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Transition words body paragraph 1

While within-paragraph transitions serve the purpose of alerting readers of upcoming shifts in perspective or voice, between-paragraph transitions serve the unique purpose of alerting readers of upcoming shifts in argument or idea. Because one of the core rules of effective paragraph-writing is limiting each paragraph to only one controlling idea (see the Basic Paragraph Resource Center lesson), shifts in argument or idea only tend to happen between paragraphs within the academic essay. There are literally dozens of transition words to choose from when shifting focus from one idea to another. There are transition words that show cause and effect, contrast, similarity, emphasis, and even sequence. To give you a general idea of the options available to you, below are examples of just a few of those categories and word combinations: With so many available options, you may be wondering how you will ever be able to figure out which word or set of words would work best where. Guiding Questions While there are many approaches you could take, let's take a look at a few basic guiding questions you should be asking yourself as you look over your own essay and create your own between-paragraph transitions: What is the purpose of this paragraph? Is it to introduce, inform, persuade, address an opposing viewpoint, revisit or add emphasis to already discussed ideas? Does the idea I'm sharing in this paragraph relate to or support any other idea or argument shared within the essay up to this point? Does the idea I'm sharing in this paragraph present a different viewpoint or idea? Is the idea I'm sharing separate from or dependent uponother ideas being shared within the essay? Your answer to these four basic questions should help you more easily identify which categories of transition words might work best at the beginning of each of your paragraphs. A Couple Tips to Get Started Selecting proper transitions takes time and practice. To get you started on the right foot though, here are a couple tips to point you in the right direction: Your body paragraphs would likely benefit most from the Addition and Order transition word categories as they tend to string together related or culminating ideas or arguments Your concluding paragraph would likely benefit most from the Emphasis word category as one of its primary objectives is to revisit and re-emphasize major ideas presented in the essay To see the power of an appropriately-used transition in action, let's consider the following prompt question example. Imagine you were asked to write an essay based on the following prompt: Do you believe that people have a specific "calling" in life? Why or why not? A possible thesis statement (or answer to that prompt question) might be:: My spiritual study, secular study, and my own life experience has taught me that life callings tend to emerge not just once, but perhaps even multiple times, at crossway of spiritual gifts and need in the world. Based on the thesis statement above, how many body paragraphs do you think this essay will need to have? What controlling ideas (or arguments) might each body paragraph be engaging? Are these arguments in any way related to each other or building on each other? How might these body paragraphs benefit from transition words in the Addition or Order categories? In answering the questions above, you likely realized that three body paragraphs will be required in this essay based on its current thesis statement. One body paragraph will focus on "spiritual" findings, another on "secular," and then finally one supported by "personal experience." You also likely realized that the Addition transition word category cannot be applied to the first body paragraph as no arguments have been made yet that can be added to. This means that the first body paragraph would likely benefit most from a transition word selected from the Order category. An example of this in application might look like the following: Body Paragraph #1 Topic Sentence Above all, my spiritual study of the scriptures as well as the words of latter-day prophets have supported my belief that life callings emerge at the intersection of spiritual gifts and need in the world. What does the selection of the transitional phrase "above all" suggest about the controlling idea that will be discussed in this paragraph? What does it suggest about the ideas that will follow in subsequent paragraphs? To see more "between-paragraph" transition words in action, let's look at what the next body paragraph topic sentence might look like with the added benefit of transition words: Body Paragraph #2 Topic Sentence In addition to my spiritual study, my secular study of the "life calling" also supports this idea that life callings emerge again and again at the intersection of spiritual gifts and need in the world. What is the transitional phrase used in the topic sentence above? Which list is the transitional phrase "in addition" drawn from? What purpose does it serve in this paragraph? How does it add value? To really emphasize the value-add of between-paragraph transitions, let's look at one final body paragraph example: Body Paragraph #3 Topic Sentence Finally, my own life experience has taught me that the concept of the "life calling" truly does lie at the intersection of gifts and need in the world. What is the transitional phrase used in the topic sentence above? Which list is the transitional phrase "finally" drawn from? What purpose does it serve in this paragraph? How does it add value? As mentioned above, the category of transition words that would most benefit your concluding paragraph is Emphasis. Since one of the main purposes of the concluding paragraph is to revisit ideas shared within the essay, transition words that express emphasis would be a natural fit and value-add. To see the power of this addition, feel free to examine the example below: Concluding Paragraph Example Without a doubt, I have come to realize over the years that a life calling is so much more than simply acting on a single moment in time-- it is developing gifts and talents and constantly reassessing what value-add those gifts and talents can bring to the world at that particular moment. What transitional phrase is used in the above concluding paragraph topic sentence? How does the addition of "without a doubt" add emphasis to the conclusion? How does its addition help fulfill one of the concluding paragraph's primary purposes? Within-paragraph and between-paragraph transitions are truly the best ways to alert readers to upcoming changes in perspective and voice as well as argument or idea. As you write and then review your own writing, really try to consider which transition words would best help you create the most powerful and organized experience for your readers. Once you have completed the first draft of your paper, you will need to rewrite some of the introductory sentences at the beginning and the transition statements at the end of every paragraph. Transitions, which connect one idea to the next, may seem challenging at first, but they get easier once you consider the many possible methods for linking paragraphs together--even if they seem to be unrelated. Transition words and phrases can help your paper move along, smoothly gliding from one topic to the next. If you have trouble thinking of a way to connect your paragraphs, consider a few of these 100 top transitions as inspiration. The type of transition words or phrases you use depends on the category of transition you need, as explained below. Probably the most common type, additive transitions are those you use when you want to show that the current point is an addition to the previous one, notes Edusson, a website that provides students with essay-writing tips and advice. Put another way, additive transitions signal to the reader that you are adding to an idea and/or your ideas are similar, says Quizlet, an online teacher and student learning community. Some examples of additive transition words and phrases were compiled by Michigan State University writing lab. Follow each transition word or phrase with a comma: Indeed In the first place And Or Too Nor Further Moreover Furthermore In fact Let alone Alternatively As well (as this) What is more In addition (to this) Actually Much less On the other hand Either (neither) As a matter of fact Besides (this) To say nothing of Additionally Not to mention (this) Not only (this) but also (that) as well In all honesty To tell the truth An example of additive transitions used in a sentence would be: " In the first place, no 'burning' in the sense of combustion, as in the burning of wood, occurs in a volcano; moreover, volcanoes are not necessarily mountains; furthermore, the activity takes place not always at the summit but more commonly on the sides or flanks..." ? Fred Bullard, "Volcanoes in History, in Theory, in Eruption" In this and the examples of transitions in subsequent sections, the transition words or phrases are printed in italics to make them easier to find as you peruse the passages. Adversative transitions are used to signal conflict, contradiction, concession, and dismissal, says Michigan State University. Examples include: But However On the other hand In contrast While Whereas Conversely Even more Above all But even so Nevertheless Nonetheless Although Though However (And) still (And) yet Either way In either case (Or) at least Whichever happens Whatever happens In ether event An example of an adversative transition phrase used in a sentence would be: " On the other hand, professor Smith completely disagreed with the author's argument." Causal transitions--also called cause-and-effect transitions--show how certain circumstances or events were caused by other factors, says Academic Help. The website that offers assistance with academic writing adds: "They [causal transitions] make it easier for the reader to follow the logic of the arguments and clauses represented in paper." Examples include: Accordingly And so As a result Consequently For this reason Hence So Then Therefore Thus Granting (that) On the condition (that) In the event that As a result (of this) Because (of this) As a consequence In consequence So much (so) that For the purpose of With this intention With this in mind Under those circumstances That being the case Then An example of a causal transition used in a sentence would be: "The study of human chromosomes is in its infancy, and so it has only recently become possible to study the effect of environmental factors upon them." ? Rachel Carson, "Silent Spring" Sequential transitions express a numerical sequence, continuation, conclusion, digression, resumption, or summation, says Michigan State, which gives these examples: In the (first, second, third, etc.) place To begin with To start with Initially Secondly Next Subsequently Before Afterward After this To conclude with As a final point Last but not least To change the topic Incidentally By the way To get back to the point To resume Anyhow As was previously stated So In short Thus In sum Finally An example of a sequential transition would be: "We should teach that words are not the things to which they refer. We should teach that words are best understood as convenient tools for handling reality... Finally, we should teach widely that new words can and should be invented if the need arises." ?Karol Janicki, "Language Misconceived" In sum, use transition words and phrases judiciously to keep your paper moving, hold your readers' attention, and retain your audience until the final word.

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