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Extroverts versus Introverts and Musical PreferencesGroup Three: Stacy Anderson, Ruby Farfan, Josie Haley, Nathalie Madrigal and Darren PainSalt Lake Community College – Psychology 2250 Personality TheoryAbstractDoes a preference for heavy metal or classical music postulate an introverted personality type? Can we assume that because someone spends hours listening to country western, hip hop or pop rock that they will be the life of the party? Just as hairstyle and clothing is an outward indicator of how someone addresses and dresses up their personality, we wanted to determine if an individual’s favorite music genre is closely linked to his or her personality type and inner beat. In this paper, we will outline the traits we chose to assess and our target population. We will cite research that was done, review the construction methods of our test and our predictions as well as determine time allotments and then finally discuss our beta and initial test results. Keywords: Personality Types, Extroversion, Introversion, Music Preferences, Music GenresTraits to AssessWe, as a diverse group ourselves (older, younger, female, male, ethnically diverse and in varying situations of life), looked at the aspects of our own everyday lives and looked to something we had in common – music. Despite our diversity, we all in one way or another were drawn to music. We recognized in our discussions that despite our differences, we were bonding over the subject of music although our tastes, like our personalities, were quite different. That lead to the question, “If music is such a substantial part of our diverse identities, is it possible to assess whether or not we can determine certain personality types based on musical preferences?” Admittedly, with all of the music genres available and the possible personality traits we could asses, the rubric became overwhelming. With such a short time to research our subject matter, construct, administer and reassess our test, we decided to narrow the field down to extroverts versus introverts and eight music genres – four that we formulated would be associated with extroverts (rap, techno, pop rock and country) and four which we determined would be associated with introverts (jazz, blues, classical and opera).Target PopulationAs we began formulating our assessment, based upon theoretical views that personality is largely more concrete beyond the elementary years, we determined that we should leave the “Sesame Street” and bubble gum generations out of our data and target older teens through those who are entering their older or twilight years – approximately 50 to 60. We did not want to focus on age as much as we wanted to focus on music preference so a sampling of all of these ages seemed most appropriate. However, we did want to see if there was a correlation between age and certain genres within the scope of extroverts versus introverts so we did ask for ages so we could determine this correlate.We also wanted diversity when it came to ethnicity and race but did not care about gender since, once again, the focus was to be on extroverts versus introverts and musical preferences. We felt that gender would not be as much of a swing in preference as would age and race/ethnicity when it came to preferences and personality type.Research New research amassed from around the world is beginning to show that ties between favorite music genres are closely linked to personality. Professor Adrian harden of Heriot-Watt University in Edinburgh, UK, is an expert on music psychology and has done extensive research with more than 36,000 global participants gathering data on the social and applied psychology of music on subjects like the relationships between pop music culture and deviant behavior in adolescent, music and consumer behaviors and the roles of music preference and outlooks on everyday life. “People do actually define themselves through music and relate to other people through it but we haven’t known in detail how music is connected to identity”, he said. That, however, is beginning to change.?People can listen to music up to five hours a day and it has been noted that music preference ties in to the emotions and moods that we are feeling at the moment which is what makes music such an important part of our lives. Research done in conjunction with Big 5 personality tests show correlations between sophistication and classical music, emotional intensity and heavy metal or punk and mellowness and jazz or slow/soft rock? but does music determine personality or does personality determine music preferences? And why do we listen to music in the first place? Studies have shown that music is related to gratification which is related to the release of dopamine in the brain stimulating the pleasure response. In other words, music can be a natural high. In addition to making us feel good, music can help us focus, improve cognition, be reflective and affect our sociability. Some correlations between openness and aesthetic appreciation to soothing reflective music such as jazz, classical, opera and gospel and more extroverted qualities like sociability to upbeat paced genres like pop, hip hop, rap and techno? made us want to further explore links between the music we love and the people we are.Construction MethodsFor the first part of our assessment, we researched certain behaviors tied to introverted and extroverted personality types and constructed five questions with an underlying point scale of 4, 3, 2 and 1. Higher points (3 and 4) indicate an extroverted personality while the lower points (1 and 2) were indicative of a more introverted personality type.Part two of the assessment was tied to music preference. For these two questions, we researched the different genres we chose to highlight and looked at common descriptive adjectives for that specific music type and well-known artists in those specific genres. One question asked as to preference of those descriptors and the second question had parts of names associated with those specific genres. The first question was to determine a preference towards certain music and associations while the second question, with only partial names, would appeal to those who knew the genre and its artists. The eighth question was tied to music listening preferences (loud, soft, earphones, secluded) and personality type – extroversion or introverted.The final two questions in the ten question assessment were demographic questions.We determined that we were going to place a two minute time frame on the questionnaire because we wanted first impressions to be captured in the responses without much thought or pondering.We gave our assessment the title of P.I.E. which we would understand to mean Personality – Extro/Intro but would keep our respondents from knowing the information we were seeking. The assessment in included in Appendix A. PredictionsWe predicted that those self-described extroverts who were younger would be more keenly attached to the genres of rap/hip hop and techno while the older extroverts would be taken with country and pop rock. Likewise, those who were younger and saw themselves as more introverts would be drawn to the jazz, blues and maybe classical music while the older introverts would be drawn to classical and opera. We were interested in seeing if age and race/ethnicity would play a part into our thoughts. Test ResultsConclusions: In conclusion, we found that music does not only impact our personality types, but it helps shape them. We also found that there is in fact a correlation between introverts and extroverts and the types of music that they listen too. We found that introverts depending on their age listen to softer music like; classical, blues and some forms of jazz and we found that extroverts again varying with age listen to; hip hop, country and rock and roll. We feel that these tests were successful and it would be interesting to see more numbers if we took this personality test to a bigger sample. References1 - Collingwood, J. (2008). Preferred Music Style Is Tied to Personality. Psych Central. Retrieved on November 16, 2014, from - BIBLIOGRAPHY Kashdan, T. B. (2014, May 06). Psychology Today. Retrieved November 11, 2014, from Psychology Today: - Radovanovic, D. (2014). Urban Times. Retrieved 11 13, 2014, from Urban Times: ................
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