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Vocabulary in ContextOur associations with this:What this means:What to look for/pay attention to when answering questions testing this skill:For your question(s): List how the group members thought through the problemWrite why the correct answer is the right one, andWrite why the other answer options are wrongSection 1 #s 7, 8; Section 3 #s 28, and 29Section 1, # 8; Section 3, #288. Since Chen was not ___________________ person, she recognized immediately that the dubious investment scheme must be a scam.A. an ingratiatingB. a gregarious C. a petulant D. an irresolute *E. a credulous28. The actor was _______________ to __________________ even when offstage; he indulged in theatrical displays of emotion almost all the time.A. averse…dramaticsB. given… equanimityC. prone…histrionicsD. immune…exhibitionismE. partial…dispassionAuthor’s CraftOur associations with this:What this means:What to look for/pay attention to when answering questions testing this skill:For your question: List how the group members thought through the problemWrite why the correct answer is the right one, andWrite why the other answer options are wrongSection 1 # 21; Section 3 # 33Section 3, #33Based on the following passages.Passage 1While henna body art, or mehndi, as it is called in India, is a tradition that reaches back to ancient Egypt, it is reassuring to know that as an art form it is temporary, usually lasting about a week or two. The intricate designs are part of the celebration of life’s transformations: puberty, marriage, childbirth, and so on. Some women think of mehndi like a force field during times when they are particularly vulnerable. Despite its transience, mehndi is a deeply connective and intimate art not only in its physical application but also in the exchanges that occur between women as they celebrate each new stage of life by decorating one another.Passage 2Recently, Hollywood celebrities have been wearing mehndi. It appeals as a way of altering and staining the body without the long-term effects of tattoos. The temporary nature of this art form suits Hollywood’s momentary obsessions. The purposeful disassociation of mehndi from its history, culture, and ethnicity makes its appropriation easier, less anxious, for those who mark their bodies using this method of beautification. Such a detaching functions to wash and leach away the very traditions in which mehndi is steeped. Its “discovery” by pop culture icons has simplified its meaning, glamorizing its aesthetic qualities above all others.33. Compared with the overall tone of Passage 1, the overall tone of Passage 2 is moreA. celebratoryB. satisfiedC. indifferent*D. criticalE. pompousReasoning/InferencingOur associations with this:What this means:What to look for/pay attention to when answering questions testing this skill:For your question: List how the group members thought through the problemWrite why the correct answer is the right one, andWrite why the other answer options are wrongSection 1 #s 9, 12(modeled); Section 3 #s 25, and 31Section 1, #9Based on the following passage.When reading the biographies of the later Roman emperors, the fourteenth-century poet Francis Petrarch one day came across the statement that Gordian the Younger (who ruled A.D. 238-244) had been a man of handsome features. “If this is true,” he wrote in the margin of his copy of the Historia Augusta, “he employed a feeble sculptor.” This apparently trivial comment constitutes a milestone in the development of historical thought, for Petrarch is here not only giving almost equal weight to a visual and a literary source, but recognizing that they are not in agreement.9. The discussion of Petrarch chiefly serves to A. challenge a line of inquiry that is still pursued by modern historiansB. demonstrate how Petrarch was inspired by historical figures such as Gordian the YoungerC. advocate an ancient model of historical investigation into the visual artsD. describe an artistic debate that engaged the attention of writers in Petrarch’s day*E. cite a precedent for the comparative study of literary texts and the visual artsOrganization and IdeasOur associations with this:What this means:What to look for/pay attention to when answering questions testing this skill:For your question: List how the group members thought through the problemWrite why the correct answer is the right one, andWrite why the other answer options are wrongSection 1 #s 9, 13, and 19Section 1, #9Based on the following passage.When reading the biographies of the later Roman emperors, the fourteenth-century poet Francis Petrarch one day came across the statement that Gordian the Younger (who ruled A.D. 238-244) had been a man of handsome features. “If this is true,” he wrote in the margin of his copy of the Historia Augusta, “he employed a feeble sculptor.” This apparently trivial comment constitutes a milestone in the development of historical thought, for Petrarch is here not only giving almost equal weight to a visual and a literary source, but recognizing that they are not in agreement.9. The discussion of Petrarch chiefly serves to A. challenge a line of inquiry that is still pursued by modern historiansB. demonstrate how Petrarch was inspired by historical figures such as Gordian the YoungerC. advocate an ancient model of historical investigation into the visual artsD. describe an artistic debate that engaged the attention of writers in Petrarch’s day*E. cite a precedent for the comparative study of literary texts and the visual artsLiterary ElementsOur associations with this:What this means:What to look for/pay attention to when answering questions testing this skill:For your question(s): List how the group members thought through the problemWrite why the correct answer is the right one, andWrite why the other answer options are wrongSection 3 #s 46, 47, 48 (based on a passage)Based on the following passage.This passage is adapted from a 2001novel. Mr. Hosokawa is a Japanese business executive who travels frequently and often requires the services of a translator. When he was younger, Mr. Hosokawa saw the great advantage of languages. When he was older he wished he had made the commitment to learn them. The translators! They were ever changing, some good, some full of schoolboy stiffness, some utterly, hopelessly stupid. Some could hardly speak their native Japanese and continually halted conversations to look up a word in the dictionary. There were those who could perform their job well enough but were not the sort of people one wished to travel with. Some would abandon him the moment the final sentence of a meeting was completed, leaving him stranded and speechless if further negotiations were necessary. Others were dependent, wanting to stay with him through every meal, wanting to accompany him on his walks and recount for him every moment of their own lusterless childhoods. What he went through just for a mouthful of French, a few clear sentences of English. What he went through before Gen. Gen Watanabe had been assigned to him at a conference in Greece on the worldwide distribution of goods. Normally, Mr. Hosokawa tried to avoid the surprise element local translators so often provided, but his secretary had been unable to locate a Greek translator who could travel on short notice. During the plane ride to Athens, Mr. Hosokawa did not talk to the two senior vice presidents and three sales managers who accompanied him on the trip. Instead, he listened to Maria Callas sing a collection of Greek songs on his headset, thinking philosophically if the meeting was unintelligible to him at least he would have seen the country she considered her home. After waiting in line to have his passport stamped and his luggage rifled through, Mr. Hosokawa saw a young man holding a sign, Hosokawa, neatly lettered. The young man was Japanese, which, frankly, was a relief. It was easier to deal with a countryman who knew a little Greek than a Greek who knew a little Japanese. The translator was tall. His hair was heavy and long in the front and it brushed across the top rims of his small round glasses even as he tried to keep it parted to one side. He appeared to be quite young. It was the hair. The hair denoted to Mr. Hosokawa a lack of seriousness, or perhaps it was just the fact that the young man was in Athens rather than Tokyo that made him seem less serious. Mr. Hosokawa approached him, gave the slightest bow of acknowledgment that only included his neck and upper shoulders, a gesture that said, You have found me. The young man reached forward and took Mr. Hosokawa’s briefcase, bowing as he did so to the waist. He bowed seriously, though somewhat less deeply, to both of the vice presidents and the three sales managers. He introduced himself as the translator, inquired after the comfort of the flight, gave the estimated driving time to the hotel and the starting time of the first meeting. Mr. Hosokawa heard something in this young man’s voice, 55something familiar and soothing. It was not a musical voice, and yet it affected him like music. Speak again… Over the next two days, everything Gen touched became a smooth surface. He typed up Mr. Hosokawa’s handwritten notes, took care of scheduling, found tickets to an opera that had been sold out for six weeks. At the conference he spoke in Greek for Mr. Hosokawa and his associates, spoke in Japanese to them, and was, in all matters, intelligent, quick, and professional. But it was not his presence that Mr. Hosokawa was drawn to; it was 65his lack of presence. Gen was an extension, an invisible self that was constantly anticipating his needs. He felt Gen would remember whatever had been forgotten. One afternoon during a private meeting concerning shipping interests, as Gen translated into Greek what he had just that moment said himself, Mr. Hosokawa finally recognized the voice. Something so familiar, that’s what he had thought. It was his own voice.Section 3, #46 and #4848. In context, the description in lines 65-66 (“Gen46. In line 55, the narrator refers to “music” in order to was…needs”) presents Gen as if heA. praise the mellow tones of Gen’s voiceA. were an invention of Mr. Hosokawa’s imagination*B. convey the nature of Mr. Hosokawa’s reactionB. were more secretive than Mr. Hosokawa preferredC. note the shared interests of two charactersC. resembled Mr. Hosokawa physicallyD. evoke Mr. Hosokawa’s experience on the flightD. saw himself as an equal to Mr. HosokawaE. characterize Gen’s determination to be pleasant*E. had access to Mr. Hosokawa’s thought processesManaging Word Choice and Grammatical RelationshipsOur associations with this:What this means:What to look for/pay attention to when answering questions testing this skill:For your question: List how the group members thought through the problemWrite why the correct answer is the right one, andWrite why the other answer options are wrongSection 5 #s 31, 32, 34Section 5, #31These sentences test your ability to recognize grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either a single error or no error at all. No sentence contains more than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the one underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E. In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard written English.31. No sooner had the plane’s wheels touched the ground when I heard the chimes A B *Cof cell phones throughout the cabin. No error D EManage Phrases and ClausesOur associations with this:What this means:What to look for/pay attention to when answering questions testing this skill:For your question: List how the group members thought through the problemWrite why the correct answer is the right one, andWrite why the other answer options are wrongSection 5 #s 18 and 20Section 5, # 20The following sentences test correctness and effectiveness of expression. Part of each sentence or the entire sentence is underlined; beneath each sentence are five ways of phrasing the underlined material. Choice A repeats the original phrasing; the other four choices are different. If you think the original phrasing produces a better sentence than any of the alternatives, select choice A; if not, select one of the other choices.In making your selection, follow the requirements of standard written English; that is, pay attention to grammar, choice of words, sentence construction, and punctuation. Your selection should result in the most effective sentence – clear and precise, without awkwardness or ambiguity.20. The Irish author Samuel Beckett originally wrote his most famous play, Waiting for Godot, in French, but one might assume it to be English.A. French, but one might assume it to be*B. French, not, as one might assume, inC. French, however, one might assume he wrote it inD. French; although one might assume it wasE. French; despite the assumption that it was written inRecognizing Correctly Formed SentencesOur associations with this:What this means:What to look for/pay attention to when answering questions testing this skill:For your question: List how the group members thought through the problemWrite why the correct answer is the right one, andWrite why the other answer options are wrongSection 5 #s 13 and 33Section 5, #33These sentences test your ability to recognize grammar and usage errors. Each sentence contains either a single error or no error at all. No sentence contains more than one error. The error, if there is one, is underlined and lettered. If the sentence contains an error, select the one underlined part that must be changed to make the sentence correct. If the sentence is correct, select choice E. In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard written English.33. Members of the historical society are meeting with the mayor to insist that city A Brecords pertaining to local businesses and organizations long since defunct Cbe carefully preserved. No error D *EManage Order and Relationships of Sentences and ParagraphsOur associations with this:What this means:What to look for/pay attention to when answering questions testing this skill:For your question: List how the group members thought through the problemWrite why the correct answer is the right one, andWrite why the other answer options are wrongSection 5 #s 37 and 39 (based on a passage)Section 5, 37 and 39The following passage is an early draft of an essay. Some parts of the passage need to be rewritten.Read the passage and select the best answers for the questions that follow. Some questions are about particular sentences or parts of sentences and ask you to improve sentence structure or word choice. Other questions ask you to consider organization and development. In choosing answers, follow the requirements of standard written English.Questions 35-39 refer to the following passage.(1) An important figure in many West African cultures is the griot, a storyteller who entertains and serves the community as a sort of living history book. (2) Renowned for their narrative skills and extraordinary memories, griots can recount the history of a tribe or family to suit a particular occasion. (3) During a marriage ceremony a griot may tell a centuries-old story of the wedding of one of the groom’s ancestors, recalling such details as the gifts given and the clothing worn by the bride. (4) Traditional weddings among the Urhobo people of West Africa begin with a formal presentation of gifts to the family of the bride.(5) Although griots are nowadays thought of primarily as entertainers, in the past they served important political functions. (6) As trained speakers, griots were natural ambassadors. (7) Their skill with language has enabled them to resolve feuds between neighboring tribes or arrange marriages between members of important families. (8) Their knowledge of history, in addition, made griots invaluable counselors to kings or tribal chieftains. (9) Knowing how things were done in the past, they were able to offer sage advice on how to proceed as similar situations arose in the present. (10) Moreover, they could in times of crisis inspire the chieftain with “praise songs” that recounted great deeds of his ancestors or commented on the chieftain’s own positive qualities.(11) Griots also served as spiritual advisors to the community at large. (12) They brought people together and helped them live in harmony. (13) A griot could foster social cohesion by recounting tales of their common history or by offering advice and inspiration.37. In context, which of the following revisions to sentence 7 (reproduced below) is most needed?Their skill with language has enabled them to resolve feuds between neighboring tribes or arrange marriages between members of important families.A. Inserting “Nevertheless,” at the beginning of the sentenceB. Changing “Their” to “This” and “them” to “the ambassadors”*C. Deleting “has”D. Changing “or” to “and also”E. Inserting “to” immediately before “arrange”39. In context, which is the best revision to the underlined portion of sentence 12 (reproduced below)?They brought people together and helped them live in harmony.A. During such crises, theyB. Despite these setbacks, itC. Using the same strategy, it*D. In this capacity, theyE. At other times they ................
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