1
|The atheromatous calcification of the aorta that occurs w/normal |Which of the following results from hyperparathyroidism? |
|serum Ca level? |Osteopenia( generalized bone loss |
|Enzymatic fat necrosis |Increased weight loss |
|Metastatic calcification |Increased cortical sclerosing |
|Lipodydtrophy |Increased metabolism |
|Dystrophic calcification | |
| |What type of collagen is found 1st or earliest? |
|Increased secretion from anterior pituitary following closure of |Type 1( Wound healing |
|the epiphyseal plates could produce? |Type 2( Disc |
|Acromegaly |Type 3( Beginning wound healing |
|Pagets Dz. |Type 4( Basement membrane |
|Gigantism | |
|Cretinism |Who is most likely to have entrapment neuropathy of median nerve?|
| |Elderly males |
|A deficiency in which of the following trace elements results in |Athletic males |
|tetomy similar to that which accompanies hypocalcemia? |Children |
|Copper |Pregnant female( d/t water retention |
|Zinc | |
|Magnesium |Intercranial calcification occurs M/C in? |
|Iron |Oligiodendroglioma |
| |Medulloblastoma( #1 cerebellar tumor in children |
|Who is the most infectious member of the family? |Astrocytoma( #1 benign tumor of brain |
|Older people |Ependymoma( tumor of ependamal layer (top layer of brain) |
|Pregnant females |ventricles of brain. |
|Middle aged males | |
|School age children |Cardiac temponade is defined as? |
| |Aortic stenosis |
|Cer. Pulmonic may be a complication of which of the following? |Fluid in pericardial space |
|Patent ductus arteriosus |Excess fluid in capillaries |
|Kidney failure |Increased fluid in veins |
|Emphysema | |
|Essential hypertension |Which of the following is a primary immunodefiency? |
| |Hashimotos thyroidits |
|Which of the following conditions is characterized by T cell |Myasthenia gravis |
|deficiency due to lack of development of 3 & 4 pharyngeal |Burtons agammoglobulimia |
|pouches, deficiency of heart great vessels, mouth, ears, & |Aids |
|fauces? | |
|T-helper (-)( di Georges |Almost all pathological changes of systemic lupus erythematosus |
|B-cell (-)( Burtons |involve which of the following? |
|Improper clotting |Famma( test to determine lupus |
|Wischott Aldrich |Increased cytotoxins |
| |Increased IgG |
|What type of deficiency is delayed hypersensitive? |Increased immune cells |
|Type 1 | |
|Type 2 |Which of the following is an autosomal gluco-cerebral Dz. |
|Type 3 |w/hepatospleenomegaly? |
|Type 4 |Lymes Dz.( Bulls eye rash |
| |Kleinfelters Dz.( XXY chrosome |
|Skip |Marfans( Lens of eye dislocation, arachodactly, heart problems |
| |Gauchers |
|Which of the following is the most common degenerative Dz. of the|Which of the following is characterized by lesion that has |
|joints? |caseous necrosis in the center & surrounded by endothelial |
|Osteoarthritis |macrophages? |
|Rheumatoid arthritis |Tuberculosis |
|Gouty arthritis |Fibrosis |
|Migratory polyarthritis |Anthracosis |
| |Silicosis |
|Which of the following is responsible for post infectious | |
|glomulonephritus? |Release of histamine into the skin following cutaneus trauma |
|Group D staphylococcus |causes? |
|Staphylococcus streptococcus |Extracellular fluid filled capillaries |
|Staph. Aureus |Granulomatous Increase of mast cells |
|Beta hemolytic strep |Vasoconstriction causes blanching |
| |Vasodilatation of arterioles causing redness |
|Metastatic osteoblastic tumor in a malignancy most likely | |
|originates from which of the following? |Which of the following occurs in a keloid? |
|Breast( 80% osteolytic 20% osteoblastic |Response to wound healing |
|Lung( always osteolytic |Hypertrophic enlargement of scar tissue |
|Prostate( 80% osteoblastic 20% osteolytic. |Early granulomatous Dz. |
|Colon |Benign tumor |
| | |
|Which of the following is classified as a benign neoplasm? |What is the M/C benign tumor of the spine? |
|Lipoma |Hemangoma |
|Sarcoma |Osteoma( M/C in skull |
|Carcinoma |Osteochondroma( M/C in appendicular skeleton |
|Lymphoma & melanoma |Enchondroma( M/C hands & feet |
| | |
|Which of the following is a systemic immune complex reaction? |What causes hoarseness associated with carcinoma in the apex of |
|Poison oak( Type 4 |the lung? |
|Incomplete blood transfusion( type 2 |Metastasis of the speech area |
|Rheumatiod arthritis |Increased sputum |
|Food allergy |Esophageal atresia |
| |Laryngeal nerve damage |
|Serum sickness is an example of? | |
|Immune complex |Which of the following substances is produced in the cells & |
|Delayed immunity |increases inflammation d/t tissue damage? |
|Antibody antigen mediated complex |Prostaglandin’s |
|T-cell mediated complex |Histamine |
| |Leukotriene |
|A deficiency of vit. C most often effects? |Thrombus |
|Nerves | |
|Muscles |What is the result in the cell as a consequence of thyroid |
|Connective tissue |goiter? |
|Hemopoietic tissue |Hyperplasia( Increased # of cells |
| |Dysplasia( Changes of size shape & form |
|Wernecke-Korsakoff syndrome is caused by chronic alcoholisim is |Metaplasia( Sub. one cell for another |
|due to deficiency of which of the following? |Anaplasia( Cancer |
|B-6 | |
|B-3 |Which of the following types of thyrotoxicosis is M/C in patients|
|C |under 40? |
|B-1 |Graves Dz. |
| |Struma ovarii |
| |Iodine induced hyperthyroiditis |
|Which of the following is characterized by recanalizatioz? |Which of the following is a peirosteal encasement of necrotic |
|Thrombus( restores flow |tissue? |
|Sinuses |Sequestrum |
|Aneurysm |Involucrum |
|Fistulas |Cloaca |
| |Limbus |
|Circulatory level of which cell increases in an acute | |
|inflammatory response caused by bacterial infection? |Patients w/abstestosis are predisposed to? |
|Esinophil( Parasitic |Embolism |
|Lymphocytic( allergic Rx. |Tuberculosis |
|Neutrophils |Mesothelioma |
|Basophils( tissue/mast cells( Histamine |Aspergilliasis( Fungal ball |
| | |
|Dz. W/chronic rheumatoid arthritis & spleenomegaly is |A periasteal reaction described radiological as a sunburst Rx. Is|
|characteristic of? |M/C in |
|Marie Strumpells Dz.( AKA: ankylosing spondolytis |Fibrosarcoma |
|Felly’s syndrome |Osteoblastoma |
| |Osteosarcoma( Benign tumor |
| |Giant cell( Multi-nucleated macrophage |
| | |
|Which of the following affects the substantia nigra of basal |Which of the following is a degenerative Dz. that affects the |
|ganglia & results in resting tremors? |cranial nerve nuclei? |
|Alzheimer’s |Wilson’s Dz.( copper metabolism |
|Huntington’s Dz. |Progressive bulbar palsy( characterized by loss of eye movement. |
|Parkinson Dz. |Alzheimer’s |
|Myasthenia Gravis |Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| | |
|Megaloblastic enemia is caused by which of the following vit. |The Philadelphia chromosome is a risk factor for which leukemia? |
|deficiencies? |Acute lymphocytic |
|Vit. A( Xeropathalmia |Acute myelocytic |
|Vit. B12( Pernicious anemia |Chronic lymphocytic |
|Vit. C( Scurvy |Chronic myelocytic |
|Vit. D | |
| |Dilation of the inner mammary & subcapiular arteries hypertension|
|Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis for an infant|& weakness of the upper limbs w/ decreased lower limb pulse |
|who develops projectile vomiting within the 1st 3 weeks of life? |occurs in which of the following? |
|Pyloric stenosis |Twisting of the aorta |
|Achalasia |Coarctation of the aorta |
|Merkels Diverticulitis |Aortic insufficiency |
|Zenker’s diverticulitis |Patent ductus arteriosus |
| | |
|The neoplasam found in AIDS’s patients is? |NOTE: 5 steps of water purification |
|Karposi sarcoma( Best choice |Coagulation of solutes( Flocculation |
|Non-hodgkins lymphoma( 2nd choice |Sedimentation |
|Wilms tumor in kidney effecting children |Filtration( Back wash filters or filter through sand |
|Melanoma |Aeration( addition of o2 to improve color & taste |
| |Chlorination |
| | |
| | |
| | |
|The substrate of a fully differentiated cell type to another is |Cretinism is caused by? |
|known as? |Hyperthyrodism |
|Anaplasia( is reversible( Is cancer |Hypothyrodism |
|Dysplasia( reversible |Goiter |
|Metaplasia |Hyperparathyrodism |
|Hyperplasia | |
| |Acromegaly & gigantism result from an ( in which of the |
|Which cell is increased in viral infections? |following? |
|Lymphocytes |Histamine |
|Neutrophils( Bacteria |Somatrophin |
|Monocytes |Parathormone |
|Eosinophils( alageries |TSH |
| | |
|Which of the following conditions is characterized by congenital |Subacute panaencephalitis is a rare sequel to? |
|absence or parasympathetic ganglia in the colon subsequent |Herpes simplex |
|constipation & dilation of the colon? |Chicken pox |
|Horners syndrome |Mumps |
|Hirschsprungs Dz |Measles |
|Merekel’s diverticulum | |
|Chagase’s Dz. |When there is degeneration of the lateral cells which of the |
| |following is affected |
|Which of the following is pseudohypertrophic M/C in? |Autonomic function |
|Myssthenia gravis( autosomal Dz F 40 |Vibration sense( Posterior column |
|Duchenne’s dystrophy( Calf muscles M fatal by 20yo |Motor skill( Anterior horn cells |
|Myotonic dystrophy( AKA: steinberts Dz |Temperature sensation( lateral column |
|Beckers dystrophy | |
| |Chronic passive congestion of the liver is typically seen in |
|Fatty liver, edema, & atrophy of the small bowel are |which of the following conditions? |
|characteristic in which of the following? |Right heart failure |
|Kwashiorkor( protein deficiency |Myocardial infarction |
|Marasmus( protein & calorie deficiency |Hypertension |
|Riboflavin deficiency( B2 deficiency( cheilisos |Left heart failure |
|Pellagra( B3 deficiency | |
| |A starry sky appearance of lymphoid tissue is characteristic of |
|Pannus formation is characterized in the pathogensis of? |which lymphoma? |
|Rheumatic Fever( Strepthpyrogensis |Hodgkin’s |
|Gout( Uric acid crystals |Burkett’s |
|Osteoarthritis |Non-hodgkins |
|Rheumatoid arthritis |ALL |
| | |
|Which of the following conditions is characterized by the |Which of the following causes hypoxia w/out ischemia? |
|presence of a 45X Karyotype? |Thrombosis |
|Turner’s syndrome |Arterial compression |
|Downs syndrome( Trisomy 21 |Anemia |
|Edwards syndrome( Trisomy 18 |Embolism |
|Kleinfelter’s syndrome( 47XXY | |
| |Patchy consolidation of the lung is characteristic of? |
| |Bronchitis |
| |Emphysema |
| |Bronchial asthma |
| |Bronchopneumonia |
| | |
|Loss of braking skills, the lack of ability to stop forward |A patient presents w/headaches & a hard pulseless temporal artery|
|movement of the hand when reaching for something results from |which of the following is most likely the cause? |
|blockage of? |Giant cell arthritis |
|Cerebellum | |
|Medulla | |
|Cortex | |
|Brainstem |A young male from central Africa has a rapidly expanding mass in |
| |the area of the jaw ? |
|The disease most likely to cause secondary orohitis in a post |Keratocanthoma |
|puberty male is? |melanoma |
|Mesles |squamous cell carcinoma |
|Mumps |Burketts lymphoma |
|German measles | |
|Chicken pox |A pulmonary embolus most commonly originates in the? |
| |Upper extremity |
|Giant cell arthritis primarily affects the? |Lower extremity |
|Muscular arteries |Kidney |
|Temporal A. |Brain |
|Abdominal A. | |
|Occipital A. |Where would the initial symptoms of myasthenis gravis be observed|
| |Extraocular |
|The genetic defect of the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine|Calf |
|in the liver results in? |Thigh |
|Mental retardation |Arms |
|( prothrombin time | |
|agammaglobulinemia |Pitting edema is typically caused by which of the following ? |
|( SGPT |Nexyedema |
| |Hyperthyrodism |
|Which of the following tumors is comprised of 3 germ cell layers?|Congestive heart failure |
|Sarcoma |Cirrosis of liver |
|Myloma | |
|Teratoma |Which of the following conditions is probably present if upon |
|Lipoma |palpation the median groove of the prostate cannot be palpated? |
| |Prostatitis |
|Which of the following conditions is characterized by |Benign prostatic hypertrophy |
|calcification of the temporal artery? |Granulomatous prostate |
|Atherosclerosis |Prostate carcinoma |
|Arteriosclerosis | |
|Giant cell arthritis |Which of the following produces exudative lesions caused by |
| |mycobacterium tuberculosis & contains caseous? |
| |Ashcoff dodies |
|What is the mechanism by which the herpes stays in the body long |Ghon lesion |
|after the infection? |Brodies abcess |
|Compromise lymphocytes |Guanari bodies |
|Sequestering of the virus genome in the sensory neuron (CNV). | |
|Replicates in spleen & liver |Tuberculosis of the spine is AKA for? |
| |Potts Dz. |
| |Lymes dz. |
|Hyperglycemia, obesity, & osteopenia char. of? |Stills dz |
|Hyperaidosteronism |Ankylosing spondylitis |
|Hypercortisolism | |
|Hyperparathyroidism | |
|Diabetes melitis | |
|Which type of Dz. Is ankylosing spondylitis? |Which of the following is a localized area of tissue necrosis |
|Degenerative |resulting from an immunologically induced necrotizing vasculitis?|
|Autoimmune |Type 3 hypersensitivity |
|Infectious |Tuberculin reaction |
|Inflammatory |Serum sickness |
| |Anaplasia |
|Pyknosis is characterized by nuclear? | |
|Dissecration |Mature cells of atypical size, shape, & organization are |
|Condensation |characteristic of? |
|Fragmentation |Anaplasia |
|Dissolution |Dysplasia |
| |Metaplasia |
|Mask-like face, claw-like fingers, hypertension & fibrosis of the|Cancer |
|esophagus are characteristic of which of the following Dz.’s? | |
|Scleroderma |Subluxation of the lens, laxity of ligaments, & cystic medial |
|Systemic lupus |necrosis of the aorta are characteristic of which of the |
|Raynauds Dz. |following? |
|Rheumatoid |Alcaptoneria |
| |Marfan’s syndrome |
|What is a functional vasopastic disorder which affects small |Systemic lupus |
|arteries & arterioles of the extremities? |Von recklinghausen syndrome( Neudofibro metosis (Café o’ latté |
|Thromeophlebus |spots) |
|Raynaud’s Dz. | |
|Dyspenea |In most types of allergic injuries the immediate transient phase |
|Beurgers Dz |of vascular permeability is mediated by which of the following? |
| |Complement |
|Skip |Histamine |
| |Anafavatoxin |
| |The Hoffman factor |
| | |
| |Antibody synthesis is a primary function of? |
| |Monocytes |
|Which of the following is not characteristic of Horner’s |Neutrophils |
|syndrome? (I don’t know if this is right) |Basophils |
|Dyspenea |Plasma cells |
|Nirosis | |
|Ptosis |Epidural hemorrhage most likely results from laceration of which |
|Enophthalmus |of the following arteries? |
| |Internal carotid |
|A small cystic projection from a joint capsule or tendon sheath |Middle menigeal |
|usually on the wrist is called? |Middle cerebral |
|Ganglion |Superficial temporal |
|Epidermoid cyst | |
|Synovial sarcoma |Synovial thickening & secondary inflammation w/edema but no |
|Nodule |pannus formation is seen in which of the following? |
| |Gouth arthritis |
|Hemorrhage in the reticular formation of the brain is a likely |RA |
|result in? |TB arthritis |
|Blindness |Osteoarthritis( DJD |
|aphasia | |
|anosmia | |
|Coma | |
|Ischemic necrosis as a consequence of cardiac muscle damage is |Which of the following conditions may lead to megaloblastic |
|which type of necrosis? |anemia? |
|Enzymatic |Atrophic gastric mucosa |
|Caseous |( intrinsic factor |
|Lifidifaction |Hypertrophic gastric mucosa |
|Coagulation |( paneth cells |
| | |
|Which of the following causes localized edema and accompanies |Generalized muscle weakness, poor intestinal tonus, & resultant |
|filariasis? |bloating, heart abnormalities & weakness of respiratory muscles |
|( hydrostatic pressure |characterizes which of the following deficiencies? |
|( osmotic pressure |Chloride |
|( venous pressure |K |
|Lymphatic obstruction |Magnesium( 2nd best answer |
| |Calcium |
|Which joints are affected in Heberden’s nodes? | |
|Interphalangeal |The most common malignant tumor of the large intestine is? |
|Ankle |Cancroid |
|Knee |lymphoma |
|Intervertebrae |Adenocarcinoma |
| |Squamous cell carcinoma |
|NOTE( HeBru HAY | |
|Heberdens nodes( DIP joint |Coccidiomycosis most commonly affects which of the following |
|Boughards nodes( PIP joints |organs? |
|Haygards nodes( PIP joints |Skin |
|Haygards nodes( RA |Intestine |
|RA does not effect DIP joints |Lung |
| |Heart |
|Thrombosis & embolism of which of the following vessels can cause| |
|a transmural infarction of the small intestine? | |
|Inferior mesenteric artery | |
|Superior mesenteric artery | |
|Superior mesenteric vein | |
|Inferior mesenteric vein | |
| | |
|Which of the following Dz. Produces symptoms due primarily to | |
|demyelinization of peripheral motor nerve axons? | |
|Multiple sclerosis( CNS | |
|Post-infectious polyradiculitis | |
|Myasthenia glairs | |
|Amyotrophic lateral schlerosis | |
| | |
| | |
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