with the main points of traction, splint and plaster fixation.[Contents]The definition, etiology, classification and the factors requiring replacement of the fragment of the fracture. The healing process of a fracture, the main factors that influence the healing of a racture. The emergency care and treatment of a fracture. The principles of treatment for an open fracture. The basic principles of treatment for the fracture, the standards for the reduction, the indications for a closed reduction and ORIF and the standards for the clinical healing of a fracture. CHAPTER 28: BONES AND JOINT TRAUMA OF UPPER LIMB[Objectives]Master the characteristic displacement, diagnosis and principle for the treatment of the fractures of the supracondylar humerus and distal radius. Master the complications of supracondylar humerus.Be familiar with characteristic displacement, diagnosis and treatment principles of a clavicle fracture, supracondylar humerus and forearms.Master the classification, clinical manifestation, treatment of joint dislocation, especially for the shoulder joint.Know the method of fixation for fractures and dislocations in the upper extremities.[Contents]The classification and main points of a closed reduction of the fracture of the clavicle and fixation of an 8 shaped bandage.The classification, characteristic displacement and therapeutic principles of the fracture of the diaphyseal humerus.The classification of the supracondylar fractures of the humerus. The clinical features and principles for treatment of a supracondylar fracture of humerus coupled with the injury of the arteria brachialis.The main point for closed reduction of a fracture of the forearms and fixation with splintage.The classification, characteristic displacement, clinical features, main points for closed reduction and fixation with splintage of a fracture in distal radius.CHAPTER 29: HAND TNJURY[Objectives]Master the principles of treatment for hand injury.Be familiar with the physical examination and evaluation of hand injury.[Contents]The classification of common hand injuries.The basic examination, diagnosis and therapeutic principles for hand injuries.The treatment of the skin cutting injuries.CHAPTER 30: BONES AND JOINT TRAUMA OF LOWER LIMB[Objectives]Master the clinical features, therapeutic principle and prevention of the complications from femoral neck fracture and intertrochanteric fracture. Be familiar with the ligamentous and meniscus injury of the knee joint.Be familiar with the characteristic displacement and therapeutic principles of femoral shaft fracture.Be familiar with the therapeutic principles of tibia and fibula fracture.Know the etiology, clinical features and therapeutic principles of the ankle injury.Be familiar with the basic methods for reduction and fixation of injuries in the lower extremities.[Contents]Characteristic displacement and therapeutic principles of femoral neck fracture, intertrochanteric fracture and fracture of the femoral shaft.The classification and prevention of complication of femoral neck fracture and intertrochanteric fracture.Ligamentous and meniscus injury of the knee joint.Classification, diagnosis, complications and treatment of tibia and fibula fracture.CHAPTER 31: SPINE AND PELVIS FRACTURE[Objectives]Master the principles of emergency care for spine fracture.Master the classification, clinical features and therapeutic principles of spine fracture.Be familiar with the classification, clinical manifestations, complications and treatment of pelvic fracture.Be familiar with the pathological changes, classification, diagnosis, complications, and treatment.Know the therapeutic principles for cervical spine fracture.Understand the principles of emergency care and transportation of cases with fractures of the spine or pelvis.[Contents]The classification, clinical features and therapeutic principles for thoracic and lumbor spine fracture. The diagnosis of spine fracture and dislocation complicated with spinal cord injury. The therapeutic principles for the complication of paralysis.The classification, clinical features, complications and therapeutic principles for pelvis fracture.CHAPTER 32: CHRONIC TRAUMA OF LOCOMOTIVE SYSTEM[Objectives]Understand the common diagnosis and therapeutic principles for chronic injury of the musculoskeletal system.[Contents]The clinical features and treatment of the lateral epicondylitis, stenosing tenosynovitis，frozen shoulder.CHAPTER 33: BACKLEG PAIN, NECK PAIN, SHOULDER PAIN[Objectives]Master the classification, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principles for lumber disc herniation.Be familiar with the etiology, pathology features, diagnosis and therapeutic principles for the cervical syndrome.[Contents]The classification, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapeutic principles for lumber disc herniation.The etiology, pathology features, diagnosis and therapeutic principles of the cervical syndrome.CHAPTER 34: SUPPURATIVE OSTEOMYLITIS AND SUPPURATIVE ARTHRITIS[Objectives]Master the pathological features, early diagnosis and early treatment of the acute septic myelitis.Be familiar with the etiology, therapeutic principle and indication of the surgical method for chronic septic myelitis.Understand the clinical diagnosis of bone abscess and sclerotic myelitis[Contents]The pathological features, early diagnosis and early treatment of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis.The etiology, therapeutic principles and indications of surgical methods for chronic septic myelitis.The etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic principles for septic arthritis.CHAPTER 35: BONE AND JOIN TUBERCULOSIS[Objectives]Master the pathological process, diagnosis, therapeutic principles of tuberculosis of bones and joints.Be familiar with the classification of spine tuberculosis and the features of cold abscess.Be familiar with the clinical manifestation, therapeutic principles, and surgical indications for spine tuberculosis.Understand the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of tuberculosis of the hip and knee joint.[Contents]The pathological process, diagnosis, therapeutic principles of tuberculosis of bones and joints.The classification of spine tuberculosis and the features of cold abscess.The clinical manifestation, therapeutic principles, and surgical indications for spine tuberculosis.CHAPTER 36: BONE TUMORS[Objectives]Master the classification and principles for the surgical stages of musculoskeletal system tumors.Be familiar with the clinical and imageology diagnosis, and the therapeutic principles for osteochondroma, giant cell tumor, and osteosarcoma.[Contents]General consideration of bone tumors: classification and principles for the surgical stages of musculoskeletal system tumors.Clinical features, diagnosis, and therapeutic principles of benign bone tumors.Clinical features, diagnosis, and therapeutic principles of giant cell tumors.Clinical features, diagnosis, and therapeutic principles of malignant bone tumors.Clinical features, diagnosis, and therapeutic principles of metastatic tumors. Practice Teaching Hours DistributionChapterContentsTeaching hoursChapter 1Craniocerebral Trauma4Chapter 2Brain Tumors4Chapter 3Neck Diseases, Arterial Aneurysms, The Diseases of Veins 4Chapter 4Breast Diseases4Chapter 5Stomach and Duodenum Diseases, Peritonitis4Chapter 6Intestine diseases, Colon and Anorectum Disease, Appendix4Chapter 7Liver diseases, Biliary Tract Diseases, Pancreas Diseases4Chapter 8Chest Trauma, Pulmonary Disease, Disease of Esophagus4Chapter 9Heart Disease4Chapter 10Urinary Trauma, Urolithiasis4Chapter 11Genitourinary Tuberculosis, Genitourinary Tumor4Chapter 12Generality of Fracture, Bones and Joint Trauma4Chapter 13Spine and Pelvis Fracture4Chapter 14Backleg Pain, Neck Pain, Shoulder Pain, Suppurative Osteomyelitis and Suppurative Arthritis, Bone and Join Tuberculosis, Bone Tumor4Total56PRACTICE PART (56 HOURS)PRACTICE 1: CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA[Objectives]1. Understand the classification, etiology, pathophysiology brain injury.2. Master scalp injury, skull fracture, brain injury primary, secondary injury clinical manifestations, treatment principles.[Contents]Master scalp injury classification, treatment principles.Clinical manifestations of skull grasp fold, diagnosis, treatment.Primary brain damage control, secondary injury clinical manifestations and treatment principles.PRACTICE 2: BRAIN TUMORS[Objectives]Grasp the characteristics of brain tumor incidence.Master brain tumor imaging features.[Contents]Understand cerebral spinal tumor classification.The clinical manifestations and treatment principles of glioma, meningioma, acoustic neuroma and pituitary tumor. Brain tumor surgery indications.PRACTICE 3: NECK DISEASES, ARTERIALANEURYSMS, THE DISEASES OF VEINS[Objectives]1. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of thyroid disease. 2. Master the clinical manifestations and treatment principles of vasculitis.3. Master the clinical manifestations and treatment principles of varicose veins. [Contents]1. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery, postoperative complications of hyperthyroidism.2. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles of vasculitis.3. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of varicose veins.PRACTICE 4: BREAST DISEASES[Objectives]Master the inspection Method of breast. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of breast disease.[Contents]1. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of acute mastitis.2. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of breast cancer.3. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of breast fibroma.PRACTICE 5: STOMACH AND DUODENUM DISEASES[Objectives]Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of stomach and duodenum diseases. [Contents]1. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery, postoperative complications of ulcer.2. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery, postoperative complications of duodenal ulcer.3. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of stomach carcinoma.PRACTICE 6: INTESTINE DISEASES,COLON AND ANORECTUM DISEASE[Objectives]1. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of intestine diseases. 2. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of colon and anorectum disease. [Contents]1. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of intestinal obstruction.2. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery, postoperative complications of colon cancer.3. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery and postoperative complications of acute appendicitis.4. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of hemorrhoid.5. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery and postoperative complications of rectum carcinoma.PRACTICE 7: LIVER DISEASES, BILIARY TRACT DISEASES, PANCREASE DISEASES[Objectives]1. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of liver diseases. 2. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of biliary disease. 3. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of pancreas disease.[Contents]1. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of liver abscess.2. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery, postoperative complications of primary liver cancer.3. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of portal hypertension.4. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of cholelithiasis.5. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery and postoperative complications of acute cholecystitis.6. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery and postoperative complications of acute pancreatitis.PRACTICE 8: CHEST TRAUMA, PULMONARY DISEASE, DISEASE OF ESOPHAGUS[Objectives]1. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of chest trauma diseases. 2. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of pulmonary disease. 3. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of esophagus disease.[Contents]1. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of pneumothorax.2. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery, postoperative complications of primary lung cancer.3. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of esophagus carcinoma.PRACTICE 9: HEART DISEASE[Objectives]1. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of heart diseases. [Contents]1. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of patent ductus arteriosus.2. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery, postoperative complications of atrial septal defect.3. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of ventricular septal defect.4. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of Fallot tetralogy.PRACTICE 10: URINARY TRAUMA, UROLITHIASIS[Objectives]1. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of urinary trauma diseases. 2. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of urolithiasis. [Contents]1. The clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of renal trauma.2. The clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of bladder trauma.3. The clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of urethral injuries.4. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery, postoperative complications of urolithiasis(renal and ureteral calculi ,vesical calculi).PRACTICE 11: GENITOURINARY TUBERCULOSIS,GENITOURINARY TUMOR[Objectives]1. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of genitourinary tuberculosis. 2. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of genitourinary tumor. [Contents]1. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of renal tuberculosis.2. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery, postoperative complications of renal carcinoma.3. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of bladder carcinoma.PRACTICE 12: GENERALITY OF FRACTURE, BONES AND JOINT TRAUMA[Objectives]Master the basic method of orthopedic examination. Master the treating principle of limbs and joint injuries. [Contents]The basic method of orthopedic examination.The clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery, postoperative complications of limbs fracture. (Clavicle fracture,Humeral shaft fracture,Ulnar fracture,Radial fractures, Femoral neck fracture,Femoral shaft fracture,Tibial fractures)The clinical presentation, treatment principles, reset method of dislocation(Shoulder dislocation,Elbow dislocation,Hip dislocation).PRACTICE 13: SPINE AND PELVIS FRACTURE[Objectives]Master the clinical presentation, treatment principles of spine and pelvis fracture. [Contents]The complications of spine cord injures and pelvis fracture.The clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery, postoperative complications of spine and pelvis fracture.PRACTICE 14: BACKLEG PAIN, NECK PAIN, SHOULDER PAIN，INFECTION OF THE BONE AND JOINT，BONE TUMOR[Objectives]1. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of limbs pain diseases. 2. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of bone and joint infection disease. 3. Master the species, clinical manifestations and treatment principles of bone tumor.[Contents]1. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of backleg pain, neck pain and shoulder pain.2. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery, postoperative complications of osteomyelitis.3. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of bone tuberculosis.4. The etiology, clinical presentation, treatment principles, indications for surgery of bone tumor.THE SYLLABUS OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGYApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 86 hours to study this course. The study of theory needs 50 hours; the study of experimental skill needs 36hours. Course Introduction:The Teaching Outline is based on the Text Book Obstetrics and Gynecology (1st edition), which is now nationally used by 5year students. It is a guideline for the teaching of Obstetrics and Gynecology for 5years students. According to the 5year students' teaching plan of our university, this subject requires 86 hours, including theoretical courses and clinical noviciate.What we are asked to teach is in 3 levels. The content of the first level is the information that the students are asked to be familiar with. The contents of second level are the information (taught selectively) that the students should know well. The content of the third level is the information that the students should know and usually study by themselves. During the process of teaching, we insist on the importance of introducing the new knowledge and advances of the subjects, using English Text Book references, and teaching courses by both English and Chinese.The contents of self-study should be increased for 5 year students. These contents will be re-explained in the courses during clinical novitiate and clinical practice. If it is necessary, the contents can be adapted to requests: Obstetrics and Gynecology is a clinical science, which is the study of health care of women and prevention related to the changes of the female reproductive system in different periods and the physical and pathological characteristics of pregnancy and those that effect the fetus. It involves Obstetrics, Perinatology, Gynecology, Health Care of the woman, Family Planning and Eugenics. This text book has added pregnancy relative syndromes, sex and sexual disorders, for the emphasis of the "new, deep and soul".The Basic ObjectivesIt will request students to grasp cardinal concepts, theories and principles of Obstetrics and Gynecology diagnosis, prevention and treatment. For concrete content of each chapter, the aims and requests will be divided into three parts: grasped contents, familiar contents and comprehended contents.Teaching Hours DistributionChapterContentsHours1Female Reproductive Anatomy22Female Reproductive Physiology43Normal Pregnancy24Pregnancy at Risk86Pregnancy Complicated with Internal Diseases27Pregnancy with Surgical Diseases28Normal Labor49Abnormal Labor410Complications of Labor & Delivery215Female Genital Inflammatory Disease217Female Genital Tumour818Gestational Trophoblastic Disease219Gynaecological Endocrin Disease420Endometriosis221Infertility2Total40Theoretical part (50hours)CHAPTER 1: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY[Objectives]To know shape and structure of female pelvis, to be familiar with anatomic characters which relate to delivery?To be familiar with Female reproductive anatomy of internal and external genitalia and ralationship to the organs nearbyTo know the distrebution of blood vessels, nervers and lymphatic drainage of the internal genital organsTo review the anatomy of female pelvic floor[Contents]It is very important to explain the composition of the bony pelvis, pelvic boundary, pelvic planes and pelvic diametersTo review the anatomy of female internal and external reproductive organs To introduce the distribution of blood vessels, nervers and lymphatic drainage of the internal genital organs and the anatomy of the female pelvic floor CHAPTER 2: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY[Objectives]To know the physiological characters of every stage in the female life.To keep in mind the follicular development during each cycle and the secretion of gonadal hormonesTo be familiar with the physiological action and cyclic changes in genital organsTo be familiar with regulating mechanism of the menstrual cycle[Contents]To introduce the physiological characters of every stage in the female lifeTo explain the follicular development, maturation, ovulation, luteinization and luteolysis, and the homones which the corpus lutum produces, These include :estradiol, progesterone and androgenIt is very important to explain the cyclic changes in genital organs induced by gonadal hormonesIt is very important to explain the regulating mechanism of the menstrual cycle by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-ovaries AxisCHAPTER 3: NORMAL PREGNANCY[Objectives]To be familiar with the process of fertilization, transportation, development of the fertilized ovum and implantationTo be familiar with the formation and function of the placentaTo be familiar with the growth and development of the fetusTo be familiar with the characters of the reproductive system, cardiovascular system, breast, blood and urinary system during pregnancy[Contents] It is very important to explain the process of fertilization, development of the fertilized ovum and implantation.To explain the formation of the placenta, placenta membranacea, umbilical cord, amniotic fluid and the placenta function in detailTo introduce the origin, metabolism, capacity, characters, component and functionIt is very important to explain the growth, development and physiological characters of the fetusIt is very important to explain the characters of the reproductive system, cardiovascular system, blood and urinary system during pregnancyTo introduce the other system physiological characters of mother during the PregnancyCHAPTER 4: PREGNANCY AT RISK Abortion[Objectives]Master the types and the management of abortionMaster the clinical manifestations and the management of abortion[Contents]1. Emphasize the definition of abortion2. Introduction of the etiology and the pathology changes of abortion3. Emphasize the diagnosis and the medical management of patients with an abortion4. Introduction to the differential diagnosis of hydatidiform mole, ectopic pregnancy, dysfunctional uterine bleeding and pelvic inflammatory disease and abortionEctopic Pregnancy[Objectives]Understand the definition of ectopic pregnancyEmphasize the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of tubal pregnancyMaster the medical management of tubal pregnancy[Contents] Introduction to the definition of ectopic pregnancyEmphasize the etiology, the pathology change and the result of tubal pregnancyEmphasize the clinical manifestations and the clinical diagnosis of tubal pregnancyIntroduction to the differential diagnosis about the abortion, rupture of corpus luteumpelvic inflammatory disease with the ectopic pregnancyEmphasize the medical management of patients with tubal pregnancyHypertensive States of Pregnancy[Objectives]The basic pathological physiological changes of hypertensive states of pregnancy.Master the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, main complications and their treatment of different types and different levels in hypertensive states of pregnancy Understanding the influence of maternal and fetal.Master the prevention and control measures of hypertensive states of pregnancy.[Contents] Introduction to the etiology of hypertensive states of pregnancy.Emphasize pathological physiological changes and the impact on maternal and fetal during hypertensive states of pregnancy.Emphasize the clinical manifestations, Emphasize the clinical diagnosis and differential diagnosis of hypertensive states of pregnancy.Concentrate on the prediction method of hypertensive states of pregnancy and treatment.CHAPTER 6: PREGNANCY COMPLICATED WITH INTERNAL DISEASES[Objectives]Be aware of the types of the CVS diseases affecting pregnant women and the effects of the diseases on pregnant women；Master the effects of CVS diseases on the mother and fetus；Master the treatment protocol for pregnant women with CVS diseaseMaster the influence of pregnancy on DM, master the influence of the DM on the mother, fetus and infant；Master the diagnosis and management of pregnant women with DMMaster the pathogenesis of iron deficiency anemia and the influence of iron deficiency anemia on pregnancy.;Know the etiology, diagnosis and management of megaloblastic anemia ;Know the relationship of aplastic anemia with pregnancy.[Contents] Introduction to the diagnosis of pregnancy with CVS diseases, the relationship between pregnancy, labor and CVS diseases; Introduction in detail to the classification of cardiovascular function degrees and the prophylactic factors of the maternal and fetal outcome; Emphasize perinatal nursing of pregnant women complicated with CVS diseases including antenatal, laboring and perpueral periodsIntroduction to the influence of DM on the pregnancy; Emphasize the influence of DM on the mother, fetus and newborn; Emphasize the diagnosis and management of pregnant women with DM; State the criteria of diagnosis, management and perinatal nursing of pregnant women with DM; Master the timing termination of pregnancy, the main points of management during the period of labor.Emphasize the diagnosis, prevention and management of iron deficiency anemia; Emphasize the diagnosis of megaloblastic anemia; Introduction of the management of aplastic anemiaCHAPTER 7: PREGNANCY WITH SURGICAL DISEASES[Objectives]Introduction of features, diagnosis and management of pregnancy with acute appendicitisIntroduction of the diagnosis and management of pregnancy with acute cholecystitis and cholelithiasisIntroduction of the clinical features and management of pregnancy with intestinal obstruction[Contents] Master the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis and treatment principles of pregnancy with appendicitis.Understand the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy with acute cholecystitis and cholelithiasis3,Understand the clinical features and the therapeutic principles of pregnancy with intestinal obstructionCHAPTER 8: NORMAL LABOR[Objectives] 1. Master the factors governing the course of labor2. Master the labor mechanism of the occipital presentation3. Master the clinical course and management of the labor courseContext of Teaching Emphasize the four most important factors deciding labor course such as labor course, labor canal, fetus and psychological factorsEmphasize the labor mechanism of occipital presentation and the course of the fetal head passing through the labor canalEmphasize the signs of threatened labor, diagnosis of labor and stages of the labor courseEmphasize the clinical features and management of the three stages of the labor, emphasizing the importance of the Apagar scoreEmphasize the value and usage of the labor schemeCHAPTER 9: ABNORMAL LABOR[Objectives]Master the clinical features and diagnostic importance of the abnormality of labor force, labor canal and fetal positionKnow the way of finding the abnormal factors leading to various types of abnormal labor, and master the management protocolMaster the side effects resulting from abnormal labor and master the preventing methods[Contents] Abnormal Labor ForceEmphasize the importance of an abnormal labor force during the course of abnormal laborEmphasize the types, clinical manifestation and diagnosis of an abnormal labor forceEmphasize the influence of an abnormal labor force on the labor, the mother and fetus, emphasizing the prevention and management of an abnormal labor forceAbnormal Labor CanalEmphasize the classification, diagnosis of anabnormal birth canalEmphasize the influence of the labor course on the mother and the fetusEmphasize the management of the abnormalities of the birth canalAbnormal Fetal PositionEmphasize the etiology, diagnosis and management of an abnormal fetal positionEmphasize the diagnosis and importance of the following abnormal fetal positions: constant occipital transverse, constant occipital posterior, breech presentation and shoulder presentationIntroduction to the diagnostic and therapeutic points of abnormal fetal positionCHAPTER 10: COMPLICATIONS OF LABOR & DELIVERY Uterine Rupture[Objectives] 1 .Understand the causes of uterine ruptureBe acquainted with the clinical findings and diagnosisBe acquainted with the presentational measures of uterine rupture[Contents]Generally introduce the causes of uterine ruptureEmphasize the clinical findings and diagnosis of threatened uterine rupture and uterine ruptureUnderstand the significance to the prevention of uterine rupturePostpartum Hemorrhage[Objectives] Understand the causes, clinical findings, and the diagnosis of postpartum hemorrhagePresent kinds of prevention measures of postpartum hemorrhage Master the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage[Contents] Generally introduce the common causes of postpartum hemorrhageEmphasize the clinical figures of postpartum hemorrhage caused by different reasonsEmphasize the significance of strengthened prenatal care, and prenatal managementParticularly emphasize the treatment and emergency measures of postpartum hemorrhage caused by different reasonCHAPTER 15: FEMALE GENITAL INFLAMMATORY DISEASE[Objectives] Understand vaginal normal flora, vaginal ecosystem and factors interfering with normal balanceUnderstand clinical presentation and management of vaginitis and cervicitisKnow the etiology, pathology and clinical presentation of acute pelvic inflammatory disease, know the principle and importance of prevention and complete treatmentKnow the pathology, clinical presentation and management principle of chronic pelvic inflammatory diseaseKnow the route of transmission, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management principle of genitals tuberculosis[Contents] Introduce the pathogen transmission route, the development and the result of Female pelvic inflammatory diseaseIntroduce the clinical presentation and management of vulvovaginitis and cervicitisEmphasise the etiology, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, prevention and management of acute pelvic inflammatory diseaseExplain the pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, prevention and management of chronic pelvic inflammatory diseaseEmphasize the transmission, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, prevention and management of genital tuberculosisCHAPTER 17: FEMALE GENITAL TUMORCarcinoma of Cervix Uteri[Objectives]Know the pathological changes and master the spread mode of cervical carcinomaMaster the diagnostic methods of early stage cervical carcinoma and the clinical stagingMaster the principles of management of cervical carcinoma [Contents]Generally introduce the epidemiology of cervical carcinoma nationally and internationallyGenerally introduce the histogenesis of cervical carcinoma and the pathological changes of CIN, carcinoma in situ, microinvasive carcinoma and invasive carcinomaEmphasize the mode of spread of cervical carcinoma Emphasize the staging, clinical features and diagnostic methods of cervical carcinomaGenerally introduce the importance of the screening and general treatment for cervical carcinomaEmphasize on the principles on the management of cervical carcinomaGenerally introduce the principles of diagnosis and management of the cervical carcinoma complicated with pregnancyMyomata Uteri[Objectives]Master the type, clinical presentation and treatment principles[Contents]Introduce the incidence and etiology of myomta uteriExplain the pathology, type and degenerative changes of myomata uteri in detailExplain the different clinical presentation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of each type of myomas in detailExplain the indications for surgery and non-surgery management principle of myomata uteri in detailIntroduce the relationship between myomata uteri and pregnancy, and its management principleEndometrial Cancer[Objectives]Know the clinical characteristic, diagnostic means and treatment principles of endometrial carcinoma[Contents]Emphasize the epidemiology and pathogenic factors of endometrial carcinomaEmphasize the relationship between endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial carcinoma, and the staging of endometrial carcinomaEmphasize the clinical presentation of endometrial carcinomaEmphasize the diagnostic means of endometrial carcinoma, especially the importance of fractional dilation and curettage (D&C).Emphasize the application of surgical treatment, radiotherapy and high-effective progestin according to the different conditions in the treatmentOvarian Tumor[Objectives]Know the histogenesis and classification of ovarian tumors. Know the pathology and clinical features of common ovarian tumorMaster the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant tumorsKnow well the common complications of ovarian tumors and its diagnosis and managementknow the principles of diagnosis and management of ovarian tumors complicated with pregnancy[Contents]1 .Generally introduce the etiology of ovarian tumorsGenerally introduce histogenesis and classification of ovarian tumorsExplain the pathology and clinical features of common types of ovarian tumorExplain the clinical staging and assistant diagnostic tests of malignancyExplain the complications of ovarian tumorsCHAPTER 18: GESTATIONAL TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASE[Objectives]Know the definition, pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of hydatidiform mole and invasive moleKnow the pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of choriocarcinoma[Contents] Emphasize the pathology, clinical presentation, diagnosis (including laboratory examination, etc), differential diagnosis, treatment and application of preventive chemotherapy of hydatidiform mole, and the importance of its follow-upEmphasize the definition, pathology, clinical characteristic, diagnosis and treatment (chemotherapy and surgical treatment) of invasive moleEmphasize the pathology, clinical presentation, metastatic presentation, diagnosis and treatment of choriocarcinoma, especially introduce the application of chemotherapyCHAPTER 19: GYNECOLOGICAL ENDOCRINE DISEASEDysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (DUB)[Objectives]Know main precipitating factors and bleeding pathogenesis of DUBMaster the clinical classification and clinical features of DUBKnow the means for diagnosing and main points for differential diagnosis.Master the treatment principles and specific measures[Contents]Introduce the main etiology and pathogenesis of DUBEmphasize the pathology and clinical features of different types of DUBIntroduce the assisted means for diagnosis including basal temperature chart, endometrial biopsy, test of cervical mucus, hormone assays, and know their usage and significanceIntroduce the diagnostic essentials of DUB different from other disease ,including whole body disease ,for example blood disease and partial organic disease including ectopic pregnancy ,genital tract infections, genital tract tumorEmphasize the principle and measures of treatment (particularly anovulatory DUB). Emphasize particularly measures of hormone therapyAmenorrhoea[Objectives]Determine that Amenorrhoea is a symptom but isn't a disease, including different cause factors and pathogenesis’sKnow main means for diagnosis of AmenorrhoeaKnow the treatment principle of different causes of Amenorrhoea[Contents]Introduce the etiology, classification of amenorrhea and the pathogenesis of every type amenorrheaEmphasize how to diagnose Amenorrhoea and emphasize knowing the supplementary means for diagnosis and the steps for diagnose definitelyEmphasize that we must formulate treatment measures according to different cause of AmenorrhoeaCHAPTER 20: ENDOMETRIOSIS[Objectives]Understand the etiology and the pathology of the endometriosisEmphasize the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of the patients with endometriosisMaster the medical management of the endometriosis[Contents] Introduction of the definition and etiology about endometriosisEmphasize the pathology, the clinical manifestations and the clinical diagnosis of the endometriosisEmphasize the medical management of the endometriosisCHAPTER 21: INFERTILITY[Objectives]Understand the etiologic factors of infertilityEmphasize the clinical diagnosis and the clinical manifestations of infertility[Contents] Introduction of definition and etiologic factors of infertilityMaster the medical examination and diagnosis of infertilityEmphasize the medical management of infertilityREFERENCES全国高等院校教材：《妇产科学》，第六版，乐杰主编，2006年，人民卫生出版社《妇产科理论与实践》，王淑珍主编，1993，上海科学出版社《中华妇产科学》，曹泽毅主编，1999，人民卫生出版社Novak’s Gynecology, 12th Edition, Berek JS, et al, 1996Williams Obestetrics, 20th Edition Pritchaard JA. et al, 1997Handbook of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 19th Edition, Benson RC, Pernoll ML，1994Obstetrics and Gynecology. 5th Edition. Daforth DN, et al: 1986.Clinical Gynecologic Endocrinology and Infertility, 5th Edition, Speroff L., et al, 1994Practical Gynecologic Oncology, 2nd Edition Berek JS, et al: 1994Williams Obstetrics.21st Edition Cunningham FG, et al: 2001《妇产科学》，第一版, 董悦，魏丽惠主编，北京大学医学出版社，2003年《临床医学英文重点词汇手册》，王衫，杨宗于主编，北京大学第二临床医学院出版，2001The Syllabus of PediatricsApplicable students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 72 hours to study this course. The study of theory consists of 36 hours and the practice take up 36 hours. Course Introduction:Pediatrics is the study of the development from the fetus to adolescents, the health care and disease prevention and clinical disciplines. This course enables students to master preventive health measures for children, the development pattern of pediatric diseases, the diagnosis of common diseases and prevention and control programs.The Basic Objectives:Through this course students will master the growth and development characteristics of children and breast-feeding benefits, the pediatric clinical manifestations of common diseases and the diagnosis and treatment principles.Teaching Plan: ChapterContentsLecturePracticeChapter 1,2,3The Scope of Pediatrics, Growth and Development, Child Health Care42Chapter 4Nutrition and Nutrition Disorders22Chapter 5Diseases of Newborn Infants64Chapter 8Autoimmune Diseases2Chapter 9Infectious Diseases24Chapter 10Acute Gastrointestinal Tract Disease2Chapter 11Respiratory Diseases44Chapter 12Cardiovascular System Diseases44Chapter 13Kidney and Urinary Tract44Chapter 14Hematopoietic System Diseases44Chapter 15Nervous System Diseases24Medical Report Writing4Total3636CHAPTER 1: The Scope of Pediatrics[Objectives]Master the growth of children and its characteristics.Be familiar with the characteristics of pediatricsMaster the each age stage of children and its characteristics[Contents]The range and task of pediatrics.Each age stage of children and its characteristics.The foundation and clinical characteristics of pediatrics.CHAPTER 2: Child Growth and Development[Objectives]Master each index of child growth and development (including measure methods, normal data, calculations, etc.).Master the law of nerval mind development of children.Master the knowledge of preventive inoculation.Be familiar with the law and influencing factors of child growth and development.Master the knowledge of preventive inoculation.[Contents]Theory The law and influencing factors of child growth and development. Each index of child growth and development (including measure methods, normal data, calculations, etc.) The law of nerval mind development of child.The content and sequence of preventive inoculation.PracticeMeasure trace elements and IQ, estimate nerval action.CHAPTER 3: Child Health Care [Objectives]Master the principles of health care for all age groups. Understand the specific measures of children's health. Grasp children’s vaccinations.[Contents]The principle of health care for children of all ages. Specific measures for pediatric health care. Various elements of pediatric vaccination with the implementation process. CHAPTER 4: Nutrition and Nutritional Disorders4.1 Pediatric Nutrition and Feeding[Objectives]Become familiar with the feature of the pediatric metabolism and nutritional requirements. Master infant feeding and the complementary feeding principles. Understand the assessment of the nutritional status of children.[Contents]The needs of energy, water and a variety of nutrient needs for children and their clinical significance. The advantages of breastfeeding, methods and weaning time, attention points and promotion of breastfeeding. New ideas for breast-feeding. Mixed feeding, artificial feeding in the milk, goat milk, milk substitutes indications, advantages and disadvantages, ingredients and methods. The principle of complementary feeding, type and time. The preparation of the principles of early childhood diet, types and methods. Assessment of the nutritional status of children. 4.2 Nutritional Vitamin D Deficiency[Objectives]Become familiar with the appropriate definition.Become familiar with the etiology.Master the pathogenesis and pathology.Mater the clinical manifestation of rickets. Understand the differential diagnosisMaster the treatment and preventionMaster the clinical manifestations.Understand the differential diagnosisMaster the treatment and prevention[Contents]Theory 1. Definition.2. Etiology.3. The pathology and physiopathology of rickets through vitamin D deficiency (including the parathyroid effect to the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus).4. The clinical manifestations (symptoms, signs, X-ray and biochemical examination).5. The differential diagnosis of rickets of anti-vitamin D.6. The treatment, prevention, synthetical treatments (including outside exercise, reasonable feeding, prevention of complications, use of vitamin D and calcium) and prevent froraccticeg vitamin D.CHAPTER 5: Neonate and Neonatal Diseases5.1 Introduction[Objectives]Master?the?classification?of?newborn infants.Master?the?physical features of newborn infantsBe familiar with?the?definition?of?perinatology and neonatal period.Be familiar with several?physiological states of newborn infants, including physiologic jaundice, pseudomenstration, and enlargement of the breasts, hymenal tags, milia and erythema toxicum.Understand the?influence factors?on the?fetus’ growth?and?development.Understand the characteristics and physiological handicaps and clinical hazards of preterm infants.Master the?classification?of?newborn infants.Master the characteristics and routine care of full-born infants and pre-born infants.Master the several?physiological states of newborn infants.[Contents]TheoryThe?definition?of?perinatology and neonatal period.The?factors?that influence?fetus’ growth?and?development.The?classification?of?newborn infants, including the terms?infant, pre-term?infant, post-term?infant, LGA, SGA, AGA, normal birth weight, low birth weight, very low birth weight and macrosomia.The?physical features of newborn infants, including the attributes, respiratory system, circulatory system, urinary system, hematological system, alimentary system, nervous system, immune system, thermoregulation, skin, umbilical cord, water metabolism and high risk neonates. The several?physiological states of newborn infants, including physiologic jaundice, pseudomenstration, and enlargement of the breasts, hymenal tags, milia and erythema toxicum.The characteristics and physiological handicaps and clinical hazards of preterm infants.PracticeVisit neonatal ward: observe the characteristics of full-term infants and pre-born infants and learn the routine care of neonates. 5.2 Asphyxia of Newborns[Objectives]Master?the clinical manifestations, especially the Apgar Score.Master?the?management, including being prepared for resuscitation and the initial steps of resuscitation.Be familiar with?the?definition?of?asphyxia with newborn infants.Be familiar with the etiology and pathophysiology.Be familiar with laboratory findings and complications.Master the Apgar Score and resuscitation for asphyxia with newborn infants[Contents]Theory 1. The definition of asphyxia with newborn infants.2. Etiology and pathophysiology.3. The clinical manifestations, especially the Apgar Score.4. The management, including being prepared for resuscitation and the initial steps of resuscitation (maintenance of temperature, establishing an open airway, initiating breathing and maintaining circulation)5. The laboratory findings and complications.Practice1. Estimate asphyxia with newborns through the Apgar Score.2. Manage asphyxia with newborns, including being prepared for resuscitation and the initial steps of resuscitation (maintenance of temperature, establishing an open airway, initiating breathing and maintaining circulation).3. Use of the resuscitation bag.5.3 Hypoxic-ischemic Encephalipathy[Objectives]Master?the clinical manifestations, including mild, moderate and serious hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Master the diagnosis, including the stages of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in term infants.Be familiar with?the?definition?of?hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Be familiar with the etiology, pathophysiology and pathology.Understand?the treatment and prognosis.Master to define the clinical manifestations, including mild, moderate and serious hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.[Contents]Theory 1. The concept of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy of newborn infants.2. The etiology, pathophysiology and pathology.3. The clinical manifestations, including mild, moderately and severe HIE.4. The?diagnosis, especially the stages of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in term infants.5. The treatment and prognosis.Practice1. Observe clinical manifestations of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in the mild, moderately and severe degree.2. Observe clinical changes from birth to 12 hours, 12-24 hours and after 24 hours.5.4 Neonatal Jaundice[Objectives]Become familiar with?the?characteristics?of?newborns.Master several?of common pathological?jaundice.Master?the characteristics?of?physiological?jaundice?and?its?mechanisms.Understand the?associated factors?of kernicterus, prevention and cure method of jaundice. Master?the?indication?and?use?of?phototherapy.Master to define the characteristics?of?physiological?jaundice?and?its?mechanismMaster to define the differential diagnosis of several of?common pathological jaundic.[Contents]Theory The?characteristics?of?newborn infant’s?bilirubin metabolism. The?characteristics?of?physiological?jaundice?and?its?mechanism.Several?of common pathological?jaundice, including?hemolytic?disease with?newborn infants, hepatitis with newborn infants, germ infective jaundice and congenital biliary?atresia. The characteristics?of?clinical diagnosis and therapy respectively.The?associated factors?of kernicterus, prevention and cure method of jaundice. The?indication?and?methods?of?phototherapy.Practice1. Estimate jaundice by visual observation.2. Know the?indications?and methods?of?phototherapy.CHAPTER 8: Autoimmune Diseases 8.1 Anaphylactoid Purpura[Objectives]Understand the cause of allergic purpura and pathogenesis. Understand the pathological changes in anaphylactoid purpura. Grasp the clinical manifestations of anaphylactoid purpura. Become familiar with the disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Become familiar with the treatment of allergic purpura and its control. [Contents]Allergic purpura etiology and pathogenesis. Pathological changes in anaphylactoid purpura. Clinical manifestations of allergic purpura. Allergic purpura diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Allergic purpura treatment and prevention. 8.2: KAWASAKI[Objectives]To understand the etiology and pathology of the Kawasaki disease. Master the clinical manifestations and diagnostic criteria of the Kawasaki disease. Master the treatment of the Kawasaki disease.[Contents]The etiology and pathology of the Kawasaki disease. The clinical manifestations of the Kawasaki disease. Typical and atypical cases of the diagnostic criteria of the Kawasaki disease. The general treatment of the Kawasaki disease and the treatment of new developments. CHAPTER 9: Infectious Diseases?9.1 Tuberculosis[Objectives]Become familiar with the concept of tuberculosis.Master the clinical manifestations, including initial tuberculosis, reinfection pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous pleurisy, military tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis and tuberculous lymphadenitis.Master the diagnostic tests and procedures of the tuberculin test.Understand the treatment.Master the clinical manifestations.Master the procedures of the tuberculin test and be able to explain the reaction[Contents]Theory 1. The concept of tuberculosis.2. The clinical manifestations, including initial tuberculosis, reinfection pulmonary tuberculosis, tuberculous pleurisy, military tuberculosis, tuberculous meningitis and tuberculous lymphadenitis.3. The diagnostic tests and procedures of the the tuberculin test.4. Treatment.Practice1. The tuberculin test procedures and its reaction.2. Chest X-ray manifestations of tuberculosis.CHAPTER 10: Gastrointestinal Tract10.1 Infantile Diarrhea[Objectives]Become familiar with the concept of infantile?diarrhea.?Master?the?pathophysiology and clinical?manifestation of?infantile?diarrhea.??Master?the?etiologic diagnosis?of?infantile?diarrhea.Understand?the differential?diagnosis?of?infantile?diarrhea.Master the treatment principles and methods.?Understand the prevention.Master the?etiologic diagnosis?of?infantile?diarrhea.Master the treatment principles and methods.[Contents]Theory1. The concept of infantile?diarrhea.?2. The?pathophysiology and clinical?manifestations of?infantile?diarrhea.??3. The?etiologic diagnosis?of?infantile?diarrhea.4. The?differential?diagnosis?of?infantile?diarrhea.5. The treatment principles and methods.?6. Prevention.Practice1. Fluid therapy for dehydration caused by diarrhea.2. Make fluids with different osmotic pressure.CHAPTER 11: Diseases of the Respiratory System[Objectives]Understand the physiological characteristics of children with respiratory anatomy. Become familiar with the cause of upper respiratory tract infections and its clinical manifestations, complications, prevention and treatment. Understand the classification of children with pneumonia. Understand the control of children with bronchial pneumonia etiology, and its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment. Become familiar with the complications of bronchial pneumonia. Become familiar with a number of different pathogens and the clinical features caused by bronchial pneumonia. [Contents]Physiological characteristics of children with respiratory anatomy. The causes of upper respiratory tract infection, and its clinical manifestations, complications, prevention and treatment. Pneumonia category. Bronchial pneumonia and the clinical performance and characteristics of severe pneumonia. Bronchial pneumonia complications. Pneumonia and bronchitis, bronchial foreign body, tuberculosis identification. Several common pathogens caused by the different clinical features of bronchial pneumonia. Bronchial pneumonia treatment, including the principles and the use of antibiotics treatment, the treatment of severe pneumonia and the main points. CHAPTER 12: Cardiovascular System Diseases[Objectives]Understand the fetal circulation and postnatal hemodynamic changes. Become familiar with the causes of congenital heart diseases, and its classification, prevention and treatment principles. Grasp the atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and tetralogy of Fallot pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, Common complications.[Contents]Normal fetal blood circulation and blood circulation changes after birth. Congenital heart disease etiology and its classification, prevention and treatment principles. Congenital heart disease pathophysiology, and its clinical manifestations, X-ray examination, electrocardiogram changes, heart diagram characteristics, ultrasonic diagnostic methods and complications. Cardiac catheterization, cardiovascular imaging features and the clinical significance. The treatment of congenital heart diseases. CHAPTER 13: Urinary System Diseases?13.1 Acute Glomerulonephritis[Objectives]Master the etiology and pathogenesis of acute glomerulonephritis.Master the clinical manifestations of acute glomerulonephritis.Master the urine and blood test for acute glomerulonephritis.Understand the differential diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis.Become familiar with the treatment of typical cases and severe cases of acute nephritis (hypertensive encephalopathy, circulatory congestion, acute renal insufficiency).Master the clinical manifestation of acute glomerulonephritisMaster the urine and blood test for acute glomerulonephritis[Contents]Theory1. The etiology and pathogenesis of acute glomerulonephritis.2. The clinical manifestation of acute glomerulonephritis.3. The urine and blood test for acute glomerulonephritis.4. The differential diagnosis of acute glomerulonephritis.5. The treatment of typical cases and severe cases of acute nephritis (hypertensive encephalopathy, circulatory congestion, acute renal insufficiency).PracticeAcute glomerulonephritis case demonstration13.2 Nephrotic Syndrome[Objectives]Master the pathophysiology of the primary nephrotic syndrome.Master the clinical manifestation and difference between simple nephrosis and nephritis nephrosis.Become familiar with the common complications of the primary nephrotic syndrome.Master the therapy of the primary nephrotic syndrome.Master the therapy of primary nephrotic syndrome.[Contents]TheoryThe pathophysiology of the primary nephrotic syndrome.2. The clinical manifestations and difference between simple nephrosis and nephritis nephrosis, (including the onset age, laboratory examination, pathology, prognosis).3. The common complications of the primary nephrotic syndrome, (infection, disorder of electrolyte, adrenal crisis, etc.).4. Therapy of the primary nephrotic syndrome, (corticosteroid and other therapies).PracticeNephrotic syndrome case demonstrationCHAPTER 14: Hematopoietic System Diseases 14.1 Features of the Blood in Children[Objectives]Become familiar with the red blood cell system.Become familiar with the white blood cell systemBecome familiar with the platelet system.[Contents]Theory1. The red blood cell system.2. The white blood cell system3. The platelet system.14.2 Anemia[Objectives]Become familiar with the definition of anemia.Master the classification and manifestation of anemia.Understand the diagnosis.Master the classification and manifestation of anemia[Contents]Theory1. The definition of anemia.2. The classification and manifestation of anemia.3. The diagnosis.Chapter 15: Nervous System Diseases[Objectives]Become familiar with common pathogens in the brains of children. Understand the pathogenesis and pathology of the brains of children. Master the clinical manifestations and common complications in the brains of children. Master the disease diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Control the measures and the treatment complications. [Contents]TheoryEtiology, pathogenesis and the pathology of common pathogenic bacteria. The clinical manifestations of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid changesThe common clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment of complications of the main points of the brain. Diagnosis of the brain and the differential diagnosis of the main points.The principles of antibiotic therapy and medication, dosage, usage, and the course of treatment. PracticalThe pathogenesis and pathological changes described in clinical manifestations. The general law. The clinical characteristics of children of different ages; different pathogens of the brain caused by clinical features. Teachers, combined with clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid about the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Combined with sick children to explain a common complication (subdural effusion) in the clinical features and treatment. Combined with cases of the brain to explain treatment.REFERENCES1. Illustrated textbook of Pediatrics, 2nd Edition, Tom Lissauer Graham Clayden, 20012. Emergency Pediatrics, Fifth Edition, Barkin Rosen, 19993. Neonatology, 5th Edition, Fricia Lacy Gomella, 20044. Textbook of Neonatal Resuscitation, 4th, Edition John Kattwinkel, 20005. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 16th EditionTHE SYLLABUS OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGYApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 32 hours to study this course. The study of theory needs 20 hours; the study of experimental skill needs 12 hours. Course Introduction:Neurology is one branch of the clinical medicine, it’s main task is to study and research the proceed and development rule of central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system diseases and muscle diseases, and the principle of diagnosis, prevention and cure.Our lectures will let students master the rational, essential knowledge and essential skill of neurology, master the basic work way and operation way. To initial master the etiological factor, pathogenesis, clinical situation, diagnosis and the principle of diagnosis, prevention and cure of common and frequently occurring neurology disease, which make basis for medical students working in medicine, teaching and science research.The Basic ObjectivesTo know the object and extent of neurology and its position in the clinical specialty and learning method;To master the presenting symptoms and signs of nervous system disease;To be familiar with the principle of anatomical diagnosis and qualitative diagnosis in nervous system disease;To know the commonly used auxiliary examination in the nervous system disease.Teaching period plan: ChapterContentsLecturePractice1Disorders of Consciousness 22Headache & Facial Pain 23Disorder of Equilibrium 24Disturbances of Vision 25Moter Deficits 26Disorders of Somatic sensation 27Movement disorders 28Seizures & Syncope 29Stroke 4Total2012Theoretical part (20hours)CHAPTER 1: Disorders of Consciousness[Objectives] To master the approach to diagnosis；the symptoms and signs of bacterial meningitis，tuberculous meningitis，viral meningitis & encephalitis， and the differential diagnosis.To understand the neurologic examination；the pathology and treatment of bacterial meningitis，tuberculous meningitis，viral meningitis & encephalitis；the conditions that can cause acute confusional states.[Contents]The concept of acute confusional states.Approach to diagnosis: history, general physical examination, neurologic examination, laboratory investigations.The reasons can cause acute confusional states: drugs, endocrine disturbances, electrolyte disorders, nutritional disorders, organ system failure, meningitis, encephalitis & sepsis, vascular disorders, head trauma, seizures, psychiatric disorders.Bacterial meningitis: Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and treatment.Tuberculous meningitis: Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and treatment.Viral meningitis & encephalitis: Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and treatment.CHAPTER 2 Headache & Facial Pain[Objectives] To understand the causes of headache and facial pain.To understand the pathology, pathophysilogy of subarachnoid hemorrhage. To master the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.To understand clinical features of migraine.To master diagnosis of migraine, differential diagnosis and treatment.[Contents]Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Etiology (atherosclerosis, aneurysms, and arteriovenous malformation), pathogenesis (rupture of aneurysms, bleeding, vascular spasm), pathology (usual positions of aneurysms),clinical features(signs of meningeal irritation, fewer local signs), diagnosis and differential diagxzosis, treatment(treatment and prevention of vascular spasm)， prevention.Etiology and pathogeny of migrain: unknown cause, to introduce main theory of causation.Clinical features of migrain: to elaborate on the course and featuresDiagnosis and identified diagnosis of migrain: the evidence supporting diagnosis,Distinguishing between headache causing epilepsy, hypertension, five sense organ's disorders and vascular headache.Treatment and prevention of migrain: drugs for attack (vasoconstrictor), drug for prevention (anti-S-HT, anti-histomine, B-blocker).Chapter 3 Disorder of equilibrium[Objectives] To understand the concept of the equilibrium，Characteristics of central and peripheral vertigo. Characteristics of three ataxias: cerebella ataxia, vestibular ataxia and sensory ataxia. Clinical pictures of hypertensive cerebella hemorrhage.To master the anatomic origin of the vertigo, distinction between central and peripheral vertigo，the clinical manifestations of cerebella ataxia. [Contents]The concept of the equilibrium.The anatomic origin of the vertigo.The characteristics of central and peripheral vertigo. The characteristics of three ataxias: cerebella ataxia, vestibular ataxia and sensory ataxia.The presentation, diagnose and treatment of hypertensive cerebella hemorrhage. Chapter 4 Disturbances of Vision[Objectives] To master the functional anatomy of visual system, the functional anatomy of the ocular motor system and the vascular supply of the visual system.To master the clinical features of different lesions in the visual pathways, clinical features of eye movement disorders.[Contents]The functional anatomy of the visual system.Disorders of the visual system: monocular disorders, binocular disorders.The functional anatomy of the ocular motor systemDisorders of ocular motility: gaze palsy, internuclear ophthalmoplegia, oculomotor (iii) nerve lesions, trochlear (iv) nerve lesions, abducens (vi) nerve lesions, diabetic ophthalmoplegias, painful ophthalmoplegias, myasthenia gravis, ocular myopathies Chapter 5 Mote Deficits[Objectives] To master the anatomy of the pathway of voluntary movement.To master the clinical features of upper motor neuron lesions and the lower motor neuron lesions.To understand the clinical features of the myasthenia gravis and the multiple sclerosis.[Contents]The anatomy of the pathway of voluntary movement.Localizing diagnosis of paralysis: Upper motor neuron includes the cortex, the internal capsule, brain stem and spinal cord. Lower motor neuron includes the anterior horn, anterior root and peripheral nerve.The differences between upper motor neuron lesions and the lower motor neuron lesions.The presentation, diagnose and treatment of myasthenia gravis.The presentation, diagnose and treatment of multiple sclerosisChapter 7 Movement disorders[Aims and requirement]To understand the classification of some movements disorders classified as tremor, chorea, athetosis or dystonia, ballismus, myoclonus, or tics.To master the classification and characteristics of tremor and myoclonus.To master the etiology, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnose and treatment of Parkinsonism. [Contents]The functional anatomy of movement disorders.The common type of movement disordersThe clinical features of tremor, chorea, athetosis or dystonia, ballismus, myoclonus, or tics.The etiology, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnose and treatment of Parkinsonism. Chapter 8 Epilepsy[Objectives] To understand the etiology, classification and principles of epilepsy.To know the clinical features and diagnosis of epilepsy well.To master the treatment and prevention of epilepsy and status epilepticus.[Contents]Etiology: epilepsy is divided 2 groups, symptomatic and idiopathic, according the cause.Pathophysiology.Clinical features: generalized seizure, partial or focal seizure, complex partial seizuresDiagnosis and differential diagnosis: the evidence supporting diagnosis, and the value of electroencephalogram. distinguish from hysterical attack, syncope hemicrania and migrain. Find out the reasons for symptomatic epilepsy.Treatment and prevention: Control the factors causing epilepsy, treatment of status epilepticus and epilepsy cause.Chapter 9 Stroke（1）[Objectives] Understand the classification of cerebrovascular disease, the etiology, pathology of focal cerebral ischemia. Etiology, pathology, clinical findings, treatment of global cerebral ischemia.[Contents]1. Approach to diagnosis: acute onset, duration of deficits, focal involvement, the anatomy of cerebral vascular system and the features of infarction of main arteries.2. Focal cerebral ischemia: etiology (the changes to the artery wall, atherosclerosis),pathogenesis (the change to the artery wall, risk factors of cerebrovascular disease), pathology（usual site and pathology of infarction), clinicoanatomic correlation, clinical findings(onset, symptoms and signs), diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment.[Focal and difficult points]Focus: Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and signs of cerebral ischemia.Difficulty: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment of cerebral ischemia .Chapter 10 Stroke（2）[Aims and requirement]To master the clinic anatomic correlation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of focal cerebral ischemia, the clinical findings of intracerebral hemorrhage[Contents]Intracerebral hemorrhage: etiology, pathology, clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, and treatment.[Focal and difficult points]Focus: Clinical features and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.Difficulty: Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of focal cerebral ischemia.REFERENCESYoumans Neuroloical Surgery, 5th Edition, Volume 1-4, Printed in the United States of America, H. Richard Winn, M. D, 2004Textbook of Neurological Surgery Principles and Practice, Volume1-4, Printed in USA, H. Hunt Batjer, M. D., F. A. C. S., and Christopher M. Loftus, M. D., F. A. C. S., 2003THE SYLLABUS OF PSYCHIATRYINTRODUCTIONApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 36 hours to study this course. TEACHING HOURS DISTRIBUTION序号ContentsTheoryIntroduction2Chapter 1Symptoms of mental disorders2Chapter 2Schizophrenia4Chapter 3Mood disorders2Chapter 4Mental disorders due to brain or physical diseases4Chapter 5Mental disorders due to psychoactive substances2Chapter 6Stress-related disorders2Chapter 7Neurosis and hystria 4Chapter 8Psychosomatic disorders2Chapter 9Physiological disorders related to psychological factors2Chapter 10Personality disorders and psychosexual disorders2Chapter 11Suicidal behavior and crisis intervention2Chapter 12Mental disorders in childhood2Chapter 13Therapeutics: Somatotherapy; Psychotherary4Total36INTRODUCTION[Objectives]Master the concept of psychiatry, mental heath and mental disorders.Get familiar with the importance of psychiatry in medicine, the etiology of mental disorders, the classification of mental disorders and some other concepts.Understand the history, present situation and prospect of psychiatry. [Contents]The concept and mission of psychiatry, the relationship between psychiatry and other clinical sciences and the important status and function of psychiatry in the new medical modelThe history of psychiatry as well as the representative people in different phases and the important theory of each phaseThe overview of the development of contemporary psychiatryThe prospect of psychiatry and the mission that psychiatrists face The etiology of mental disordersBasic concepts related with pathogenic factors of mental disorders: diathesis factors, inducing factors, risk factors and so onThe common nosogenesis of mental disordersThe pathogenesis of mental disorders: the integration of biological factors and psychosocial factorsClassification of mental disorders: emphasis on current psychiatric classifications in our countryThe basic principle of mental disorder classificationThe brief introduction of DSM-Ⅳ, ICD-10 and CCMD-3CHAPTER 1: SYMPTOMS OF MENTAL DISORDERS[Objectives]Comprehend the concept of the normal mental activity.Master the common symptoms and syndromes of mental disorders, clinical features and examples as well as clinical significance.Get familiar with the meaning of other familiar psychiatric symptoms and the classification of psychiatric symptoms.[Contents]The concept of the normal mental activityIntroduce common symptoms and syndromes of mental disorders with video: Esthesia and perception disturbanceThought disturbanceAttention disturbanceMemory disturbanceIntelligence disturbanceOrientation disturbanceInsight disturbanceEmotional disturbance: elation, euphoria, depression, anxiety, phobia, apathy, parathymia, emotional fragility, pathological affectBulia disturbance: hyperbulia, hypobulia, abuliaBehavioral disturbanceConsciousness disturbance: drowsiness, clouding of consciousness, confusion, coma, twilight state, deliriumGet familiar with syndromes of mental disorders.CHAPTER 2: SCHIZOPHRENIA[Objectives]Master the descriptive definition, clinical characteristics, clinical types, principles of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of schizophrenia. Be familiar with the diagnosis criteria in ICD-10 and the principles of treatment, the applied principles and the side effect of antipsychotics, prevention and recovery of schizophrenia.Understand contemporary research progress concerning the etiology of schizophrenia. [Contents]General introduction of the domestic and international incidence of schizophrenia, importance of knowing the prevention and treatment of schizophrenia2. Contemporary research progress concerning the etiology of schizophreniaClinical features and characteristic symptoms of schizophreniaThe concept of positive and negative symptomsCharacteristic symptoms and familiar symptomsThe familiar clinical types of schizophreniaThe diagnosis and differential diagnosisThe factors need to take into account to diagnoseThe concept of first-rank symptomsThe diagnosis criteria in ICD-10TreatmentThe treatment of antipsychotics: the principles of medication, the choice of common antipsychotics, the main adverse effect of antipsychotics and the principles of managementThe indications of psychotherapy, the importance of family and society as support factors for the treatment in order to recover from illnessCHAPTER 3: MOOD DISORDERS[Objectives]1. Master the descriptive concept, main clinical features, clinical types and principles of diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders.2. Get familiar with the main antidepressants which are commonly used in clinical treatment and their side effects. 3. Understand of the epidemiology, main etiology and pathology of mood disorders.[Contents]General introduction of the concept, epidemiology, correlated factors, etiology and pathology of mood disordersMood disorders—the typical clinical features of manic episode and depressive episodeThe clinical types, course and prognosis of mood disordersThe diagnosis of mood disorders and the differential diagnosis with other mental disorders (such as stress-related disorder)The medication of manic episode and depressive episode, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and psychotherapies and the prevention of relapseCHAPTER 4: MENTAL DISORDERS DUE TO BRAIN OR PHYSICAL DISEASE[Objectives]1. Master the concept, common clinical features of mental disorders due to brain disease.2. Master the etiology, clinical features and diagnosis and treatment principles of acute brain syndrome and chronic brain syndrome. 3. Get familiar with senile mental disorders due to brain disease: the clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and mental disorders due to brain vascular disease.4. Understand of the types and clinical features of mental disorders due to brain disease.5. Get familiar with the concept, content, etiology and pathology of mental disorders due to physical disease. 6. Master the clinical features of mental disorders due to physical disease.7. Understand the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of mental disorders due to physical disease. [Contents]The concept, familiar clinical features of mental disorders due to brain diseaseThe types and clinical features of the familiar mental disorder due to brain diseases: mental disorders due to intracranial infection, brain trauma, epilepsy and brain tumours.The etiology, clinical features and treatment of acute brain diseaseThe etiology, clinical features and treatment of dementia syndrome and amnestic syndromeThe clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD)The diagnosis principles of mental disorders due to brain diseaseThe concept, types, incidence, etiology and pathogenesis of mental disorders due to physical diseaseThe clinical features of mental disorders due to physical disease: the common syndromes as well as the changes of somatic and nervous systemsSyndrome of mental debilityThe acute brain disease syndromeThe chronic brain disease syndromeThe diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mental disorders due to physical diseasesThe treatment of mental disorders due to physical diseasesThe etiologic treatment Symptomatic and supportive treatmentThe peaceful environment and good nursingCHAPTER 5: MENTAL DISORDERS DUE TO PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES[Objectives]Master the general concepts, such as psychoactive substances, dependence, psychological dependence, physical dependence, poisoning, withdrawal syndrome, etc.Master the main clinical features and treatment principles of alcohol dependence, withdrawal syndrome of alcohol and opiates inducing mental disorders.Get familiar with the types of mental disorders due to psychoactive substances.Understand of the mechanism of physical dependence.Understand of the clinical features and treatment of the addiction to barbiturates and benzodiazepines.Understand the measures of preventing return to drug abuse and psychosocial therapy.[Contents]The common concepts, such as psychoactive substances, dependence, psychological dependence, physical dependence, poisoning, withdrawal syndrome, etc.The classification of psychoactive substances; the classification according to pharmacological featuresThe reasons using psychoactive substances and pathogenesis: social factors, personality factors, biological factorsMental disorders due to alcoholThe clinical features of acute alcohol poisoning The clinical features of chronic alcohol poisoning The clinical features of withdrawal from alcoholThe earlier discovery of dependence on alcohol, interferes and recovery from illness, behavior therapy, psychotherapy and drug treatmentThe clinical features and treatment principles of mental disorder due to opiatesThe clinical features and treatment principles of addiction to other psychoactive substances, such as barbiturates, benzodiazepines, tobaccos and amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS)The measures of preventing return to drug abuse and psychosocial therapyCHAPTER 6: STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS[Objectives]1. Master the basic concepts, clinical types and clinical features of stress-related disorders.2. Be familiar with the principle of diagnosis and treatment of stress-related disorders.3. Understand epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of stress-related disorders. [Contents]The concept of stress, the factors influence the reaction of stress, the epidemiology of stress-related disordersThe clinical types and features of stress-related disordersThe clinical types: acute stress disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder and adjustment disorderThe diagnosis and treatment of stress-related disordersCHAPTER 7: NEUROSIS AND HYSTERIA[Objectives]Master the common characteristics of neurosis, the clinical features and treatment principles of hysteria and the main types of neurosis.Be familiar with psychological mechanism of neurosis, the basic theory of psychotherapy and the treatment of hysteria and the main types of neurosis.Understand the concept, epidemiology, biological etiology, diagnosis and differential diagnosis as well as prevention of neurosis.[Contents]The introduction of neurosisThe descriptive concept, historical evolvement, epidemiology of neurosisThe clinical types of neurosisThe etiology and pathogenesis of neurosisThe common characteristics and general treatment principles of neurosis, including psychotherapy and medicationThe main types of neurosis: Anxious neurosis: the clinical features and treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, the clinical features, differential diagnosis with cardiovascular disease, diagnosis and treatment of panic disorderObsessive-compulsive neurosis: the clinical features, diagnosis, medication, theory and practice of Morita therapyPhobia: the clinical characteristics (differential diagnosis with anxious neurosis), common types and features (including simple phobia, agoraphobia and social phobia), diagnosis, medication, cognitive behavior therapySomatoform disorders: the clinical characteristics and types, the clinical features and treatment of hypochondriasisNeurasthenic: the typical clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatmentHysteria: the concept and history, the types and clinical features of dissociative disorder and conversion disorder, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and hint treatmentThe prevention of neurosisDevelop healthy personality and establishing the appropriate social interactionEarlier period discovery, earlier period consulting, earlier period treatmentCHAPTER 8: PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS[Objectives]Master the difference between psychosomatic disorders and neurosis.Get familiar with the pathology of psychosomatic disorders.Understand the concept and pathogenesis of psychosomatic disorders.Understand the classification of psychosomatic disorders and the common diseases closely related to psychosomatic disorders. [Contents]The concept and phylogeny of psychosomatic disordersThe pathogenesis of psychosomatic disordersThe classification of psychosomatic disorders and the common diseases related with psychosomatic disorders closely: bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer, primary hypertension, cancer and hyperthyroidismThe difference between psychosomatic disorders and neurosisCHAPTER 9: PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDERS RELATED TO PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS[Objectives]Master the concepts and clinical features of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in eating disorders.Master the treatment principles of sleeping disorders.Get familiar with the etiology and classification of sleeping disorders.Understand epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment principles of eating disorders.[Contents]The concept, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features and diagnosis of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosaThe treatment of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosaMedicationPsychotherapy: cognitive therapy, behavior therapy, family therapyOther treatment: rectifying malnutrition, nursing patientsCHAPTER 10: PERSONALITY DISORDERS AND PSYCHOSEXUAL DISORDERS[Objectives]Master the common characteristics of personality disorders and the clinical features of the familiar types of personality disorders.Master the concept of psychosexual disorders and the typical features of the familiar types of psychosexual disorders.To be aware of the etiology, pathology and treatment of personality disorders.To be aware of the diagnosis and treatment of psychosexual disorders.[Contents]Brief account of personality disorders: descriptive concept, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and common characteristicThe clinical features of each type of personality disorders: antisocial personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, impulsive personality disorderThe descriptive concept and classification of psychosexual disordersThe clinical features and differential diagnosis of the familiar psychosexual disorders: homosexuality, transsexualism, transvestism, voyeurism, exhibitionism, fetishism, sadism and masochismThe diagnosis and treatment of personality disorders and psychosexual disordersCHAPTER 11: SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR AND CRISIS INTERVENTION[Objectives]Get familiar with the concept, correlation and risk factors of suicide, the risk evaluation and prevention measures of suicide.Get familiar with the concept of crisis and crisis intervention and the measures of crisis intervention.Understand the epidemiology of suicide.Understand the process of crisis intervention.[Contents]The concept, epidemiology, correlation and risk factors of suicideThe risk evaluation and prevention measures of suicideThe concepts, measures and processes of crisis and crisis interventionCHAPTER 12: MENTAL DISORDERS IN CHILDHOOD[Objectives]Master the etiology, ranks and clinical features of mental retardation.Master the typical clinical features of attention deficit and hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and childhood autism. Be familiar with the characteristics of mental health in childhood.Be familiar with the treatment of ADHD and childhood prehend the etiology and pathogenesis of ADHD and childhood autism.Understand of the diagnosis and treatment principles.[Contents]The characteristics of mental health in childhood, the importance of mental health in the growth of childhood and the common problems about mental health (playing truant, bad manners due to poor upbringing and the relationship between parents and children, addiction to internet etc) Mental retardationThe concept, epidemiologyThe etiologyThe clinical features, diagnosis and clinical ranksThe main clinical types: the clinical characteristics of endemic cretinism, phenylketonuria (PKU) and Down’s syndromeThe treatment and prevention: combining medication with special training, the importance of three levels of prevention of special trainingADHD and childhood autismThe concept and epidemiologyThe etiology The clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosisThe treatment and prognosisCHAPTER 13: THERAPY13.1 SOMATOTHERAPY[Objectives]Master the indications, contraindications, side effects and treatment of antipsychotics, antidepressants, antimanic drugs and anxiolytics. Be familiar with the classification of psychotherapeutic drugs.Understand electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and insulin treatment.[Contents]The main treatment methods of mental disordersThe classification of psychotherapeutic drugsThe categories, pharmacology, clinical application, side effect and management of antipsychotics and treatment of the side effectsThe categories, clinical applications, side effects and management of antidepressants, antimanic drugs and anxiolytics and treatment of their side effectsThe indications, contraindication and therapeutic methods of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), insulin treatment13.2 PSYCHOTHERAPY[Objectives]Get familiar with the concept of psychotherapy and counseling, the genres and theories of psychotherapy.Understand of the phylogeny of psychotherapy.Understand of the qualifications that a psychologist needs.Understand of the basic skills and therapy course of psychotherapy.[Contents]The basic concepts of psychotherapy and the relationship between psychotherapy and counselingThe history of psychotherapyThe classification, genres and theories of psychotherapyPsychoanalytic therapy and psychodynamic therapyBehavioral-cognitive therapyHumanistic therapySystemic therapyThe effects and mechanisms of psychotherapiesThe basic skills and therapeutic course of psychotherapies PRACTICESYMPTOMS OF MENTAL DISORDERS, EXAMINATION AND DIAGNOSIS[Objectives]Master common symptoms of mental disorders, the content of medical history collection and the content of mental status examination.Get familiar with interview techniques.Get aware of the general principles of diagnosis of mental disorders and interview steps.[Contents]The common symptoms of mental disordersThe techniques and interview step. The content of medical history collection and points for attentionThe content of mental status examination and the way to examine discorporate patientThe principles of diagnosis and the use of rating scales as well as analysis of results [Arrangement] Review the lecture, emphasis on typical symptoms. Watch video of symptoms after class as supplementary teaching material. Give a demonstration of the process of collection of medical history and mental examination.Direct students to collect medical history and examine patients.Teacher gives instruction and introduces the techniques on communication with patients.SCHIZOPHRENIA[Objectives]Master clinical characteristics, clinical types, and principles of diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of schizophreniaGet familiar with the method to analyze clinical data [Contents]Schizophrenia Method to analyze clinical data and diagnosis[Arrangement] Show typical schizophrenic patients. Instruct student how to analyze the symptoms, characters, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of patients.Sum up the way to diagnosis of mental disorders.MOOD DISORDERS[Objectives]Master main clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders[Contents]Mood disorders-mania and depression[Arrangement] Show typical patients with mania and depression, and discussion by groupsInstruct student how to analyze the symptoms, characters, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of patientsMENTAL DISORDERS ORGANIC AND PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES INDUCED MENTAL DISORDERS[Objectives]Master the common clinical features of mental disorders due to brain organic diseases and physical diseases.Master the etiology, clinical features and diagnosis and treatment principles of acute cerebropathy syndrome and chronic cerebropathy syndrome. Master the main clinical features and treatment principles of dependence, withdrawal syndrome of alcohol and mental disorder due to opiates.[Contents]Mental disorders due to brain disease and physical diseaseDependence, withdrawal syndrome of alcohol and mental disorders due to opiates[Arrangement] Visit patients with mental disorders due to brain physical disease, instruct students to examine and analyze their clinical features. Discuss the clinical features, pathogeny and treatment of the acute and chronic brain disease syndrome.Navigate patients with chronic dependence, withdrawal syndrome of alcohol and mental disorder due to opiates. NEUROSIS AND STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS[Objectives]Master the main clinical features and diagnostic principles of neurosis.Master the clinical characteristics of stress-related disorders.Understand of the diagnosis and treatment of neurosis.Understand of the etiology and treatment of acute stress disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder.[Contents]NeurosisStress-related disorders[Arrangement] Demonstration of typical patients with phobia, anxious neurosis, obsessive-compulsive neurosis, hypochondriasis, neurasthenic and hysteria in out-patient’s departmentAnalysis of symptoms, general character and characteristics of patientsTeacher explains summarizes and introduces the treatment of neurosisDemonstration of patients with acute stress disorder, post-tramatic stress disorder, analysis their clinical characteristics, the etiology and treatmentTHERAPEUTICS[Objectives]Master the indications, contraindications, side effects and treatment of antipsychotics, antidepressants, antimanic drugs and anxiolytics.Be familiar with the theories, operations and indication.Understand other methods such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), hint treatment[Contents]Treatment of mental disorders[Arrangement] Show the use of antipsychotics; observe the effects and side effects.Observe psychotherapy by psychiatrist. Navigate electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and hint treatment.REFERENCESAmerican Psychiatric Association. Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-Ⅳ). Washington DC: American Psychiatry Association, 1994Sadock BJ, Sadock VA.: Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry, 7th Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2000Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, Oxford University Press, 1996Shen Yucun, Psychiatry, 4th Edition, Beijing: People Sanitation Press, 2002Hao Wei, Psychiatry, 5th Edition, Beijing: People Sanitation Press, 2004THE SYLLABUS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASESApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 36 hours to study this course. The study of theory consists of 24 hours and the laboratory practices take up 12 hours. Course Introduction:Infectious disease is the study of how pathogens transmit diseases and how to prevent diseases. The emphasis lies on the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.The Basic Objectives:And students are to master the epidemic features of infectious diseases, the pathogenesis, the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differentiated diagnosis, principles of treatment and prevention. Through the practical classes students are to master the skills of treatment and prevention of common infectious diseases.Teaching Hours DistributionChapterContentsLecture PracticeChapter 1Introduction2Chapter 3. 1Viral Hepatitis4Chapter 5.5Shigellosis2Chapter 3.9Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome4Chapter 5.2Meningcoccal Meningitides2Chapter 3.3Epidemic Encephalitis B1Chapter 3.8Measles1Chapter 7.1Amebiasis2Chapter5.3Typhoid fever and Paratyphoid fever2Chapter5.1Scarlet Fever1Chapter4.1Epidemic Typhus1Chapter5.6Cholera2Pratical 1Summary and Viral Hepatitis4Pratical 2Differentiated about Rashes and other Infectious Diseases4Pratical 3Viral Hepatitis and other Diseases4Total2412Theoretical part (24hours)CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION[Objectives] Understand concept of infection, effect of pathogen, the nature of communicable disease, immunology range, essential changes in pathogenesis and pathology. Grasp three essential links of the epidemiology process, influencing factors for epidemiologic process, essential features for infectious disease, clinical features. Master contagious process manifestation, the essential features and clinical phases, diagnosis and treatment for infectious disease, principles for prevention.[Contents]TheoryInfection concept; Contagious process manifestation; pathogen’s effect in the contagious process; Host defense mechanisms; microorganism- host interactions; pathology of infection; major manifestation of infection; three essential links of the epidemiologic process; communicable disease features;Clinical features:Llaboratory examination: general examination, pathogenic examination, immunity test, and biopsy histopathology examination. Principle management of infection: principle: colligation therapy; method: General management: insulation, nursing care, psychiatric care, etc. Therapy for pathogens: chemical therapy, antibiotic therapy, and blood serum therapy. Prevention: management of the source of infection; break route of transmission; protection susceptibility.Practice The diagnosis and treatment principles of sepsis and other infectious syndromes CHAPTER 3.1: VORAL HEPATITIS[Objectives] Understand epidemiology, pathogenesis; Grasp treatment and prophylaxis; Master the features of the hepatitis A/ B virus (HAV, HBV). Antigen-antibody system of the hepatitis B and its isoforms, major clinical manifestations, diagnosis and major differential diagnosis[Contents]Antigen-antibody system of the hepatitis B. Antigen-antibody system of hepatitis A, C and E. Epidemiology: the patient and virus carrier are a major source of infection. Clinical manifestation: general feature; clinical course of hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. clinical types. Clinical features in children, old people and pregnancy. Laboratory examination: liver function test: enzyme, plasma-protein, pigment metabolism and others; etiology test; imaging examination; liver biopsy. Complication and sequel. Diagnosis: epidemiologic evidence; clinical diagnosis; etiology Diagnosis differential diagnosis: different with alcoholic hepatitis, drug related hepatitis, hemolytic jaundice and obstructive jaundice outside the liver, etc; Prognosis: prognosis in several of hepatitis. Hepatitis is related to cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocarcinoma. Treatment: to take rest and appropriate diet. Application and assessment for various “care liver” drugs. Application for immunologic drugs. Antiviral therapy; hepatitis gravis and therapy for complications.Definitions and hazards; etiology: type A, B, C, D and E. Hepatitis A/ B virus features. Pathogenesis: HAV, HBV, HCV, HDV, HEV; Prophylaxis: management of the source of infection. Break transmission. Hepatitis A vaccine and normal human immunoglobulin; hepatitis B vaccine and high valence immunoglobulin. CHAPTER 5.5: SHIGELLOSIS[Objectives] Understand pathogenesis and prevention; Grasp etiology and epidemiology; Master clinical manifestations; clinical type; laboratory examination; diagnosis and differential diagnosis; treatment [Contents]TheoryEtiology: Shigella; Epidemiology: source of infection; routes of infection; susceptible population; epidemiologic feature.Pathogenesis;Clinical manifestations: clinical type; complications; Laboratory examination: stool culture; Diagnosis and differential diagnosis; Treatment. PracticeFeces screen of the patients; the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diarrhea. CHAPTER 3.9: HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME[Objectives] Understand pathogenesis and preventionGrasp etiology and epidemiologyMaster clinical manifestations( five stages), clinical type; diagnosis and principle of treatment[Contents]TheoryDefinition and brief introduction;Etiology: hantaviruses; genome and structural proteins; morphology; typing and biology; physical and chemical properties; Epidemiology: source of infection; routes of infection; susceptible population; Epidemiologic feature: geographic distribution, epidemic type Pathogenesis and pathology: Clinical manifestations: five stages; different symptoms in five stages; complications and clinical types; Laboratory Examination: blood routine examination, urine routine examination, blood chemistry, and serology experiments; virus detection; Diagnosis and differential diagnosis: Prophylaxis: killing the mice, preventing contact with mice, personal protection and vaccination.PracticeThe representative symptom of HFRSThe diagnosis of HFRSThe treatment principle of HFRSCHAPTER 5.2: MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIDES[Objectives] Understand pathogenesis and preventionGrasp etiology and epidemiologyMaster clinical manifestations, clinical type; laboratory examination, diagnosis and treatment[Contents]Definition and brief introduction; Etiology: Neisseria menigitidis; Epidemiology: source of infection; routes of infection (contact transmission, airborne transmission, common vertical transmission, vector-borne transmission); susceptible population; epidemiologic feature; Pathogenesis and pathology; Clinical manifestations: symptoms; physical signs, clinical type; Laboratory examination: blood routine examination, cerebrospinal fluid, imaging studies, electroencephalogram, blood culture or CSF culture; Diagnosis and differential Diagnosis: epidemical information, clinical manifestations and the result of bacteria culture. Differentiated from menigitis caused by viruses or other bacteria; Complications: Treatment: medical care, surgical care; Prophylaxis: immunoprophylaxis (vaccination), chemoprophylaxis (rifampin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone). PracticeThe manifestations, diagnosis, empirical antibiotic treatment of purulent meningitis The indication for lumbar puncture CHAPTER 3.3: EPIDEMIC ENCEPHALITIS B[Objectives] Understand pathogenesis and preventionGrasp etiology and epidemiologyMaster clinical manifestations, clinical stages; diagnosis and principle of treatment[Contents]Etiology: encephalitis B virus; Epidemiology: source of infection (pig); routes of infection (the main vectoros mosquito); susceptible population; epidemiologic feature; Pathogenesis and pathology; Clinical manifestations: incubation stage, primary stage, proximity stage, convalescense stage; Laboratory examination:Diagnosis and differential diagnosis: epidemical information, clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations. Differentiated from menigitis caused by bacteria and cerebral malaria; prognosis; Treatment: basic principle; prophylaxis:control mosquito, eliminationg human exposure to infected mosquito, immunization( vaccine). CHAPTER 3.8: MEASLES[Objectives] Understand pathogenesis and preventionGrasp etiology and epidemiologyMaster clinical manifestations, cinical stages; diagnosis and principle of treatment[Contents]Etiology: measles virus; Epidemiology: source of infection (patients); routes of infection (aerosal transmission); susceptible population; epidemiologic feature; Pathogenesis and pathology: viremia, characterized changes in pathology (infiltration of monomuclear cells and formation of multinucleate giant cells); Clinical manifestations: Laboratory examination:Diagnosis and differential diagnosis: epidemical information, clinical manifestations (Koplik spots, maculopapular rash) and laboratory examinations (viral isolation and antibody detection). Differentiated from rubella, exanthem subitum, drug induced skin rash; prognosis; Treatment: general measure, symptomatic therapy, treatment of complications; Prevention: isolation of the source of infection, cutting down the route of transmission, protecting the susceptibles, passive immunization. CHAPTER 7.1: AMEBIASIS[Objectives] Understand pathogenesis , pathology, preventionGrasp etiology and epidemiologyMaster clinical manifestations, diagnosis and principle of treatment[Contents]Etiology: Entamoeba histolytica; Epidemiology: source of infection; routes of infection; susceptible population; epidemiologic feature; Pathogenesis and pathology: route and process of amebiasis cysts invading the human body; the position of pathological process and the character of ulceration; relationship between pathological process and clinical symptoms, pathological changes of complications; Clinical manifestations; Complications; Laboratory examination: stool examination, serological test, endoscopy, image techniques, other investigation; Diagnosis and differential diagnosis: epidemical information, clinical manifestations. Amebic colitis should be differentiated from bacillary dysentery, schistosomiasis japonicum, carcinoma of colon, nonspecific ulcerative colitis; amebic liver abscess should be differentiated from primary hepatocarcinoma and bacteria liver abscess. Prognosis; Treatment: general measure, anti-amebic therapy, antibiotics, aspiration of liver abscess, surgical treatment; Prophylaxis: management of cases, breaking off transmission route, vaccine. CHAPTER 5.3: TYPHOID FEVER AND PARATYPHOID FEVER[Objectives] Understand pathogenesis and preventionGrasp etiology and epidemiologyMaster the clinical manifestations of the three typesMaster the significance of the different specimen culture, principle of treatment.[Contents]Typhoid feverDefinition and clinical features; Etiology: introduce the trait, resistance and antigen city of the typhoid bacilli; Epidemiology: source of infection, route of transmission, susceptible population, epidemiologic feature; Pathogenesis and path anatomy: the way which organisms enter the body, pathologic change, and disease process. The relationship between the bacterium and intestinal pathological changes with the clinical situation; Clinical manifestation: incubation period, the key features of symptoms, signs and clinical course of the typical cases. The clinical manifestations of the atypical types. Relapse and recrudescence. The character of typhoid fever in children and older people; complication: ischemia of intestine, intestinal perforation, toxic myocarditis, et al; Laboratory examinationDiagnosis and differential diagnosis;Prognosis. Treatment; Prophylaxis.Paratyphoid feverMaster the three types of paratyphoid fever and character of epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and prophylaxis. Compare the two diseases, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever. CHAPTER 4.1: EPIDEMIC TYPHUS[Objectives] Understand pathogenesis and preventionGrasp etiology and epidemiologyMaster clinical manifestations, clinical types; diagnosis and principle of treatment[Contents]Etiology: rickettsia prowazekii, antigens system, sensitivity; Epidemiology: source of infection; routes of infection; susceptible population; epidemiologic feature;Pathogenesis and pathology: vasculitis; Clinical manifestations: clinical type, fever, rash, symptoms of CNS, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, symptom of cardiovascular system; Laboratory examinationComplications: bronchopneumonia, myocarditis, otitis media and parotitis; Diagnosis and differential diagnosis: epidemical information, clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations (Weil- felix reaction). Differentiated from other rickettsia disease, typhoid fever, relapsing fever, epidemic hemorrhagic fever; Treatment: general measure, pathogen treatment, symptom treatment; Prophylaxis: manage source of infection, cutting off route of transmission, protecting susceptiblility. CHAPTER 5.1: SCARLET FEVER[Objectives] Understand pathogenesis and preventionGrasp etiology and epidemiologyMaster clinical manifestations, clinical type; laboratory examination, diagnosis and treatment[Contents]Definition and brief introduction; Etiology: group A streptococci; Epidemiology: source of infection; routes of infection (airborne transmission, contact through objects); susceptible population; epidemiologic feature; pathogenesis and pathology; Clinical manifestations: symptoms(fever，headache, vomit, sore throat); physical signs( exudative tonsillitis, raspberry tongue, rash, Pastia line, desquamation), clinical type; Laboratory examination: blood routine examination, throat culture; Diagnosis and differential diagnosis: epidemical information, clinical manifestations and the result of bacteria culture. Differentiated from staphylococcus aureus infection, drug-induced symdromes, measles, rubella; complications: early complications, late complications; Treatment: medical care (penicillin G), general treatment; Prophylaxis: isolation of patients. CHAPTER 5.6: CHOLERA[Objectives] Understand epidemic history, pathogenesis and preventionGrasp etiology and epidemiologyMaster clinical manifestations, clinical type; laboratory examination, diagnosis and treatment.[Contents]Definition and brief introduction; Etiology: V. cholera, microbiology, classification and antigenic types; Epidemiology: history of epidemic, source of infection; routes of infection (fecal- oral route), susceptible population; epidemiologic feature; Pathogenesis and pathology: enter toxin; clinical manifestations: clinical stage, degree of dehydration, changes in special populations; Laboratory examination: blood routine examination, direct microscopic examination (motility test and immobilized test), culture, serotyping and biotyping; Diagnosis: confirmatory diagnosis and suspect diagnosis; Complications: hypovolemic shock, acute tubular necrosis; prognosis; TreatmentProphylaxis: isolation of patients, education on specific hygiene practices, vaccinePractice Part (12hours)PRACTICE 1: SUMMARY AND VIRAL HEPATITIS[Objectives] Understand the composition of infectious wardGrasp the methods of disinfections and isolation.Master symptoms and signs of viral hepatitis[Contents]The composition of infectious ward, the methods of disinfections and isolation, how to make a report about infectious disease, prepare 1-2 viral hepatitis patients and ask history and take physical examination, with a lecture of how to differentiated jaundice, the 1st test.PRACTICE 2: DIFFERENTIATED ABOUT RASHES AND OTHER INFECTIOUS DISEASES[Objectives] Understand the different rashes of infectious diseaseGrasp how to differentiated measles from scarlet feverMaster how to evaluate result and how to diagnosis in HFRS[Contents]Prepare 1-2 patients of HFRS and ask history and take physical examination and discuss how to evaluate result and how to diagnosis in HFRS; differentiated diagnosis about rashes with the use of film slides; the 2nd testPRACTICE 3: VIRAL HEPATITIS AND OTHER DISEASE[Objectives] Understand the different diagnosis about diarrhea diseaseGrasp how to evaluate result and how to diagnosis about typhoid fever and choleraMaster clinical feature and criteria about typhoid fever, cholera and epidemic typhus[Contents]Prepare 1-2 patients of HFRS or viral hepatitis or other infectious diseases and ask history and take physical examination and discuss how to evaluate result and how to diagnosis, differentiated diagnosis about diarrhea disease, treatment and diagnosis of chronic HBV infection by the use of VCD, the 3rd test.REFERENCESMendell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Disease, 6th Edition, Elsevier Inc., 2005 Song Shize, Infectious Diseases, Beijing Medical University Press, 2003THE SYLLABUS OF OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGYApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 40 hours to study this course. The study of theory consists of 24 hours and the laboratory practicals take up 16 hours. Course Introduction:The course is one of many specialty areas of clinical medicine, involving both medical and surgical management of problems in the head and neck. It is investigating the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the ear, nose, throat, trachea, esophagus, and so on and their relationship with the whole body.The Basic Objectives:Students are to master the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of common diseases and the multiple ENT diseases. Teaching Hours DistributionChapterContentsLecturePractice1Rhinology84The anatomy and physiology of nose and sinuses, acute and chronic rhinitis.Allergic rhinitis. Nasal polyp. Atrophic rhinitis.Nasal injuries. Foreign body in nasal cavity.Nosebleed. Acute and chronic suppurative sinusitis. Tumors of nasal cavity2Pharyngology 22The anatomy and physiology of the pharynx and larynxAcute and chronic pharyngitis. Acute and chronic tonsillitis. The abscesses of pharynx. The tumor of pharynx.3Laryngology22Acute and chronic laryngitis. Acute epiglottises.Laryngeal obstruction. Larynx tumor. Tracheotomy4Trachea and Esophagus44The anatomy of trachea, bronchus and esophagus. Endoscope examination.Foreign bodies in trachea and esophagus. Caustic injuries of esophagus.5Otology84The anatomy and physiology of the ear.The diseases of the external ear. Non-suppurative otitis mediaAcute and chronic suppurative otitis media.Otogenic and intracranial complicationsVertigo. Hearing loss. Facial paralysis. Otosclerosis. Ear tumour. Total2416Theoretical part (24 hours)CHAPTER 1: RHINOLOGY[Objectives]To master the main structure of the nasal cavity and sinuses and the relationship to the orbit and base of the skull.To master the main physiological functions of the nasal cavity.To master the main symptoms and therapeutic principles of common nasal diseases.To master the early symptoms and therapy of nasal tumors.To understand the inflammatory and allergic diseases and rhino mycosis.To comprehend functional endoscope sinus surgery.[Contents]The anatomy and physiological function of the nose and sinuses; acute and chronic rhinitis; allergic rhinitis; nasal polyp; atrophic rhinitis.Sinusitis and the complication of sinusitis.Nasal injuries; foreign bodies in the nasal cavity; nosebleed; tumors of the nasal cavity.CHAPTER 2: PHARYNGOLOGY[Objectives]To comprehend the anatomy and physiological functions of the pharynx.To master the diagnoses and therapy of common diseases of the pharynx.[Contents]The anatomy of the pharynx: including the major divisions of the pharynx, the structure of the pharyngeal wall, lymphoid tissue, blood vessels and nerves.The physiology of the mon diseases: including acute pharyngitis, acute tonsillitis, the surgical procedure of tonsillectomy, adenoid enlargement, pharyngeal abscesses (peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess and Para pharyngeal abscess), pharyngeal tumors (nasopharyngeal angiofibroma, carcinoma of nasopharvnx).CHAPTER 3: LARYNGOLOGY[Objectives]To comprehend the anatomy and physiological function of the larynx.To master the diagnoses and therapy and treatment methods of laryngeal common diseases.[Contents]The anatomy of the larynx: including cartilage, ligament and membrane, muscles, vessels, nerves and lymph of the larynx.The physiology of the pharynxCommon diseases: including injuries of larynx (contusion of larynx, incised wound, and stab wound and fire-arm injury), acute laryngitis, acute epiglottises, and acute epiglottises in children, laryngeal obstruction, tracheotomy and carcinoma of the larynx.CHAPTER 4: TRACHEA AND ESOPHAGUS[Objectives]To master the anatomy of the trachea, bronchus and esophagus.To comprehend the examination methods using the bronchoscope and esophagoscope.To master the diagnoses and therapy methods of the common diseases of the trachea, bronchus and esophagus.[Contents]The anatomy of the trachea, bronchus and esophagusThe examination methods of the trachea, bronchus and esophagus: including hard bronchoscope, esophagoscopy, fibrobronchoscopy, fibroptic mon diseases: including foreign bodies in the trachea, bronchi and esophagus and caustic injuries of the esophagus.CHAPTER 5: OTOLOGY[Objectives]To master the anatomy of the external ear, middle ear and inner ear.To master auditory physiology, especially the pathway of air conduction.To master the main symptoms and therapatric principles of external ear diseases (such as tympanic membrane trauma, acute external otitis).To master the main symptoms and therapatric principles of secretory otitis media.To master the main symptoms and therapatric principles of acute and chronic suppurative otitis media and their extracranial-intracranial complications.To master the main symptoms, therapatric principles and differential diagnosis of Meniere's disease.To understand the classification and balance physiology of hearing loss.To understand the anatomy and examination methods of the facial nerve.To understand the main symptoms and therapatric principles of acoustic neuroma and cancer of the middle ear.To comprehend the examination methods of otoneurology.[Contents]The anatomy and physiology of the ear.Extemal diseases, tympanic membrane trauma, acute extemal otitis, impacted cerumen, bullous myringitis.Secretory otitis media, acute suppurative otitis media, mastoiditis.Chronic suppurative otitis media, mastoiditis and the extracranial-intracranial complications.Vertigo and Meniere's disease.Facial paralysis.The classification, examination methods, prevention and treatment of hearing loss.Ear tumor (acoustic neuroma and cancer of the middle ear).Practice Part1. Learn about the examination of ENT.2. Learn about the assessment of Hearing Function Tests.3. Learn how to diagnose the Acute Tonsillitis.4. Learn how to diagnose the Chronic Tonsillitis.5. Learn how to diagnose the Nasal Allergy.6. Learn how to diagnose the Epiglottitis.7. Learn the Tracheostomy.8. Learn how to diagnose the Acute and Chronic Sinusitis.9. Learn how to diagnose the Acute and Chronic Otitis Media.10. Learn how to therapy the Epistaxis.REFERENCESTextbook of Ear, Nose and Throat, 1st Edition, Lt Col BS Tuli, 2005, JAYPEE BROTHERSDiseases of Ear, Nose and Throat, 1st Edition, PL Dhingra, 1992, B. I. Churchill LivingstoneTHE SYLLABUS OF Dermatology and VenerologyApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 40 hours to study this course. The study of theory needs 24 hours; the study of experimental skill needs 16 hours. Course Introduction:Dermatovenereology is the branch of clinical medicine， is to study the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and cure measures of Dermatitis and Sexually transmitted diseases. Dermatovenereology is divided into two parts : general introduction and special parts, introduced mainly the rational and essential knowledge of Demagogic disease, venereal disease, introduced dermatology common and frequently occurring disease, and acute, severity, critical illness.The course lessons are tested. Require students to master the composition of the skin; dermatopathic basic damage; commonly used inspection methods in dermatology; master internal drugs and external drugs commonly used in dermatology; master clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of common and frequently occurring Dermatitis; familiar with diagnosis and treatment of acute, severe, critical illness in dermatology; understand arare disease in dermatology; Through learning this lesson, students will have basic diagnosis, treatment capacity and health education. The Basic ObjectivesTo master etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of most common Dermatitis and sexually transmitted diseases.To familiar with common severe Dermatitis, especially with etiology, pathogenesis, principles of diagnosis and treatment of clinical disciplines related diseases. Teaching Hours DistributionChapterContentsLecturePractice1Structure and function of human skin22Symptoms and diagnosis of skin disease 223Health protection of the skin and therapy in dermatology and venereology24Eczema 225Urticaria226Fungal Diseases227Herpes zoster228Pityriasis rosea-- Impetigo29Psoriasis210Dermatomyositis2211Acne vulgaris2212Syphilis22Total2416Theoretical part (24hours)CHAPTER 1: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF HUMAN SKIN[Objectives] Master keratinocyte cell proliferation, differentiation and morphological characteristics.Familiar with melanocyte and Langerhans cell morphology and function; familiar with biosynthesis and its significance of the collagen fibers, elastic fiber and matrix; familiar with the structure and function of the skin appendages. Understand function of skin blood vessels, lymphatic, nerve and muscle, to understand the physiological functions of the skin.[Contents]Anatomy of the skin: skin area, weight, and thickness, and hairy skin, hairless skin.Subcutaneous tissue Histology of the skin: keratinocytes, melanocyte, Langerhans cells, Merkel cells.Dermis epidermal junction: desmosome, hemidesmosome, basement membrane zone.Skin appendages: anatomy and function.Physiological functions of the skin.Skin absorption: The skin immunifaction: CHAPTER 2: SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS OF SKIN DISEASE[Objectives] Master Dermatosis symptoms, an important basis for the diagnosis of Dermatosis;Familiar with the diagnosis of Dermatosis, physical examination;Understand other inspections of Dermatosis. [Contents]TheoryDermatosis symptoms: Subjective symptoms：Itching, pain, burning, numbness and so on.Objective symptoms：History:Physical examination:Laboratory examination:PracticePrimary lesions: macules, papules, plaques, nodules, wheals, vesicles and bullae, Pustules, Cyst; secondary lesions: scale,?maceration, erosion, ulcer, fissure, excoriation, crust, scar, lichenificationLaboratory examinations: Dermographic test, Patch testing, fungal examinationPhysical therapies: Electrosurgery, Phototherapy, CryotherapyCHAPTER 3: HEALTH PROTECTION OF THE SKIN AND THERAPY IN DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY[Objectives] Master medicine of Dermatosis and venereal disease; Familiar with skin care;Understand physical therapy and surgical treatment of Dermatosis and venereal disease. [Contents]Dermatosis Treatment：Internal medicine: H1, H2 receptor antagonists: effects, side effects, types.Cortical steroid hormones: effects use method, announcements, indication, and contraindication. Antibiotics: cephalosporins, macrolides. Antiviral drugs: acyclovir, ganciclovir, ribavirin. Antifungal agent: Common types of indications and indication. Retinoid: First ~ three generations, indications and side effects. Immunosuppressive agents: Common types, indications, side effects. Immunomodulator: Other ical medicine: The types of external agents: cleaning agents, protective agent, antipruritic agent, keratoplastics, keratolytics, astringent, caustics, antiseptics, antifungal agent. Topical drug treatment principle: the drug of choice according to the nature of skin lesions and different stages of skin lesions, pay attention to the concentration of medication, sex and age of patient, location and so on.Physical Therapy: Skin careCHAPTER 4: ECZEMA[Objectives] Master clinical manifestations of Eczema and differential diagnosis of Eczema from contact dermatitis;Familiar with Clinical manifestations of Chronic Eczema; Understand etiology and pathogenesis of Eczema;Understand Clinical manifestations of Special types Eczema.[Contents]TheoryDefinition: The superficial layer of dermis and epidermis inflammation caused by a variety of internal, external factors.Etiology: Internal and External Cause, risk factors.Pathogenesis: The 4 type of allergyClinical manifestations: Diagnosis and differential diagnosisPrevention and treatment: PracticeClinical presentation, special types, diagnosis and treatment of eczema.CHAPTER 5: URTICARIA[Objectives] 1. Master the clinical presentation of Urticaria.2. Be familiar with some special forms of Urticaria .3. Understand about the treatment of acute Urticaria. [Contents]Theory 1. Etiology: relationship between urticaria and drug, all kinds of food abundant in protein, focus of infection, systemic diseases, physiochemical factors, psychotic factors, inherited factors, pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic reaction.2. Clinical presentation: basic lesions of the skin and mucosa, systemic symptoms of respiratory and digestive tract, characteristics of acute or chronic urticaria special forms: dermatographism, angioedema, cold urticaria, photosensitive and cholinergic urticaria.3. Diagnosis: history, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis from erythema multiforme and acute abdomen, etc.4. Treatment: elimination of suspicious factors, anti-histamine drugs, vitamin C, corticosteroid, topical drugs, traditional Chinese medicine.Practice1. Clinical presentation of Urticaria2. Treatment of acute UrticariaCHAPTER 6: FUNGAL DISEASES[Objectives] 1. Master the clinical features and treatment of superficial mycosis. 2. Understand about etiology, diagnosis and prevention of superficial mycosis.3. Understand about the etiology and clinical presentation of deep mycosis.[Contents]Theory Tinea manus and pedis: common pathogenic fungus, infectious ways, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prevention and treatmentTinea corporis and cruris: common pathogenic fungus, infectious ways, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prevention and treatment Onychomycosis: common pathogenic fungus, infectious ways, clinical presentation, the types of onycomycosis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment Pityriasis versicolor: etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatmentCandidiasis: etiology; skin and mucosa candidiasis, laboratory examination, treatmentSporotrichosis: etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatmentChromoblastomycosis: etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatmentPracticeClinical presentation of tinea manus, tinea pedis, tinea corporis and tinea cruris.Clinical presentation and the types of onycomycosis.Clinical presentation of pityriasis versicolor.CHAPTER 7: HERPES ZOSTER[Objectives] Master clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment principles of herpes zoster;Familiar with etiology and pathogenesis of herpes zoster;Understand the complications of herpes zoster;[Contents]TheoryIntroduction the definition, incidence of herpes zoster, case-style start, the relationship between virus types and Dermatosis.Etiology and pathogenesis: Relationships between the two diseases infected by Varicella - zoster virus, Virus characteristics, neuralgia mechanism.Clinical manifestationsDiagnosis and differential diagnosisTreatment principles: antivirus, anti-inflammatory and alleviate pain, nutrition nerves. PracticeClinical presentation and treatment of Herpes simplex and Herpes zoster.CHAPTER 8: PITYRIASIS ROSEA, IMPETIGO8.1 Pityriasis Rosea[Objectives] To master clinical manifestations and treatment of Pityriasis rosea; Understand Etiology of Pityriasis rosea; [Contents]Definition and Etiology. Clinical manifestationsAge and season;Rash shape: oval-shaped erythema, the long axis parallel with the dermatoglyph;Onset sites: the trunk and proximal limbs;Course of the disease have Self-limiting, 6 ~ 8 weeks; Special type; Diagnosis and differential diagnosis:Diagnosis: Mainly based on clinical manifestation; Differential diagnosis:Treatment: Course of the disease have Self-limiting; Treatment principles: to lessen symptoms and shorten the course of treatment. 8.2 Impetigo[Objectives] 1. Master clinical manifestations and treatment principles of Impetigo vulgaris; 2. Understand etiology of Impetigo;[Contents]Introduction pyoderma; pyoderma relating to the bacteria and resistance of the body. Etiology: Staphylococcus aureus; Beta-hemolytic streptococcus;Clinical manifestationsDiagnosis and differential diagnosis:Diagnosis:Differential diagnosis:Acute Eczema;Prevention and treatment: Collective environmental disinfection, isolation, and timely treat small wounds, maintaining skin integrity, and antibiotic therapy.CHAPTER 9: PSORIASIS[Objectives] To master clinical manifestations，diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis vulgaris；Familiar with clinical manifestations，diagnosis and treatment of psoriasis Pustules, psoriasis arthropathica, psoriasis erythrodermic.Understand Etiology of psoriasis. [Contents]Overview: Definition and incidence; Etiology and Pathogenesis:Four major theories: Genetic theory; infection theory; dysmetabolism; immune abnormalities; Clinical manifestations: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis:Four types of Psoriasis Have their own diagnostic criteria. Dierential diagnosis: Pityriasis rosea、Dermatitis seborrheica;Treatment: Knowledge of treatment, the green treatment;Topical drugs: keratoplastics, corticosteroids. VitD3 derivatives;Systemic therapy: immunosuppressive agents, vitamin A, antibiotics, corticosteroids, cyclosporin A.Physical therapy: bath therapy, light therapy (UVB), chemotherapy (PUVA).CHAPTER 10: DERMATOMYOSITIS[Objectives] Grasp the clinical manifestation、diagnosis、laboratory findings and treatment; Cutaneous symptoms and Muscular symptoms;Comprehend curing progression.[Contents]TheoryClassification CausesSigns and symptomsLaboratory findingsDiagnosisDifferential diagnosisTreatmentCourse and PrognosisPracticeClinical presentation and laboratory examination of dermatomyositisCHAPTER 11: ACNE VULGARIS[Objectives] Grasp the clinical manifestation、diagnosis and treatment.Familiar with cause and prehend classify of acne.[Contents]TheoryEtiology and PathophysiologySymptoms and SignsDiagnosis and Differential diagnosisTreatmentPractice1. Clinical presentation of acne.2. Clinical presentation of rosacea.CHAPTER 12: SYPHILIS[Objectives] To master clinical manifestations，diagnosis and treatment of Syphilis;Familiar with differential diagnosis of Syphilis and clinical significance of Serologic tests for Syphilis;Understand etiology and Transmission pathway of Syphilis.[Contents]TheoryDefinition and Overview: Sexually transmitted diseases.Etiology and Pathogenesis: Treponema pallidum, mucopolysaccharide enzymes on TP surface.Transmission pathway and sub-type, phasesTransmission pathwayPhases:Clinical manifestations: Laboratory findings: Diagnosis and differential diagnosis:Examinations of cerebral-spinal fluid).Treatment:Practice1. Characteristics of lesions in the first and the second stage of syphilis.2. Laboratory examination and treatment of syphilis.REFERENCES Andrews’ Diseases of the Skin, 9th Edition, Richard B. Osom, William D. James, Timothy G. Berger, 2001, Harcourt Asia. W. B. SaundersAn Illustrated Colour Text, 3rd Edition. Gawkrodger DJ. 2002. Elsever Sciences.Textbook of Clinical Dermatology, 4th Edition, Verendra N Sehgal, 2004, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. Clinical Dermatology: An Illustrated Textbook, 3rd Edition. Mackie RM, 1997, Oxford University PressTHE SYLLSBUS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINEApplicable students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class hours: It takes 36 hours to study this course. The study of theory needs 24 hours; the study of experimental skill needs 12 hours. Course introduction:The emergency department (ED) is one of the most interesting and rewarding teaching venues in the house of medicine. No other environment offers such a rich blend of undifferentiated patient presentations and diseases. However, because of this diversity, the ED is also one of the most difficult places to teach. Many of our patients are desperately ill, and we must often reset our priorities quickly to meet their clinical demands. In this environment, emergency medicine educators are challenged to provide quality education for medical students and physicians-in-training.The general objective of our course care is to train medical students in as much real life situations as possible with well planned learning experiences. This course will teach the students how to deal with common acute severe diseases.The basic Objectives:It will request students to grasp cardinal concepts, theories and principles of emergency diagnosis, prevention and treatment. For concrete content of each chapter, the aims and requests will be divided into three parts: grasped contents, familiar contents and comprehended contents.Teaching period plan: ChapterContentsLecturesPracticsChapter 1Cardiac emergencies44Chapter 2Pulmonary emergencies44Chapter 3Gastroinestinal emergencies44Chapter 4Renal emergencies1Chapter 5Hematologic emergencies0.5Chapter 6Metabolic emergencies2Chapter 7Endocrine emergencies 2Chapter 8Neurologic emergencies0.25Chapter 9Environmental emergencies2Chapter 10Toxicologic emergencies2Chapter 11Other emergencies2Chapter 12pharmacotherapy of emergency care0.25Total2412Theoretical part (24hours)CHAPTER 1: CARDIAC EMERGENCIES[Objectives]Grasp modern concept of cardiac emergencies and function of heart, make clear the essence of anatomic distribution of coronary and cardiac electrophysiology.[Contents]TheoryMaster the diagnose and management principles of Unstable angina pectorisAcute myocardial infarctionAcute heart failureHypertensive crisis Understand the diagnose and treatment of sudden cardiac death.Familiar with the ECG findings of myocardial infarction and arrythmia.Practice:The method of obtaining arterial bloodCommonly used electrocardic monitoring deviceThe method of BLSCHAPTER 2: PULMONARY EMERGENCIES[Objectives]Grasp several associated concepts with acute respiratory distress. Understand the significance of mechanical ventilation in medicine.[Contents]Theorymaster the diagnose and management principles ofAcute respiratory failureStatus asthmaticus2. Familiar with the diagnose and management principles ofAcute respiratory distress syndromePulmonary embolism3. Understand the diagnose and treatment of High-altitude pulmonary edemaspontaneous pneumothoraxPractice:Commonly used electrocardic monitoring deviceThe method of BLSCHAPTER 3: GASTROINESTINAL EMERGENCIES[Objectives]Master the diagnosis and management principles of acute gastrointestinal bleeding; Grasp the causes diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis.[Contents]TheoryMaster the diagnose and management principles of:Stress ulcer syndromeAcute gastrointestinal bleedingAcute pancreatitis2. Familiar with the diagnose and management principles of acute liver failure3. Understand the diagnose and treatment of spontaneous esophagus rupture Practice:Spontaneous esophagus ruptureStress ulcer syndrome: causes, pathophysioloty, treatmentAcute gastrointestinal bleeding: diagnosis, treatmentAcute liver failureAcute pancreatitis: causes, diagnosis, treatmentCHAPTER 4: RENAL EMERGENCIES[Objectives]Master the concept of acute renal failure, the indicators of hemodialysis [Contents]TheoryMaster three categories, diagnosis and treatment of acute renal failureMaster the indicators of hemodialysis CHAPTER 5: HEMATOLOGIC EMERGENCIES[Objectives]Master the concept, common characteristics and treatment of DIC.[Contents]TheoryUnderstand the diagnose and treatment of DIC CHAPTER 6: METABOLIC EMERGENCIES[Objectives]Master the concept of diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyperglycemia nonketonic syndrome and disturbance of acid-base regulation. Master the arterial blood gas analysis.[Contents]TheoryMaster the diagnose and management principles of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemia nonketonic syndromeFamiliar with the diagnose and of disturbance of acid-base regulationCHAPTER 7: ENDOCRINE EMERGENCIES[Objectives]Familiar with the concept, classification of endocrine emergencies.[Contents]TheoryFamiliar with the diagnosis and treatment of Thyrotoxic crisisMyxedema comaAdrenal crisis CHAPTER 8: NEUROLOGIC EMERGENCIES[Objectives]Lay emphases on the status epilepticus; lay emphases on the process of intracranial hypertensive syndrome; understand the characteristics and functions of physiology of nervous system.[Contents]TheoryUnderstand the diagnose and treatment of:Status epilepticusIntracranial hypertensive syndromeCHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL EMERGENCIES[Objectives]Master the process of physiology of temperature regulation；master the processes, features of heat-related illness.[Contents]TheoryFamiliar with the symptoms and treatment of: HypothermiaHeat-related illnessNear drowning and drowningCHAPTER 10: TOXICOLOGIC EMERGENCIES[Objectives]Master definitions and characteristics of anticholinesterase insecticides poisoning, carbon monoxide poisoning.[Contents]TheoryFamiliar with the pathophysiology of poisoning, poisoning routes, therapeutic interventions for poisonings and overdoses.master the manifestations and treatment of Anticholinesterase insecticides poisoningCarbon monoxide poisoning3. Understand the manifestations and treatment ofMedical complications of narcotic addictionAcute alcoholismVenomous snakebitesFood poisoningCHAPTER 11: OTHER EMERGENCIES[Objectives]Master the concept and the classification of shock syndrome.[Contents]Theory1. Master the diagnose and management principles of shock syndrome2. Understand the diagnose and management principles of Nosocomial pneumoniaSystemic inflammatory response syndromeMultiple organ dysfunction syndromeCHAPTER 12: PHARMACOTHERPY OF EMERGECY CARE[Objectives]Familiar with the classification of antibiotics and pharmacological of antiarrhythmic agents.[Contents]TheoryUnderstand the therapeutic principles of Antibacterial therapyAntiarrhythmic agentsThrombolytic therapyREFERENCES1. Emergency Medicine, A Comprehensive Study Guide. 5th Edition, David M. Cline Publishing Company; The McGraw Hill, 20032. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th Edition, McGraw Hill Publications3. Oxford Textbook of Medicine Vol I & II, ELBS PublicationTHE SYLLABUS OF OPHTHALMOLOGYApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 40 hours to study this course. The study of theory needs 24 teaching hours, the study of clinical practice needs 16 teaching hours. Course Introduction:Ophthalmology is a special medical science, a branch of clinical medicine, which deals with the research in ocular diseases, and which is one of the most important organs of the body. By the study of ophthalmology, the students can understand the history, current status, and trend of ophthalmology, control the pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive rule of ocular disease, and understand the close relationship between ocular disease and systemic disease. The teaching contents emphasize “three basics” which include basic theory, knowledge, and technique, and “five features” which include mentality, science, advancement, elicitation, and applicability. The purpose of teaching ophthalmology is to train medical students to become ophthalmologists or doctors in other medical fields, also, to make the medical students develop mentally, intelligently, and physically.The Basic ObjectivesComprehend and study the history, current status and trend of ophthalmology, and comprehend the importance of ophthalmology in the medical field. Control the causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of ophthalmopathy, and comprehend the close relationship between ophthalmopathy and systemic prehend the advanced development of related pathogenesis of ophthalmology.Master the ophthalmologic examinations of visual function and the usage of routine ophthalmologic instruments.Understand the usage of special ophthalmologic instruments.Understand the management of ophthalmologic emergency and surgical treatment methods of different ocular diseases.TEACHING HOURS DISTRIBUTIONNo.ContentsLecturePracticeChapter 1Anatomy and physiology0.5Chapter 2Ophthalmologic examination12Chapter 3Radiology0.5Chapter 4Eyelid0.5Chapter 5Ocular surface diseases0.5Chapter 6Lacrimal apparatus0.54Chapter 7Conjunctiva0.5Chapter 8Cornea2Chapter 9Sclera0.5Chapter 10Vitreous0.5Chapter 11Lens1.51Chapter 12Glaucoma22Chapter 13Uvea1.51Chapter 14Optics and refraction22Chapter 15Extraocular muscles1Chapter 16Retina22Chapter 17Neuro-ophthalmology1Chapter 18Ocular injury22Chapter 19Orbit1Chapter 20Ocular tumors1Chapter 21Ocular disorders associated with systemic diseases0.5Chapter 22Laser of ophthalmology0.5Chapter 23Prevention and treatment of blindness1Total2416CHAPTER 1: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY [Objectives] Be familiar with the anatomy, physiology and clinical significance of the ocular tissues which include vessel, nerve, muscle, eyelid and orbit.Understand the relationship between the embryological development and the clinical findings.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryReview and be familiar with the local anatomy and structure of the eyeball and associated apparatus for the need of eye clinic.Review and be familiar with the physiological functions and the clinical significance of the eyeball and affiliated apparatus. Introduce the embryological development of the globe.CHAPTER 2: OPHTHALMOLOGIC EXAMINATION[Objectives] Be familiar with the significance of ophthalmologic examinations, and understand the mechanism and recording methods. Be familiar with examination methods and necessary instruments, such as direct and indirect pupillary light reflex. Understand the new examination methods and terminology.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryExtraocular structures: eyelid, lacrimal gland, cornea and sclera. Intraocular structures: anterior chamber, iris, pupil, lens, vitreous and ocular fundus, including eye movement, orbital form, eye position, intraocular pressure, et al. Visual function examination: routine examinations of form sense, light sense and color vision.Introducing the concept and clinical significance of ultrasound, electrooculogram, eletroretinogram, visual evoked potential and automatic quantitative perimetry.PracticeMaster the examinations of visual function, slit-lamp and ophthalmoscope.Understand the examinations of ultrasound, electrooculogram, eletroretinogram, visual evoked potential and automatic quantitative perimetry, tonometer, and fundus fluorescein angiography. CHAPTER 3: RADIOLOGY [Objectives] Understand the principle, examination technique, manifestation and clinical significance of ocular fundus imaging. Understand the principle, equipment, examination technique, manifestation and clinical significance of vasography.Understand the imaging principle, examination technique, manifestation and clinical significance of ultrasonography, CT and MRI.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryFundus fluorescein angiography, FFA Ultrasonography Image analysisComputer tomography, CT Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI Trend of radiology in ophthalmologyCHAPTER 4: EYELID[Objectives] Master the diagnosis of blepheritis, hordeolum and eyelid position abnormality.Master the protective measures of cornea in eyelid dysraphia.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryDermatosis of eyelid: eyelid edema, herpes simple palpebral dermatitis and herpes zoster palpebral dermatitis.Blepheritis: blepheritis aquamosa, blepheritis ulcerosa and blepheritis angularis.Disorders of eyelid gland: hordeolum, chalazion.Abnormal location of eyelid and eyelash: entropion, ectropion, eyelid dysraphia, ptosis and trichiasis. Congenital abnormality: coloboma of the eyelid, distichiasis. CHAPTER 5: OCULAR SURFACE DISEASES[Objectives] Master the knowledge of ocular surface disease.Understand the dry eye syndrome. COURSE CONTENTSTheoryAnatomy of ocular surfaceDiagnosis and treatment of ocular surface diseaseDry eye syndrome CHAPTER 6: LACRIMAL APPARATUS[Objectives] Be familiar with the potential danger to the globe from chronic dacryocystitis, and grasp the diagnosis and treatment principles.Be familiar with the cause and examine methods of epiphora. COURSE CONTENTSTheoryDisorders of lacrimal passages: nasal lachrymal duct block, chronic dacryocystitis and acute dacryocystitis.Disorders of lacrimal gland.PracticeView clinical cases with lacrimal apparatus diseases. Understand the examine methods of lacrimal apparatus diseases.CHAPTER 7: CONJUNCTIVA[Objectives] Master the diagnostic methods, prevention and treatment principles of common conjunctivitis.Master the mode of infection, diagnosis and complications, and the treatment and prevention principles of trachoma.Master the manifestation and treatment principles of pterygium.Master the causes and differential diagnosis of acute catarrhal conjunctivitis, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and epidemic hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Understand the immunologic conjunctivitis.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryOverview of conjunctiva disorders Bacterial conjunctivitisChlamydial conjunctivitisViral conjunctivitisImmunologic conjunctivitisAllergy conjunctivitisPracticeView clinical cases with conjunctiva diseases. Understand the laboratory examine methods of conjunctiva diseases. CHAPTER 8: CORNEA[Objectives] Master the clinical symptoms and the developmental process of keratitis.Master the prevention and treatment principles of keratitis and its complications.Master the differential diagnosis of bacterial keratitis, viral keratitis and fungal keratitis.Be familiar with the mechanism of interstitial keratitis and mooren ulcer.Be familiar with the difference between corneal degeneration and corneal dystrophy.Understand the advanced research of keratopathy. COURSE CONTENTSTheoryOverview of keratitisBacterial keratitisViral keratitisFungal keratitisInterstitial keratitisNeuroparalytic keratitisExposure keratitisMooren ulcerKeratomalaciaCongenital megalocornea and microcornea, keratoconus, corneal degeneration and corneal dystrophyPracticeView clinical cases with cornea diseases. Understand the clinical and laboratory examinations of conjunctiva diseases and the surgical treatment methods. CHAPTER 9: SCLERA[Objectives] Be familiar with the clinical symptoms and treatment methods of sclerosis.COURSE CONTENTSTheorySclerosisAbnormal color of scleraPracticeView clinical cases with sclera diseases.CHAPTER 10: VITREOUS[Objectives] Master the causes of vitreous opacity.Be familiar with the opacity of the vitreous examined by ophthalmoscope.Understand the treatment principles of vitreous opacity.Understand the advanced research of vitreous.COURSE CONTENTSTheorySynchysis and posterior vitreous detachmentVitreous inflammationVitreous hemorrhageParasite of vitreousTreatment of vitreous opacityVitreoretinal traction CHAPTER 11: LENS[Objectives] Master the examination methods of cataracts.Master the classification of senile cataract and surgical indications.Master the clinical characters of senile cortical cataract.Understand the advances in cataract surgery and the concept of modern cataract surgery.Understand the advanced research of lenses.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryDefinition and classification of cataractSenile cataractComplicated cataractCongenital cataractTraumatic cataractMetabolic cataractAfter cataractSurgical methods and pre-operative examinations of cataractDislocation of lensPractice1. View clinical cases with lens diseases. Understand routine examinations before cataract operation. View cataract surgeries with different methods. CHAPTER 12: GLAUCOMA[Objectives] Master the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of acute angle-closure glaucoma.Master the clinical characters of angle-closure glaucoma and open angle glaucoma.Be familiar with the differential diagnosis of acute angle-closure glaucoma and medical diseases or neurology disorders. Understand glaucoma is a common disease which can result in blindness.Understand the advanced research of glaucoma.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryOverview of glaucomaAcute angle-closure glaucomaChronic angle-closure glaucomaSecondary glaucomaCongenital glaucomaOpen angle glaucomaPracticeView clinical cases with glaucoma. Understand routine examinations before glaucoma operation. View glaucoma surgeries with different methods. CHAPTER 13: UVEA[Objectives] Master the basic symptoms, the principles of treatment and differential diagnosis of anterior uveitis.Understand the complex causes and severe prognosis of uveitisUnderstand the advanced research of uveitis.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryOverview of uvea diseasesAnterior uveitisPosterior uveitisIntermediate uveitisPanuveitisSpecial kinds of uveitisCongenital abnormalities including coloboma of uvea, remaining membrane of pupil or iris and aniridia.PracticeView clinical cases with uvea diseases. CHAPTER 14: OPTICS AND REFRACTION[Objectives] Master the classifications, clinical manifestations and correcting methods of refractive errors.Understand the refractive status of the eye in optic principles.Understand the importance of preventing youth’s myopia.Understand the relationship between accommodation and refractive errors, and the relationship between accommodation and age.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryRefractive status of normal eyeClassification of refractive errorsAccommodate and presbyopiaThe prevention of youth’s myopiaThe concepts of refraction PracticeUnderstand routine optometry methods. CHAPTER 15: EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES[Objectives] Be familiar with the anatomy and physical function of extraocular muscles.Master the classification, clinical characters and treatment principles of concomitant strabismus.Master the causes, clinical characters and treatment principles of paralytic strabismus.Master the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of concomitant strabismus and paralytic strabismus.Master the definition, classification and treatment of amblyopia.Understand nystagmus and its treatment.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryThe definition and cause of binocular single vision.The classifications, causes, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and correcting principle of strabismus.The definition, classifications and treatment of amblyopia.The examination methods of strabismus.Nystagmus. CHAPTER 16: RETINA[Objectives] Master the basic symptoms of retinopathy.Master the treatment principles of common retinopathies.Be familiar with the relationship between retinopathy and systemic diseases.Understand the differential diagnosis of leucocoria. Understand the progress of retinal diseases.Understand the advanced research of retinal diseases.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryRetinopathyVascular diseases of retinaDegeneration of retinaThe diseases of maculaRetinal detachmentPracticeView clinical cases with retina diseases. Understand routine examinations of retinopathy. View vitreous and retinal surgery. CHAPTER 17: NEURO-OPHTHALMOLOGY[Objectives] Master the causes, differential diagnosis and treatment principles of optic neuritis and papilloedema. Understand the advanced research of optic nerve diseases.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryOptic neuropathyPapillitisPapilloedemaIschemic optic neuropathyOptic atrophyPracticeView clinical cases with optic nerve diseases. CHAPTER 18: OCULAR INJURY[Objectives] Understand the significance and prevention of ocular injury.Master the clinical manifestations and treatment principles of ocular blunt trauma.Master the treatment principles of penetrating ocular trauma.Master the treatment principles of corneal foreign body.Master the emergency treatment of chemical ocular injury.Master the emergency treatment of electric ophthalmia.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryOcular blunt traumaPenetrating ocular traumaChemical and burning ocular injuryThe severity, diagnosis and treatment methods of corneal foreign bodyThe prevention of ocular injuryPracticeView clinical cases with ocular injury. Understand the emergency management of ocular injury.View vitreous and retinal surgery for ocular injury. CHAPTER 19: ORBIT[Objectives] Understand the relationship between the orbit and neighboring structure, and recognize the clinical significance of exophthalmos.Master the causes, symptoms and treatment principles of orbital cellulitis.Be familiar with the characters and treatment principles of orbital tumor.Understand the advanced research of orbit diseases.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryThe relationship between the orbit and its neighbors, especially with accessory nasal sinuses. The definition and clinical significance of exophthalmos.Various exophthalmoses.Orbital inflammation. CHAPTER 20: OCULAR TUMORS[Objectives] Understand the anatomy and physiology of ocular carcinomas. Master the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of ocular carcinomas. Understand the advanced research of ocular carcinoma.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryTumor of eyelidTumor of conjunctivaTumor of corneaTumor of uveaRetinal tumorOrbital tumorCHAPTER 21: OCULAR DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYSTEMIC DISEASES[Objectives] Be familiar with the ophthalmic manifestations of systemic diseases.Understand the ophthalmic manifestations of drug reactions.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryInternal diseases with special reference to ophthalmic manifestations.Surgical diseases with special reference to ophthalmic manifestations.Pediatric diseases with special reference to ophthalmic manifestations.Gynecological diseases with special reference to ophthalmic manifestations.Dermatogic disease and venereal disease with special reference to ophthalmic manifestations.Neurological diseases with special reference to ophthalmic manifestations.Oral diseases and diseases of otorhinolaryngology with special reference to ophthalmic manifestations.Adverse drug reactions with special reference to ophthalmic manifestations.CHAPTER 22: LASER OF OPHTHALMOLOGY[Objectives] Understand the applications of laser in ophthalmology. COURSE CONTENTSTheoryThe features and biological effects of laserDifferent kinds of laser used in ophthalmology and their featuresThe applications of laser to ocular fundus diseasesThe applications of laser to glaucomaThe applications of laser to cataract CHAPTER 23: PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF BLINDNESS[Objectives] Understand the concept of blindness and low vision.Understand the advanced research into blindness and low vision. Understand the criteria of blindness and low vision.COURSE CONTENTSTheoryThe concept of blindness and low visionCriteria of blindness and low visionPrevention and treatment of blindness induced by ocular diseasesRehabilitation of blindness and low visionREFERENCESOphthalmology, Guan HJ, YAN H, 2006, Beijing Scientific Publishing HouseTextbook of Ophthalmology, Kenneth W. Wright. Willliams & Wilkins, 1997Principles and practice of ophthalmology, volume 3, Albert DM, Jakobiec RA, Robinson NL. W. B., 1994, Saunders Company, PhiladelphiaCurrent Ocular Therapy, 5th Edition, Frederick T. Fraunfelder, W. B. 2000, Saunders CompanyClinical Ophthalmology, 3rd Edition, Jack J. Kanski, 1994, Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd.Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 2nd Edition, Frank A. 1998, NESI. Mosby-Year Book, Inc. Primary Care Optometry, 3rd Edition, Theodore Grosvenor, 1996, Butterworth- HeinemannGlaucoma, Kaufman PL, Mittag TW eds, 1994, London: MosbyTHE SYLLABUS OF STOMATOLOGYApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 24 hours to study this course. The study of theory consists of 20 hours and the laboratory practicals take up 4 hours. Course Introduction:Stomatology is one of the most significant parts in medical science, and its practical applications are closely linked disciplines. Stomatology plays an important role that can’t be discarded in promoting the development of clinical courses.Our lectures will introduce the line of the oral maxillofical region and its content: bones, muscles, blood vessels, lymph system, nerves and glands, the common diseases of tooth, peridens, pulp and mucosa, tooth extraction, maxillofical infections, trauma, and diseases in glands in both youth and the aged and their relationship with systemic diseases.The Basic Objectives:Students are to master the basic concepts, theories and principles of diagnosis, clinical presents and treatment. Teaching Plan: ChapterContentsLecturePracticalChapter 1Dental Anatomy2Chapter 2Oral Maxillofacial Anatomy and Physiology (1)20.5Chapter 3Oral Maxillofacial Anatomy and Physiology (2)20.5Chapter 4Dento-Endodontics2Chapter 5Periodontal Diseases21Chapter 6The Diseases Of Oral Mucosa20.5Chapter 7Local Anesthesia in Dentistry and Maxillofacial Traumas2Chapter 8Maxillofacial Trauma20.5Chapter 9Extraction of Teeth21Chapter 10Tumors of the Mouth and Jaw Bones, Cellulitis and Diseases of the Salivary Glands2Total204CHAPTER 1: DENTAL ANATOMY[Objectives]Master the introduction of enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp. Master the function of teeth, depending on their individual shape and size and their location in the jaws. [Contents]Theory 1. Dental Anatomy 2. Tooth—supporting structure3. Oral Mucous MembraneCHAPTER 2: ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (1)[Objectives]To master the line of the oral maxillofacial region and its contents: bones, muscles, blood vessels, lymph system.[Contents]Theory Oral Maxillofacial Anatomy and PhysiologyThe line and content of oral maxillofacial region.1. Jaw: 14 bones of the jaw.2. Maxilla: the content of maxilla and its clinical function.3. Maxillary processes: 4 processes.4. Mandible: location and function.5. Muscle: mimetic and masticatory muscles.6. Blood vessels: position, branches and function of the arteries and veins.7. The lymph system of the head and neck: circular population and vertical population.Practice 1. Deciduous and permanent dentition.2. Maxillofacial anatomy.CHAPTER 3: ORAL MAXILLOFACIAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (2)[Objectives]Master the nerves and glands of maxillofacial.[Contents]Theory 1. Nerves: the position and branches of the trigeminal nerve and the facial nerve2. Salivary Gland: position and function of the major and minor salivary glands. Practice1. Common oral examination appliances and their usage.2. The methods of odontal and periodontal examinations.CHAPTER 4: DENTO-ENDODONTICS [Objectives]Master the etiology, preventions and treatment of caries in general and the clinical manifestation of caries.Master the feature of the pain of pulpitis and how to define abnormal teeth and the emergency treatment of pulpitis in detail.Master the etiology, clinical manifestation and treatment of periodical periodontitis.[Contents]Theory 1. Dental caries 2. Pulpitis--the main causes of pulpitis3. Periradicular lesionsCHAPTER 5: PERIODONTAL DISEASES[Objectives]Master the etiology, preventions and treatment of periodontal diseases in general and the clinical manifestation of periodontal diseases. Master the etiology, clinical manifestations and treatment of periodontal diseases.[Contents]Theory 1. Classification of periodontal diseases2. Etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal diseases 3. Treatment of periodontal diseasesPracticeThe clinical manifestation and treatment of dental caries.The feature of the pain of pulpitis and the emergency treatment of pulpitis in detail.The method of root canal treatment.The scaling method of teeth. CHAPTER 6：THE DISEASES OF ORAL MUCOSA[Objectives]Master the clinical features and the treatment principles of aphthae ulcers, herpetic stomatitis, angular stomatitis, Behcet syndrome, lichen planus and leukoplakia.[Contents]Theory The clinical features and the treatment principles of aphthae ulcers, herpetic stomatitis, moniloasis white mouth, lichen planus and leukoplakia.PracticeDifferential diagnosis of oral mucous diseasesCHAPTER 7: LOCAL ANESTHESIA IN DENTISTRY AND MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMAS[Objectives]Master the kinds of local anesthesia and the methods for anesthesia. Master the trauma of soft tissues in the face and treatments.[Contents]Theory The method of oral infiltration anesthesia and the mark of the conduction anesthesia.The indications and relative contraindications of tooth extraction, the complications of local anesthesia, syncope, poisoning, anaphylactic reaction and idiosyncrasy, the complications of tooth extraction, the prevention and treatment of postoperative hemorrhage and infections.The procedure and method of common tooth extractions. CHAPTER 8: MAXILLOFACIAL TRAUMA[Objectives]Master the fracture of bones: classifications, clinical system and treatments.[Contents]Theory The way of maxillofacial infections and the channel that the infection diffuses into cranial cavity.The etiology, clinical manifestation, complications and treatment of the periodontal infection of the lower third molar.The clinical feature and differential diagnosis of infection of the maxillofacial space in detail and the indications and the location of incision and drainage.The etiology, clinical manifestation, prevention and treatment of radiation osteomyelitis of the jaws, the clinical feature and treatment principle of odontogenic osteomyelitis of the jaws.The clinical feature and the local treatment principle of facial furuncles and carbuncles.Practice 1. Clinical manifestation, complications and treatment of periodontal infection of the lower third molar.2. The clinical feature and differential diagnosis, indications of local incision and drainage of infection of the maxillofacial space.3. Clinical feature and the local treatment principle of facial furuncles and carbuncles.CHAPTER 9: EXTRACTION OF TEETH[Objectives]Master the complications of teeth extractions, the preventions and treatment of post-operative hemorrhages and infections. Master the procedure and methods of extracting common teeth.[Contents]Theory The method of oral infiltration anesthesia and the mark of the conduction anesthesia.The indications and relative contraindications of tooth extraction, the complications of local anesthesia, syncope, poisoning, anaphylactic reactions and idiosyncrasy. The complications of tooth extractions and the prevention and treatment of postoperative hemorrhage and infection.The procedure and methods of the extraction of common teeth.Practice1. The method of oral infiltration anesthesia and conduction anesthesia.2. The extraction of normal teeth.CHAPTER 10: TUMORS OF THE MOUTH AND JAW BONES, CELLULITIS AND DISEASE OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS[Objectives]Master the common tumors of the mouth and jaw bones and their diagnosis and treatment. Master the clinical features, treatment and prognosis and clinical signs of cellulitis. Master the diseases of the salivary glands: tumors and sialolithiasis.[Contents]Theory The clinical manifestation and treatment of common benign and malignant tumors of the oral and maxillofacial regions, such as epulis, ameloblastoma, hemangioma and pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland. The features of oral carcinoma.The clinical manifestation and treatment principle of soft tissue cysts of the oral and maxillofacial regions and jaw cysts.Precancerous lesions, such as leukoplakia, erythroplakia, chronic ulcer and erosive lichen planus.REFERENCES1. Maxillofacial Surgery, 1st Edition, Peter Ward Booth, 1999, Harcourt Brace & Co Ltd.A color Atlas of Periodontology, 2nd Edition. I. M. Waite. J. D. Strahan, 1990, Wolf Medical Publications Ltd. Color Atlas of Endodontics, 1st Edition, William T. Johnson, 2002, W. B. Saunders Company INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC MEDICINEApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 30 hours to study this course. TEACHING HOURS DISTRIBUTIONNo.ContentsHours1Overview of forensic medicine22Introduction to death certification and determination procedures23Forensic medicine related to disasters and public health24Time of death and post-mortem changes15Several causes of sudden death46Forensic medicine related to children as well as crimes and abuse27Introduction to environmental injuries:18Environmental injury:19Introduction to Forensic Toxicology410Introduction to forensic psychiatry311Forensic serology and DNA evidence2Total24The Basic ObjectivesThis course is an introduction to the science of forensic medicine. Forensic medicine is a branch of medicine and pathology that deals with medical topics related to legal investigations concerning medical cases. The specialty also deals with issues related to medical surveillance, public health and toxicology. This introductory course provides an overview of several important forensic topics.ContentsKnowledge 1. Overview of forensic medicineDefinitions of basic termsForensic pathologyAutopsiesForensic medical investigationsComponents of medico-legal investigationsDeath scene investigation examplesOverview of some common causes of death in forensic investigations Further common terminologies and definitions2. Introduction to death certification and determination proceduresSeveral common causes and mechanisms of death in forensic medicineDeath certification proceduresLegal considerations and court procedures for the forensic pathologistMatters related to forensic evidence 3. Forensic medicine related to disasters and public healthVictim identification proceduresAviation related forensic medicine/mass disastersForensic autopsy topicsBioterrorism and chemical agents 4. Time of death and post-mortem changesShort post-mortem changes (hours)Intermediate post-mortem changes (days to weeks)Extended post-mortem interval (months to years) 5. Several causes of sudden deathOverview of sudden death and SIDSDetails about SIDSDetails about sudden cardiac death 6. Forensic medicine related to children as well as crimes and abuseInfanticide and deaths in infantsChild abuseSexual battery 7. Introduction to environmental injuries:Submersion injuries (drowning and near drowning)Electrical InjuriesBrief introduction to management of patient with electrical injuries8. Environmental injury:Fire related deathsDeaths from hyperthermia Deaths from hypothermiaDeaths from venomous animals 9. Introduction to Forensic ToxicologyForensic toxicologyDrug related deathsToxicological analysisPost-mortem analysis of a drug deathEthanol and cocaine related deaths10. Introduction to forensic psychiatryForensic psychiatryEmotional and psychiatric related deaths11. Forensic serology and DNA evidenceForensic serologyDNA evidence proceduresUse of DNA evidence in crime investigations and paternity testingSkillsGain an understanding of the role of forensic medicine in health care, and its uses.Gain an understanding of several of the important definitions and terms used in forensic medicineGain understanding of death certification proceduresGain understanding of time of death determination and post-mortem changesIntroduction to use of forensic information in court proceduresGain understanding of several areas of clinical forensic medicine, such as environmental injury, toxicologyGain understanding of deaths and injury in children, as well as deaths related to abuse, criminal acts, as well as natural causes.Introduction to forensic psychiatryIntroduction to use of forensic serology and DNA evidenceTEACHING METHODSProblem analysis related to forensic topicsReview questions Research of interesting topics via internet, textbooks, and medical journalsFinal Examination at end of courseREFERENCESInternet to access numerous websites about specific forensic topics, using the main subject heading as a search term and these can be introduced during the courseForensic Pathology, Principles and Practice; David Dolinak, Evan W. Matshes, and Emma O. Lew, Elsvier Inc. 2005THE SYLLABUS OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE (TCM)Applicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 66 hours to study this course. The study of theory needs 62 hours; the study of experimental skill needs 4 hours. Course introduction:Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a medical system gained from the experiences of Chinese people over thousands of years in their struggle against diseases.TCM is the science which is based on Yin-Yang and the Five Elements theories, characterized by the physiological and pathological functions of the viscera and meridians. The diagnostic and therapeutic features of treatment are based upon syndrome differentiation. The Basic ObjectivesIt will request students to grasp Yin-Yang and the Five Elements Doctrines, visceral theory, Meridian-Collaterals, diagnosis methods, acupuncture and moxibustion. For concrete content of each chapter, the aims and requests will be divided into three parts: grasped contents, familiar contents and comprehended contents.Teaching Hours DistributionChapterContentsLecturePractice1Introduction22Yin-Yang and the Five Elements Doctrines63Theory of Visceral and bowels124Qi, Blood and Body Fluids25Etiology and Pathology66Diagnostic Methods617Differentiations of syndrome108Trentment and therapeutic methods29The meridian-collaterals and acupoints20310Chinese medicine12Total624Theoretical part (62 hours)CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION[Objectives]Understand the Concept of Wholism of TCM.Grasp Concept of syndrome differentiation, distinguash the syndrome, symptom and disease.[Contents]Some famous books and expertConcept of Wholism, syndrome ,symptom and disease, Concept of syndrome differentiationCHAPTER 2: YIN-YANG AND THE FIVE ELEMENTS DOCTRINES[Objectives]Understand the basic concept of the theory of Yin-Yang as well as the Five Elements.Grasp Content of the theory of Yin-Yang as well as the Five Elements; master the uses of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements in TCM. [Contents]Basic concept of the theory of Yin-Yang as well as the Five Elements Uses of Yin-Yang and the Five Elements in TCM. CHAPTER 3: THEORY OF VISCERAL AND BOWELS[Objectives]Understand the principal content and characteristics of the Theory of Visceral and bowels, and the differentiation between Visceral and bowels.Grasp the principal functions of Visceral and bowels, and the relationships between Visceral and bowels.[Contents]Physiological functions and pathological changes of the visceral and bowels Concept of extraordinary fu-organsExternal-internal relationship of Zang-Viscera and Fu-Viscera CHAPTER 4: QI, BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS[Objectives]Understand the Concept of Qi, Blood and Body Fluids of TCM.Be familiar with the Classification of Qi.Grasp Physiological functions of Qi, the relationships between Qi and blood, the process of water-metabolism.[Contents]The Concept of Qi, Blood and Body Fluids of TCM, the Classification of Qi.Physiological functions of Qi, the relationships between Qi and blood, the process of water-metabolism CHAPTER 5: ETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY[Objectives]Be familiar with the Concept of Etiology and classification method in TCM.Master the characteristics of The Six Exopathic Factors, grasp Concept of Vital-Qi and Evils-Qi.[Contents]The characteristics of The Six Exopathic FactorsConcept of Vital-Qi and Evils-Qi, seven emotionsImbalance between yin and yangCHAPTER 6: DIAGNOSTIC METHODS[Objectives]Be familiar with clinical significance of tongue inspection, the principle of the formation of pulse conditions and the clinical significance of pulse-taking;Master observation of the mental faculty; the tongue proper and tongue coating, portions for pulse-taking; the normal pulse; the floating and deep pulse; the slow pulse and rapid pulse; the wiry pulse.[Contents]TheoryObservation of the mental facultyObservation of the tongue proper and tongue coatingPortions for pulse-taking; the normal pulse Practice1. Inspection of the tongue: the methods of clinical inspection of the tongue, the inspection of the tongue texture and tongue fur, the main points of inspection of tongue.2. Pulse-taking and palpation: the methods for clinical pulse taking, the manifestations of the common pulses. CHAPTER 7: DIFFERENTIATIONS OF SYNDROME[Objectives]Be familiar with differentiations of pathological changes in accordance with the theory of Zang-fu organ.Understand differentiations of syndrome in accordance with the state of Qi, blood and body fluids.Master the clinical manifestations of exterior-interior syndromes, cold-heat syndromes, deficiency-excess syndromes and Yin-Yang syndromes.[Contents]The clinical manifestations of exterior-interior syndromes, cold-heat syndromes, deficiency-excess syndromes and Yin-Yang syndromes.Differentiations of syndrome in accordance with the state of Qi, blood and body fluids.Differentiations of pathological changes in accordance with the theory of Zang-fu organ. CHAPTER 8: TREAMENT AND THERAPEUTIC METHODS[Objectives]Be familiar with the principles of prevention before disease occurs and treatment before disease develops; the principles of strengthening the Vital and dispelling the evil, regulating yin and yang, treatment and the season, locality and individual.Master the fundamental principles for disease prevention and treatment; the content of treatment aimed at the root disease; the concept of the eight therapeutic methods and their indications.[Contents]The principles of strengthening the Vital and dispelling the evilThe content of treatment aimed at the root diseaseThe concept of the eight therapeutic methods and their indicationsCHAPTER 9: THE MERIDIAN-COLLATERALS AND ACUPOINTS[Objectives]Understand the Concept of the meridians and collaterals (Jing-luo) Be familiar with some important point of fourteen meridiansGrasp the nomenclature and the characteristics of the distribution of the twelve meridians; master the direction of flow and the connecting places of the twelve meridians, methods of locating acupoints.[Contents] TheoryThe Concept of the meridians and collateralsThe nomenclature and the characteristics of the distribution of the twelve meridiansThe connecting places of the twelve meridians, methods of locating acupointsSome important acupoints of fourteen meridiansPracticeExplain the methods of selection of common acupoints by citing examples of patients or students.CHAPTER 10: CHINESE MEDICINE[Objectives]Be familiar with the term, property of Chinese herbs.Master the properties, functions, dosage of commonly used releasing exterior conditions herbs, expelling wind dampness herbs, heat-clearing herbs, downward draining herbs, warming the interior, herbs for regulating Qi and blood, herbs for tonification. Grasp the function of the bacia prescriptions such as SI JUN ZI TANG, LIU WEI DI HUANG WAN, YUE JU WAN. [Contents]The term, property of Chinese herbs.Properties, functions, dosage of commonly used releaving exterior conditions herbs, expelling wind dampness herbs, heat-clearing herbs, downward draining herbs, warming the interior, herbs for regulating Qi and blood, herbs. The bacia prescriptions.THE SYLLABUS OF COMMUNITY MEDICINEApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 54ours to study this course.Course Introduction:Community medicine is an overlapping subject that deals with community health care services, which include medical treatment, prevention, rehabilitation, and health education for people living in the community. This course provides students with knowledge and research methods in health education, disease prevention, and medical treatment and rehabilitation of the community. The course will develop skills in the area of community health care services. The course is divided into 5 main sections: (1) Social factors and health; (2) Community planning and management; (3) Environmental health; (4) Occupational hazard and prevention; and (5) Community mental health.Teaching Hours DistributionNo.ContentsTeaching Hours1Introduction to community medicine62Environmental health (Part 1)63Environmental health (Part 2), Occupational health (Part 1)64Occupational health (Part 2)65Sociological and psychological factors and health (Part 1)46Sociological and psychological factors and health (Part 2)47Health behavior and health promotion68Primary health care and community health services69Disease prevention and control6Total54CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY MEDICINE[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will be able to:Define the concept of community medicine.Understand the historical development of the community medicine. Define the concepts of health, medical model and describe the evolution of medical model. Describe the determinants of health and disease.Describe the concepts and basic principles of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.[Contents]Concepts, basic principles, history and development, new perspectives on community medicine.Medical model concept and the evolution of medical model.Determinants of health and disease.Life course approach.Three levels of prevention.CHAPTER 2: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will be able to:Define the concepts of environment.Describe the sources and health impact of environmental hazards.Learn the process of environmental risk assessments.Understand the components and basic principles of environmental health intervention and prevention of environmental risk.[Contents] The concept of environmentEnvironmental media and the effects of environmental factors on healthThe sources of environmental hazards (in air, water, soil)Major impacts to health from environmental hazardsEnvironmental health risk assessment process, risk managementEnvironmental health intervention and prevention of environmental riskCHAPTER 3: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will be able to:Describe the concepts of work-related diseases and occupational diseases.Describe common occupational hazards and its association with the health of workers.Understand the categories of occupational diseases.Understand the concepts, components and principles of basic occupational health service.[Contents]Concepts of occupational health, work-related diseases and occupational diseases.Occupational hazards and their impact on the health of workers.Occupational diseases and principles of prevention of occupational diseases.Basic occupational health service: the concepts, components and principles.CHAPTER 4: SOCIOLOGIAL AND PSYCHOLOGIALFACTORS AND HEALTH[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will be able to:Understand the concept and characteristics of social health.Describe the role of social factors in health and identify the causes of social factors that affect of health.Describe the concepts and characteristics community mental health.Understand the components of community mental health program.Describe the methods of community mental health promotion[Contents]Social economy and health.Public policy and health.Social culture and healthFamily and munity mental health.Concept of community mental health.Epidemiology of mental illness and social pathology.Mental health needs of the community, Community mental health munity mental health promotion.CHAPTER 5: HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH PROMOTION[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will be able to:Describe behaviors that foster and hinder well-being.Be familiar with health behavior change theories.Learn the concept and principles of community health promotion.Understand the PROCEED health promotion program implementing model.[Contents]The scope of health behavior: Health-related behaviorsCommunity assessment of behaviorHealth behavior change theoriesModels of individual health behaviorModels of interpersonal health behaviorCommunity and group models of health behavior changeThe concept and principles of community health promotion.Health promotion programs implementing model: PROCEED planning model.CHAPTER 6: PRIMARY HEALTH CARE AND COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will be able to:Describe the concepts, principles and components of primary health care.Describe the concept, characteristics and function of community health services.Describe the organization and operation of community health services.[Contents]The global health strategy Primary health care: the concepts, principles and component of primary health careCommunity health servicesConcept and characteristics of community health servicesThe function of community health servicesThe organization and operation of community health servicesCHAPTER 7: DISEASE PREVENTION AND CONTROL[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will be able to:Understand the global strategies for control of communicable diseases.Describe the approaches to disease prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.[Contents]Global strategies for control of communicable diseases.Control measures applied to the host.Control measures applied to the infected humans.Control measures applied to the environment.Control measures applied to the agents.Disease prevention and control of non-communicable diseases.Type of preventionScreeningPrevention and careHealth promotion and educationLife-course approach to disease preventionREFERENCES1. Detels. R, McEwen J, Beaglehole R, and Heizo T., Oxford Textbook of Public Health, 4th Edition, 2004, Oxford University Press.2. McKenzie, James F., Pinger, Robert R., Kotecki, Jerome E., An Introduction to Community Health, 4th Edition, 2002, Jones and Bartlett Publishers.THE SYLLABUS OF CLINICAL SKILLSApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 24 hours to study this course. Course Introduction: Courses enable students to master the commonly used clinical nursing skills, cultivate students to hands-on, practical operation ability, and to training students’ clinical thinking ability, practice ability, for learning the follow-up professional course to prepare the necessary knowledge and ability, and lay a foundation for future work in the clinical.The Basic Objective:Clinical skills class focuses on cultivating medical students clinical thinking and clinical practical ability, students should first interrogation techniques between repeated training and physical examination technique, the basic clinical skills by center of each laboratory teaching model, to master basic clinical skills teaching Objective.Teaching Hours Distribution ChapterContentsTeaching HoursChapter 1Thoracentesis2Chapter 2Bone Marrow Aspiration2Chapter 3Lumbar Puncture2Chapter 4Paracentesis2Chapter 1Basic Theory of CPR1Chapter 2Chest Compression1Chapter 3Artificial Respiration1Chapter 4Defibrillation1Chapter 1Bimanual Examination Rectovaginal Examination2Chapter 2Four Maneuvers of Leopold2Chapter 3Internal and External Pelvimetry2Chapter 4Culdocentesis2Chapter 1Hemostasis Bandage1Chapter 2Debridement1Chapter 3Handling of Spinal Injury1Chapter 4Fixation and First Aid of Fracture1Total24INTERNAL MEDICINE（内科）Applicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 8 hours to study this course. Teaching period plan: ClassContentsHoursChapter 1thoracentesis2Chapter 2bone marrow aspiration2Chapter 3Lumbar Puncture2Chapter 4paracentesis2Chapter 1: THORACENTESIS[Objectives]Know the clinical application and clinical significance of thoracentesis.Be familiar with the indication, contraindication, operation procedure and clinical experience of thoracentesis.Master the operation methods and operation steps and complications of thoracentesis .[Contents] Prior to the procedure:Explain the aims,indication, contraindication ,complications and operation procedure of thoracentesis. Obtain consent for procedure from patient.Obtain consent for procedure from patient. The procedure: 1、Wash hands. 2、Position patient in sitting up on a chair. 3、Expose area for thoracentesis and locate the puncture point in the 7-8th intercostalspace along inferscalular line or posterior axillary line, the 6-7th intercoatalspce along midaxillary line or the 5th intercostalspce along anterior axillary line after percussion and auscultation.clean the overlying skin with an appropriate disinfectant, either povidone-iodine or a chlorhexidine-based solution. Apply the disinfectant in widening concentric circles. Cover the area with sterile drapes.Inject lidocaine subcutaneously and into chest cavity. Prepare puncture needle, assuring unobstructed or leaked. Stretch skin over the puncture site with thumb and forefinger of one hand and holding puncture needle and puncture skin and advance through subcutaneous tissue into chest cavity using a steady, controlled pressure. Take out the liquid from chest cavity.the volume of liquid not more than 600ml first time and 1000ml after the first time. Remove needle and maintain pressure over puncture site approximately 2 minutes until bleeding has stopped. Remove sterile drape and disinfection with povidone-iodine. After procedure:1 Tell patient the matters need attention.2 make the clothes. Chapter 2: BONE MARROW ASPIRATION[Objectives]Grasp the indications, contraindications and the procedure of bone marrow aspiration. [Contents]Prior to the procedure: Obtain consent for procedure. At the time of the procedure: Wash hands. Position patient in prone or side-lying position. Expose area for aspiration and locate posterior superior iliac crest. Perpendicularly inject lidocaine subcutaneously and into periosteum. Prepare bone marrow needle, assuring stylet moves freely. Stretch skin taunt over puncture site, keeping crest between thumb and index finger of one hand. Holding bone marrow needle with stylet in place, puncture skin and advance through subcutaneous tissue, periosteum and into marrow cavity using a steady, controlled pressure with a twisting motion. When the needle is firmly in place and a slight give in pressure is felt, the cavity has been entered. Remove the stylet and quickly attach the plain syringe to the needle hub. Apply strong, quick suction and obtain approximately 0.5ml marrow. Hand syringe to the lab technician. Obtain other samples with heparinized syringe as needed. Remove needle with syringe attached with slight twisting motion.Maintain pressure over site approximately 2 minutes until bleeding has stopped. Meanwhile, remove sterile drape and cleanse povidone-iodine from skin with alcohol swab to avoid burn. Chapter3: LUMBAR PUNCTURE[Objectives]Grasp the indications, contraindications, complications and the procedure of Lumbar Puncture[Contents]Equipment: Commercially available trays contain the necessary supplies, including a spinal needle with a stylet, skin-cleansing agents, drapes, collection tubes, and a manometer. A 22-gauge needle is preferred, because the smaller hole will decrease the risk of CSF leakage. In general, a needle measuring 1.5 in. (3.8 cm) is used in infants, 2.5 in. (6.3 cm) in children, and 3.5 in. (8.9 cm) in adults.Positioning: The patient should assume either the lateral recumbent position or a sitting position. The lateral recumbent position is preferred, to obtain an accurate opening pressure and to reduce the risk of post-puncture headache.Landmarks: Draw a line visually between the superior aspects of the iliac crests that intersect the midline at the L4 spinous process. Insert the needle in the interspace between L3 and L4 or L4 and L5,Preparation: After donning sterile gloves, clean the overlying skin with an appropriate disinfectant, either povidone-iodine or a chlorhexidine-based solution. Apply the disinfectant in widening concentric circles. Cover the area with sterile drapes.Analgesia and Sedation: After the skin has been clean and draped, local anesthetic can be infiltrated subcutaneously. Systemic sedatives and analgesics may also be used.Lumbar Puncture: After once again palpating the landmarks, insert the needle, with stylet firmly in place, at the superior aspect of the inferior spinous process, in the midline, approximately 15 degrees cephalad, as if aiming at the patient’s umbilicus. If properly positioned, the needle should pass through, in order, the skin, subcutaneous tissue, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament between the spinous processes, ligamentum flavum, epidural space including the internal vertebral venous plexus, dura, and arachnoid, into the subarachnoid space and between thenerve roots of the cauda equina. As the needle passes through the ligamentum flavum, you may feel a popping sensation. After this point, withdraw the stylet in 2-mm intervals to assess for CSF flow.Specimen Collection: CSF will drip into the collection tubes; the amount of fluid collected should be limited to the smallest volume necessary-typically, 3 to 4 ml. After collecting an adequate specimen, replace the stylet and remove the needle.The site should be cleaned, and a bandage applied. Despite the widely held belief, bed rest does not decrease the incidence of headaches after lumbar puncture.Chapter 4: PARACENTESIS[Objectives]Know the clinical application and clinical significance of paracentesisBe familiar with the indication, contraindication, operation procedure and clinical experience of paracentesis.Master the operation methods and operation steps of paracentesis.[Contents] Explain the indication, contraindication, operation procedure and clinical experience of paracentesis.Demonstrate the operation methods and operation steps of paracentesis.Practice the paracentesis grouping.EMERGENCY MEDICINE(急诊）Applicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 4hours to study this course. Teaching period plan: Chapter 1Basic theory of CPR1Chapter 2Chest compression1Chapter 3Artificial respiration1Chapter 4Defibrillation1[Objectives]Master basic theory of CPRMaster how to chest compression, artificial respiration and defibrillation. Chapter 1: Basic theory of CPR [Objectives]Master of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) indications, contraindications and complications [Contents]CPR indications: In patients with cardiac arrest caused by various causes.Causes include AMI, hyperkalemia, drowning, shock and so on. CPR contraindications: open chest trauma?, multiple fractures of multiple ribs, Cardiopulmonary serious damage.CPR complications: Artificial respiratory complications: hyperentilation, stomach swell. Chest compressions complications: fractured ribs, pneumothorax, hemothorax, pulmonary contusion, liver and spleen laceration, etc.Chapter 2: Chest compression [Objectives] Master the position of chest compressions, location, method, frequency and amplitude [Contents]Position: Lie on your back in patients with rigid plane. Patients with head and neck, torso straight without distortion, put both hands on both sides in the trunk.Location: 1/3 connection of the middle or double nipple with the breastbone at the junction of the midline.Method: Press the body bent forward, a palm of the hand with in patients in the chest part, and then hands overlap, arms stretched straight, vertical downward pressure. Don't leave chest wall every time raised his palm root.Press the frequency: at least 100 times/min.Pressure range: at least 5 cm.Chapter 3: Artificial respiration[Objectives] Master the methods of artificial respiration. [Contents]Open airway.The forefinger and the thumb pinch the patients nostril.Normal suction, then encase the patient's mouth completely.Slow blowing into patient mouth (more than 1 second).Suspends the blowing when you are pressing, blow frequency is 10 to 12 times/min, press the - ventilation rate is 30:2.Chapter 4: Defibrillation [Objectives] Master the methods of defibrillation. [Contents]1. The patient lay down in bed, remove metal and so on.2. Electrode plates coated with conductive paste.3. A plate electrode placed in the right medial right collarbone, another electrode plates on the bottom left of the left nipple (apex), the distance of two electrodes, at least more than 10 cm.4. Two-way wave of 150-200J, one-direction wave recommended high-energy defibrillation 360J.Obstetrics and Gynecology（妇产）窗体底端Applicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 8 hours to study this course. Teaching period plan: Chapter 1bimanual examination rectovaginal examination2Chapter 2four maneuvers of leopold2Chapter 3internal and external pelvimetry2Chapter 4culdocentesis2[Objectives] 1. To HYPERLINK "; understand? gynecological examination methods and the announcements Master 窗体顶端2. To check the size of the uterus, fetal lie, fetal presentation,fetal position, and ?HYPERLINK "; whether the fetal presentation is connected.内容提要：重点讲解四部触诊法的检查方法及注意事项，特别是检查的方法及步骤。窗体底端3. Internal and external pelvimetry should be done in internal and external pelvimetry,to determine the size and shape of pelvis indirectly.the methods and announcements of it. HYPERLINK "; understand? the methods and announcements of it窗体底端窗体顶端4.窗体顶端4. To know surgical indications and contraindications,surgical indications and contraindications, understand the method and announcements of culdocentesis窗体底端5.Master the methods of first aid and fixed of limb fractures. Chapter 1 Bimanual Examination Rectovaginal Examination[Objectives]To HYPERLINK "; understand? gynecological examination methods and the announcements [Contents]focus on the methods of gynecological clinical examination announcements, especially the method of pelvic examination steps and announcements. Chapter 2 FourManeuvers Of Leopold [Objectives] To check the size of the uterus, fetal lie, fetal presentation,fetal position, and ?HYPERLINK "; whether the fetal presentation is connected.[Contents]expound the steps and announcements of four maneuvers of leopold,especially .And the methods and announcements of it. Chapter 3 Internal ＡND Ｅxternal Pelvimetry[Objectives]Internal and external pelvimetry should be done in internal and external pelvimetry,to determine the size and shape of pelvis indirectly.the methods and announcements of it. HYPERLINK "; understand? the methods and announcements of it[Contents]Expound the steps and announcements of internal and external pelvimetry,and HYPERLINK "; range?HYPERLINK "; of?normal value of the diameters. Chapter 4 ＣUIDOCENTESIS[Objectives]1. To know surgical indications and contraindications,surgical indications and contraindications, understand the method and announcements of culdocentesis内容提要：重点讲解后穹窿穿刺术的检查方法及注意事项，特别是检查的方法及步骤。[Contents]Expound the method and announcements of culdocentesis,and the steps of culdocentesis especially.Surgery Clinical Skills Training Program（外科）Applicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 4 hours to study this course. Teaching period plan:Chapter 1Hemostasis bandage1Chapter 2Debridement1Chapter 3Handling of spinal injury.1Chapter 4Fixation and first aid of fracture1窗体底端[Objectives]1.Master basic theory and application of surgery clinical skills.Master 窗体顶端2.Master methods of hemostatic bandage.窗体底端3.Master methods of debridement.窗体底端窗体顶端4.窗体顶端4.Master the handling method of spinal injury.窗体底端5.Master the methods of first aid and fixed of limb fractures. Chapter 1 Hemostasis bandage[Objectives]1.Master methods of hemostatic bandage.[Contents]窗体顶端1.窗体顶端1.Hemostatic bandage needed items.2.Hemostasis of bleeding in different parts.(Acupressure,Compression method,Packing method,Tourniquet)The method of wound dressing(Bandage). Chapter 2 Debridement[Objectives]1.Master methods of debridemen.[Contents]1.Master the indications and methods of debridement.2.Master the optimal time of debridement.3.窗体顶端3.Master debridement necessary items.窗体底端Master the step of debridement. Chapter 3 Handling of spinal injury[Objectives]1.Master methods of handling of spinal injury.[Contents]Master the basic handling method of spinal injury.(Unarmed transport. Stretcher handling.)2.Master the precautions of spinal injury handling.3.Familiar the error handling methods. Chapter 4 Fixation and first aid of fracture[Objectives]1.Master methods of fixation and first aid of fracture.[Contents]1.The basic method of fracture first aid: (1).Rescue shock (2).Dressing wounds (3).Properly fixed The fixation of fracture of Different parts:(Clavicle fracture,Humeral shaft fracture,Ulnar fracture,Radial fractures,Phalangeal fractures,Femoral shaft fracture,Tibial fractures) (4).Rapid transit2.The basic method of fracture fixation and precautions. (1).Master the indications and contraindications of plaster fixation.(2).Master the indications and contraindications of small splints.(3).Master the precautions about fixations.THE SYLLABUS OF Medical EthicsClass Hours: 24 (Theory Class Hours) .Applicable to professional:Six-year system, clinical medicine.Ⅰ The Nature And The Task Of Medical EthicsMedical ethics is a subject about the ethical issues that physicians encounter in caring for patients. In order to train medical students to become physicians must understand ethical issues such as informed consent, truth telling, confidentiality, privacy, the clinical care and end-off life care, and so on. Clinical medicine students must apply this knowledge in their daily practice. The goal of this subject is to help clinical medicine students understand and manage the cases that they will encounter in their practice, and on those occasions when ethical disagreements emerge, to study how to guide patients, clinicians, toward the resolution of medical ethical conflicts.Medical ethics is a structured approach to ethical questions in medicine. Medical ethics depends on the larger discipline of moral philosophy, health law, communication skills, and medicine. The students of clinical medicine must master this field. Center to the practical application of clinical ethics is the ability to identify and analysis of an ethical question and to reach a reasonable conclusion and recommendation for action.Analyze and deal with the complex cases in clinical or other areas according to the pertinent ethical knowledge learned.Ⅱ Related Course Of Medical Ethics The related courses of medical ethics include philosophy, medicine, the science of law, economics, anthropology, psychology, sociology and so on.Ⅲ The Basic Teaching RequirementThe requirement of the teachers:Possess the medical ethics theory structure.Be competent at teaching and researching on medical ethics.The requirement of the students: Finish the assignment on time. Join the speech and argument. Practice the theory in clinical medicine.Ⅳ Distribution of class hoursNo.ContentsHours1Short introduction of medical ethics22The development of medical ethics23The tool-box for reasoning: several questions about philosophy24The tool-box for reasoning: basic ethical theory25The tool-box for reasoning: basic principles of medical ethics 46The ethics of the relationship between patients and physicians27The ethics of clinical diagnosis and treatment28The ethics of medical research and hospice care and euthanasia29The problems of bioethics410Test2Total24Ⅴ Course AssessmentThe course assessment includes the class behavior and the final term examination. Class behavior occupy fifty percent, and final term examination occupy the other fifty percent. The assessment of class behavior is about the attendance. Join the arguments and finish the assignments. The assessment of the final term examination is about the theory and analysis of the basic medical ethics knowledge.Ⅵ Text Book And ReferenceText book: Medical Ethics: A Very Short Introduction. Tony Hope, English, Oxford University press.REFERENCES1. The Oxford Textbook of Clinical Research Ethics. Oxford University Press.2. Ethics: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press.3. Death and Dying, Life and Living. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.4. An Introduction Of Bioethics. Paulist Press.Ⅶ Teaching Contentⅰ Short Introduction Of Medical Ethics:Emphasis: the concept of ethics the concept of morals the relationship between ethics and morals the concept of medical ethics the relationship between ethics and medical ethicsDifficult: the relationship between ethics and morals the relationship between ethics and medical ethicsComprehension: the classify of ethics the reason of learning medical ethicsⅱ The Development Of Medical Ethics:Emphasis: the history of ethics the development of medical ethics the documents of ethics the documents of medical ethicsDifficulty: the history of ethicsComprehension: the representatives and the main idea about the medical ethics documentsⅲ The Tool-box For Reasoning: Several Questions About PhilosophyEmphasis: reflection, thought experiment, logical, syllogismDifficulty: valid syllogismComprehension: the application of reflectionⅳ The Tool-box For Reasoning: Basic Ethical TheoryEmphasis: Virtue ethics, Deontologism, Utilitarianism Difficulty: Utilitarianism, The difference between Deontologism and Virtue ethicsComprehension: Biognoses ⅴ The Tool-box For Reasoning: The Principle Of Medical EthicsEmphasis: respect autonomy of patients Nonmaleficence BenecicenceDifficulty: respect autonomy of patientsComprehension: justice The difference between nonmaleficence and beneficence ⅵ The Ethics Of The Relationship Between Patients And Physicians Emphasis: Rights and responsibilities of patient-physician relationship Fundamental elements of the patient-physician relationship The requirement between patients and physicians The relationship between doctorsDifficulty: Rights and responsibilities of patient-physician relationshipⅶ The Ethics Of Clinical Diagnosis And TreatmentEmphasis: The principles of clinical diagnosisThe principles of clinical treatmentDifficulty: The principles of clinical diagnosisThe principles of clinical treatmentⅷ The Ethics Of Medical Research And Hospice Care And EuthanasiaEmphasis: The basic principles of medical research ethicsThe rights of patients/research subjects and human rightsActive euthanasia and passive euthanasiaThe development of hospice careEthical significance of hospice careDifficulty: The rights of patients/research subjects and human rightsActive euthanasia and passive euthanasiaComprehension: Definition of deathThe judgment of deathDefinition of euthanasiaDefinition of hospice careⅸ The Problems Of bioethics Emphasis: Birth control: Induced abortion, Contraception, Diagnosis before childbirthOrgan transplantation: Problems of organ transplantation, Ethical principles of organ transplantationHuman genome research and gene therapy :Ethical problems of human genome researchEthical principles of gene therapyDifficulty: principles of organ transplantation Ethical principles of gene therapyComprehension: Definition of life, The original standard of life, Ethical theories about lifeTHE SYLLABUS OF THE MEDICAL CHINESE COURSE Applicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 108 hours to study this course.Course Introduction:This course specifically designed for overseas students in Liaoning Medical University for undergraduate medical education, is used to introduce medical Chinese words and commonly-used medical Chinese expressions. At the same time, the students will do many forms of practice to enhance listening and speaking skills. The course emphasis is on the connection and transition of both language and professional knowledge. We have varied forms of teaching methods: lecture with power point presentations, use of VCD / DVD for visual material, and the student-centered method, such as interactive group work, use of case studies, role plays and discussion groups and so on. We use the Practical Medical Chinese, published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, as the textbooks, and it takes totally 108 teaching hours and starts to learn from the 7th semester.The Basic Objectives As the requirements of the course, the students should master 450 medical Chinese words, 360 most commonly-used medical communication expressions, so as to communicate and take practice in hospital in Chinese effectively and efficiently.Teaching Hours DistributionChapterContentsTeaching hoursChapter 1Systemic Anatomy6Chapter 2Locomotor System6Chapter 3Digestive and Respiratory System6Chapter 4Cardiovascular System6Chapter 5Endocrine System6Chapter 6Nervous System6Chapter 7Urinary System6Chapter 8Reproductive System6Chapter 9Histology And Embryology6Chapter 10Medical Genetics6Chapter 11Physiology 6Chapter 12Respiration and Digestive Physiology6Chapter 13Blood and Circulatory Physiology6Chapter 14Urinary Physiology6Chapter 15Biochemistry6Chapter 16General Introduction to Medical Parasitology6Chapter 17Introduction to Medical Microbiology6Chapter 18Introduction to Medical Immunology 6Total108CHAPTER 1: SYSTEMIC ANATOMY[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the medical anatomy, such as some body part words “chest”, “abdomen”, etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the clinic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to medical anatomy, such as “四肢limbs”, “近侧proximal part”, “胫侧tibial part”, “矢状面sagittal plane”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: Body Part Dialogue two: Anatomical PositionPart three: medical reading: Systemic AnatomyThe systemic anatomy is a morphological and structural study of the functional organ systems of the body. In anatomy the body can be divided into 9 systems: the loco motor, digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive, circulatory, sensory organs, nervous and endocrine.[Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 躯干部、桡侧、尺侧、腓侧、水平面Key sentence patterns: ……是……还是……？……由……组成；在……中CHAPTER 2: LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the human locomotor system, such as “humerus”, “hip joint”, etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the clinic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to locomotor system, such as “肱骨humerus”, “椎间盘intervertebral disc”, “颈椎 cervical vertebrae”, “桡骨 radius”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: Fracture; Dialogue two: Gastrocnemius Injury.Part three: medical reading: Locomotor SystemThe locomotor system consists of bones, joints and muscles, constituting 65% of the body’s weight of human. Bone is an organ composed of bone tissues. Human skeleton is composed of 206 bones, which may be classified into three main types according to its location: cranial, trunk and limb. [Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 骨折、手上、担心、住院、出院、拉伤Key sentence patterns: 拍X光片、有点儿+adj、好点儿CHAPTER 3: DIGESTIVE AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the digestive and respiratory system, such as “duodenum”, “cardia”, “pylorus” etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the digestive & respiratory clinic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to digestive and respiratory system, such as “胰腺 pancreas”, “胆囊 gall bladder”, “阑尾appendix”, “气管trachea”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: Abdominal Pain Dialogue two: Common ColdPart three: medical reading: Digestive SystemThe digestive system is composed of the alimentary canal or digestive tract and digestive glands. The alimentary canal extends from the mouth to the anus as organs with varying thicknesses. It consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestines.[Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 鼻塞、头疼、胸透、厉害、胃镜、腹痛Key sentence patterns: V+一下、半个小时左右、头疼得厉害CHAPTER 4: CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the cardiovascular system, such as “myocardium”, “ventricle”, “aorta” etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the clinic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “二尖瓣mitral valve”, “三尖瓣tricuspid valve”, “毛细血管capillary”, “肺动脉干pulmonary trunk”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: Atrioventricular BlockDialogue two: Rheumatic Heart Disease Part three: medical reading: Cardiovascular SystemThe Cardiovascular System is composed of the heart and vessels. The heart is the dynamic center of the circulatory system. it contains the left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, right ventricle. The halves are separated by the atrial septum and the ventricular septum.[Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words:脉搏、心电监护、起搏器、超声科、肥大、扩张Key sentence patterns: 病人现在怎么样？那怎么办？CHAPTER 5: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the Endocrine System, such as “hypophysis”, “adenohypophysis”, “adrenal gland”，etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the endocrine clinic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “腺垂体adenohypophysis”, “胰岛素pancreas islet”, “糖尿病diabetes mellitus”, “加压素 antidiuretic hormone”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: Hyperthyroidism Dialogue two: Diabetes MellitusPart three: medical reading Endocrine SystemThe endocrine system is the body’s important regulatory system. the nervous system and endocrine system use each other for regulation. They work together to maintain normality. [Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 觉得、失眠、肿大、血糖、剂量、降低、升高Key sentence patterns: 是……有问题吗？不一定是…….也可能是……，我看(认为) ……CHAPTER 6: NERVOUS SYSTEM[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the nervous system, such as “telencephalon”, “cerebral infarction”, “pons”, etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the clinic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “脑皮质cerebral cortex”, “脊髓spinal cord”, “延髓medulla oblongata”, “椎体束pyramidal tract”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: Cerebral Infarction Dialogue two: Lumbar PuncturePart three: medical reading: Nervous System Nervous system is composed of brain, spinal cord, and distributing peripheral nerves which connect with brain or spinal cord. According to the different locations and functions, nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.[Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 偏瘫、造成、高血压、出血、红细胞、毫升、需要Key sentence patterns: 在……之间，别的地方都还好，CHAPTER 7: URINARY SYSTEM[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the urinary system, such as “kidney”, “renal hilum”, “urethra”, etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the urinary clinic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to urinary system, such as “肾盂renal pelvis”, “肾柱 renal column”, “膀胱bladder”, “肾皮质 kidney cortex”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: PyelonephritisDialogue two: SplanchnoscopyPart three: medical reading: Urinary systemThe organ of urinary system includes the kidney, ureter, bladder and the urethra. Among them, the kidney is the most important organ. The kidney is bean-line in shape, located in the posterior wall of the abdomen. There is introversion in the middle of the inner margin called the renal hilum. [Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 复发、舒服、碎石、治疗、导致、反复、结石、光滑、内窥镜Key sentence patterns: 和……一样；这次是……上次是……；我以前得过……CHAPTER 8: REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the reproductive system, such as “ovary”, “spermatic duct”, “spermatozoa”, etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the clinic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “宫颈cervix”, “卵子ovum”, “阴囊scrotum”, “前列腺prostate”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: Female Sterility Dialogue two: Male SterilityPart three: medical reading: reproductive systemThe reproductive system includes the male reproductive system and the female reproductive system. The male reproductive system is composed of the testicles. Spermatic ducts, the affiliated glands and exterior genitals. The female reproductive system is composed of the ovaries, the oviducts, the uterus and the exterior genitals.[Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 结婚、怀孕、阻塞、建议、结核、增生、腮腺炎Key sentence patterns: 有没有…….阻塞？……功能是不是正常？……有可能引起….CHAPTER 9: HISTOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the histology & embryology, such as “epithelial tissue”, “imbedded”, “fertilization”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the clinic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “胚层embryonic layers”, “分化differentiation”, “器官organ”, “羊膜囊 amniotic sac”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: Basic TissuesDialogue two: PregnancyPart three: medical reading: histology &embryology Histology and embryology are important courses of basic medicine. Histology is a fine structure study of cells, tissues and organs, as well as their relevant functions. The cell is the basic morphological structure and functional unit of the body. It’s composed of a cellular membrane, cytoplasm and a cellular nucleus.[Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 推迟、形成、雏形、胎儿、生命、单位、物质、基本Key sentence patterns: ……是有……组成的，……组成……CHAPTER 10: MEDICAL GENETICS[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the medical genetics, such as “albinism”, “color blindness”, etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the Genetic Clinic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to medical genetics, such as “基因gene”, “遗传inheritance”, “显性遗传dominant inheritance”, “纯合子homozygote”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: Albinism; Dialogue two: Color Blindness.Part three: medical reading: Medical GeneticsMedical genetics is a subject that combines genetics with medicine. The objective of medical genetics is to investigate a genetic cause to the diseases in the human body which are called genetic diseases. The disease is a result of the abnormality of genetic substances. The genetic substances include chromosomes and gene or DNA.[Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 怀疑，家族，后代，可能性，遗憾，携带者，百分之;Key sentence patterns: ……是……还是……？……由……组成；在……中CHAPTER 11: PHYSIOLOGY[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the Physiology, such as “conditioned reflex”, “hyperkalemia”, etc; grasp how to communicate to the patients in the ward as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to Physiology, such as “新陈代谢metabolism”, “反射reflex”, “静息电位resting potential”, “动作电位action potential”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: Conditioned Reflex; Dialogue two: Hyperkalemia.Part three: medical reading: PhysiologyPhysiology is the study of life involving the function of every part of the body. The goal of human physiology is to deal with activity of the cells, tissues and organs in each system of the human body. In short, physiology can kelp us to understand how respiration happens and why the heart works as well as many other mechanisms of life activities. if the unction of organs remains in the normal condition. They are regulated continuously. There are three kinds of regulation of functions and activities: nervous regulation, humoral regulation and auto regulation.[Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 考试、复习、感受、加快、体验、危险、心跳骤停、缩短、延长;Key sentence patterns: ……实际上……；……有可能导致……；……从……到……；完了，完了，……CHAPTER 12: RESPIRATION AND DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY [Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the Respiration and Digestive Physiology, such as “emphysema”, “duodenal ulcer”, etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the digestive diseases clinic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to Respiration and Digestive Physiology, such as “呼吸respiration”, “肺容积pulmonary”, “消化酶digestive enzyme”, “胆汁盐bile salts”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: Emphysema; Dialogue two: Duodenal Ulcer.Part three: medical reading: Respiration and Digestive PhysiologyRespiration means the exchange of gases between the outer environment and the body. The respiratory system is composed of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. Respiration is subdivided into three processes, namely external respiration, geseus transport and internal respiration. External respiration refers to pulmonary ventilation and the exchanges of gases in the lungs. The ventilation means the inflow wand out flow of air between the atmosphere and the lung alveoli. The exchange of gases in the lungs means the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries of the lunges. The alveoli provide a main place for the exchanges of gases in the lungs.[Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 过度、膨胀、锻炼、缩小、十二指肠溃疡、分泌、帮助、放心；Key sentence patterns: ……不好吗？没有……，……就……了；就是……被……给……了CHAPTER 13: BLOOD AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the Blood and Circulatory Physiology, such as “blood transfusion”, “shock”, etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the intensive care unit as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to Blood and Circulatory Physiology, such as “血浆渗透压plasma osmotic pressure”, “交叉配血试验cross-match test”, “血液凝固blood coagulation”, “中心静脉压central venous pressure”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: blood transfusion; Dialogue two: shock.Part three: medical reading: Blood and Circulatory PhysiologyBlood flows in the cardiovascular system; the function of circulation is to transport nutrients to the tissue and to transport waste products away. Blood has a role in the regulation of acid-base balance, maintenance of internal environment stabilization, and also functions in protection and prevention. It takes part in physiological clotting and homeostasis of the body, fighting against infection. The total volume of blood is 7-8% of the body’s weight. A large loss of blood may result in shock or even endanger. [Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 出血、止血、绝对、维持、促进、病危、加重、根据、调整;Key sentence patterns: 只能……，绝对不能……；……不仅……，还……，可以……；根据……CHAPTER 14: URINARY PHYSIOLOGY[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the Urinary Physiology, such as “glomerular nephritis”, “urinaemia”, etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the nephroologic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to Urinary Physiology, such as “肾单位nephron”, “原尿primary urea”, “多尿oliguresis”, “肾素renin”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: glomerular nephritis; Dialogue two: urinaemia.Part three: medical reading: Urinary PhysiologyKidney is the main organ of the urnary system. The principal function is to form and discharge urine. The kidney also serves multiple functions by regulating the process of urine formation: excretion of metabolic waste products and foreign chemicals, regulation of waste and electrolyte balance, regulation of body fluid osmolality and electrolyte concentrations, regulation of acid-bass balance and regulation of arterial pressure.[Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 儿科、细菌、水肿、胶囊、降压药、肾病科、晚期、肾透析;Key sentence patterns: 是不是……？可以……，不过……；……只能……，对……没作用CHAPTER 15: BIOCHEMISTRY[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the Biochemistry, such as “diet”, “hepatic encephalopathy”, etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the internal medicine ward and in the doctor’s office of the ward as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to Biochemistry, such as “淀粉starch”, “脂肪fat”, “必需氨基酸essential amino acids”, “微量元素trace elements”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: diet; Dialogue two: hepatic encephalopathy.Part three: medical reading: BiochemistryBiochemistry can be defined more formally as the science concerning the chemical basis of life. It mainly studies the molecular structure and function of the organism, the substance metabolism and regulation in the organism and the function of the organism in the life activities. The basic feature of life is metabolism and normal substance metabolism is essential to life. The substance metabolism includes anabolism and cata bolism. Most kinds of biochemical reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. The enzyme is a specific catalyst in all living things, which is indeed a kind of protein. In substance metabolism, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins are oxidized and released as free energy, which is called energy metabolism.[Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 饮食、控制、肥肉、内脏、糟糕、习惯、肝性脑病、肝硬化;Key sentence patterns: 看来……；……将……成……；……，如……CHAPTER 16: GENERAL INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL PARASITOLOGY [Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the medical parasitology, such as “commensalism”, “mutualism”, “immunologic injury” etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the clinic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to medical parasitology, such as “隐性感染inapparent infection”, “体外寄生虫ectoparasite”, “宿主host”, “多寄生现象multiparasitism”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: Parasitism; Dialogue two: The Epidemic Links and Features of Parasitoses.Part three: medical reading: General Introduction to Medical ParasitologyHuman parasitology or medical parasitology is a branch of science which studies the morph structures, ecological laws, correlations with the human body and external environment of parasites associates with the human body. It also looks for good ways to diagnose, prevent and treat parasitoses. Parasites associated with the human body include the following three types: protozoa like amoeba and plasmodium, helminthes like schistosome, cestode and nematode, and arthropods.[Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 受益，居住，场所，依靠，血汗钱，道理，环节，繁殖，缺乏;Key sentence patterns:好像……吧；把……称为；……，是真的吗？不同的……有不同的……CHAPTER 17: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY [Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the medical microbiology, such as “archaebacterium”, “acellular”, “rickettsia” etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the clinic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to medical microbiology, such as “正常菌群normal flora”, “原生生物protist”, “螺旋体spirochete”, “真细菌eubacterium”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: The Classification of Microorganisms; Dialogue two: Brief Development History of Microbiology.Part three: medical reading: Introduction to Medical MicroorganismsThe microorganism is a huge group of tiny widely spread in nature, which has a simple structure and is usually too small to be seen by naked eyes .The great variety of microorganisms are subdivided into the following three types according to their size, structure and composition[Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 发展，简史，阶段，发明，确立，创立，证明，应用，贡献;Key sentence patterns:……是……的总称；……就要……了，我们……吧？CHAPTER 18: INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL IMMUNOLOGY[Objectives]Grasp the medical words which relate to the medical immunology, such as “immunity”, “pathogen”, “acquired immunity” etc; Grasp how to communicate to the patients in the clinic as a doctor. [Contents]Part one: medical words which relate to medical immunology, such as “特异性免疫specific immunity”, “天然防御innate defense”, “先天遗传innate heredity”, “免疫接种inoculation”, etc. Part two: conversations New words; Dialogue one: Types and Functions of Immunity; Dialogue two: Inoculation.Part three: medical reading: Immunity and ImmunologyImmunity is a physiological defense mechanism to recognize and eliminate foreign antigens and to keep the stability and balance of our body. In most situations, it is advantageous to our body; whereas in some situations, it may damage our body. Immunology is a branch of science to investigate the composition, structure and physiological functions of the immune system. [Focal and difficult points] All medical words;New words: 类型，特点，生来，具有，获得，防止，异常，疾病，识别;Key sentence patterns:……又叫……；……能够……。REFERENCESChinese Paradise, Beijing Language and Culture University PressTHE SYLLABUS OF ONCOLOGYApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 18 hours to study this theory course. The study of theory consists of 18 hours and the study of clinic practice consists of 18 hours.Teaching Hour’s DistributionChapterContentsLecturesPracticsChapter 1Introduction 1Chapter 2Etiology of Cancer1Chapter 3Pathology of Neoplasm2Chapter 4Head and Neck Tumors1Chapter 5Breast Tumor1Chapter 6Chest Tumors 1Chapter 7Hepatobiliary Tumors1Chapter 8Gastric Cancer1Chapter 9Colorectal Cancer 1Chapter 10Gynecological Cancer1Chapter 11Oncological Imaging 1Chapter 12Radiotherapy1Chapter 13Radiation Oncology14Chapter 14Chemotherapy25Chapter 15Integrative Oncology15Chapter 16Biological Therapy for Cancer14Total1818CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION[Objectives]Know well the concept of carcinogenesis.Know well the principle of treatment. Describe the diagnostic methods of cancer.Describe the classification and anatomic staging of cancer. Understand the epidemiology of cancer.Understand the etiology of cancer.Understand the prognosis-related factors of cancer.[Contents]TheoryConcept of carcinogenesisEpidemiology of cancerEtiology of cancerDiagnostic methods for cancerClassification and anatomic staging of cancerPrinciples of treatmentPrognosis-related factors of cancerCHAPTER 2: ETIOLOGY OF CANCER[Objectives]Be acquainted with cancer incidence and mortality.Be acquainted with differences of cancer incidence and cancer prevalence.Master the significance of cancer registry.Know about the cancer distribution in gender and geography.Master epidemiological information of common cancers.Master risk factors associated with cancer and cancer prevention.Know about etiological factors of several common cancers.Understand the definition of cancer incidence and mortality.Distinguish between of cancer incidence and cancer prevalence.Know the worldwide cancer prevalence and gender and geographical distribution.Understand etiology and prevention of common malignant tumors.[Contents]TheoryGlobal problem of cancer Cancer registry and statisticsGender and geographic variability of cancerEpidemiological information of several common cancers Cancer risk factors and preventionCancer etiology by site-specific cancerCHAPTER 3: PATHOLOGY OF NEOPLASM[Objectives]Understand the concepts of definition, nomenclature and morphology of neoplasms.Have knowledge of atypical neoplasms and differentiation and anaplasia of neoplasms.Understand the growth and spread of neoplasms.Master the rules of grading and staging of tumors.Have knowledge of clinical features of neoplasms.Have an understanding of etiology, epidemiology and diagnosis of tumors.Know the common types of human tumors.Distinguish the benign tumors with the malignant tumors by the nomenclature.Differentiate the common benign and malignant tumors according to the gross appearance and microscope morphology of tumors.Give the proper histological grading of the malignant tumors.Use the TNM system giving the right staging of the malignant tumors.Master the general methods of pathologic diagnosis for the neoplasms.Have knowledge of the tumor markers.Judge the histological type of tumors.[Contents] TheoryDefinitions, nomenclature and morphologyAtypia, differentiation and anaplasia of neoplasmsGrowth and spread of neoplasmaGrading and staging of tumorsClinical features of neoplasmaEtiology, epidemiology and diagnosis of tumorsBrief introduction of common tumorsCHAPTER 4: HEAD AND NECK TUMORS[Objectives]Know well the general concept of thyroid cancer and its treatment principles.Have an understanding of squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck and the theory of chemotherapy.Understand the concept of the nasopharynx cancer and its clinical features. Understand the general concept of paranasal sinus cancer.Have knowledge of tumors of the salivary glands.Be acquainted with usual symptom of thyroid cancer and its diagnosis.Master the four main treatment methods for squamous cell carcinomas.Know about Radiotherapy for nasopharynx cancer.Master main detection and diagnosis of paranasal sinus cancer.Be acquainted with bimaual examination of salivary glands.[Contents]TheoryThyroid cancerSquamous cell carcinomas of the head and neckTumors of the nasopharynxParanasal sinus cancerTumors of the salivary glandsCHAPTER 5: Breast Tumor[Objectives]Describe the anatomy of breast.Choose tests, imaging, and diagnostic studies and procedures which are helpful in confirming the diagnosis and in guiding surgical decisions.Recognize associated histopathologic findings, classifications and staging.Discuss outcome, prognosis, future surgical improvements, and ongoing controversies. Diagnose a mass of breast by medical history, physical examination and auxiliary examination.Interpret the results of imaging exanimation and perform appropriate management.Know principles of operative surgery, including pre-operative, intra-operative and postoperative management. [Contents]Theory Anatomy of breastExamination of breastBenign breast tumorsBreast cancerOutcome and prognosisCHAPTER 6: CHEST TUMORS[Objectives]Know well the general concepts of non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC).Have an understanding of esophageal cancer and the principle of surgical treatment.Have knowledge in the concept of the mediastinal tumors.Have knowledge in the clinical characteristics of thymoma.Have knowledge in the radiochemotherapy for small cell lung cancer.Master usual symptom of lung cancer and its diagnosisBe acquainted with main treatment methods for non small cell lung cancerKnow about theory of radio-chemotherapy for SCLUnderstand diagnosis and main treatment of esophageal cancerUnderstand classifications of mediastinal tumors.[Contents]Theory Lung cancerEsophageal cancer (EC)Tumors of mediastinumCHAPTER 7: HEPATOBILIARY TUMORS[Objectives]Know about main steps of the development of hepatobiliary surgery.Understand liver anatomy.Know about benign liver tumors.Primary liver cancer (HCC)Be acquainted with metastasis liver cancerKnow about cholangiocarcinoma.Understand liver anatomy: the eight segments division and blood supply of the liver.Benign liver tumorsPrimary liver cancer (HCC)Be acquainted with metastasis liver cancer: the common metastasis cancer of liver.Know about cholangiocarcinoma: classification and diagnosis.[Contents]TheoryMain steps of the development of hepatobiliary surgeryLiver anatomyBenign liver tumorsPrimary liver cancer (HCC)Metastasis liver cancerCholangiocarcinomaCHAPTER 8: GASTRIC CANCER[Objectives]Describe epidemiology and etiology of gastric cancer.Describe prevention and early detection in gastric cancer.Define pathology of gastric cancer, both histological and gross type.Enumerate clinical features of gastric cancer.Describe diagnostic principles of gastric cancer.Define staging and assessment of gastric cancer: Dukes’s and TNM System.Describe treatment of gastric cancer.Define the prognostic factors of colorectal cancer.Diagnose gastric cancer.Plan various laboratory tests for patients and interpret the results.Provide primary treatment for a patient of gastric cancer.Acquire principles of operative surgery, including pre-operative, operative and post operative care and monitoring.[Contents]TheoryEpidemiology and etiologyPrevention and early detectionPathologyClinical presentation DiagnosisStaging and assessmentTreatmentPrognosisCHAPTER 9: COLORECTAL CANCER[Objectives]Describe epidemiology and etiology of colorectal cancer.Describe screening and prevention in colorectal cancer.Define histopathology classification of colorectal cancer.Define the diagnosis and staging of colorectal cancer: enumerate clinical features of colon cancer and rectal cancer.Describe treatment of colorectal cancer.Enumerate the content of surveillance. Diagnose colorectal cancer.Plan various tests for patients and interpret the results.Provide primary treatment for a patient of colorectal cancer.Acquire principles of operative surgery, including pre-operative, operative and post operative care and monitoring.[Contents]TheoryEpidemiology and etiologyScreening and preventionPathologyDiagnosis and staging Treatment SurveillanceCHAPTER 10: GYNECOLOGICAL CANCER[Objectives]Master basal knowledge about the most common gynecological cancer.Master basal skill about gynecological cancer. [Contents]TheoryCervical carcinomaEndometrial carcinomaOvarian cancerCHAPTER 11: ONCOLOGICAL IMAGING[Objectives]Master the imaging features of 3 types of primary lung carcinoma (central，peripheral and diffuse type).Be acquainted with the imaging features appearances of mediastinal tumors (thymoma and neurogenic neoplasm).Master the imaging features of HCC.Master the imaging features of breast carcinoma on mammogram and MRI.Be acquainted with clinical application of X-ray, CT and MRI.Master imaging features of pulmonary metastases.Master imaging features of hepatic hemangioma.Master features of breast fibroadenoma on mammogram and MRI.[Contents]TheoryGeneral principlesChest Liver and Pancreas BreastCHAPTER 12: RADIOTHERAPY[Objectives]Know about introduction of radiotherapy.Understand clinical radiobiology.Know about radiation physics. Understand clinical Radiobiology. Master goal of radiotherapy.Know about radiation physics. [Contents]Theory Principles of radiotherapy Clinical Radiobiology Radiation physics CHAPTER 13: RADIATION ONCOLOGY[Objectives]Lung cancerEsophageal carcinomaBreast cancerCervical carcinomaRadiotherapy for metastasis diseaseMaster the diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Master the indications and contra-indications of radiotherapy for each cancer.Know about technology of radiotherapy. Know about dose and field.Understand complications and treatment.[Contents]Theory Relative basic knowledgeStaging and treatment principle of radiotherapyTechnology of radiotherapy Complications and managementProgress of radiation oncologyPracticesImage diagnosisPhysical examinationSimulationContour for target volume and treatment planning systemLinear acceleratorCHAPTER 14: CHEMOTHERAPY[Objectives]Understand the principles of chemotherapy.Know well clinical trials.Master principles of chemotherapy. Understand purpose of chemotherapy.Master clinical trials.[Contents]Theory Goals of chemotherapyType of chemotherapyClassification of responseTrials for FDA Approval of New TherapiesPracticeRandomized clinical trial designEvaluation for tumor responseCHAPTER 15: INTEGRATIVE ONCOLOGY[Objectives]Understand general concept of integrative oncology.Understand why we need integrative oncology.Understand the basic principles of integrative prehend the difference and relationship between traditional therapy (surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and biotherapy) and integrative therapy.Understand when patients need integrative therapy. Comprehend how to integrate alternative medicine into western medicine in oncology.[Contents]Theory The concept of integrative oncology The history and the future of integrative oncologyThe standard of patients receiving integrative oncologyThe main mechanism of action of integrative therapyPracticeDiet / Nutrition / Nutritional supplementsMind-body therapies (including Qigong and Psychotherapy)CHAPTER 16: BIOLOGICAL THERAPY FOR CANCER[Objectives]Know well the general principles of biological therapy.Have an understanding of new approaches of biological therapy.Understand the concept of clinical application of biological therapy. Understand the new advances in biological therapy of cancer. Understand the practice of cytokine therapy.Understand the practice of cell therapy.Understand the practice of antibody therapy.Understand the practice of cancer vaccines.Understand the practice of gene therapy.[Contents]TheoryCytokine therapyCell transfer therapyMonoclonal antibody therapyCancer vaccinesGene therapyPracticeCollect peripheral blood stem cell by using CS3000 system.Do the cell culture and tissue culture.Observing the infusion of the cells. REFERENCESRobbin. Pathologic Basis of DiseasesHarsh Mohan. Text-Book of Pathology Rosai & Ackerman. Surgery PathologyWalter and Israel’s General PathologyHans-Olov, David Hunter, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Textbook of Cancer EpidemiologyT. W. Shields, Thoracic Oncology F.W. Sellke, Surgery of the Chest L. H. Blumgart ＆ Y. Fong. Surgery of the Liver and Biliary Tract Clinical Oncology, 3rd EditionACS Surgery Principles And Practice – ACS (American College of Surgeons)The M.D. Anderson, Surgical Oncology Handbook, 3rd EditionSabiston, Textbook of Surgery, 17th EditionDisaia Creasman, Clinical Gyneclogical OncologySteven Rosenberg, Cell Transfer Therapy Steven Rosenberg, Principles and Practice of Biologic Therapy of Cancer Carlos A. Perez, Luther W. Brady, Principles and Practice of Radiation Oncology, 3rd EditionCancer Principles & Practice of Oncology, 6th EditionNCCN Guideline, Version 2006REHABILITATION MEDICINEApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class hours: It takes 15 hours to study this course. Course Introduction:In pace with the change and development of the concept of health and the mode of medicine，rehabilitation medicine has been included in a comprehensive approach to medicine. Modern medicine should not only treat the disease and save life, but also devote attention to the living quality of the sufferers. Rehabilitation medicine, which focuses on the treatment of the disability, has now become part of the frontier of modern medicine and it has turned into a basic course for study.Objectives The students should learn and master the concepts of rehabilitation, organization of rehabilitation and its services, the essential knowledge of the rehabilitation assessment and treatment, the rehabilitation of patients with familiar diseases or disability.Teaching Hours DistributionChapterContentsTeaching HoursChapter 1Conspectus2Chapter 2Evaluation6Chapter 3Treatment Techniques6Chapter 4Rehabilitation of Patient with Trauma or Disease4Total18CHAPTER 1: OUTLINE OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE[Objectives] Understand the category, history & development of rehabilitationMaster the concepts of rehabilitation & rehabilitation medicineMaster the content & general principles of rehabilitationBe familiar with the rehabilitation teamUnderstand the curative effect of rehabilitationBe familiar with the relation between rehabilitation medicine and clinical specialty[Contents]Disability The development of rehabilitation medicine is inevitableDefinition of rehabilitationDefinition of rehabilitation medicineGeneral principles of rehabilitation medicineThe content of rehabilitation medicineThe rehabilitation teamThe curative effect of rehabilitationThe relation between rehabilitation medicine and clinical specialty CHAPTER 2: EVALUATION[Objectives]Understand the significance of evaluationBe familiar with the content and general principles of rehabilitation evaluationMaster the muscle testing, testing the range of motion, evaluation of gait, evaluation of the activities of daily living, evaluation of pain[Contents]What is the evaluation The content and general principles of rehabilitation evaluationMuscle testingTesting the range of joint movementEvaluation of gaitEvaluation of the activities of daily livingEvaluation of painCHAPTER 3: TREATMENT TECHNIQUES3.1 PHYSICAL AGENT TREATMENT[Objectives]Master the definition of physical agent treatmentGet familiar with the principles of physical agent treatmentMaster the clinical application and effect of physical agent treatmentUnderstand the treatment techniques[Contents]Definition of physical agent treatmentThe effect mode of physical agent treatment to the human body The rule of physical stimulation and its responseElectrotherapy Light therapyUltrasound therapyMagnetotherapy Hydrotherapy Biofeedback therapyConductive heat therapy etc. 3.2 KINESIOTHERAPY[Objectives]Master the definition of kinesiotherapyBe familiar with the content, characteristic, effect and principles of kinesiotherapy Master the theory of kinesiotherapyBe familiar with the main treatment techniques[Contents]Definition of kinesiotherapyThe content of kinesiotherapyThe characteristic of kinesiotherapyThe effect of kinesiotherapyTherapeutic exercise for muscle strengthTherapeutic exercise for range of motion etc.3.3 OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY[Objectives]Master the definition of occupational therapyBe familiar with the sort and effect of occupational therapyUnderstand the relation between occupational therapy and rehabilitation therapy[Contents]The definition of occupational therapyThe content and characteristic of occupational therapyThe effect of occupational therapyThe principles and main method of occupational therapy 3.4 SPEECH THERAPY[Objectives]Master the definition and relationship of speech disorder Be familiar with the main method and principles of speech therapy[Contents]The definition of speech therapy The basic mode of speech and its obstacleDysphasia, assessment and treatmentDysarthria, assessment and treatment Apraxia of speech, assessment and treatment3.5 PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY[Objectives]Master the definition of psychological therapy and its importanceBe familiar with the main method of examination & treatment in psychological therapy[Contents]The Definition of psychological therapyPsychologic examinationPsychological treatment3.6 REHABILITATION ENGINEERING[Objectives]Understand the general picture of rehabilitation engineeringBe familiar with the concept of artificial limb, sort and principles of clinical applicationBe familiar with the concept of orthosis, effect and principles of clinical applicationBe familiar with the walking aids, wheelchair, self-help devices, principles of housing, etc[Contents]The definition of rehabilitation engineeringContent, assignment, object, relationship with clinicArtificial limb, the clinical applicationOrthosis, the clinical applicationThe clinical application of walking aids, wheelchair, self-help devices etc.Principles of barrier free accessibilitiesCHAPTER 4: REHABILITATION OF PATIENT WITH TRAUMA OR DISEASE4.1 STROKE[Objectives]Understand the definition of stroke, epidemiologyMaster the process of hemiplegia rehabilitation, Brunnstrom’s assessmentMaster the objective of stroke rehabilitation & the principles of treatmentBe familiar with the movement treatment techniquesUnderstand the troke prevent and prognosis of stroke [Contents]The definition , cause, pathology and epidemiology of StrokeThe recovery process of hemiplegyThe function assessment for Brunnstrom hemiplegyThe aim, mechanism and exercise principle of rehabilitation of strokeThe treatment for different terms of stroke The prevention and prognosis of stroke4.2 SPINAL CORD INJURY[Objectives]Understand the definition and introduction of spinal cord injuryUnderstand the evaluation of spinal cord injuryUnderstand the treatment for spinal cord injury[Contents]The definition and epidemiology of spinal cord injuryEvaluation of spinal cord injuryThe comparison of features of different paralysisThe treatment for spinal cord injury4.3 ORTHOPEDIC PROBLEMS[Objectives]Understand the basic knowledge of biomechanics Understand the which kind of patient needs rehabilitation Master the rehabilitation of patient with amputationMaster the rehabilitation of patient with arthritisMaster the rehabilitation of patient with back painMaster the rehabilitation of patient with shoulder painMaster the treatment of tissue injury[Contents]Main problem of orthopedics and epidemiologyThe effect of rehabilitation Rehabilitation of patient with amputationRehabilitation of patient with arthritisRehabilitation of patient with back painRehabilitation of patient with shoulder painTreatment of tissue injury4.4 REHABILITATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE[Objectives]Understand the assessment and method Be familiar with the mechanism of kinesiotherapyMaster the principle of prescriptionBe familiar with the principle of treatment in cardiac disease rehabilitation[Contents]The survey of cardiac rehabilitationThe assessment, method and target of cardiac rehabilitationThe mechanism of treatment of cardiac rehabilitationThe indication and contraindication of cardiac rehabilitationThe treatment method and principle for cardiac rehabilitation during the different phases of cardiac diseaseThe formulation and content of kinetic prescriptionREFERENCESTextbook of Rehabilitation Medicine, Michael P. Barnes and Anthony B. Ward, 2000, Oxford Medical PublicationsEssentials?of?Physical?Medicine?&?Rehabilitation, Essen?Frontera?WR,?Silver?JK. Philadelphia,?Hanley?&?Belfus;?2001;?1—836Physical?Medicine?&?Rehabilitation:?Principles?&?Practice, De Lisa?JA.?Philadelphia,?Lippincott?Williams?&Wilkins;?4thEdition, October?30,?2004; -2100Physical?Medicine?&?Rehabilitation, 2nd, 1-1435,?2000, Braddom?RL,?Buschbacher? RM. Philadelphia, SaundersHandbook?of?Physical?Medicine?&?Rehabilitation, Braddom?RL.?Philadelphia, Saunders;?2004;?1-960The Syllabus of Clinical PharmacologyⅠ. Applicable students: For oversea undergraduate medical students Ⅱ. Class Hours: 18 hours. Ⅲ. Course Introduction: Clinical pharmacology is the science of studying the effect of drugs on living organisms. Scientific study of the interactions between drugs and the body. Clinical pharmacology mainly includes clinical pharmacokinetics, clinical pharmacodynamics, toxicology and clinical trial. In Clinical pharmacology we study special populations medication, drugs affecting cardiovascular system and drugs affecting central nervous system. Ⅳ. The Basic Objectives In clinical pharmacology, we aim to master the conceptions of clinical pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, toxicology and drug interaction; Master the clinical trial and understand the process of drug development; Master how to use the drugs in some neonatal common diseases; Master drug’s usage and dosage in elderly patient; Master medication principle, usage and dosage in pregnancy and lactation patient; Master how to use the drugs in hypertension, DM, TIA, brain strock and cerebral hemorrhage.Ⅴ. The main teaching contentNumberChapterTeaching Hours1Chapter 1 Introduction to general clinical Pharmacology12Chapter 2 Clinical Pharmacokinetics1.53Chapter 3 Clinical Pharmacodynamics1.54Chapter 4 Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)15Chapter 5 Newborn babies and children's drugs16Chapter 6 The elderly medication17Chapter 7 The Pregnancy and lactation medication 18Chapter 8 The Chronopharmacology19Chapter 9 Anti-hypertensive Drugs310Chapter 10 Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs311Chapter 11 Drugs affecting on central nervous system3Chapter 1 Introduction to general clinical Pharmacology 1. Teaching Basic RequirementsIntroduction: Clinical pharmacology: 1. General principles; 2. Special populations medication; 3. Drugs affecting CVS; 4. Drugs affecting CNS; 5. Endocrine drugs 1) Master the conceptions: pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology; pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; Toxicology and Drug interaction. 2) Master the meaning of SDA and FDA; OTC and POM3) Understand the drug classification drug nomenclature4) Understand the significance of Clinical pharmacology as a medical course.5) Master the clinical trial and understand the process of drug development 2. Important Knowledge Some concepts: clinical pharmacology, SDA and FDA; OTC and POM.3. Difficult KnowledgeThe clinical trial and the process of drug development4. Teaching Hours: 1Chapter 2 Clinical Pharmacokinetics1. Teaching Basic Requirements1) Review the knowledge of pharmacokinetics2) Review and master the patterns of transmembrane transport of a drug, features of protein-bound drugs, characteristics of first-order kinetics and zero-order kinetics of drug elimination, blood drug concentration changs induced by multiple dosing; 3) Review and master the process of drug in body: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME); 4) Review and master some fundamental parameters and concepts of pharmacokinetics: first pass effect(first pass elimination), blood-brain barrier (BBB), peak time (Tmax) and peak concentration (Cmax), apparent volume of distribution (Vd), elimination rate constant (k), plasma half-life (t1/2), area under the curve (AUC), bioavailability (F), Clearance (CL);5) Understand physiological disposition of a drug and their influential factors: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME); 2. Important Knowledge 1) Some fundamental parameters and concepts of pharmacokinetics.2) Drug administration method. 3) The conception of First Pass Elimination3. Difficult Knowledge1) Influential factors on drug transmembrane transport. 2) The basic parameters of pharmacokinetics and kinetics of drug elimination4. Teaching Hours: 1.5Chapter 3 Clinical Pharmacodynamics1. Teaching Basic Requirements1) Review the knowledge of pharmacodynamics. 2) Review and master the different adverse drug reactions: side effects; toxic effects; allergic reaction idiosyncratic reactions; secondary reaction; drug tolerance; dependence (Physical / physiologic dependence, Psychological dependence);3) Review and master the definition of Pharmacological effects and drug action; 4) Review and master some fundamental conceptions of pharmacodynamics: threshold dose (TD), maximal effect (Emax , efficacy), EC50 (ED50), potency, median effective dose(ED50), median lethal dose (LD50), median toxic dose (TD50), therapeutic index(TI), safety margin (SM), intrinsic activity (),(full) agonist, partial agonist , antagonist;5) Review and understand dose-effect relationship of drug and curve, graded or quantitative response, all-or-none (qualitative) response, mechanisms of drug action;6) Review and understand receptor theory, classification of receptors, effects of competitive and noncompetitive antagonists on dose-response curve of an agonist.2. Important Knowledge1) Different adverse reactions: side effects; toxic effects; allergic reaction idiosyncratic reactions; secondary reaction; drug tolerance; dependence2) Fundamental conceptions of pharmacodynamics3. Difficult Knowledge Receptor theory and pertinent conceptions4. Teaching Hours: 1.5Chapter 4 Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)1. Teaching Basic Requirements1) Master concepts: Tolerance, Dependence, Withdrawal syndrome;2) Master concepts of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and Clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring (CPM)3) Understand individual factors and drug’ factors that affect drug’s effectiveness.4) Understand the reason and which kinds of drugs need to therapeutic monitoring2. Important Knowledge Tolerance, Dependence, Withdrawal syndrome3. Difficult Knowledge1) Effects of psychological factor on drug’s effectiveness. 2) The reason and which kinds of drugs need to therapeutic monitoring. 4. Teaching Hours: 1 Chapter 5 Newborn babies and children's drugs 1. Teaching Basic Requirements1) Master concepts: Neonatal period, hyperbilirubinemia2) Understand the different period of children: Neonatal period, Infancy, Toddler’s age, Preschool age, School age and adolescence3) Master neonatal medicine: influential factors: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME); 4) Master how to use the drugs in some neonatal common diseases: neonatal asphyxia, neonatal convulsion, Septicemia of newborn, neonatal jaundice and hemolytic disease (hyperbilirubinemia). 5) Master infancy medicine: drug’s usage and dosage. 2. Important Knowledge 1) Neonatal medicine2) Infancy medicine3. Difficult Knowledge1) How to use the drugs in some neonatal common diseases: neonatal asphyxia, neonatal convulsion, Septicemia of newborn, neonatal jaundice and hemolytic disease (hyperbilirubinemia)2) The drug’s usage and dosage in newborn and infancy. 4. Teaching Hours: 1 Chapter 6 The elderly medication 1. Teaching Basic Requirements1) Master concepts: Population aging countries2) Understand the different period of elderly patient: Aged, Oldest old, Longevity aged and Centenarian adolescence3) Master elderly patient medicine: influential factors: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME); 4) Master medication principle in elderly patient 5) Master drug’s usage and dosage in elderly patient. 2. Important Knowledge 1) Medication principle in elderly patient.2) Drug’s usage and dosage in elderly patient. 3. Difficult Knowledge1) The drug’s usage and dosage in elderly patient. 4. Teaching Hours: 1 Chapter 7 The Pregnancy and lactation medication 1. Teaching Basic Requirements1) Understand the different period of pregnancy patient: Early pregnancy, midtrimester of pregnancy and late pregnancy 2) Master influential factors: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME); 4) Master in pregnancy patient 5) Master drug’s usage and dosage in pregnancy patient. 6) Master lactation medicine. 7) Master medication principle, usage and dosage in lactation patient. 2. Important Knowledge 1) Medication principle in pregnancy patient.2) Medication principle in lactation patient.3. Difficult Knowledge1) The drug’s usage and dosage in pregnancy and lactation patient. 4. Teaching Hours: 1 Chapter 8 The Chronopharmacology1. Teaching Basic Requirements1) Understand the conception of chrono-pharmacodynamics and chrono-pharmacokinetics. 2) Understand the meaning of biological rhythm and daily rhythmicity 3) Understand chronopharmacology medicine: influential factors: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME); 4) Master the chronotherapy: adrenocortical hormone, insulin and antitumor drugs. 5) Master some common disease’s chronopharmacology medicine and chronotherapy: hypertension, asthma and angina pectoris 2. Important Knowledge 1) Chronotherapy 2) Some common disease’s chronopharmacology medicine and chronotherapy 3. Difficult Knowledge1) The influential factors of chronopharmacology medicine: 2) The drug’s usage and dosage in chronotherapy. 4. Teaching Hours: 1 Chapter 9 Anti-hypertensive Drugs1. Teaching Basic Requirements1) Master the classification of anti-hypertensive drugs. 2) Master pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse reactions of RAS;3) Understand the mechanisms for normal blood pressure regulation including an understanding of major determinants of blood pressure;4) Master the pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse reactions of antihypertensive agents. 5) Know the features of first line anti-hypertensive drugs. 6) Master the usage and dosage of Thiazides, Metoprolol, Bisoprolol, Nifedipine, Nimodipine, Amlodipine. 7) Understand the therapeutic principle of hypertension. 8) Understand the symptoms, the complications and the differential diagnosis of hypertension.9) Master the usage and dosage of RAS: Enalapril, Losartan, irbesartan, valsartan. 2. Important Knowledge 1) The classification of anti-hypertensive drugs. 2) The pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse reactions of RAS. 3) The usage and dosage of Thiazides, Metoprolol, Bisoprolol, Nifedipine, Nimodipine, Amlodipine.4) The usage and dosage of RAS: Enalapril, Losartan, irbesartan, valsartan. 3. Difficult Knowledge1) The symptoms, the complications and the differential diagnosis of hypertension.2) The usage and dosage of Thiazides, Metoprolol, Bisoprolol, Nifedipine, Nimodipine, Amlodipine.3) The usage and dosage of RAS: Enalapril, Losartan, irbesartan, valsartan.4. Teaching Hours: 3 Chapter 10 Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs1. Teaching Basic Requirements1) Understand some Diabetes Mellitus cases, understand the types of DM. 2) Understand the diagnosis basis and therapeutic principle of DM. 3) Understand the symptoms, the complications and the differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. 4) Master the pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse reactions of insulin;5) Master the major drug groups for the treatment of DM;6) Master the pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse reactions of oral hypoglycemic agents.7) Understand the mechanism of insulin.8) Master the usage and dosage of Metformin, Glucophage, Thiazolidinediones and Acarbose. 2. Important Knowledge 1) The pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse reactions of insulin;2) The classification of oral hypoglycemic agents;3) The usage and dosage of Metformin, Glucophage, Thiazolidinediones and Acarbose. 3. Difficult Knowledge1) Insulin’s mechanism. 2) The usage and dosage of Metformin, Glucophage, Thiazolidinediones and Acarbose.3) The symptoms, the complications and the differential diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. 4) The diagnosis basis and therapeutic principle of DM. 4. Teaching Hours: 3 Chapter 11 Drugs affecting on central nervous system1. Teaching Basic Requirements1) Understand the conception of transient ischemic attack (TIA), the diagnosis basis, the symptoms and therapeutic principle. 2) Master the drug’s usage and dosage in treatment of TIA. 3) Understand the conception of brain stroke, the diagnosis basis, the symptoms and therapeutic principle. 4) Master the drug’s usage and dosage in treatment of brain stroke. 5) Understand the conception of cerebral hemorrhage, the diagnosis basis, the symptoms and therapeutic principle. 6) Master the drug’s usage and dosage in treatment of cerebral hemorrhage. 7) Understand the conception of ischemia, thrombosis and embolism. 8) Master the pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse reactions of aspirin. 9) Master the pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse reactions of anticoagulators: heparin and warfarin. 10) Master the drug’s usage and dosage: aspirin, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, heparin and warfarin, recombinant t-PA, mannitol. 2. Important Knowledge 1) The pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse reactions of aspirin;2) The treatment therapeutic principle of TIA. 3) The usage and dosage of aspirin, ticlopidine, clopidogrel, heparin and warfarin, recombinant t-PA, Mannitol. 4) The pharmacological effects, clinical uses, adverse reactions of heparin and warfarin. 3. Difficult Knowledge1) The conception of transient ischemic attack (TIA), the diagnosis basis, the symptoms and therapeutic principle. 2) The drug’s usage and dosage in treatment of TIA. 3) The conception of brain stroke, the diagnosis basis, the symptoms and therapeutic principle. 4) The drug’s usage and dosage in treatment of brain stroke. 5) The conception of cerebral hemorrhage, the diagnosis basis, the symptoms and therapeutic principle. 6) The drug’s usage and dosage in treatment of cerebral hemorrhage. 7) The conception of ischemia, thrombosis and embolism. 4. Teaching Hours: 3 BASIC NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPYCourse introduction：Nutrition concerns the food people eat and how their bodies use it. Nutritional science comprises the body of scientific knowledge governing humans’ food requirements for maintenance, growth, activity, reproduction, and lactation. Dietetics is the health profession responsible for applying nutritional science to promote human health and treat disease.The basic objectives: At the end of the tern the studens will be able to understand the significance of the nutrition, evaluate the nutrition requirement of different diseases and produce a scheme for the nutrition requirement .Applicable students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class hours: It takes 36 hours to study this course. Teaching Hours Distribution ChapterContentsTeaching HoursChapter 1Introduction, Carbohydrates & Fats4Chapter 2Proteins & Energy Balance4Chapter 3Minerals4Chapter 4Vitamins4Chapter 5Nutrition Throughout the Life Cycle4Chapter 6Community Nutrition4Chapter 7Clinical Nutrition4Chapter 8Clinical Nutrition4Chapter 9Clinical experiment4Total36CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NUTRITIONAL SCIENCE[Objectives] Knowledge At the end of the course the student will be able to: Understand that good food and key nutrients are essential to life and health. Explain the definition and function of the DRIs.Define a balanced diet.Analyze personal dietary intake and compare it to the guidelines and standards.Identify the physical and chemical properties that characterize six categories of nutrients: Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water.Explain how the functions of various nutrients are related to health, including the health consequences of deficient or excessive intake.Distinguish between simple and complex carbohydrates in form and function and the health effects associated with carbohydrate intake including fiber and sugar intake.Differentiate between members of the lipid family--triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols--in form and function and the health effects associated with lipid intake, especially triglyceride and cholesterol intake.Describe protein form and function, identify essential amino acids, and explain the health effects of protein intake, including Protein Energy Malnutrition.Describe food sources of various nutrients.Understand the concepts of energy balance.Describe how the body uses nutrients for storage and energy.Explain the differences between water- and fat-soluble vitamins, including how each one functions in the body, the deficiency/toxicity symptoms, and major food sources.State which vitamins have antioxidant effects and what those effects are?Explain the differences between major and minor minerals, including how each one functions in the body, the deficiency/toxicity symptoms, and major food sources.[Contents] TheoryIntroduction of nutritionDefinition of Nutrition, Nutrients and DieteticsNutrients and their function in foodImportance of a Balanced Diet and good nutritionDietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)Food Guides and RecommendationsCarbohydrates Simple and complex carbohydratesFunctions of carbohydratesFibers: Definition, types, sources, action in the body Digestion and absorption Food sources of carbohydratesBody needs for carbohydrates and dietary reference intakeFatsChemical structure and classification Fatty acids: Types according to length of carbon chain, degree of unsaturation, nomenclature (systemic and omega), stability.Functions of fatsEssential fatty acids: function and food sourcesDigestion, absorption and transportFood sources of fatsBody needs for fat and dietary reference intakeProteinsChemical structure and classification Amino acids & proteins Role of proteins in bodyComplementary effects of proteinDigestion and absorption of proteins Measures of protein quality Food sources of proteinBody needs for protein and dietary reference intakeProtein-energy malnutrition: Marasmus & kwashiorkorEnergy Human energy systemEnergy balanceEnergy in: The energy the food provides and body storedEnergy out: The energy the body spends on Basal energy expenditure (BEE) / Resting energy expenditure (REE), Activity and Thermic effect of food, etc.Recommendations for dietary energy intakeThe VitaminsAn overview: discovery, definition, classification and functions of vitaminsFat-soluble vitamins: The role, metabolism and absorption, deficiencies, toxicities and food sources and requirements of the fat-soluble vitamins including Vitamin A and Beta-Carotene, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and Vitamin K.Water-soluble vitamins: The role, metabolism and absorption, deficiencies, toxicities and food sources and requirements of the B vitamins (Thiamin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12) and vitamin C.The mineralsAn overview: definition, classification and functions of mineralsThe major minerals: Calcium will be discussed regarding their roles in the body, influence on absorption, deficiency, food sources and dietary requirements.The Trace Minerals: The following minerals will be discussed regarding their roles in the body, absorption and metabolisms, deficiency, toxicity, food sources and dietary requirements, where applies Iron, Zinc, Iodine, Selenium.CHAPTER 2: NUTRITION THROUGHOUT THE LIFE CYCLE[Objectives] KnowledgeDescribe how nutrition choices impact the life cycle before and during pregnancy, during lactation and infancy, during childhood and adolescence, and through adulthood and aging. Discuss the scientific rationale for defining nutritional requirements during the lifecycle.Understand the importance of breastfeeding.[Contents]TheoryNutritional demands of pregnancy and daily food planGeneral concerns for pregnancyFunctional gastrointestinal problemsComplications of pregnancyNutritional needs for lactationAdvantages of breastfeedingNutritional requirements for growth and developmentCommon nutritional problems during the growthNutrition for adults: self-studyCHAPTER 3: COMMUNITY NUTRITION AND HEALTH CARE[Objectives] KnowledgeOutline the cultural food patterns around world.Explain how cultural, social, and psychological factors affect food choices and consumption.Recognize the relationship between physical fitness, health, and nutrition.State the benefits associated with physical activity, and the fuels that are necessary for physical performance and daily activity.Understand the use of proper nutrition in maximizing human performance and longevity and improving nutritional well-being of populations.Evaluate nutrition information and product claims as a wise consumer.[Contents]TheoryCultural development of food habitsAsian food patternsMediterranean food patternSocial, psychological, and economic influences on food habitsPhysical activity recommendations and benefitsDietary needs during exerciseCHAPTER 4: CLINICAL NUTRIOTION[Objectives] KnowledgeAcquire basic knowledge of the nutritional care process. Describe the measurements and evaluation for nutritional status. Explain the relationship between nutrition and certain chronic diseases.Present current evidence for the role of key nutrients in the prevention of chronic diseases. Provide the rationale and knowledge of several regimens of medical nutrition therapy for the prevention and treatment of common diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes and gastric reflux, renal disease, cancer and AIDS through dietary interventions. Discuss feasible nutrition plans that meet present standards for adult human nutritional health and the prevention of chronic disease.[Contents]TheoryThe nutritional care process Collecting and analyzing nutrition informationPlanning and implementing nutritional care: basic principles and mode of feedingGastrointestinal and accessory organ problemsPeptic ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum: causes and dietary managementCystic fibrosis: disease process and nutrition managementIrritable bowel syndrome: disease process and nutrition managementLiver disease: disease process and nutrition managementCoronary heart disease and hypertensionCoronary heart disease:Disease processMetabolism featuresRisk factorsDietary recommendationEssential hypertension:Disease processPrinciples of nutrition therapyDiabetes mellitusThe nature of diabetesMetabolism and regulation of blood glucose General managementDiet therapy and glycemic index of foods Renal diseaseNephron disease: disease process and nutrition therapyRenal failure: disease process and nutrition therapyKidney stones: disease process and nutrition therapySurgery and nutritional supportNutritional needs of general surgery patientsGeneral dietary managementNutritional needs for patients with burnsNutritional support in cancer and AIDSCancerProcess of cancer developmentNutritional support for cancer treatmentPreventionAIDSProcess of AIDSNutrition management in the HIV/AIDS patientCHAPTER 5: CLINICAL EXPERIMENT [Objectives] Knowledge1. Outline the classification of enteral nutrition products.2. Understand the use of enteral nutrition products.3. Explain the scheme of?confecting solution.4. Visit the enteral nutrition preparation room [Contents]Theory1. Enteral Nutrition Powder(AA) Enteral Nutrition Powder(TP) Disease-dpecific Enteral Nutrition agentHigh Energy Enteral Nutrition Polymeric Diet2. Clinical diagnosis and therapy , biochemical?tests , age , Height & weight3.The scheme of?confecting solution :quantity , sequence , methodTHE SYLLABUS OF CLINICAL COMMUNICATING SKILLS Applicable Students:Five-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours:It takes 20 hours to study this course. Course Introduction:“Medicine is an art whose magic and creative ability have long been recognized as residing in the interpersonal aspects of patient-physician relationship”. Clinical communication skills encompass a series of skills that facilitate the communication between doctor and patient. In today’s era there is an increased demand of time, information by patients for answering their questions related to the disease, investigations and treatment options. The patients expect the doctor to be polite, empathetic and to possess a human touch. Highly trained medical students will become better communicators with nurses, doctors and specialists who are part of the patient’s health care team. The Basic ObjectivesThis course is designed to introduce types of communication skillsand the disease–illness model to the students, especially appropriate non-verbal behaviour. Underlying goals and principles of communication that helped in choosing the skills and an alternative template for the content of the information-gathering section of the interviewconstitute the important partsof the course.These techniques are using a micro-skills approachin clinincal works.?Also the studentsare able to break bad news,communicate with patients suffer from mental illness andmedically unexplainsymptoms at the end of the course.The purpose of this course is to help students establish with the patient a mutually agreed agenda or plan for the consultation,help the patient to understand and be overtly involved in where the interview is going and why and establishtrust between doctor and patient.TeachingHours DistributionChapterContentsTeaching HoursChapter 1Defining what to teach and learn: an overview of the communication skills curriculum2Chapter 2Initiating the session2Chapter 3Gathering information3Chapter 4Providing structure to the interview3Chapter 5Building the relationship3Chapter 6Explanation and planning3Chapter 7Closing the session2Chapter 8Relating specific issues to core communication skills2Total20THEORETICAL PART (20 HOURS)CHAPTER 1: Defining what to teach and learn: an overview of the communication skills curriculum[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will able to:Provide explanations and plans that relate to the patient’s perspective.Give comprehensive and appropriate informationto assess each individual patient’s information.Discover the patient’s thoughts and feelings about the information given.Demonstrate appropriate non-verbal behaviour.[Contents]Types of communication skills and how they interrelate.The problem of separating content and process skills in teaching and learning about the medical interview.An overall curriculum of doctor–patient communication skills.The need for a clear overall structure.Choosing the process skills to include in the communication curriculum.The research and theoretical basis that validates the inclusion of each individual skill.Underlying goals and principles of communication that helped in choosing the skills.Skills and individuality.Relating specific issues to core communication skills.CHAPTER 2: Initiating the session[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will able to:Establish a supportive environment and initial rapport.Develope an awareness of the patient’s emotional state.Identify as far as possible all of the problems or issues that the patient has come to discuss.Establish with the patient a mutually agreed agenda or plan for the consultation.Develope a partnership with the patient, enabling the patient to become part of a collaborative process.[Contents]Problems in communication.Skills.‘What’ to teach and learn about the initiation: the evidence for the skills.Preparation.Establishing initial rapport.Identifying the reason(s) for the consultation.CHAPTER 3: Gathering information[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will able to:Explore the patient’s problems to discover the biomedical perspective, the patient’s perspective and the background information.Demonstrate ensuring that patients feel listened to, that their information and views are welcomed and valued (confirmation).Effectively structure the consultation to ensure efficient information gathering and to enable the patient to understand and be overtly involved in where the interview is going and why. [Contents]Problems in communication.The content of information gathering in medical interviews.The traditional medical history.The disease–illness model.An alternative template for the content of the information-gathering section of the interview.The process skills of information gathering.Exploration of the patient’s problems.Additional skills for understanding the patient’s perspective.Putting the process skills of information gathering together.The complete versus the focused history in information gathering.The effect of clinical reasoning on the process of information gathering.CHAPTER 4: Providing structure to the interview[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will able to:Enable a flexible but ordered interview Define and recognise resilience.Helpthe patient to understand and be overtly involved in where the interview is going and why.Encourage the patient to be part of the structuring process. Encourage patient participation and collaboration.Enable accurate information gathering and giving.[Contents]Skills.‘What’ to teach and learn about providing structure: the evidence for the skills.Making organisation overt.Attending to flow.CHAPTER 5: Building the relationship[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will able to:Develope rapport to enable the patient to feel understood, valued and supported Define and recognise addiction.Establishtrust between doctor and patient, laying down the foundation for a therapeutic relationship .Encourage an environment that maximises accurate and efficient initiation, information gathering and explanation and planning.Enable supportive counselling as an end in itself.Develope and maintaining a continuing relationship over time.Involve the patient so that he understands and is comfortable with participating fully in the process of the consultation.Reduce potential conflict between doctor and patient.Increase both the physician’s and the patient’s satisfaction with the consultation.[Contents]Skills. ‘What’ to teach and learn about building the relationship: the evidence for the skills. Using appropriate non-verbal communication.Developing rapport.Involving the patient.CHAPTER 6: Explanation and planning[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will able to:Gauge the correct amount and type of information to give to each individual patientProvide explanations that the patient can remember and understandRecognise stages of grief.Provide explanations that relate to the patient’s perspective.Use an interactive approach to ensure a shared understanding of the problem with the patient.IInvolve the patient and planning collaboratively to the level that the patient wishes, so as to increase the patient’s commitment and adherence to plans made.Continue to build a relationship and provide a supportive environment.[Contents]The content of explanation and planning.The process skills of explanation and planning.Providing the correct amount and type of information.Aiding accurate recall and understanding.Achieving a shared understanding – incorporating the patient’s perspective.Planning – shared decision making.Options in explanation and planning.CHAPTER 7: Closing the session[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will able to:Confirm the established plan of care.Clarify the next steps for both doctor and patient Participate in role play of health care professionals.Establish contingency plans.Maximise patient adherence and health outcomes.Make efficient use of time in the consultation.Continue to encourage the patient to feel part of a collaborative process and to build the doctor–patient relationship for the future.[Contents]The process skills for closing the session.‘What’ to teach and learn about endings: the evidence for the skills.CHAPTER 8: Relating specific issues to core communication skills[Objectives]At the end of the course the student will able to:1. Apply with greater depth, intention and intensity.2. Apply with greater depth, intention and intensity.3. Interview the older patient with mental illness.4. End the doctor–patient relationship.[Contents]Specific issues.Breaking bad news.Cultural and social diversity.Age-related issues.The telephone interview.Patients with mental illness.Medically unexplained symptoms.Other communication issues.REFERENCESCommunication in the Health and Social Science,(Anna Higgs et al, 2005).Health Comunication from Theory to Practice,(Renata Schiavo,2014).The Art of Communication in Nursing and Health Care,（Theresa Raphael-Grimm,2014）.Intentional Interviewing and Counseling (Allen E. Ivey and Mary Bradford Ivey, 2003).EXAMINATION PATTERN & MARKS DISTRIBUTIONWritten Paper: 30%Competencies: 50% (assessed during class hours)Written answers (during class) based on readings: 10%Attendance: 10%The Syllabus of Tropical DiseasesApplicable students: oversea students.Class hours:it takes 24 hours to study this course without experimental skill. Course introduction:Tropical diseases are diseases that are prevalent in or unique to tropical and subtropical regions. During recent history, tropical regions of the world were more severely affected by infectious diseases in comparison to the temperate world. Principal reasons why infectious diseases can thrive in such regions can be found in both environmental and biological factors that support high levels of biodiversity of pathogens, vectors and hosts, but also in social factors that undermine efforts to control these diseases.Such infectious diseases are known simply as tropical diseases (as they are disproportionately more prevalent than other non-infectious diseases), and tropical medicine has emerged as an important discipline for their study. The most important part of the research is figuring out the relationship between humans, a microorganism, and a vector that can move the pathogen between humansOur lectures will includea differential diagnosis list for diarrhea, fever, pruritus, and splenomegaly. Medication names are given according to the international common denomination. Treatments are based on experience and take into account factors such as greatest efficacy and fewest adverse reactions, geographic availability, and cost in developing countries. We emphasize practicality and therefore efficiency in our recommendation of optimal diagnostic and curative approaches in as many health-care settings as possible.The basic requirements:It will request students to grasp main symptoms,complications,treatment,treventive measures of each tropical diseases.Teaching period plan: ChapterTeaching contentsTime (hours)1Filariasis (Lymphatic)22Leishmaniasis (Visceral, or Kala-Azar, or Dum Dum Disease)23Malaria (Blackwater Fever)44Trypanosomiasis25Schistosomiasis (Intestinal)26Larva Migrans (Cutaneous, or Creeping Eruption)27Plague (or Black Death)28Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)29HIV/Aids210Yellow Fever (or Black Vomit)211Ebola2Total24THEORETICAL PART (24 HOURS)Chapter 1: Filariasis (Lymphatic)[Aims and requestions]Master themain symptoms in acute and chronic phase, sometime with complications. Make clear the different treatments in two distinct phases.Understand how to prevent the dissease.[Contents]1.Geographic DistributionLymphatic filariasis is a nematodosis endemic to many countries of the intertropical zone, including South and Central America, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. In 2013, according to the WHO, nearly 1.4 billion people in 73 countries worldwide are threatened by lymphatic filariasis. Over 120 million people are infected, with about 40 million disfigured and incapacitated by the disease.2. Main SymptomsThree to 20 months after being bitten by an infected Culex, Aedes, or Anopheles mosquito, symptoms appear in two distinct phases, sometimes with complications.AcuteScrotum lymphangitis and funiculitis, orchitis (often followed by a chylous hydrocele), fever (known as Fiji fever), fatigue, sometimes delirium, acute centrifugal lymphangitis (with inflammation of one or more lymphatic vessels) in the limbs or deep in the thorax with intense chest pain, and axillar or inguinal edema can occur. Acute adenitis can be isolated or accompanied with lymphangitis. Secondary bacterial infections with Streptococcus are common.ChronicHydrocele, chronic orchiepididymitis, adenopathies, adenolymphocele, varicose lymphatic vessels, elephantiasis, and chyluria can plicationsTropical pulmonary eosinophilia is due to Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi. Symptoms include paroxysmal cough, dyspnea, malaise, fever, and weight loss.3. Treatment? D.E.C. is a microfilaricide drug, which is partially macrofilaride in the treatment regimens indicated below.? D.E.C. should not be prescribed during acute bouts of the disease. Treatment should start when acute symptoms have subsided.? Tolerance warrants close monitoring, but good success rates can be expected.? For acute periods of lymphangitis, broad-spectrum antibiotics are needed.?If lymphatic filariasis is diagnosed at the chronic stage, surgery may become necessary but is not always possible.4.Preventive Measures? Use insecticide-treated mosquito netting at night to prevent bites.? Use insecticides to kill vectors.? Use repellents containing DEET (15–30%). Be aware that they can only provide transitory protection.? Treat clothes with insecticides containing permethrin.? DEC, 500 mg, po, for 2 days, once a month, for adults for a lengthy stay (i.e., several months) in endemic areas.[Focal and difficult points] Focus: the Main Symptoms and complications, treatment.Difficulty: Understanding how to distinguish acute Filariasis with other infectious disease.Chapter 2: Leishmaniasis (Visceral, or Kala-Azar, or Dum Dum Disease) [Aims and requestions]1.Master themain symptoms. 2.Grasp the treatment3.Understand how to prevent the dissease[Contents]Leishmania donovani, L. infantumGeographic DistributionKala-azar is a protozoosis. Foci of the disease have been identified in South America, Africa, the Mediterranean basin, the Middle East, India, and China. Visceral leishmaniasis is one of the most neglected parasitic diseases, and it affects the poorest populations. The disease is also known as Burdwan fever, Sirkari disease, Sahib’s disease, kala-dukh, kala-jwar, orAssam fever. Kala azar is endemic to 76 countries, putting approximately 200 million people at risk for infection. The Drug for Neglected Diseases Initiative estimates that there are 400,000 new cases each year with a mortality of 40,000. According to the WHO in 2013, 90% of all cases of kala azar occur in Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Nepal and Sudan.Main SymptomsOne to 2 months after indirect infection by a bite of an infected female sand fly (genus Phlebotomus in the old world and genus Lutzomya in the new world), which sometimes creates a skin ulcer and leaves a scar, the following symptoms often occur: fever, fatigue, pallor, weight loss, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly (kala-azar produces the largest spleen enlargement of all tropical diseases), adenopathy, and diarrhea. Diffuse skin symptoms are present in more than 50% of cases in Sudan and 5–10% in India. Low-grade fever and subacute GI disorders have been described in US military personnel after the Gulf War. Mild forms of kala-azar have been observed in Brazil. Purpura may also appear in some cases. Without treatment, prognosis is poor in most patients.3.Treatment? Antimoniate of meglumine is the drug of choice except for pregnant women, patients with cardiac diseases, and in Northern Bihar, India. Tolerance warrants hospital monitoring. Success rates are high. An equivalent is sodium stibogluconate. Liposomal amphotericin B can also be used.* Liposomal amphotericin, when available, has the highest therapeutic efficacy and safety profile. The dosing depends on the country, for example, in India and Kenya, 2 mg/kg, IV, on days 1–4 and day 10; and in Brazil, 2 mg/kg, slow IV, for 10 days (cumulated max dose: 6–40 mg/kg)4.Preventive Measures? People are not completely protected from kala-azar with usual netting because Phlebotomus sand flies can fly through the holes.? Use insecticides to kill vectors.? Use repellents containing DEET (15–30%). Be aware that they can only provide transitory protection.? Treat clothes with insecticides containing permethrin.[Focal and difficult points] Focus: the Main Symptoms, treatment.Difficulty: Understanding how to distinguish Leishmaniasis with other infectious disease.Chapter 3: Malaria (Blackwater Fever) [Aims and requestions]1.Master themain symptoms2.Grasp the complications.3.Grasp the new problem 4.Grasp the treatment and prevention.5.Understand historical background, geographic distriction.[Contents]Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae1.Historical BackgroundThe malaria parasite was discovered in northern Africa by Alphonse Laveran in 1880. Later, three distinct species were identified: Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium malariae. In 1898, the mode of transmission in birds was revealed by Ronald Ross, and 2 years later it was described in humans by Battista Grassi. Plasmodium ovale was discovered in 1922 by John William Watson Stephens. In 1948, Henry Edward Shortt and Percy Cyril Claude Garnham showed that some stages of the parasite’s evolution take place in the liver, where P. ovale, P. vivax, and P. malariae lay dormant. In 1972, Tu Youyou discovered artemisinin in the leaves of Artemisia annua (annual wormwood). In the 21st century, it has become the basis for malaria treatment. In 2012, each minute one child (mostly from 6 months to 2 years of age) died of malaria. Two billion people (one-third of Earth’s population) live in areas where malaria can be transmitted, and 1 billion carry or have carried the parasite at one time in their lives.2.New ProblemsThe second half of the 20th century saw the emergence of strains of malaria parasites (mainly P. falciparum) resistant to chloroquine, which was the most commonly used drug for treatment of the disease. This phenomenon started in Southeast Asia and extended to East and West Africa and simultaneously to South America (mostly in the Amazonian basin).While resistance spread geographically, it also evolved chemically including to other antimalarial drugs like quinine, sulfadoxine, pyrimethamine, and proguanil.3. Geographic DistributionMalaria is a protozoosis. In 2012, malaria was endemic to many tropical countries. P. falciparum is widely spread. P. vivax can be found in northern Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. P. ovale and P. malariae exist in sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar.4.Main SymptomsThe initial phase is identical. The disease then evolves according to each species. The characteristic fever patterns are tertian fever for P. vivax and P. ovale and quartan fever for P. malariae.Initial phaseUsually, 7–21 days (and up to 9 months for P. vivax) after being bitten by an infested female Anopheles mosquito (most often at night), fever, chills, sweating, arthralgia, myalgia, cephalgia, malaise, nausea, and sometimes emesis, diarrhea, and abdominal pain appear. A herpetic lesion may emerge on the lips. Icterus occurs with massive infestation. The fever may or may not have a typical pattern.Typical fever patternsTertian feverP. ovale and P. vivaxFever starts abruptly, with chills, heat sensation, and sweating (in sequence). These symptoms last for about 10 h, ending with the patient experiencing a euphoric state. Bouts of fever happen every other day or every day (double tertian) and can recur up to 2 years after infection.Quartan feverP. malariaeFebrile bouts happen on days 1, 4, 7, 10, and so on. This form of malaria can emerge up to 20 years after initial plicationsCerebral malariaP. falciparumCerebral malaria has a clinical picture that includes any neurological sign associated with P. falciparum infection. Often, cerebral malaria is seen in a febrile comatose patient. Early neurological signs include mental confusion, localized or generalized convulsions, and hypo- or hypertonia. Additional symptoms may include icterus, intense diarrhea and emesis, acute diffuse pain, and renal failure. Other complications can occur, especially pneumonia.Chronic or subacute malariaP. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariaePaleness, dyspnea, edema of the lower limbs, heart murmur from anemia, and abdominal protrusion due to splenomegaly may appear. It is more common in children.Severe malariaAccording to the WHO, criteria for severe malaria include the following:? Decreased consciousness? Significant weakness such that the person is unable to walk? Inability to feed? Two or more convulsions per 24 h? Hypotension (<70 mm Hg in adults or 50 mm Hg in children)? Difficulty breathing? Hypovolemic shock? Kidney failure or hemoglobinuria? Hemorrhage or hemoglobin <5 g/dl or hematocrit <15%? Pulmonary edema? Hypoglycemia (<2.2 mmol/l or 40 mg/dl)? Acidosis or lactate levels >5 mmol/l? Hyperparasitemia (≥4% in the nonimmune poatient and ≥20% in the semi-immune patient? Icterus (clinical or total bilirubin ≥50 mcmol/l)When there is a neurological sign associated with a P. falciparum infection, it overlaps with cerebral malaria as defined by French tropical disease specialists.5.Treatment? Cerebral malaria: Intravenous quinine is now the second drug of choice. The first option should be artemether + lumefantrine. Artesunate suppositories can also be used, when necessary? Prognosis of a coma: The shorter the duration, the better the outcome; but there is no link to parasitemia levels.? In all forms of malaria, the origin of the disease and the parasite-resistance profile will determine the drug of choice. When the parasite comes from an area of multiple resistance, a combination of drugs is often necessary.? In case of pregnancy, lactation, immunodepression, or allergies, individual adjustments must be made.6. Preventive Measures? Some drugs can be taken prior to or upon entering a malaria endemic country. The drug choice has to take into account the following factors: (1) country of destination and its resistance pattern, (2) length of stay, (3) age, (4) allergies, (5) pregnancy, (6) lactation, (7) immunodepression, and (8) cost.? Use mosquito nets coated with insecticides.? Use insecticides to kill vectors.? Use repellents containing DEET (15–30%). Be aware that they can only provide transitory protection.? Treat clothes with insecticides containing permethrin.? Avoid poor housing conditions and swampy areas.[Focal and difficult points] Focus: the Main Symptoms, complications and treatment.Difficulty: complications and treatment.Chapter 4: Trypanosomiasis [Aims and requestions]1.Master themain symptoms. 2.Grasp the treatment3.Understand how to prevent the dissease[Contents]Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense1. Geographic DistributionTrypanosomiases are protozooses. Sleeping sickness caused by T. brucei gambiense is endemic to West Africa (hyperendemic areas include Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, and the Democratic Republic of Congo), while sleeping sickness induced by T. brucei rhodesiense is endemic to East Africa. According to the WHO in 2012, sleeping sickness occured in 36 sub-Saharan Africa countries. The people most exposed were in rural areas and T. brucei gambiense accounted for 95% of reported cases. In 2010 there were 7,139 new cases worldwide.Main SymptomsFive to 20 days (and sometimes many months) after a bite of an infected glossin or tsetse fly (which sometimes causes a skin ulcer with local adenopathy lasting for a few days), symptoms may appear in two phases:GeneralizationTypical adenopathy, mainly in the neck (in the posterior cervical area = Winterbottom’s sign) and supraclavicular area; fever; hepatomegaly; splenomegaly; and trypanide skin lesions (erratic red patches on the torso and roots of the arms and legs) occur. Pruritus is common. Facial edema should evoke the disease.Cerebral polarizationIt occurs weeks to months after disease onset for T. brucei rhodesiense and 6 months to several years for T. brucei gambiense. Fever is the only persisting symptom from the first phase. The symptoms of this phase are more severe:? Neurological:? Sensory: Deep hyperesthesia, muscle cramps, paresthesia, neuralgia, or anesthesia? Motor: Palsy, seizures, tremor, choreic or athetosic movements, cerebellar incoordination, or extrapyramidal hypertonia? Psychiatric: Mood swings, suicidal tendency, instinct perversion, or personality changes? Other symptoms: Cephalgia, sluggishness, thirst disturbances, loss of libido, amenorrhea, sterility, and thyroid insufficiency? Final stages: Patients becomes very confused and fall into a comatose stateAcute and subacute forms of the disease exist with T. brucei gambiense. Mild and asymptomatic forms have been described.3.Treatment? Generalization phase: Pentamidine is the drug of choice. Its tolerance warrants hospital monitoring, but high success rates can be achieved.? Cerebral polarization phase: Melarsoprol is the drug of choice. Its tolerance warrants strict hospital monitoring. Success rates vary, with often partial efficacy on neurological signs. It can provoke a chemical meningitis, encephalopathy, and polyneuropathy.4. Preventive Measures? Wear long sleeves and trousers (avoid blue or dark colors, which attract tsetse flies)? Use insecticide-treated mosquito nets while napping during the day? Use insecticides to kill vectors.? Use repellents containing DEET (15–30%). Be aware that they can only provide transitory protection.[Focal and difficult points] Focus: the Main Symptoms, complication, treatment.Difficulty: complications.Chapter 5: Schistosomiasis (Intestinal)[Aims and requestions]1.Master themain symptoms. 2.Grasp the treatment3.Understand how to prevent the dissease[Contents]Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, S. mekongi, S. intercalatum, S. guineensis1.Historical BackgroundIntestinal schistosomiasis originated in Africa. Slaves exported the disease to South America and the West Indies. In 1852, Theodore Bilharz discovered and described Schistosoma haematobium. Patrick Manson depicted the eggs of Schistosoma mansoni in 1904. During the same year, Fijiro Katsurada found Schistosoma japonicum in Japan. Schistosoma mekongi was identified in Laos in 1978.2.Geographic DistributionS. mansoni is endemic to Brazil, Africa, and the West Indies. S. japonicum and S. mekongi are located in the Far East, S. intercalatum is endemic to the south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and S. guineensis to the rest of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Cameroon, the Central African Republic and Angola. According to the WHO, at least 243 million people required treatment for schistosomiasis in 2011 in more than 75 developing countries. In 2013, nearly 800 million are at risk for contracting the disease, which kills an estimated 280,000 individuals annually.3.Main SymptomsIntestinal schistosomiasis can be divided into four phases according to the parasite cycle. PenetrationImmediately after contact with contaminated water, skin eruption and pruritus may appear and last from a few hours to 2 days. With S. mansoni, these symptoms are called piquina in Puerto Rico and with S. japonicum, kabure in Japan.InvasionFour days after infection, one may observe allergic reactions such as urticaria with fever, cephalgia, arthralgia, myalgia, transient edemas, cough, dyspnea, and diarrhea. This clinical picture is also known as “safari fever” or “Katayama fever.”Worm maturityMonths after infection, the following symptoms can often be seen: diarrhea, abdominal pain, and rectal pain. Skin symptoms include elevated, nonpruriginous papules around the umbilicus or on the thorax.Chronic phaseSymptoms and signs appear after years in heavy infections. They include splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, portal hypertension, and cirrhosis.plications can be divided in two categories.Evolution of the chronic phaseRupture of esophageal varices, liver failure, and right ventricular failure can occur. Erratic migrationsAdult worms or their eggs can migrate to the brain (mainly with S. mansoni and S. japonicum), inducing tumor-like symptoms, transverse myelitis, medulla compression, or seizures.5.Treatment? Oxamniquine and praziquantel offer good efficacy and tolerance.? Surgery for complications6. Preventive Measures? Avoid freshwater baths in endemic areas (controlled swimming pools and seawater are safe).[Focal and difficult points] Focus: the Main Symptoms, complication, treatment.Difficulty: complications.Chapter 6: Larva Migrans (Cutaneousor Creeping Eruption)[Aims and requestions]1.Master themain symptoms. 2.Grasp the treatment3.Understand how to prevent the dissease[Contents] Mainly due to Ancylostoma ceylanicum1. Geographic DistributionCutaneous larva migrans is common in the intertropical zone because of the large number of stray dogs. It is found predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean Islands, and South America. The natural final hosts of the parasite are dogs for Ancylostoma ceylanicum and other animals (cattle, pigs) for other specific species. Animal larvae can penetrate under the human skin erratically.2.Main SymptomsTwo to 3 days after contact with contaminated soil (sand or mud), a small red burrow appears under the skin, progressing several millimeters each day in a serpentine manner on the feet, hands, arms, legs, or torso. It is extremely itchy (especially at night), and symptoms can last from weeks to months. Secondary bacterial infections occur due to scratching.Treatment? Ivermectin, po, and thiabendazole cream are both effective.? Thiabendazole cream, apply directly to the affected area, bid, as many days as needed? Broad-spectrum antibiotics are required to treat secondary bacterial infections.? Update tetanus immunization.Preventive Measures? Avoid beaches where wild dogs roam.? Wear proper shoes.[Focal and difficult points] Focus: the Main Symptoms, treatment.Difficulty: Understanding how to distinguish Larva Migrans with other infectious disease.Chapter 7: Plague（Black Death）[Aims and requestions]1.Understand pathogenesis and prevention2.Grasp etiology and epidemiology3.Master clinical manifestations, cinical type; laboratory examination, diagnosis and treatment[Contents]Definition and brief introduction; etiology: Yersinia pestis; epidemiology: source of infection; routes of infection; susceptible population; epidemiologic feature; pathogenesis and pathology; clinical manifestations: clinical type( lymphadenitis, septicemia, pneumonia; others); laboratory examination: routine examination, baicteria examination (culture of body fluids or tissues); serological examination. diagnosis and differential diagnosis: epidemical information, clinical manifestations and the result of bacteria culture. differentiated from typus fever, typhoid fever, HFRS etc; prognosis; treatment: medical care( streptomycin, gentamicin, tetracyclines), symptomatic therapy, surgical care; prophylaxis: isolation of the source of infection, cutting down the route of transmission, protecting the susceptibles( active immunization( vaccine), passive immunization.[Focal and difficult points] Focus: diagnosis and treatmentDifficulty: pathogenesisChapter 8 Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)[Aims and requirements]1.Master the clinical manifestations of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)2.Master the diagnosis of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)3.Master the treatment of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)4.Master the following concepts:Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever) 5.Understand the etiologyof Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)6.Understand the epidemiology and pathogenesisof Dengue Fever (or Breakbone 7.Fever)8.Understand the?pathological anatomy and laboratory inspection of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)9.Understand the prognosis and prevention of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)[teaching contents]1.the concepts of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever) 2.the etiologyof Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)3.the epidemiology of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)(1)infection source(2)transmission(3)susceptible population(4)epidemiological characteristics4. the pathogenesisof Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)5. the?pathological anatomyof Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)6.the clinical manifestations of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)(1)typical Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)(2)LightDengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)(3)SevereDengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)7.the laboratory inspection of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)8.the diagnosis of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)9.the treatment of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)(1)general treatment(2)symptomatic treatment(3)antiviral treatment10.the prognosis and prevention of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)[Focal and difficult points] Keys: 1.the clinical manifestations of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever);2.the diagnosis of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever);3.the treatment of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever);4.the concepts of Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever);Difficult points: 1.the etiologyofDengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever);2.the pathogenesisof Dengue Fever (or Breakbone Fever)Chapter 9: HIV/Aids[Aims and requirements]1.Master the clinical manifestations of AIDS2.Master the diagnosis of AIDS3.Master the treatment of AIDS4.Master the following concepts: AIDS5.Understand the etiologyof HIV6.Understand the epidemiology and pathogenesisof AIDS7.Understand the?pathological anatomy and laboratory inspection of AIDS8.Understand the prognosis and prevention of AIDS[teaching contents]1.the concepts of AIDS2.the etiologyof HIV3.the epidemiology of AIDS(1)infection source(2)transmission(3)susceptible population(4)epidemiological characteristics4. the pathogenesisof AIDS(1)HIV infection and replication(2)CD4+T lymphocyte damage (3)abnormal function of mononuclear macrophages(4)abnormal function of B cell function and natural killer cells(5)abnormal function of CD4+T cells(6)the immune response after HIV infection5. the?pathological anatomyof AIDS6.the clinical manifestations of AIDS(1)the clinical phase: primary infection; lsymptomless infection; HIV infection(2)the clinical manifestations of HIV infection7.the laboratory inspection of AIDS8.the diagnosis of AIDS9.the treatment of AIDS(1)antiretroviral treatment(2)the treatment of opportunistic infections and tumors(3)immune recovery(4)Preventive treatment10.the prognosis and prevention of AIDS[Focal and difficult points] Keys: the clinical manifestations of AIDS; the diagnosis of AIDS; the treatment of AIDS; the concepts of AIDSDifficult points: the etiologyof HIV; the pathogenesisChapter 10: Yellow Fever [Aims and requestions]1.Understand pathogenesis and prevention2.Grasp etiology and epidemiology3.Master clinical manifestations( three stages), diagnosis and principle of treatment[Contents] Definition and brief introduction；etiology: yellow fever viruse; genome and structual proteins; physical and chemical properties; epidemiology: source of infection ; routes of infection; susceptible population; epidemiologic feature. pathogenesis and pathology; clinical manifestations: three stages(fever stage, toxic stage, convalescence stage); different symptoms in three stages; complications and clinical types; Laboratory Examination: routine examination, blood chemistry, and serology experiments; virus detection; diagnosis and differential diagnosis: epidemical information, clinical manifestations. differentiated from HFRS, virus hepatitis, Dengue fever etc ; treatment: general measure, symptomatic therapy. prophylaxis: control mosquito, eliminationg human exposure to infected mosquito, immunization( vaccine).[Focal and difficult points] Focus: diagnosis and treatmentDifficulty: pathogenesisChapter 11: Ebola virus disease (EVD)[Aims and requestions]1.Grasp etiology and epidemiology2.Master clinical manifestations ( five stages), clinical type; diagnosis and prevention3.Master transmission of Ebola virus4.Master pathogenesis of HIV5.Understand the structure and pathogenesis of Ebola virus6.Understand genome structure, replication,diagnosis, control and principle of treatment of Ebola virus [Teaching Contents]Definition and brief introduction ：Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans.；Etiology: EVD in humans is caused by four of five viruses of the genusHYPERLINK "; \o "Ebolavirus" Ebolavirus.The four are?HYPERLINK "; \o "Bundibugyo virus" Bundibugyo virus?(BDBV),?HYPERLINK "; \o "Sudan virus" Sudan virus?(SUDV),?HYPERLINK "; \o "Ta? Forest virus" Ta? Forest virus?(TAFV) and one simply called?HYPERLINK "; \o "Ebola virus" Ebola virus?(EBOV, formerly Zaire Ebola virus); genome and structual proteins; morphology; typing and biology; physical and chemical properties;Epidemiology: source of infection(wild animals including fruit bats is the main host); routes of infection(Ebola disease spreads only by direct contact with the blood or other?HYPERLINK "; \o "Body fluid" body fluids?of a person who has developed symptoms of the disease); susceptible population; epidemiologic feature: geographic distribution, Pathogenesis and pathology: pathology, pathophysiology ( fever, hypotension and shock, hemostatic impairment and both internal and external bleeding, impaired kidney and liver function), pathogenesis; (HYPERLINK "; \o "Endothelial cells" endothelial cells?, liver cells, and several types of immune cells such as?HYPERLINK "; \o "Mononuclear phagocyte system" macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells are the main targets of infection.) Clinical manifestations: (1) Signs and symptoms Fever, chills ,sore throat, Severe headache, Muscle pain ,Weakness, Fatigue, Additional symptoms include: rash,nausea, vomiting and diarrhea, Unexplained haemorrhaging (bleeding from inside and outside the body ,bruising), Abdominal (stomach) pain.(2)Laboratory Examination: blood routine examination, urine routine examination, blood chemistry, and serology experiments; virus detection; Diagnosis and differential Diagnosis: epidemical information, clinical manifestations. differentiated from acute febrile disease, hemorrhagic disease and renal disease; HYPERLINK "; \o "Hemolytic uremic syndrome" hemolytic uremic syndrome, HYPERLINK "; \o "Coagulation" clotting factor?deficiencies/platelet disorders,HYPERLINK "; \o "Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura" thromboticthrombocytopenicpurpura,HYPERLINK "; \o "Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia" hereditaryhemorrhagic telangiectasia,?HYPERLINK "; \o "Kawasaki disease" Kawasaki disease,andHYPERLINK "; \o "Warfarin" warfarinpoisoningTreatment: principle( early diagnosis, recognizing timely and treatment rapidly and in site); standard support,HYPERLINK "; \o "Intensive care" Intensive care.Prophylaxis: (1)Infection control :Isolation,HYPERLINK "; \o "Contact tracing" Contact tracing? (2)personal protection: Putting on protective equipment and vaccination.[Focal and difficult points] Focus: diagnosis and preventionDifficulty: pathogenesis of Ebola virusChinese CultURAL Experience Applicable students: oversea students.Class hours:16 hours Course introduction:We show the extensive and profound Chinese culture to the students by letting them experience the diet culture, tea culture, ancient culture, religious culture,etc., Experience includs taste the tea, learning the simple tea ceremony, making jiaozi, visiting the museum and visiting the North Putuo Mountain, etc. Through a variety of activities, let students feel the culture in the experience, learn more about China, deeply understand Chinese culture.The basic requirements:Request students to know China's traditional culture and customs, widen students’ knowledge, enrich their cultural life.Teaching period plan: ChapterContentsHours1Study the “Tea ceremony”42Learn to doTraditional Chinese Food-jiaozi43Visit the Museum44Visit the North Putuo Mountain4Chapter 1 Study the “Tea ceremony”[Class hours]4 hours[Contents]Introduce the history of Chinese tea, let students know the classification of Chinese tea and study how to make tea.[Arrangments]Visit the teahouse; Know tea set and its type; Learn how to make tea, taste tea, etc. Chapter 2 Learn to do Traditional Chinese Food-jiaozi[Class hours]4 hours[Contents]Through the study,students should learn the history of Chinese diet and the development of Chinese diet, understand China's eight regional cuisines and main characteristics. Master the differences between Chinese food culture and study table manners. [Arrangments]Students experience the progress of making "jiaozi"; teachers and students make "jiaozi" together.Chapter 3 Visit the Museum[Class hours]4 hours[Contents]Visit Jinzhou city museum, watch the Chinese historical relics and paintings. Through the introduction of the exhibits on display, students can understand the history of China and China's painting art.[Arrangments]Visit Jinzhou city museum;introduce the history of China and China’s painting art.Chapter 4 Visit the North Putuo Mountain[Class hours]4 hours[Contents]Visit the North Putuo mountain. The North Putuo mountain has a long history and profounded culture. By visiting the Buddha and Buddhism、Taoism unity 's temple, introduce the religious culture of China. [Arrangments]Visit the North Putuo mountain.；introduce the religious culture of China.THE SYLLABUL OF HSK COUNSELINGⅠApplicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 16 hours to study this course. The study of theory needs 16hours. Course Introduction:This course, intended for oversea students in Liaoning Medical University, is used to introduce HSK3 and solve the confusing points in grammar, practice to strengthen the Chinese skills in grammar, spoken and listening，so as to prepare the students for HSK test .The course is made up of listening comprehension, reading comprehension and writing sections and contains a total of 80 items. The Basic ObjectivesThis course requires students who have studied Chinese for four semesters to master the basic knowledge of Chinese , master 600 commonly used words and related grammar patterns.Students are able to communicate in Chinese at a basic level in their daily, academic and professional lives. They can manage most communication in Chinese when traveling in China.Teaching Hours DistributionChapterContentsLectureChapter 1General introduction to HSK CounselingⅠ 2Chapter 2HSK3 Listening 4Chapter 3HSK3 Reading 6Chapter 4HSK3 Writing 4Total16Theoretical part (16hours)CHAPTER 1: General introduction to HSK CounselingⅠ[Objectives]Get the knowledge of the structure and content of HSK 3, know the objectives and vocabulary range of HSK 3.[Contents]1.The time distribution of HSK 3.2.The main question types of HSK3.3.The vocabulary of HSK 3. CHAPTER 2: HSK 3 LISTENING[Objectives]Grasp the basic question types of HSK 3 listening part, know the testing points and the skill to do the questions.[Contents]1.Listen to a single sentence.2.Listen to a short conversation.3.Listen to a long conversation or a passage. CHAPTER 3: HSK 3 READING[Objectives]Grasp the basic question types of HSK 3 reading part, know the testing points and the skill to do the questions.[Contents]1.Choose the proper sentences to complete a dialogue .2.Choose proper words to complete a sentence.3.Reading comprehension.CHAPTER 4: HSK 3 WRITING[Objectives]Grasp the basic question types of HSK 3 writing part, know the testing points and the skill to do the questions.[Contents]1.Rearrange words or phrases order to make them into a whole sentence.2.Write a short passage according to the given picture and given words.THE SYLLABUS OF HSK CounselingⅡ Applicable Students: Six-year system oversea students in the department of clinical medicine. Class Hours: It takes 16 hours to study this course. Course Introduction:This course, intended for oversea students in Liaoning Medical University, is used to introduce HSK4 and solve the confusing points in grammar, so as to prepare the students for HSK test. The course is made up of listening comprehension, reading comprehension and writing sections and contains a total of 100 items.The Basic Objectives: This course requires students who have studied Chinese for four semesters or more to master the basic knowledge of Chinese, master 1200 commonly used words and related grammar patterns. Students are able to communicate in Chinese at a basic level in their daily, academic and professional lives. They can manage most communication in Chinese when traveling in China.ChapterContentsLectureChapter 1Brief Introduction to HSK 42Chapter 2HSK 4 Listening 4Chapter 3HSK 4 Reading6Chapter 4HSK 4 Writing4Total16Teaching Hours Distribution:Theoretical part (16 hours)CHAPTER 1： BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO HSK 4[Objectives]Get the knowledge of the structure and content of HSK 4, know the objectives and vocabulary range of HSK 4.[Contents]1.The time distribution of HSK 4.2.The main question types of HSK4.3.The vocabulary of HSK 4. CHAPTER 2: HSK 4 LISTENING[Objectives]Grasp the basic question types of HSK 4 listening part, know the testing points and the skill to do the questions.[Contents]1.Listen to a single sentence.2.Listen to a short conversation.3.Listen to a long conversation or a passage. CHAPTER 3: HSK 4 READING[Objectives]Grasp the basic question types of HSK 4 reading part, know the testing points and the skill to do the questions.[Contents]1.Choose proper words to complete a sentence.2.Rearrange the order of short sentences or phrases to connect them into a whole sentence.3.Reading comprehension. CHAPTER 4: HSK 4 WRITING[Objectives]Grasp the basic question types of HSK 4 writing part, know the testing points and the skill to do the questions.[Contents]1.Rearrange words or phrases order to make them into a whole sentence.2.Write a short passage according to the given picture and given words. ................
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