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John's gospelGroup Bible studyquestions and notesIntroductionJohn's gospel is a most wonderful gift to the whole church. Over nearly 2000 years this gospel has brought many millions to faith, and deepened the faith of 100s of millions of others. It is an amazing gospel, so obviously inspired by the Holy Spirit. It is like a peice of clothing whose intricate patterns weave in and out of each other to give a picture. As you begin to pick up the many patterns and repeated themes in John, you will want to reread the gospel again and again, to see even greater meaning.This gospel is ideal to study with a group of people who have not yet become believers, as well as with those who want to be inspired again about the person and work of their Lord.These notes are designed primarily for those who would like to lead a group bible study on the gospel. There is resource for 23 group meetings. There will be much greater benefit if you can persuade the group to regard you not as the teacher with the answers, but as the person who asks the questions. People may prefer that you give them a talk or sermon on the passage. They may think that they do not have enough understanding to answer questions. None of these objections are true. However, I have provided notes in case no one can see what the answer is. The notes follow the order of the questions. But they are 'leader's notes', and should only be used if and when the group are stuck. It will take a few weeks for the group to settle down and understand the method of question and answers.If this is a new way of doing group bible study, please go to the end of these notes where I have given ideas about how to run a group bible study. Unless you are experienced as a leader, you would be wise to study this first.Feel free either to use the questions provided here, or to make up your own questions. If you are able to photocopy, feel free to copy the questions and the opening introduction to each chapter, to distribute to all the group members. I think it would be unhelpful to copy and distribute the leader’s notes. If someone wants to do deeper study, they can read these themselves from this blog.The first 18 verses of John's Gospel are covered at the end of chapter 12's study. I feel that it would be helpful for many groups to begin at 1 v 19, and pick up the themes of 1 v 1 - 18 later. 1 v 1 – 18 is one of the most profound passages of the New Testament, and will be better understood as you read through the gospel. So, I suggest that you explain this to your group, read it though as a group, and then move on to study in depth from 1 v 19.John 20 v 31- May you have a successful read together.John chapter 1Come and seeRead verses 1 – 18, and explain that you will study this at the end of chapter 12, when everyone will understand its significance better at that point.Read verses 19 - 28. John the Baptist had been preaching that people needed to get their lives right before God. In 1 v 23 his job was to get lives "straight" - meaning that people would be facing one direction - towards God. He also believed that God was sending someone special - and that somewhere in Israel, this person was already preparing to do God's work. In 1 v 27 we see that John had disciples or followers. Today we are going to see how his witness to Jesus was an important start to Jesus' ministry. We shall also ask ourselves how God can use us. 1 v 29 - 34. Find the words in this passage which will give the answer to these questions.Does John share doubts or faith? Do you think this is important?Where do you think John gets his information from?How much of his testimony is his personal experience?If you had been listening to John, what would you have concluded about the person of Jesus?Have you ever talked to someone who is not a Christian about your faith? What can we learn from this passage about the kind of things we can say, and the way we can say them?1 v 35 - 1 v 42.v35, 40 Who does John the Baptist speak to?What does he say to them? What can we learn from this?v38 Do you think the two were convinced about who Jesus was?v41 - 42 What does this new convert do?v39 What can we learn today from what Jesus said to them?What other lessons can we learn from the examples of witness?v42 If you had been Simon, what do you think you would have felt when Jesus said he would call you by a new name, Peter (Cephas)?1 v 43 - 51It begins with Jesus finding Philip. What does Philip then go and do?What is Nathanael's objection?How does Philip deal with his objection?How does Jesus deal with his objection? What does Jesus say?Why did Nathanael believe that Jesus must be the Son of God and King of Israel?How will Nathanael's faith be rewarded?(Jesus is referring to himself as the 'Son of Man')Encourage one another to pray for opportunities this week to witness to someone. Could you plan a special meeting for seekers to hear about the Christian faith? Or start an Alpha Course? Turn now to pray about these things.leaders notesQ1 Obviously, everything John says is full of faith. This is an important observation for us to make. Some people today argue that people will be more attracted to the Christian message if we share our doubts. Of course, we all have questions - things we do not understand, and John himself had doubts (e.g., Luke 7 v 18), but this testimony is quite clear! We can get our information from the scriptures, but apart from 1 v 29 - which thinks about the need for a sacrifice that will remove sins, most of what he says comes from personal conviction. 1 v 32 - 34 is particularly a personal testimony of what God had shown John. John's testimony is an example of a clear simple testimony. He points to Jesus, the need for sins to be removed, that he saw God's Holy Spirit come upon him, that he is the Son of God, and that Jesus will baptise with the Holy Spirit. He is bold and clear, and yet also humble (1 v 30). We can learn from this example. When we talk of Jesus we need only to say one or two things about him, but say them clearly. We need to speak about our personal experience, and yet to speak humbly. This is obviously the important part of the Bible Study. We need to encourage one another to be willing to talk to people about Jesus, and not to be afraid. Even if it is only a small beginning, encourage the group to invite a friend to an evening where you will talk about the Christian faith. If you have no ideas about what to do here is a suggestion.Q2John speaks only to two people, not a whole crowd! Most of us will get opportunities to share our faith with only one or two at a time. That seems to be the way that God works today. John says very very little! Sometimes that is all we need to do - e.g., 'There is a meeting about who Jesus Christ is. Will you come with me?' The two were prepared to say that Jesus was a teacher, but no more. We must allow for people to come to faith in stages. The first thing that Andrew does is to bring along his brother Simon. We should encourage one another to bring family or friends to special opportunities to present the Christian message. Simon must have felt that Jesus was personally interested him, and could see a potential in him - to have rock like faith. Q3This passage opens with Jesus calling Philip to be a follower, and Philip then going to witness to Nathanael. Nathanael's objection seems a strange one to us. He had probably just been praying (under a fig tree) that God would send the Messiah, but he was expecting that the person would be from Jerusalem or Bethlehem, not Galilee. It is a reasonable objection. Many people today have reasonable objections to the Christian faith, and we need to be ready to win them. Philip does this by saying "come and see", and make up your mind later. Jesus deals with his objection by affirming Nathanael's faith. He does not criticize him, or point out what Nathanael is lacking. We should not be surprised if someone says to us, that God spoke to them in a personal way. Rather we should pray that this will happen, in the same way that Jesus showed that he knew what Nathanael had been praying about - and where he was when he was praying. Nathanael's new faith will be rewarded by even greater understanding about how God is using Jesus. The quotation in 1 v 51 is from the story of Jacob who went through a spiritual crisis in Genesis 28 v 10 - 17. Jacob saw into heaven and God spoke to him about the future of his people. Note that Jesus uses a more humble title: Son of Man - meaning - just an ordinary human being like you! And yet, an ordinary human being whom God will make a gate to heaven. If you want to do further study on this, read the Genesis passage, and especially v 17 "house of God", and "gate to heaven", and follow this theme through John (2 v 13 - 21; 10 verses 1 - 10; 14 v 6)It is possible that your group will feel enthusiastic to witness after this first Bible study, and want to plan something where they can invite friends to "Come and see". At the end of this book is a suggestion of a special evening.John chapter 2 New for oldBoth stories fit together. The message of chapter 2 is really quite simple. Both the wedding and the purifying of the temple are 'signposts', pointing to the identity of Jesus as the giver of a new wine - gospel which will replace Judaism, and the giver of a new temple - his body, which will replace the temple. Here, Jesus is presenting his gospel as something new. The old must be replaced, it cannot be mended. The new gospel is to replace the old law. This chapter is an explanation of 1 v 17. 2 verses 1 - 11In 2 v 11 John says that the wedding miracle is a "sign". We know how helpful signposts can be. They point to a final destination, and the road which will take you there. As you read this story look at the simple signposting that is given (new for old) and where is the final destination (the death and resurrection of Jesus).The wedding has been making Jesus think about his mission. Let us look at the story as a picture of what Jesus came to the world to do. How many signposts can you find? Here is a list of possible signposts. Find the verses which are like signposts.The new gospel is like being invited to a wedding banquet.The old religion has run out, salvation is needed.Only the death of Jesus will give the salvation that is needed, but the hour of Jesus' death is still a long way away. Salvation is like water which we use to wash our hands. Only Jesus can wash us clean.The old religion can only offer 'water', whereas what Jesus has to offer is like new wine. (look also at Mark 2 v 22 where Jesus describes his gospel as new wine)In the new religion Jesus is the bridegroom. His gospel is the best.When we see the signposts, we too should put our faith in Jesus.2 verses 13 - 22This is also about new for old. Malachi 3 verses 1 - 4 & Zechariah 14 v 21 talk about the Messiah coming to purify his temple, and in Zechariah to clear it of traders. Probably by the time John wrote this gospel, the temple had been destroyed by the Roman Army in AD 70. It has never been rebuilt, though its western wall can still be visited in Jerusalem today.What did Jesus find wrong with the temple?What will he replace it by?Jesus is asked for a "sign" to show by what authority he had done this. The purifying of the temple was the sign. They just could not see it! He replies by setting them a riddle (a puzzle with words) which he knows they will not understand.What does the riddle of v19 mean? What did Jesus believe about who he was, and what his mission would involve (v21-22)?What does this story teach us about Church and worship? Is our worship more like the old temple or the new? Do we have a "zeal" like Jesus in v17?2 verses 23 - 25Did people begin to believe in Jesus because of miracles that he did, or because they began to understand what he stood for?Why did Jesus not rely on a popular following?It is easy to be tempted to give people a gospel that will be more popular than the true gospel (e.g., one that is not strict about morality). What lessons can we learn from John's comments?Leaders notesIn both stories Jesus looks forward to his death and resurrection (signposting the final destination). In the wedding story he refers to the "hour" of his death (this will be a recurring theme in the gospel - that's how we know what he means) and in the purifying story he refers to his resurrection.You need to encourage the group to see the simple message, and also to apply it to how we view and present the gospel and worship.Try to keep the message simple, and only use the following notes if the issues are raised. The Bible speaks of the gospel like a wedding banquet. Look at Isaiah 62 v 1 - 5, and Matthew 22 v 1 - 10. Purifying is mentioned in the second story. Jews kept water specially for ritual hand washing. In Mark 7 verses 1 - 2, Jesus is criticized for not observing this tradition with his disciples. He clearly sees this as 'old' tradition which no longer works - people are still unclean (Mark 7 v 14 - 15). In John 3 v 29 & Mark 2 v 19 John the Baptist and Jesus picture him as a bridegroom. So this wedding story sums up lots of Jesus' teaching elsewhere. Lots of signs.The purifying of the temple needs to be seen as a fulfilment of the Malachi passage about the coming of the Messiah. If the group gets confused ... yes there is a similar story in the other 3 gospels which occurs a week before Jesus dies. It is not necessarily the same story - Jesus is likely to have repeated his action when he went up for passover two years later. There are differences between the two events, suggesting they are similar actions of Jesus at different times. The emphasis in this visit is the "Zeal" which the disciples noted that Jesus had, and the word puzzle about the temple being restored. Interestingly, this was brought up at the trial of Jesus (Mark 14 v 58). A third theme which might be raised is that it all happens at Passover. Jesus saw himself as the fulfilment of passover, as did his disciples (1 v 29, 36). And of course, this will be the significance of Jesus death in 2 years time. You need not mention this now, as it will become a major theme later in the gospel.Finally, the comment about believing. Yes, people are beginning to believe in Jesus for the right reasons - they see the signs. But No, Jesus does not trust himself to a popular following. It's tempting. We will see another example of this, at Passover a year later (6 v 14 - 15). New for old. We need to encourage the group to think about the Church and the gospel. How can we avoid the Church and the gospel looking old? How can we present it as new wine? Is our experience of 'Church' sometimes more like the old temple? John chapter 3Spiritual birthThis is a chapter of basic teaching. It illustrates the first sign - water into wine. We had finished the story of the wedding in chapter 2 wondering in what way Jesus teaching was like 'wine'. Here is the answer. The teaching which Nicodemus was brought up with is like 'water', compared to the new 'wine' teaching that Jesus gives. It is so new, that even Nicodemus struggles to understand it. All his years of Bible study mean nothing. He needs a miracle in his own life, - a second birth. The same is true for us. Faith is more than believing the right things. Everyone needs a spiritual birth.3 v 1 - 2 What are we told about Nicodemus?Why do you think he came at night time?He is also coming from darkness into the light of Christ. What is said about this in v 19 - 21 and 1 v 5? In what ways is it helpful to think about finding faith in Jesus in terms of coming out of darkness into the light of Christ?3 v 2 - 3 Why is faith based on signs not enough (look back to 2 v 23)?This is a good reminder to us that when people seek faith, there is often something they still cannot understand. Is there anyone in the group who remembers before they came to faith, that there were things they could not believe?3 v 3 - 9Can you get to know God without his help?Can you become a believer without being "born from above" (v 3)?What does Jesus teach him about the Holy Spirit?3 v 11 - 15 Jesus refers to himself as 'Son of Man'. "Lifted up" refers to both his death and ascension. What does Jesus teach about his own role and work? 3 v 16 - 21 What does Jesus teach about the Father? If you are short of time, just read v 22 - 30 without comment and then move on to the next section.3 v 31 - 36What does John teach about the Spirit, the Son and the Father?Which of these truths (from v 3 - 21, 31 - 36) are most helpful for an enquirer to know?Leader's notesThis Bible study is dealing with simple but important truths about coming to faith. Everyone comes to faith in a different way. Some, like Nicodemus, have always believed in God. Nicodemus was devoted to God, he was a religious leader and teacher, he even believed that God was working signs through Jesus. But he was seriously lacking in more than one area. This study can be especially challenging to those who have been brought up in a Christian family, and have attended Church since birth. If someone tells you in the Bible study, that they, like Nicodemus, have not had a spiritual birth, then pray with them during the group time. Pray that they will receive a spiritual birth. The Holy Spirit will do the rest. Nicodemus may have come at night time, because he did not want people to know he was visiting Jesus. We need not be critical of him. This story will have come from Nicodemus. It is his testimony. Later in the gospel, Nicodemus speaks up in defence of Jesus (7 v 50), and he provided expensive spices for the dead body of Jesus (19 v 39). Nicodemus, like everyone coming to faith, is moving from the darkness of unbelief into the light of Christ. It may have been a gradual process. Nicodemus saw the signs (v 2), and yet did not understand them. Jesus gives him things to think about, as he talks about the Spirit, the Son and the Father. More importantly, Jesus shows that faith is not just what we believe, it is something which is given to us from the Spirit. This is so important a step, that Jesus describes it as a spiritual birth. Without this we shall be incomplete believers. Nicodemus could not understand this. Jesus has to explain that there are two births: water (of the womb)/ flesh, and Spirit. The rest of the teaching is quite Trinitarian. This chapter is full of basic teaching about God. In answer to question 7, in one sense everything is relevant. In another sense, people often grow in their understanding, accepting and understanding truths one step at a time. Encourage the group to choose perhaps two or three truths that they feel are especially important to them. v 14 "Lifted up" is based on the story in Numbers 21 v 4 - 5.It is possible that someone may raise a question as to whether or not they were "born again" when they were baptised. Anglicans can sometimes find the teaching of spiritual birth a problem. Anglicans believe in and practice the baptism of infants and children as an expression of their commitment as parents to bring up a Christian family. They teach that the baptism is a sign that the Holy Spirit has brought the infant to spiritual birth. They expect to see these children grow in their faith, to see evidence of this second birth. When we ask them: "Have you been born again?", the answer will be "Yes". And yet also the answer is "No". For many, there is still the need for a crisis of faith. There is the need for all of us to be challenged like Nicodemus. He needed a spiritual rebirth. All of us need to be born again. Lets be honest. If Nicodemus needed the Spirit, we also need to come to God through Christ, asking for the Spirit from above to change our lives. Some people make several steps of commitment in their journey of faith. In humility, all of us should be prepared to do that. You do not need to raise or discuss this matter in the Bible study - it will only use up the precious time that you have. You just need to be prepared, lest the question arises.John chapter 4Two people come to faithThis chapter shows how two people (and others) come to faith; a Samaritan and a royal official. In verses 3 - 4 we read that Jesus decides to return from Jerusalem to Galilee. He decides to return by the shortest route - through Samaria. The Jews had a long history of enmity with Samaria, which had once been part of Israel before being overthrown in 721BC by Assyria. The Samaritans only believed in the first five books of the Bible, and had built a rival temple to the Jerusalem temple (4 v 20). These two stories connect with some of the themes we have already discovered in our reading of the gospel. We shall study this chapter differently - through 3 themes. Best to read verses 1 - 42, then the questions on those verses. Finally verses 43 to the end.First, bridge building.In 1 v 51 Jesus says he is the fulfilment of Jacobs dream of the ladder (Genesis 28 v 12), a bridge between heaven and earth. 4 v 5 - 6 tells us that Jesus is now near this place where Jacob had his dream of bridge building.How many bridges did Jesus have to build to help this woman come to faith?v9 Why was she surprised?v15 Was she interested in spiritual things?v16 - 18 How was her life a barrier?v20How does she change the subject away from her immoral life?How is this an example to us to reach out to people with the gospel?Second, water of new life.In 3 v 5 Jesus said that we must be born of water and the spirit. Jesus offers spiritual water to the Samaritan woman.v10 In what ways is the gospel like "living water"?v11 - 14Is Jesus greater than Jacob?v23 - 24Water is also a symbol of the Spirit (1 v 33). How will this new water of life change her relationship with God?v28Why do you think she left her water jar? How does this remind us of 2 v 6-7?How thirsty for spiritual things have you been in the past? Are you still thirsty?Third, believing in Jesus.In 1 v 12 - 13 John tells us that this gift is open to all. We have three examples.The Samaritan womanv 19 Who does she think Jesus is?v 25 - 26Jesus reveals himself to herv 29How far have her beliefs changed?The Samaritan villagev 30, 39Why did they come out to see Jesus?v 40How interested were they?v 41 - 42Why did they believe?v 42What did they believe?v 31 - 38In what ways is the Church today as unconcerned about evangelism as the disciples were? What can we learn from this?The royal officialJesus has returned to Cana in Galilee. The official was probably on the staff of King Herod. He had servants. His home in Capernaum was over a day's journey from Cana.v 47How would you describe his faith?v 48Jesus speaks to the crowd. He accuses them of believing only when they see a miracle. How is Jesus testing the faith of the royal official?v 49 - 50 How does Jesus test his faith still further? How does the official disprove Jesus' accusation of v 48?v 51 - 53This is a 'sign' because the official believed in Jesus before the healing took place. What can we learn from this story about faith?Leaders notesYou may prefer to take two weeks over this chapter, Qs 1 & 2 first week, Q 3 second week. If not, leave half of your time for Q3.v9 Racial hatred. (also Jewish men did not talk to women who were strangers)v15 She can only think in terms of physical running water. Sometimes people are not capable of thinking beyond the practicalities of their life (house, food, work).v16 - 18 A Jew should not associate with a "sinner". She probably thought that she was beyond forgiveness, let alone redemption. She would have expected rejection and condemnation.v20She introduces one of the disagreements between Jews and Samaritans. She probably hoped that it would end in an argument. She could then return home with her prejudice against Jews confirmed. Sometimes we have to overcome other people's prejudices about Christianity; sometimes we also have to overcome our own prejudices about who the Lord wants to have in his kingdom.The Old Testament has several images of God's new life as water. E.g., Psalm 63 v 1, Isaiah 55 v 1. Water is so basic to our needs, - for life, refreshment, cleaning. Jesus fulfils all those needs, and more. He gives eternal life. The Samaritans were proud that their ancestor was Jacob. Jacob had dug this well, and it had been treasured for centuries. Jesus is greater than Jacob because he is a well of eternal life.v23 - 24We have already seen in 2 v 19 - 21 that Jesus intended to be the new temple. Worship will be transformed. No longer will people need a building; they will need merely to come with spiritual thirst and a commitment to the truth (i.e. Jesus; 14 v 6). These are the worshippers which the Father seeks! v28 is a small but significant detail. The water jar symbolises her old life (also makes us remember 2 v 7). She has left it behind with the jar as her witness illustrates.The coming to faith of the Samaritan woman is often held up as a model of evangelism. Jesus asks her for a drink, breaks down barriers, does not condemn her, avoids controversy, and responds to her real unspoken need for cleansing, a new start, eternal life. He patiently allows her to come to faith gradually - from scepticism to "prophet" to faith with doubts "Is he the Messiah?". The story develops with the villagers. They begin by listening to her testimony, seeing for themselves. They come to faith because of the teaching. They are so eager, they persuade Jesus to stay on 2 days. Their new found faith is clearly spoken: He is "the Saviour of the world".While this evangelism is going on, the disciples are focused on practical matters: food. The Church often finds a hundred reasons for not finding the time to do evangelism. A saying of Jesus' time was "After sowing, four months, then you can harvest". Jesus is contradicting this. He has just 'harvested' one individual. He is about to 'harvest' a village. No waiting! Jesus example and teaching here are a challenge we need to respond to.The official is so different to the Samaritan woman and her village, and yet he also expresses faith. He had enough faith to come and beg Jesus to heal his son. He was not angry or upset by Jesus' comments in v 48 about the shallowness of faith surrounding Jesus. Instead he persists in requesting Jesus' healing. His acceptance of Jesus words show remarkable faith, and it is no surprise that his household become believers even though Jesus had never visited the home and it could easily have been said that it was just a coincidence. Jesus does not heal everyone for whom we pray. But he does hear our prayers, and responds to faith. John chapter 5Jesus is on trialJohn deliberately omits several key stories in his gospel, and replaces them with important teaching. John does not tell us about the Jewish trials of Jesus after he was arrested (as in Matthew, Mark & Luke). But here we see Jesus on trial. It all began with a healing.5 verses 1 - 15How does John show us the compassion of Jesus?How long had the man been paralysed?What question does Jesus ask him?What does the man think his problem is?Note how 'water' has already played a significant part in each of the preceding 4 chapters. It is not water that he needs, but Jesus.What does Jesus say is the answer to his problem?Do the Jewish authorities rejoice that a man has been healed?Later, Jesus finds the man in the temple and reveals to him who he is. What does he warn him?This warning is to be a sign to the Jewish authorities who are in danger of bringing the judgement of God on themselves if they continue to reject Jesus.What is your attitude towards healing? Are you open to God healing people today, or do you believe that some people have been ill too long?5 verses 16 - 30How did the Jewish authorities treat Jesus? (v16, 18)What were the two accusations they wrongly made? (v18)Why did Jesus heal on the sabbath? (v17, 19)What two things has the Father given to Jesus? (v21, 22, 27)What three things does Jesus teach us about the judgement of God? 1. v 24, 292. v 25, 283. v 27, 30Does the 'Father' feature strongly enough in your relationship with God? Have you a healthy balance between the work of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit?What do you value about the sabbath? What can you learn from this passage?5 verses 31 - 45It begins with Jesus' defence - but ends with the Jewish authorities being the ones who are on trial!Who are the three witnesses that prove that Jesus is right?1. v 33 - 35. Look back also to 1 v 25 - 28, then 1 v 6 - 9, 15.2. v 36 . Look at Nicodemus in 3 v 2. This is a testimony from the Father (v37).3. v 39, 45 - 47. Look up Deuteronomy 18 v 14 - 22. Their problem can be summed up in their human nature to pride, rather than a spiritual openness to God's will (v 41 - 44)Do you also study the scriptures (v39)? How can you improve on this area of your life? What is most important when we read the Bible?Leader's notesThe compassion of Jesus is seen in the way in which he chooses to heal a man who has been paralysed for 38 years - and presumably had lost hope that he would ever walk again. He raises the man's dignity by asking him if he wants to be well. He treats him like an adult, not an invalid. The man thinks that his problem is getting into the water if and when there is a sudden disturbance of the water (signifying that God is at work in the water, giving healing). He would of course need someone's help, because if he did it himself he would drown. Jesus has nothing to do with the superstitious beliefs about the water of Bethesda. He is that life. Instead he commands the man to get up and take his bed back home with him. God has healed him.The Jewish authorities show a total lack of thanksgiving to God that this man has been healed. Instead, they accuse Jesus of disobeying the law about working on the sabbath. Neither the man, nor Jesus had actually broken that commandment. The Pharisees who desired to uphold the commandment had produced 39 rules about what you could not do on the sabbath. They were man-made rules, not God-given.Jesus warns the man about the future judgement of God. He, like all of us, will have to give an account of his life on the day of judgement. He, like all of us, will be put on trial. As the rest of the story unfolds, we shall see how Jesus warns the Jewish authorities that they too are on trial. The irony of this story is that it is not Jesus who is on trial – but everyone else!The prejudice of the Jewish authorities lead them first to persecute Jesus, and then desire to kill him. They wrongly accuse Jesus of breaking the sabbath laws and claiming to be equal with God. Ironically Jesus is equal to the Father, although he never claims that equality!Jesus healing on the sabbath is a sign. It is a sign that the Father is still working with his creation. It is a sign that he wants to give life and restore life. But Jesus can only do what the Father does. His authority and power to heal must come from the Father. That should be obvious to them (e.g., 3 v 2 Nicodemus reached that conclusion).The Father has given Jesus the power to give life (he restored the life of the paralysed man) and to judge on the day of judgement. The big question that will be asked is whether we have believed God's word (v24). We will cross death to life. Even the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God. Authority on the day of judgement has been given to Jesus.John the Baptist has given a clear witness about him. So has the work - including the healings - which Jesus had done. These are evidence that Jesus has been given authority by God. Only spiritual blindness can stop a person seeing that truth. The final witness is the very Moses whom they are arguing is their chief witness against Jesus. The Deuteronomy passage is quite clear. Jesus is the prophet Moses was speaking about.The fourth and fifth signs John 6 verses 1 - 24The first 24 verses we shall look at thematically, so read verses 1 - 24.1. Seeking Jesusv2 Why did the crowd follow Jesus?v14What conclusion were they coming to about who is Jesus? Look at Deuteronomy 18 v 15. v15What did they want to do ?Was Jesus happy about this?Why?v22 - 24A small number who remained behind after the boat had left are puzzled. Where is Jesus? Others come looking for Jesus. When they cannot find him or the disciples, what do they do?Do you think Jesus would have been pleased?Why do people seek Jesus today? Is it always for the right reasons? How can we help 'seekers' find the true Jesus?2. HungerHunger remains one of the most basic needs of the world in the 21st century. This story has much to teach us about it. Barley loaves and dried fish was food for the very poor.v5 Who was it that saw the need to provide food?What does this show us about the character of God?v7, 8In what way is Philip's response different from Andrew's?v10, 11What does Jesus do? What does this teach us?v12, 13What can we learn from the example of Jesus?This 'sign' also points to spiritual hunger, but we shall look at this in the second part of the chapter.3.Finding JesusThe disciples may have been disappointed that Jesus did not let the crowd make him King. Jesus has gone off to be alone to pray. They have been given instructions to go to Capernaum.v17 What do you think the disciples were feeling? Have you ever felt you were in 'darkness', unsure that Jesus knew where you were?v18What do you think the disciples felt when the wind blew and the waters were rough?Have you ever had a 'stormy' time in your life? How did it test your faith?v19It is Jesus who found them!What did they feel?v20Did Jesus know what they were feeling and thinking? Jesus said something similar in John 14 verse 27. What does this teach us?v21They took Jesus into the boat. What does this teach us?Leader's notesIdeally we would read the whole of this chapter, as it belongs together. But since there is so much significance in the two signs at the beginning, it is divided into two weeks. If you prefer to read it in one week, you will need to select only a few questions from the first part.This is the only chapter in John that is set in Galilee. Compared with Jerusalem, the Galilean people are poor - a good setting for a story about hunger.They followed Jesus because he healed the sick. They saw the 'signs', and after the miraculous feeding they come to the conclusion that Jesus is the "prophet" (Messiah) that Moses spoke of in Deuteronomy. However, they are wrong in wanting to make Jesus King, because this would lead to overthrowing both Herod and the Romans. This was not Jesus' mission. Some remain behind, and the next day seek to find Jesus. Jesus would have been pleased that they were still seeking him, but not pleased if it is because they want to make him King. In the next Bible study we shall see how Jesus leads them in the right direction.It reminds us that 'seekers' today also get it wrong. People seek Jesus for all sorts of wrong reasons (e.g., to be blessed with wealth). We need to be patient with them, and guide them to become true disciples.It is Jesus who thought about their need for food. God does care about such things, and so Christians should also care. We give thanks for the many 'aid agencies' throughout the world that seek to provide food and water especially in times of famine, earthquakes and flooding. They do God's good work. Sometimes we are like Philip. He could only think about how impossibly large is the need. Where would they get the money? We need to be like Andrew who brought the boy to Jesus. The barley loaves were very cheap bread, and the dried fish also very basic. God, like Jesus, accepts the little we have to give. Jesus' gives thanks to God for that little gift. Lastly we learn from him not to waste food. The Western culture needs to learn from this. It is very wasteful.John gives us this story because it is a lesson about faith. The disciples probably began with disappointment. Then ,uncertainty: ‘Where was Jesus?’ The storm reminds us of the storms we often go through when things are difficult. They had rowed all night and only achieved about 3 miles in distance. Whereas, once Jesus gets into the boat, they soon arrive. The 'storms' of life are often times when our faith is tested. But it is Jesus who finds them. At first they are terrified, but Jesus knows and says "It is I". Jesus said his words about "peace" in 14 v 27, when they were only hours away from the 'storm' of his arrest and crucifixion. Both stories are about finding peace and faith in the 'storm', not about calming the 'storm'. John 6 v 25 - 71Spiritual hungerThe 'signs'v 25 - 42v25 - 27What had the people failed to see the previous day?What should the miracle feeding have taught them about Jesus?v28 - 34Is what God requires of us, difficult or easy?What do they demand of Jesus before they will believe in him?In what way is v 33 a good summary of who Jesus is, and what is his mission?v35 - 40How many things does Jesus tell us about himself?The claim "I am the bread of life" is the first of 7 "I am .." claims in this gospel. This follows on from teaching in John 1 v 1 - 18, especially v4 "life", and v 10 - 11 that people would find it difficult to receive Jesus.v42 Why did some find it difficult to believe Jesus?Is it easy or difficult to believe that Jesus is who he claimed to be?The 'signs' of the Eucharist v 41 - 59John deliberately does not give us the story of the Last Supper and the words "This is my body ..." in his gospel. Instead, he gives us teaching about the meaning and significance of the eucharistic meal."Draw near with faith ..."v44 - 45Who is invited?"This is the word of the Lord"v45 - 48In what sense must we come to a service of Holy Communion spiritually hungry?"This is my body ..." v51What 3 things does Jesus tell us about the significance of the bread?"This is my blood ..."v53 - 56What 3 things does Jesus tell us about the significance of his blood?What do you think he means by "real food" and "real drink"? (answer is in v 56)Is it possible to come to a Holy Communion Service and miss the 'signs'?What can we learn from this passage about how best to prepare ourselves for the service?Do you believe the sign? v 60 - 71Now read 1 v 10 - 13, 18. How do these verses relate to each other?v66 - 7What happens to his disciples?v64, 65, 70Is Jesus surprised?v68 - 69What example does Simon Peter give us?v62 - 63What is more important than proof of Jesus' divinity?What do you believe about Christ? Are you similar to, or different from, the disciples?Leader's notesThe 'signs'.People had failed to see that if Jesus could satisfy a physical hunger, that he could also satisfy a spiritual hunger. God had miraculously shown that Jesus had his approval. They should seek from him the spiritual food that has eternal significance.The question in v 28 is a good one, but the answer Jesus gives in v 29 is too easy for their minds. The same is as true today. People sometimes look for a religion where we have to work hard and achieve our own salvation. To say that all we need to do is to put our faith in Jesus, seems too simple! v 30 is astonishing. The previous day they had seen a miracle equalling the miracle of the giving of manna in the wilderness (Exodus 16). They had failed to see the connection. Jesus uses their mistake to point them away from Moses, to ask of God for the heavenly bread that will give then spiritual life. That bread is Jesus. v 34 is at last the question Jesus has been waiting to be asked.The teaching in v 35 - 40 is amazing! It is summed up well in the claim "I am the bread of life". This is the first of 7 claims John records for us (paralleled by the 7 'signs'). When Christians worship Jesus as the second person of the Trinity, we can see that it is not an exaggerated claim. We have not included a separate study of the first 18 verses of chapter 1, so use this opportunity to see how this chapter illustrates some of that teaching. Some people find the divinity of Jesus a stumbling block. Like the people in v 41 they prefer to see only a human Jesus, who had human parents. If we insist only in seeing the human Jesus, we will fail to see the signs.The 'signs' of the Eucharist The story and the teaching are deliberately intended to help us see the significance of the last supper. In 6 v 4 John tells us that it was the time of the 'passover' (the last supper was a passover meal). Also in v 11, the Greek word that Jesus used is the one from which we get the English word "Eucharist", meaning 'to give thanks'. It is just as easy today to come to a Holy Communion Service and miss the true significance, as it was for the people at the feeding of the 5000 to have missed the spiritual "sign" that it was pointing to.When we hear the words "Draw near with faith ..." we should hear them as if it is the Father who is speaking them to us - as taught in v 44 - 46. We must come to the service spiritually hungry, wanting to be taught by God, to listen to the teaching, confirm our belief in who Jesus is (as in the creed). This is one of the most important 'signs' of the Holy Communion service. When we eat the bread, it is a sign that we have already come and listened to the scriptures.The bread is a sign that Jesus is "living" today through the spiritual teaching we listen to. The gospel brings us to eternal life. The way this is achieved is through his "flesh" - that we died on the cross. Of course, when he spoke these words, the cross had yet to happen. But we are left in no doubt as to its significance when it does happen. When we eat the communion bread, we remember his death for us.The wine is not mentioned here. (In chapter 2 wine is a sign. Also, it will be hinted at in chapter 15.) But the words "This is my blood ..." are given full meaning. First, it reminds us of the significance of Jesus' death, - the 'blood of the new covenant'. Without the sacrifice of his blood, we have no salvation, "no life" (v 53). It also points to eternal life, - our future resurrection, and to Jesus coming to live in us. By the words "real food" and "real drink" are inviting us to receive the body and blood as real spiritual food and drink. This is our act of faith. Through it we have assurance of salvation, and Jesus remains with us and in us. Do you believe the sign? Again, the words of chapter 1 are illustrated in chapter 6. Some would reject Jesus, some would believe. Jesus is clearly revealed as coming from the Father. They must make a decision. It was as hard for the disciples as others. They wished for a Messiah to overthrow Herod and the Romans (as in v 15). Jesus is not taken by surprise that some will desert him and one will betray him (e.g., 3 v 18). Signs are meant to bring people to a crisis of faith. Will they believe who Jesus is, and follow him? Peter's words show us how we can respond to Jesus. Where else could we find the way of salvation? Jesus is God's Messiah, his teaching will lead to eternal life.Even if they could see Jesus in the heavens, the more important thing is to focus on the spiritual. The Spirit gives life. If we receive the Spirit we will receive life, and thus will know that Jesus is from God.John 7Feast of TabernaclesMost of the gospel is written around the various Jewish feasts. The feast of tabernacles is held around the end of September or beginning of October. It is a harvest festival, and they pray for rain. Their rainy season was in the cool season. They remember the time in the wilderness when the Hebrews, released from slavery in Egypt, prepared to enter the promised land. They lived in temporary shelters made from branches of trees; hence "tabernacles".Jesus will die, but the time must be God's timev1 - 9v1Why did Jesus wander around Galilee?v3What did Jesus' brothers want Jesus to do?v6 - 8Why were they wrong? - Think also back to 6 v 14 - 15What lessons can we draw about finding out from the Lord the right time for us to carry out his will?Jesus is differentv10 - 24v12, v15, v20What three questions are people asking about Jesus?v13Why are the people unable to discuss who Jesus is?v16 - 18How is Jesus different from other teachers?v21 - 23Jesus is thinking back to the miracle in 5 v 5 - 10. How does Jesus prove that they are unjust and blind in their criticism of the healing on the sabbath?What lessons can we draw about how we should teach or pass on our faith to the young in faith in our churches?Is Jesus the Christ?v25 - 36v25 - 27, 31, 36What three questions are people thinking about Jesus?v28 - 29What is more important than knowing that Jesus comes from Galilee?v32 - 34What does this discussion about Jesus as the miracle worker make the authorities do?How is Jesus different from other teachers?I am the living waterv 37 - 39v37 - 39Jesus is thinking about how the Christ has come to bring salvation. How does Jesus demonstrate that he is the Christ?What does "living water" symbolize? (Also look up John 4 v 10-15; Isaiah 12 v3; Zecharaiah 14 v8; Revelation 7 v16; 21 v6)Have you thirst for him as the "living water"? Are you eager to see the Holy Spirit flow out from your life?Invite Jesus into your life now.Is Jesus the Christ?v 40 - 52v40 - 43What different conclusions do people come to about Jesus?v44 - 46What different conclusions do the temple guards come to about Jesus?v47- 52What different conclusions do the authorities come to about Jesus?What conclusions have you come to about Jesus? Leader's notesThe Greek word for "walked" in v 1 makes us think of the wanderings of the Hebrews in the wilderness. For Jesus, his entry into the promised land will be his "time" of death, by which he wins eternal life for his people. He knows that the Jewish authorities want to kill him, so he refuses to go up with his brothers, who do not fully believe in him. They would want to see Jesus perform many new miracles, and make the people crown Jesus as King (see 6 v 14 - 15). This is wrong. Also it would force the Jewish authorities to stop Jesus. It would bring forward the crucifixion. This is not God's time (see also v30). There are lessons here for people involved in decision making. Knowing God's will is essential, but so also is knowing God's timing. Sometimes we ought to delay. Sometimes, like Jesus in v14, we ought to delay no longer. 1. Is Jesus deceiving people, or is he a "good man"?The people were not free to discuss this question, because the authorities had already decided against Jesus. They would be in danger.2. Where does Jesus get his teaching knowledge from?Jesus does not claim to be a great teacher, like other Rabbis. Instead, he gives all the glory to God. His inspiration is from above. 3. Is Jesus demon possessed?Jesus has accused them of not keeping the law of Moses. There is no desire for repentance, instead they attack Jesus with the worst of accusations. Instead of rejoicing in the healing of a man who had been invalid for 38 years, they find fault with Jesus. Jesus shows how wrong their thinking is by reminding them that they perform circumcision on the sabbath. Circumcision makes the "whole man" acceptable to God . The healing made an invalid a "whole man". There are lessons here for teachers and parents. 1. We should encourage open discussion about the faith. 2. All our teaching should be inspired from above, and not draw attention to ourselves as human teachers. 3. We should be very slow to criticize others. God often brings about his work in fresh ways.Three more questions.1. In contrast to the situation in v13, there is now some discussion as to whether or not Jesus is the Christ. But they are focussed on his Galilee home (they expect the Messiah to come from Bethlehem) rather than on his heavenly calling, evident by his inspired teaching. 2. Talk of more miracles immediately makes the authorities desire to kill Jesus. But Jesus is not worried about his death. He looks beyond it, knowing that he has a promised land which he is entering ahead of everyone. He is more than a teacher; his real home is heavenly.3. The authorities misunderstand his words, and think he is talking about escaping from them. As we shall see, Jesus does escape, but he will return for the "hour" of his death at the right time. The last day of the festival is significant. Everyone goes home. They long for the day when the Messiah will come. The daily water ceremony, - when water is carried from the pool of Siloam to be poured out on the temple floor is ended. This is the day that Jesus chooses to stand up and declare that he is the fulfilment. He is the "living water" prophesied by Isaiah, Ezekiel (in chapter 47), and Zechariah. In these words, Jesus speaks to us today of being our saviour, giving us life, eternal life, and the Holy Spirit. This could be an important step for individuals in your group, to invite Jesus into their lives. Be prepared to close the Bible study at this point, and read the rest of the chapter the next week. Alternatively, plan to read verses 40 - 52 with verses 25 - 35 (they share the same title and theme), and finish the Bible study with verses 35 - 37.The people are divided. Some say Jesus is the Christ. Others are bothered about his Galilee roots. The guards are undecided, which is why they did not arrest him.The authorities are convinced that Jesus is deceiving people, except for Nicodemus, who wants a fair trial. But he is a lone voice. The chapter ends with a question: has a prophet ever come from Galilee? They think they know the answer. In their prejudice they have forgotten that the prophet Jonah came from just north of Nazareth! (2 Kings 14 v 25; Jonah 1 v 1).John 8light, sin and truthChapters 8 and 9 take up the theme of Jesus as the light of the world. Those who oppose him think they are in God's light, but we see them move into the darkness of unbelief and evil.v1 - 11light on a sinThis story in not included in the earliest manuscripts of the gospel. But its theme does fit with the rest of the chapter.v6Why did the Pharisees catch the woman and bring her to Jesus?What did Jesus do and say?What did he say to the woman?How does Jesus distinguish between sin and the sinner?Should we do the same?v12 - 20light on JesusWhat does Jesus claim to be?Why is Jesus confident that he is right?How does he show that they are in the wrong?v21 - 30light on sinHow many times does Jesus tell them that they will die in their sins?Why will they die?In what ways is Jesus confident about his future?What light does Jesus shed on God and God's purpose for his life?How do people respond to his teaching?v31 - 47light is truthHow many times does John tell us that the truth can set them free?What truth do they need to see about themselves?What truth do they need to see about Jesus and Abraham?What truth do they need to see about whose Father they are?v48 - 58light on Jesus What does Jesus claim to be?Why is Jesus confident that he is right?How do the Jewish authorities show that they are in the wrong?On what parts of your life does Jesus need to shine his light?Has your faith in Jesus grown as you have read this chapter?What truths do you need to understand and believe?Leader's notesThe chapter began with a desire to stone a woman to death. It ends with a desire to stone Jesus to death. It began with lies and hypocrisy. It ends also with lies and the hypocrisy. The desire to kill Jesus and the adulteress shows up the sin in their hearts. They oppose the truth and tell lies about Jesus.The Pharisees wanted to trap Jesus. It was hypocritical. They were accusing her, but not the man. Whatever Jesus would say would entrap him. If he condemned her they could take him to the Romans (only Romans had the authority to stone someone to death). If he was merciful or if he said nothing, they could say he was a bad teacher. We do not know what Jesus wrote in the sand - but it presumably was accusation of their own sin. And none of them was without sin. Jesus tells the woman to stop sinning, he does not condemn her. Christians too, can hate the sin, but love the sinner.This is one of the most important claims Jesus made about himself, although many of his hearers did not understand it. Jesus is confident because of his special relationship with Father God. They are clearly in the wrong because they know nothing about the mind and heart of God.3 times Jesus warns them that they are in mortal danger. Because they want to kill him, and refuse to believe that Jesus is the light of the world, sent from above. Jesus speaks with complete confidence because his real home is heavenly, and he does only what pleases the Father. He knows that they will succeed in killing him, but it will be like the serpent in the wilderness "lifted up" (3v14), - to bring salvation. Many put their faith in Jesus.Again 3 times the phrase is repeated. They need to be set free from sin. Jesus' accusers need to see that Jesus only speaks truth. Abraham would never oppose God's truth. Their Father is neither Abraham nor God but the devil. This is evident because the devil is the Father of lies and the inspirer of murder. If they could see this simple truth (like the woman caught in adultery) that truth could set them free.In the clearest statement so far, Jesus claims to have been alive before Abraham. His confidence springs from his relationship with his heavenly Father. This gives him confidence that belief in his "word" will result in "the light of life" (8v12), not death for the believer. They show they are in the wrong by falsely accusing Jesus of being a Samaritan (not a Jew) and demon possessed. John 9The 6th sign: the blind see, the seeing become blindIn 9 v 5, and 8 v 12we read that Jesus is the light of the world. Those who follow will have light. This miracle is a 'sign' that when Jesus came those who knew that they were spiritually blind would see. Also, that those who thought they had spiritual sight were in fact spiritually blind. The story begins with the disciples asking the wrong question - assuming that the man's blindness was a punishment for sin (v2). It will end in the same way, - v 39 - 41, with the leaders blind to their own sin.This story has a lot to teach us about how people come to faith, and a warning about how you can lose your faith.First read the story and watch the progress towards spiritual sight.v6 - 7What does Jesus say to him? The man obeys by faith.What does the man answer each time the miracle is discussed?In what ways does his spiritual sight grow from v 16?v9first confession - but no reference to Jesusv11 - 12second confession - but Jesus is only a "man". He does not know where Jesus isv15third confession - but no reference to Jesusv16 - 17fourth confession - "he is a prophet"v24 - 25fifth confession - does not know if Jesus is a sinnerv26 - 27sixth confession - "you are not listening"v35 - 38seventh confession - "I believe", worships.The word "To see" occurs 11 times, and "eyes", 10 times!Were you like the blind man, coming to faith gradually?Can you now say "once I was blind, now I can see"?How do our children and young people come to faith?Now read the story again; this time watching the progress of spiritual blindness. In what ways are the people who ask questions about the miracle spiritually blind?Look at these 7 steps towards spiritual blindness. In what ways are they statements of unbelief? In what ways do these statements of unbelief lead them to become more spiritually blind?First step to blindnessv8 - 9they are blind to a miraclev12 - 13they take him not to Jesus, but to the PhariseesSecond step to blindnessv16He breaks the sabbath lawThird step to blindnessv18they are blind to a miracleFourth step to blindnessv19they refuse to accept the factsv22they decide to expel believers from the synagogueFifth step to blindnessv24"we know he is a sinner"v28They curse the man, they are not disciples of Jesus.Sixth step to blindnessv29They are only disciples of Moses v30, 32They ignore the 'sign' that this miracle is the first time that sight is givenv34They cannot be taught by a sinnerSeventh step to blindnessv40 - 41They are blind to their blindness!The word "Blind" occurs 13 times!Are you like the man who was blind and can now see? Or are you like the others who think they can see, but are becoming blind?How can we tell if someone is a 'seeker' (like the man born blind) or 'blind' (like the pharisees)?v22, 28 What is the cost of becoming a disciple today?Leader's notesWe have set out the Bible study differently. You will need to encourage the group to make their own comments as you go through the chapter with the twin themes. But you can leave plenty of time to discuss the application questions at the end.9 v 1 This is wrong, because the disciples (like the leaders in v 34) assume that his blindness was proof of his sin. Instead, in v 2 Jesus directs their thinking towards what will be a sign. In Psalm 146 v 8, Isaiah 29 v 18 and Isaiah 42 v 7, to 'open' eyes that are blind is both the work of God and a sign of that the Messiah has come. That does not mean that he was born blind so that Jesus could do a miracle! It means that the disciples should be thinking about the needs of the blind man and how Jesus can set him free. The leaders make the same error in v 30 and 32. There are no examples in the Old Testament of sight being given to the blind. If ever proof was needed that Jesus was the Messiah, they had one!This is a good story for discussing how people come to faith. Ask the group to reflect on their own journey. Was it sudden, or gradual? Is it like slowly gaining insight? But at some stage we come to saying "I believe" (v38). How can we help people grow in their faith? Some people in your group may identify themselves with the man born blind. They are on a journey of faith, but have not reached the final destination of v38. Hopefully no-one will be like those who are critical of Jesus and blind to the evil in their own lives. But if they are, they can be challenged to change.When we stand for the truth, we should expect trouble (as in v 22, 28). This is an opportunity for people in the group to share how costly they find it to be a disciple (e.g., loss of job, promotion, friends. Lastly they can reflect on how we can tell if someone is becoming hard hearted, or is opening to the gospel. This should become a matter of prayer, rather than just letting it happen.John 10 The gate and the shepherdThe story of the blind man continues. Not only were the leaders "blind" (9 v 40 - 41), but they are leaders who have failed not only the man born blind, but all their people. God's plan is to replace their leadership with that of Jesus. As Jesus spoke they would have recognised the teaching of Ezekiel 34. Read verses 1 - 10 and verses 20 - 21. Then read John 10 verses 1 - 21. Can you see how Jesus was the fulfilment of the prophecy of Ezekiel?v1 - 6How can you tell the difference between the shepherd and thieves?v1 the thief ....... ............................... v2 The shepherd .................................................. v3-4 the shepherd .............................. v5 The stranger ................................................... In what ways is Jesus like the Shepherd?What do these verses tell us about who Jesus is?What do these verses tell us about false religions?v7 - 10How can you tell the difference between the gate and the thieves?v8 the thieves...................................... v9 the gate ....................................................... v10 the gate ......................................... v10 the thieves ................................................ In what way is Jesus also like a 'gate'? What do these verses tell us about who Jesus is?What do they tell us about our salvation?What do these verses tell us about false religions?v11 - 18How can you tell the difference between the good shepherd and hired hands?v11 the good shepherd ......................... v12 the hired hand ...................................... v13 the hired hand ............................... v14 the good shepherd ...............................What things do we learn that show us that Jesus must be the good Shepherd?v15 ....................................................... v16 ..............................................................v17 ........................................................ v18 ..............................................................In what way is Jesus like a 'good shepherd'?What do these verses tell us about who Jesus is?What do they tell us about our salvation?What do these verses tell us about false religions?v19 - 21We see how some people (like sheep) are listening to the voice of the shepherd, while others are not. Are you listening?v 22 - 24The Feast of Dedication celebrated the rededication of the temple after the desecration by Antiochus Epiphanes in 167BC, when he sacrificed pigs to the God Zeus. Jesus is like the excellent leader - Judas Maccabaeus who in 164BC led a successful revolt against Antiochus and restored the temple. Jesus is the true successor of Judas Maccabaeus. But Jesus is not willing to answer their questions in their terms, because he has a different understanding of what it means to be "The Christ".v 25 - 29How can you tell the difference between the sheep and others?v25 others ................................................. v27 the sheep ..................................................What two things does he say about the sheep?v 30 - 33What does Jesus claim about himself? v 34- 42The chapter ends with examples of people hearing the voice of the good shepherd and believing in him. How can we present Jesus as a shepherd and gate in our own culture today?Leader's notesHere are the 3rd and 4th of the 7 "I Am" claims of Jesus. Jesus gives his teaching rather like the parables of the other 3 gospels. The message is clear to us. The present leadership of the Jews, together with the past leadership have failed the people. This is why God has sent Jesus into the world. He will replace the leaders, even the pharisees (like the gate) and the priests (like the shepherds, whose sacrifices will be replaced by the self sacrifice of Jesus).The whole chapter gives us further understanding about the meaning of Jesus' death and passion (along with the temple incident in chapter 2, and the teaching about passover in chapter 6). Unlike thieves, the real shepherd is known by the watchman, and enters only through the gate. God is like the watchman. He knows the difference. Also the sheep recognise the voice of the shepherd (like the man born blind recognised Jesus). v3 the shepherd calls. It is the same Greek word from which we get the word "ecclesia" meaning "the church" / "called out". Jesus is also the gate. Salvation is only through him, and his purpose is to bring life. Ezekiel 34 makes this clear. It is clear that Jesus is the real shepherd because he willingly gives up his life for the sheep. Also he is searching for other lost sheep, to bring them into his flock. That is why the Father loves Jesus.In our own nation and culture we should apply this picture by proclaiming the Jesus is both the 'gate' for salvation (- all other religions and philosophies are like the thieves), and the shepherd, whose purpose is to provide pasture (full life, now), and who makes this possible by dying for us. If people will open their ears, they will hear his voice calling them to belong to his flock.v 25 - end. It is clear that they do not belong to Jesus, because they reject the miracles which God does through him. They do not believe, they do not listen to the voice, and they have nothing to give the sheep - unlike the good shepherd who will give them life and protect them.Jesus claims to be one with the Father. That is blasphemy. It is similar to 8 v 58.Jesus does not want to be arrested and stoned for blasphemy. The time is not right. So he uses scripture to justify his language. At the same time his claims are amazing. We should encourage people today to make up their minds about Jesus by judging what Jesus does (v37 & 38). Is it of God?John 11Resurrection faithJohn 10 was like a mirror of the death of Jesus. He knew that the good shepherd must die in order to be the door by which the sheep could enter to receive eternal life. In John 11 we have a mirror of the resurrection of Jesus.11 verses 1 - 16calm in crisisLike the storm on the Lake (6 v 16 - 21), there is a crisis. It is a mirror of the crisis that will surround Jesus' arrest.In what ways are the disciples anxious? v 8v 12 v 16In what ways does Jesus show that he knows God is in control? v 4v 6v 7 In what ways does Jesus show that God is guiding him? v 9 - 10v 11v 14 - 15How do you cope in crisis? Do you panic? Do you become anxious? Or do you believe that God is in control? Do you sense God guiding you?11 verses 17 - 27Martha's faithThe four days underlines the fact that Lazarus was dead, and not just sleepingHow does Martha reveal that she has great faith? v 21 - 22v 24v 27What does Jesus reveal about himself? v 25 - 26Do you believe in the resurrection of the dead?11 verses 28 - 35 Mary's faithv32How does Mary reveal that she also has faith? v35 - 36What do we learn about Jesus? - also look back at v 3, 11"Bethany" means literally "House of suffering". Do you believe that Jesus suffers with you?11 verses 38 - 44 Jesus' faithHow does Jesus' reveal his faith? v 39v 40v 41 - 42v 43v44Do you have any "grave clothes" (fear of death) that you need releasing from?11 verses 45 - 57 lack of faithHow do the Jewish leaders show lack of faith? (v 46, 48, 50, 53, 57)Have you ever had to stand up for Jesus? (like those in v 47)Leader's notesThe disciples are anxious about returning to Jerusalem. Last time, Jesus escaped from a stoning to death. Thomas thinks it is like 'suicide' - they will all end up dying!Jesus believes that God will not allow this sickness to end in Lazarus' death. He remains two days instead of hurrying to Bethany. The timing of his return is God's timing. He has obviously been praying , and receiving the guiding light to know what to do and when to do it, rather than panicking, like stumbling in the dark. He even knows that Lazarus had died, even though no one has told him.This story raises questions for our faith. Do we act like the disciples, or do we seek guidance, and put our faith and trust in God? As the story progresses, we will be reminded of this question again.Martha is not being critical of Jesus. She is expressing her faith that Jesus can heal, and that God can do anything through him. She is probably not thinking about Lazarus coming back from the grave, but is believing in God's love, compassion and power. She is also strong in her hope in the 'resurrection of the dead'. Her confession of faith in Jesus is one of those special confessions we see in John's gospel (e.g., 1 v 49; 4 v 42, 9 v 38). This is one of the key scriptures behind our creed - that we believe that the dead will be raised by Christ. But many Christians are doubtful. This is a good opportunity to raise the question in your group. Be prepared to encourage a doubter, and build up their hope in Christ.Mary also has faith, though her words and actions are more distressed than her sister. She expresses what many people do at death: - 'If only ............... then the person may not have died'. That gap might be 'hospital' or 'doctor' or having found the person much earlier, when there was more time to deal with illness. Here we also have a great truth, that when we suffer, Christ weeps with us. We do not easily understand why God does not bring an end to all suffering. But we do read here that he 'enters' into that suffering. He suffers with us. This is another truth that marks Christianity out as very different from other religions.There are four words that show how Jesus has also put his hope in God. He will need the same faith when he submits himself to crucifixion. The name "Lazarus" means "put your hope in God". That is the message for all of us in this story. But often we have 'grave clothes' that need to be taken away. Some in the group may feel they need healing; perhaps for the death of a loved one for whom they still feel troubled. Perhaps they felt unforgiven, or in need of telling the person that they loved them.We should be prepared, if necessary, to end the Bible study at this point and pray with the people who have shared about their 'grave clothes'.They should have been rejoicing that Lazarus was well. Instead they fear that the Romans will think that Jesus is a rebel, and that this will lead to further oppression. Caiaphas does not realise how his words will be misunderstood in centuries to come. It is another example of irony in this gospel. Yes, it is better that Jesus' dies. His death will bring salvation! The plotting to kill Jesus shows beyond doubt that their faith in God has been replaced by inspiration from the devil (8 v 44). It is at times of accusation and persecution that we can show that we are willing to 'stand up for Jesus'.John 12 v 1 - 43Burial and Glory12 v 1 "Six days" makes us think about how Jesus' death will be that perfect completion of God's plan - the 7th day. This chapter marks the close of the first half of the gospel, when all the major truths about Jesus' coming (chapter 1 - 9), death (chapter 10) and resurrection (chapter 11) have been presented. The new themes in chapter 12 are his burial and anointing.12 verses 1 - 8What does this story tell us about Mary's faith?What did it make Jesus think about? (v 7)What lessons can we learn from it?12 verses 9 - 19In what ways are we reminded that some people are coming to faith in Jesus while others are coming to the opposite conclusion as in chapter 9? (v9, 10, 11, 17 -19)In what way is the crowd welcoming Jesus like a King? (v 13)How is Jesus different from what you expect of a King? (v 14 - 15)What example does Jesus give us?12 verses 20 - 36What do the Greek gentiles ask Philip? (v21)How does Jesus picture his death? (v 23, 24, 31 - 33)What will be difficult for those who want to follow Jesus? (v25)In what way does Jesus have a "Gethsemane" moment? (v 27)In what way does Jesus have a "transfiguration" moment? (v 28 - 30)In what ways should we, like the crowd, make up our minds about Jesus? (35 - 36, also 21, 25)Leader's notesLike Mary, we should never lose sight of opportunities to demonstrate our love, faith and worship to our Lord. She had the Lord. We have the poor. Her gift is expensive, her action is extravagant. It makes Jesus think forward to his burial. There will be no time on 'Good Friday' for his body to be anointed before burial. A clear example to us of faith and worship and service.We are left in no doubt that people are becoming divided about Jesus. There are some who are coming to believe in him, shouting "Hosanna, come and save us", taking palm branches and reciting words from Psalm 118 about the Messiah. There are others becoming all the more determined to kill him. But Jesus has a very different idea of what it means to be Messiah King. He comes in humility, and will soon die in humility. The disciples will soon understand this, and lay aside all desire for worldly glory in offering their lives in lowly service.The Greek gentiles ask to see Jesus (as Jesus foresaw in 10 v 16). What they really need to see is Jesus' death to bring them to salvation. This will soon happen. Jesus pictures his death like the burial of a seed, and as being "lifted up" (the other 2 references are in 3 v 14 & 8 v 28) on the cross. This will be his "hour" and his "glory", and the devil "prince" will be driven out. So followers of Jesus will need to exchange worldly glory for sacrificial service. There is no story of "Gethsemane" in John, but he deliberately includes the human anguish in v 27. There is no transfiguration story in John either, but he deliberately includes the heavenly voice encouraging faith in the one whom God continues to glorify. We, like the crowd need to decide whether we are seeking to "see Jesus" (v21), and to see the glory of his death for our salvation. Do want to live as "sons of light"? 1 verses 1 - 18 and 12 verses 37 - 49 introduction and conclusionAs the first half of the gospel ends, we shall look at both the introduction and conclusion. Imagine slitting open a bag of rice. The small grains come tumbling out. In the same way, as you read the introduction you should recognise many of the themes that have tumbled out in these 12 chapters. This gospel which is so simple is also profound. You should read it in years to come, just tracing the various themes that are woven together like a seamless garment.1 verses 1 - 18How is Jesus introduced to us? (v 1 - 3, 9, 14, 18)Think of a few examples in the 12 chapters of how Jesus is revealed to us(e.g., "Word" - 5 v 24, 8 v 51; "Light" - 8 v 12; the "I am" claims)What has Jesus come to give us? (v 4, 12 - 13, 16)Think of a few examples in the 12 chapters of these themes (e.g., chs 3 & 4)In what ways does the gospel surpass everything that went before? (v 15, 17)Think of a few examples in the 12 chapters of these themes (e.g., chs 1 & 2)What witness is there to these truths? (v 6 - 8, 15)Think of a few examples in the 12 chapters of this theme (e.g., 1 v 19 - 35; 3 v 22 - 30; 5 v 31 - 38)What is the sad truth about this revelation? (v 5, 10, 14) Think of a few examples in the 12 chapters of how people are divided about Jesus(e.g., those who put their faith in Jesus, those who are undecided - like Nicodemus,and those who reject Jesus)12 verses 37 - 49v 37 - 41How do the verses from Isaiah help us understand that some would refuse to believe?Recall 1 verse 5 & 10It is not saying that God wanted them to reject both Isaiah's message and Jesus' message. God has known that blindness and hardness of heart would happen.v 42 - 43Recall Nicodemus3 v 1; 7 v 50.v 44 - 50Think of a few examples in the 12 chapters of these themes(e.g., v 44 - 5 v 38;v 45 - 1 v 18; v 47 - 3 v 17; v 49 - 50 - 8 v 28)What is your decision about Jesus?Do you believe everything you have read about who Jesus is, and what he came to do?Leader's notesSome references are given. There are many more references that could have been given! It is probably not good for everyone to look up everything. Just pick a few. The point of this exercise is to help people see how this gospel is an inspired unity, to marvel at both its simplicity - to encourage belief, salvation and life, and also to marvel at its depth. John must have been incredibly inspired by the Holy Spirit to write what he did. People should be encouraged to read it again and again, and increase their understanding. When you read the gospel many times, you begin to see key words and themes which are repeated. This is typical of John (typical also in the first epistle of John). But you will see that it is far more than repetition. You will see how understanding of the theme is gradually revealed. That is the time to get out a concordance, and see how the theme is developed from the Old Testament.In the end, this is not a gospel that you can just read out of interest. You are forced to make a decision. Or you may be like Nicodemus in chapter 3, - as yet undecided. Fortunately we have the second half of the gospel to help us along the journey.John 13three lessons on discipleshipThe second half of the gospel is mostly the last 24 hours of Jesus' life, followed by 3 resurrection stories. John picks up many of the themes with which we have become familiar already, but focuses on discipleship. This is the last supper. There is no telling of that part of the story which is retold every Sunday in our own Holy Communion services. Instead we have rich teaching about its meaning. The first lesson comes from an example that Jesus sets them. Later on they would come to realise that when Jesus dies for them, it was a similar 'servant' task.13 verses 1 - 17lesson one:serveWhat is Jesus thinking about? (v 1, 3, 7 - 8)What is the devil thinking about? (v 2, 11)What is Peter thinking about? (v 4 - 6, 8, 9)Peter does not need Baptism, but he does need to "have a part" in Jesus (v8)v 8 Do you have a part in the life of Jesus?What is the lesson for all who want to be disciples? ( v 13 - 17)13 verses 18 - 30lesson two :acceptanceWhat is Jesus thinking about? (v 18 - 21, 26 - 27)What is Judas thinking about? (v 26 - 27)What is Peter thinking about? (v 22 - 24, 29 - 30)v 20 Accepting a fellow disciple is the opposite of betrayal. What are the lessons here for relationships in the Church?13 verses 31 - 38lesson three:love one anotherWhat is Jesus thinking about? (v 31 - 33)What is Peter thinking about? (v 36 - 37)What is the command? Why is it a command?Do we still have to "love one another" when people don't keep their promises? (as in v 37 - 38)Leader's notesThe devil has Judas in his thoughts, Peter has embarrassment and shame. Jesus has his death uppermost in his thoughts. It is to be the supreme act of service in all creation in all time. One of the first truths about communion is that it is a real sharing in the life (body and blood) of Jesus. The same truth is stated in this washing. We too are clean (by salvation - pictured in our baptism). But we shall need always to have a sharing in the life of Jesus. If we do not, we do not belong to him. Jesus continues to serve us, and we continue to serve him and each other. Disciple and Servant must be the same. Jesus is in anguish (as we would be), knowing that a dear friend is rejecting his love. He also wants to protect his disciples when they later find out. Judas is only thinking about leaving. Peter is upset that one of the twelve should be against Jesus, It never occurs to him that it could be Judas. Betrayal is sadly common among us today. And we ought to take this story to heart. The communion service reminds us that we belong to one body, Christ. Therefore v 20 means that we must accept all the people who come to share in the communion, even if we don't like them!Jesus is now thinking about his Father's will, and also about his disciples. They cannot go to the cross. He must travel that road alone. Peter is wanting to be the best friend. He does not want Jesus to leave them. That is understandable. The call to "love one another" is a command, not an option. Again it is central to the communion service. We pray the Lord's prayer: "Forgive us ... as we forgive ..." We can do no less than Jesus when he forgave us through the cross.John 14 Reassurance to the disciples and to all of usOne of the most anxious times you will ever face in your life is if a loved one tells you that they are going to die. In verses 1 - 3what important reassurances does Jesus give his disciples?Another anxiety that we and other people face is 'what happens to us when we die?' In verses 5 - 6what important reassurance does Jesus give?We and everyone in the world would be reassured if only we could see God.In verses 7 - 11what important reassurance does Jesus give?Another anxiety that we have, is that we don't know how we can live without our loved one, especially if they have done everything for us. The disciples felt they could never be half as effective as Jesus without him. In verses 12 - 14what important reassurance does Jesus give?We, like the disciples can find it hard to believe that we can live without Jesus.In verses 15 - 26what important reassurance does Jesus give?Last words are often filled with faith and reassurances. Jesus last words are intended to give faith.In verses 27 - 30what important reassurance does Jesus give?How has your personal faith been reassured or challenged?Pray for one another.Leader's notesIf we imagine a bereavement, where our loved one knows they are dying, and want to reassure us, we shall more easily understand these words of Jesus. More than that, we can imagine that he is saying them to us, and answering our own questions about life after death. The purpose of this chapter is to fill the disciples (together will all readers), with faith about life after death and life before death. Be inspired, and be reassured!There are a string of reassurances; - not to be anxious, to trust, and to know that they have a place in God's eternal purposes. The Greek word for "rooms" is the same word for "abide" in verses 10, 23, and a major theme of chapter 15. The place has the quality of being with the Father and the Son. They and we shall be with them for ever. This is the sixth of the seven "I am" claims of Jesus. It sums up the five claims we have read so far. In Jesus we go to live in eternal life. Here is the simple yet amazing truth of the incarnation. In Jesus, we see the Father, - his love, his character, his purpose. The Father "abides" in Jesus (same word as v 2).Church history, let alone the rest of the New Testament proves the truth of this promise. "Greater" does not of course mean "better than Jesus"; it means that God has purposed to use his Church rather than do it all himself. So if our prayers are asking God to do what he already purposes to do, we shall see amazing answers. We have only to reread the gospel to see what prayers "in the name" of Jesus will mean. verse 10 reminds us that the words and works of Jesus were only what God purposed. And the ultimate purpose is clear: that people will come to believe in Jesus. Again this is amazing. From now on the disciples (and us too), will have Jesus, in the form of his Holy Spirit, described as a "comforter" - someone who will give strength and faith, who will be with us, teach us and guide us. There is only one thing we must do. Obey Jesus, abide in his love.Peace must be the key word here. Peace removes anxiety and fear (v27). Peace gives reassurance that God, not the devil, is in control (v28 - 30). Peace inspires trust and obedience (v31).John 15 - 16 v 4The Vine in the worldPicture two vines. One that is so decayed that it is only fit to be burned. And a new one. If the new vine is to survive in the world it must act as one vine, and not seek to go in its own direction. The vine is an ancient and well understood picture of Israel. In this last of the 7 "I am" claims, Jesus is claiming to be Israel. His Church will be the new Israel. His disciples must remain close to him, so that in the world, the new vine will succeed and grow.The true vinev1 - 2Who is the real vine? Who is the gardener? What does he do to the vine?Look at a similar picture in Isaiah 5 v 1 - 7.v3 - 4If you want to be a branch of that vine, what is the most important lesson of all?v5 - 8Who are the branches? What is their purpose?What does the gardener do with unfruitful branches?Fruitv9 - 17There is a trinity of love. Who loves whom?How do the disciples remain in his love? (also 14 v 21)v12, 17What is the one command he makes? (also 13 v 34)v13What example is Jesus giving them? (also 10 v 17, 11 v 50 & 13 v 15)v11, 15What two things will the disciples have?v16For what purpose did Jesus choose them?The word "remain in me" is repeated 10 times in this passage!How difficult do you find it to "remain" in Christ's will, to be fed by his word rather than by the world?Why do you think the Church finds it difficult to "remain" in Christ's will?Are you and your Church obediently bearing fruitful witness in the world?In the worldv18 - 25How much did it cost Jesus to remain faithful and fruitful?How much will it cost us to remain in the vine rather than the world?Why will the world reject us?Why is the world's rejection of Jesus "sin"?v26 - 16 v 4The Holy Spirit and the disciple of Jesus have the same purpose. What is it?What will happen?Why will they do this?Do we need to hear the same message today? Why?John does not give us the account of the bread and wine which are the basis of our Holy Communion Service. But the "Vine" hints at the cup of wine. How does the teaching of this chapter help us understand the purpose and meaning of Holy Communion?Leader's notesThe real vine is Christ, not the Jewish people gathered together in Jerusalem. God is the gardener who cuts off unfruitful branches as he said he would in Isaiah 5. The purpose of the new branches - the disciples and us, his Church, is to bear fruit, bringing people to accept his salvation. Jesus repeats and expands on themes he has already taught. There is the trinity of love - the Father, the son, and the Church. Obedience. The example which Jesus gave of obedience to the Father, - seen supremely in his willingness to die for us. This path will bring joy and the comfort of knowing that we are promoted from servant status to friendship - a relationship of love. This was the secret of Jesus' fruitfulness. It will be ours' also.There is one important secret to success: to "remain" in Christ. We often find our food and drink from the world rather than the word, and the Church today finds it easier to ask God to bless our plans than to seek to find out what his will for the Church really is. These verses are deeply challenging to the Church. If we do not remain in his will, he will cut us off. Church history gives us many examples of this.It cost Jesus hatred, rejection and persecution. We have already seen this in the gospel story so far. We should not expect life to be different for us. - We are servants, not the master! But they reject us because they reject Christ and his teaching, and because they have no love for Father God. Here is a basic definition of "sin" - a rejection of God and his will. Knowing that hatred and persecution are the consequence of faithful witness means that we shall never be surprised. The Church needs this reminder in every generation. The Church is constantly tempted to avoid this and to seek friendship with the world rather than to be hated and persecuted (see also 1 John 2 v 15 - 16). We can then welcome rejection and persecution when it comes, and remain faithful in our witness.Many themes of Holy Communion are set out here: remaining in Jesus, the Trinity, love, obedience, fruitfulness and going out into the world to bear witness. By not giving us the story behind Holy Communion, - the last supper, John is deliberately drawing our attention to the meaning of Holy Communion - which is far more important.John 16 v 5 - 33Coming and goingThe Holy Spirit will comeJesus teaches about the coming before the going; such is his care.v5 - 11How is the Holy Spirit described?Who will send him?What three things will the Spirit say to the world?v12 - 15How is the Holy Spirit described?Who will show him what to say?What three things will the Spirit say to the disciples?How can we listen to what the Holy Spirit wants to teach us?Do you listen to what the Holy Spirit wants to teach you?Jesus will goHaving reassured them that they will have the Spirit, who will do so much more than Jesus had been able to do, he now makes clear to them, that he is soon to depart. "In a little while" is repeated 7 times!v16 - 24Why do you think the disciples cannot understand what Jesus is saying?What will they experience when Jesus goes?What does the example of labour and birth show them?Will the disciples lack anything? Why not?v25 - 33Why will Jesus no longer have to pray on their behalf?What does Jesus say clearly about his coming and going?What faith do the disciples declare?What warning does Jesus now give?What reassurance does he give after the warning?Do you share the same faith as the disciples in v27 & v30?Do you have the joy and peace that Jesus talks about? If not, why not?Leader's notesThe Holy Spirit is described first as a "counsellor" - someone like Jesus who will give the direction which we need for our lives. Sent by Jesus, he will have two roles. The first is his message to the world. The three messages are about 1. "sin", because we have all rejected Jesus 2. "righteousness", because we are all unrighteous, and so no one can know God 3. "judgement", because the world and its prince - Satan - will be judged.The second message is for the disciples and us, the Church. The Spirit is described as "truth". He can only speak truth, shown him by the Father and by Jesus. The three messages are about1. guidance 2. Jesus’ future plans 3. revealing Jesus to us.His message is through the scriptures. We are inspired by him as we read them. Sometimes, the Holy Spirit is undervalued by us. He inspires us to give an uncomfortable but necessary message to the world. People everywhere need to be convicted of sin and judgement. Jesus says to us that teaching and guidance are of primary importance to us.The disciples cannot begin to understand this because they cannot believe that Jesus is about to die. It makes no sense to them. They are expecting great things still from Jesus. They will at first experience grief, but as in birth, the pain of labour will give way to joy. We know that Jesus is thinking of how we today experience the joy of Easter, and more importantly the joy that the Holy Spirit brings us. With the care of the Holy Spirit we shall lack nothing.Jesus has a special relationship with the Father. Soon the disciples shall share that relationship, because of their love and faith for Jesus. Jesus was sent by the Father into the world. He will leave that world and return to the Father. The disciples firmly believe this. This is their moment when they declare their faith and love in him. But immediately Jesus warns them that they will desert him. Though they cannot understand this, it will bring them great pain. This will in time give way to "peace", even when surrounded by trouble, and the reassurance that the world can neither defeat him, nor us.Here is another climax of faith (one of 7! like 1 v 34; 1 v 49; 4 v 42; 9 v 38; 11 v 27; 20 v 28).And another opportunity to invite members of your group to declare any new steps of faith they want to make. Maybe they can hear Jesus' words of v31: "You believe at last"!Joy and Peace are spiritual gifts which we receive despite pain and trouble. Christians sometimes don't experience them because they are defeated by the pain and troubles which surround them. If someone admits a need, ask the group to pray about their situation and pray for them to receive that peace and joy.John 17The High Priest's PrayerHere is the most remarkable prayer in the whole Bible. Jesus speaks to God with an intimacy and confidence that even the High Priest did not have. He knows God and his will. Jesus' prayer is similar to that of the High Priest. Once a year the High Priest would enter into the Holy of Holies and say three prayers of consecration. He would pray first for himself, then for the priests, and finally for the people. Jesus consecrates himselfv1 - 5The "hour" of his sacrificial death has now arrived. What does he ask for?How has Jesus in his ministry brought "glory" to God?Think about the passion and death of Jesus.- How does it bring "glory" to God?How is this "glory" different to what the world offers?How does the example of Jesus deal with man's pride and desire for status?Jesus consecrates his disciplesv6 - 12Whose disciples were they?In what 3 ways did the disciples "obey God's word" (v6)?Why does Jesus want to pray for them?What two things does Jesus pray for?v13 - 19What else does Jesus want for them?Why is this important?Why does Jesus consecrate himself?There are times when we, like the disciples, will go through a period of trial and fail. In what way does this prayer reassure us?Jesus consecrates all believersv20 - 26What is the first thing that Jesus prays for?From where will unity come?Why will the world believe that Jesus was sent by God?What is the second thing that Jesus prays for?In what ways does Jesus' prayer end with full confidence?What can you do to promote unity among believers where you live?Leader's notesThroughout his ministry Jesus has fulfilled God's purpose for his life. He has revealed God and given them eternal life. Now he asks the Father to "glorify" him in the hour of his death. That prayer is of course answered. All 4 gospels, and all Christians are faithful in describing the obedient self sacrificial death of Jesus on the cross. This is so different to worldly glory. Jesus is humble and forgiving and puts his own needs and status to one side as he makes atonement for our sins. When we think about the "glory" of Jesus' death, there is no place for pride or status. We are humbled.The disciples were God's before they were Jesus' disciples. The Father knows them intimately. The Father has seen their progress and faith. They believed that all the gifts and ministry of Jesus had been God - given. They accepted Jesus' words as if it were God himself speaking to them. They believed that it was God who had sent Jesus. Jesus wants to pray for them because he knows how threatening the world is to their faith. Jesus is about to leave them. He hands back the disciples into the hands of God. He also prays for their unity. Jesus also wants them to share his joy. What an amazing request, when he knows the agony that awaits him on the cross! He knows that in the future they will also share the hatred that the world has for Jesus. Jesus consecrates himself so that he can also consecrate them.This prayer reassures us that God knows what trials we will have to bear, but he will protect our salvation even when we fall. He knows how difficult we find it to live in the world which despises the truth.Jesus prays for unity. This unity is fellowship with the Father and the Son. He wants us to have the same fellowship, share the same purpose and have the same assurance of God's love for our lives. It is this assurance and intimacy which will speak powerfully to the world that Jesus has been sent by God. The second prayer follows on from this. He wants us to be where he is, sharing eternal life and to see Jesus in his glory from before the creation of the world. With what amazing and inspiring confidence Jesus ends his prayer. God's purposes have been fulfilled and will be fulfilled. He desires that day when we will share the same intimacy with God as our Father.Christians must honour God and his purposes by working for unity among believers - especially to pray together, and work together to spread the message.John 18 - 19 v 15Confidence and fearThe next two chapters are remarkable in their description of the events, and the irony of the situation. Jesus is full of confidence, as if he is directing the traffic at a busy junction. In contrast, both the authorities and the disciples are afraid. In the trials, it is Jesus who is in control, and the Jews in desperation to have Jesus sentenced to death. In a climax of irony, Jesus is proclaimed as a king and the Son of God, and the Jews proclaim that they have no King but Caesar.Confidence and fearverses 1 - 27v1 - 11Who does Judas bring with him?Why so many?What is surprising about Jesus' words and actions?What mistake does Simon Peter make?v12 - 18In what way is Peter afraid?v19 - 24In what way does Jesus show confidence?v25 - 27In what way is Peter afraid?What can we learn from Jesus' example?7 scenes of confident Jesus and powerless PilateThroughout this drama, Pilate who as the Roman governor has supreme power in Jerusalem is seen to be powerless, as he is forced out of and then back into his palace 6 times. He knows Jesus is innocent, but is powerless to release him.v28 - 32Pilate goes outside to the Jewish authorities. In what way is he powerless?v33 - 37Pilate returns inside to question Jesus. In what ways does Jesus show confidence?v38 - 40Pilate goes outside to the Jewish authorities. In what way is he powerless?19 v1 - 3How do the soldiers do more than they were given authority to do?v4 - 8Pilate goes outside to the Jewish authorities. In what way is he powerless?v9 - 11Pilate returns inside to question Jesus. In what ways does Jesus show confidence?v12 - 16Pilate goes outside to the Jewish authorities. In what way is he powerless?7 pictures of Jesus as KingThroughout this drama, Jesus' Kingship becomes more and more confident and certain. 18 v 33Pilate:What question does he ask?18 v 36 Jesus:What reply does he give?18 v 37 Pilate & Jesus: What question does Pilate ask, and what reply does Jesus give?18 v 39 Pilate:What truth does he declare about Jesus?19 v 1 - 3 Soldiers:What truth do they declare about Jesus?19 v 7Jews:What truth do they declare about Jesus?19 v 14 - 15Jews:In what way do they reject God's Kingship over them?Spend some time worshipping Jesus as King.Pray for those who are wrongfully imprisoned and their families.Leader's notesThere are so many who come out with Judas to arrest Jesus because they are afraid that Jesus will escape. Surprisingly Jesus declares himself "I Am". They are so surprised that the conversation is repeated. Peter hits out, but Jesus is in control. He is prepared to drink the "cup of suffering".We can learn from Jesus, how to have peace when all around you are afraid and in crisis.Peter is now afraid that he too will be arrested. In contrast, Jesus full of confidence puts the High Priest on trial. Why does he question Jesus? Is he not breaking the law? Annas should be bringing witnesses.The Jews refuse to go into the Palace, because of ceremonial uncleanness. So Pilate is forced to go in and out 6 times! Pilate has no answers to the insistence of the authorities that Jesus should be executed. But when he returns inside, Jesus is firmly in control of the questioning. He has been both truthful in his answer - he is a king, and also confident about his innocence about the charge of rebellion (King of the Jews would be understood as trying to overthrow Caesar and Rome). Outside again, Pilate falls into a trap, sure that Barabbas who was certainly a rebel against Rome, would be chosen for execution and Jesus released. He is wrong. In the central scene we move to the soldiers, who undermine Pilate's authority by dressing him up as a King in addition to the flogging. In mocking Jesus, they are actually saying something that is true about him. Back to the drama of Pilate, again he falls into a trap. By bringing out a man who has been flogged and dressed up in clothes that mock, he expects laughter and mocking. Instead he gets the words: "crucify". Back inside his palace, Pilate is feeling his power become less and less. Jesus tells him that he has no power except that which is given him from God! Pilate says he has the power to free Jesus. The truth is that he does not! In the last scene, Pilate once more goes outside and presents Jesus to them. He sits on the judgement seat, and for the third time falls into a trap. He presents Jesus as their King, with no followers and no authority. Harmless. He expects that will be the end. At the same time, John highlights for us that Jesus really is the King of the Jews. Although he is not in rebellion against Rome - and is therefore innocent of the charge, nevertheless he really is their Messiah. The Jewish authorities commit the ultimate sin of rejection. They have only one King whom they worship, - Almighty God. Here, they reject God and tell Pilate that they have no King but Caesar. In those few words, is summed up their rebellion and sin, and ours' too. This is not a passage so much to be studied, as to humble us. End the bible study not with discussion but with worship of Jesus the King, whom we rejected, and was crucified for us.John 19 v 16 - 42The death and burial of JesusAlthough there are themes for us to see and discuss, we have to read this chapter differently. It should lead us to feel sorrow and to humble ourselves in worship. All human pride becomes nothing as we gaze on the self sacrifice of our Lord, the Son of God.19 v19 - 22What I have written was meant to be writtenWhat did Pilate decide should be written on the cross?How many times was it written? Why did the Jewish authorities object?In what way was Pilate inspired by God when he decided to have those words nailed to the cross?19 v23 - 24The priestly robeJesus dies as King; also as priest. A priests’ robe was seamless.How did the soldiers divide the clothes? How did they divide the clothes of Jesus?The scripture is Psalm 22. Jesus was meditating on this psalm as he was being crucified. It is psalm that is full of faith, even when experiencing suffering.Read verses 1 - 18 of the Psalm imagining Jesus on the cross.19 v25 - 27Thinking of othersThis is the first of three last words of Jesus from the crossWho is Jesus thinking of as he is dying?What does this say to you about the priorities and character of Jesus?19 v28 - 30The sacrificeWhat are the last two words of Jesus from the cross?In what ways do the first words recall 18 v 11 and 7 v 37 (Isaiah 12 v 3)?In what ways does John want us to think of the Passover sacrifice when we gives us the detail of how the soldiers use "hyssop" (as in Exodus 12 v 22 - 23)?v28 & 30 What is finished? (see also John 10 v 15, 17 and 4 v 34)19 v31 - 34The perfect sacrificeIn what ways does Jesus make clear to us, that Jesus sacrifice was like a passover lamb who could have no defect such as lameness (as in Exodus 12 v 46)?How does John make absolutely clear to us that Jesus did actually die, and not just go unconscious?v35 - 42The burial of a KingThe body should have been thrown into a common unmarked grave. Instead, two secret disciples give him a royal burial.What do Joseph and Nicodemus do for Jesus?What example do they give us?"They will look on the one they have pierced"19 v 17 (Zechariah 12 v 10)Spend the rest of the time meditating on the death of Jesus. Worship him as King. Speak to him as your priest. Humble yourself as you think of his sacrifice.Leader's notesThe theme of 18 v 1 – 19 v 15 is continued: Jesus is the King of the Jews. The three versions of the notice are symbolical that this is indeed true. Pilate may have intended the words to have been a mockery of Jesus, but that is not how the Jewish authorities understood it. They saw it as ambiguous. People might read the notice and think that Jesus was in fact the King of the Jews. Pilate replies "what I have written I have written" - prophetic words. Pilate is inspired by God to have written these words that declare that Jesus is indeed the King of the Jews!There were 4 soldiers, and tradition was that people were crucified naked - another indignity. The clothing would be divided among the soldiers. In Jesus' case, they cast lots, because he was wearing a priestly robe. John wants us to see that Jesus is dying as priest as well as King, offering himself as a sacrifice for our sins.Jesus thinks of those closest to him who are in agony as they stand and watch him being tortured, unable to rescue him. His words have encouraged the Church to consider how our relationships extend more widely than our own families. The Church is a family."I thirst" is intended to make us think not only about how the human Jesus suffered, but also to think about how this was the "cup" of suffering (18 v 11) that he had to drink. We too shall become thirsty for the salvation that he brings through his death (7 v 37 & Isaiah 12 v 3). A further almost insignificant detail is given. Jesus is offered some wine on a branch. The hyssop was used by the Hebrews in Egypt to mark a cross on their doors with the blood of the passover lamb. This blood would save them from death. Jesus is the fulfilment of that story.This work of salvation - atonement, is finished. King Jesus in the role of a priest has offered his own life as a passover sacrifice for our salvation.There has been a clear theme that Jesus who died was King, Priest and now the perfect sacrifice. Passover lambs could not be lame. In the same way Jesus' legs could not be broken. He was in fact already dead. This is not surprising since he had endured a flogging earlier that day. Blood and other fluids separate at death. Joseph and Nicodemus could easily have deserted Jesus at this point. From their point of view, Jesus mission had failed. But they risk criticism by asking Pilate for the body. Pilate still believes Jesus was innocent otherwise he would have ordered Jesus' body to be thrown into a communal criminal's grave. Joseph gives Jesus a new cave tomb - fit for a King. Nicodemus brings spices fit for a King. They may have begun as secret disciples, but in the end they bring their wealth to serve him. An act of devotion and loyalty.John 20 Resurrection and faith20 v1 - 8What explanation does Mary give for the empty tomb?Why is this explanation unlikely?What details and evidence does John use, to help us believe in the resurrection?20 v9 - 18What explanation does Mary give for the three people who appear?Why is this explanation unlikely?What details and evidence does John use, to help us believe in the resurrection?20 v19 - 22What explanation does Jesus give for appearing?Why is this explanation likely?What details and evidence does John use, to help us believe in the resurrection?20 v24 - 28What explanation does Thomas give for not believing?Why is this explanation unlikely?What details and evidence does John use, to help us believe in the resurrection?20 v29 - 30What explanation is given for Thomas' faith in Jesus?What details and evidence does John use, to help us believe that Jesus is the Christ, the son of God?Have you ever been like Thomas, and doubted the resurrection?What does the resurrection of Jesus mean for your faith?If you were to write a book to persuade people about Jesus, which stories would you include?Leader's notesThe story is told with the kind of detail we have come to expect from John. He is not worried that the first witness is in fact a woman (whose reputation in the other gospels is as a "redeemed sinner"). Her thought that the body had been removed was a natural one. She had not looked into the tomb - which would have been too dark. It is Peter and the other disciple who notice that there is something mysterious here. If the body had been removed, they would not have removed the cloths and left them behind. The beloved disciple enters, sees and believes. Though as yet he does not understand the fulfilment of scripture.Mary is rewarded by being the first witness of the risen Jesus. But at first she is so consumed in grief that she neither realises that two people who suddenly appear in the tomb (which only has one entrance) must be angelic, nor recognises Jesus. The details about Mary not recognising Jesus nor the angels adds evidence that this is indeed a true story. If Mary had made it up she would not have risked people thinking she was stupid. And Jesus says nothing that will lead anyone to believe that Jesus will reappear again. Mary may well be the first and last person to see him raised.Jesus says that the reason for his appearance is to tell them that the Father is to send them out with the gospel. For that reason he gives them the Holy Spirit. This is one of the most important reasons for the resurrection. The fear of the disciples, the locked doors, the scars in his hands and side, and the unanimous belief and joy of the 10 disciples present are all evidence. There is no room for doubt.Thomas refuses to believe unless he sees for himself, and puts his finger in the scars. He gives no explanation for his refusal to believe the testimony of his brother disciples. Yet Jesus shows him patience and knowledge of his doubting, by addressing him personally a week later. Thomas' journey from doubt to full faith and worship, - "My Lord and my God", is the most powerful evidence so far in the resurrection. Look back to John 1 v 1.Thomas believes because he saw Jesus. Those who believe the witness of Thomas, Mary and the 10 will be blessed even more. We are told that Jesus did many other miraculous signs, but that the ones John chose to tell us are to encourage us to believe that Jesus must be the Christ, the Son of God.John 21Using failureas the mission continuesIn this third resurrection story John brings his gospel to a perfect conclusion. It is as if we are returning to the beginning of the gospel story where Jesus called his disciples. From here they will leave fishing, to continue Jesus' mission where he finished it. To do this, Jesus resolves the problem of Peter's betrayal.21 v1 - 14Which people are in this story? What was their story of faith?What other story does John give us by the sea of Tiberius? (6 v 1). What other similarities can you find between this story and chapter 6 v 9, 11?How do they recognise Jesus?Who is the first person to respond?How does John show us that this was an amazingly large haul of fish?Do you believe that Jesus is interested in the ordinary work that you do?Have you ever recognised his presence in your place of work?How does this story encourage us all to become a 'fisher of men'?21 v15 - 19It is probably significant that Peter has returned to fishing. He may have considered his betrayal as failing the test. The charcoal fire in v 9 reminds us of the fire in 18 v 18 (where the same Greek word is used).What do the 3 questions remind Peter of? (18 v 17, 25, 27)What does Peter call Jesus?What does Peter say?What does Jesus say which reinstates Simon as the 'Peter' he called him in 1 v 42?Who are the sheep? (10 v 16)What are Jesus' last words to Peter? 21 v20 - 25What other misunderstanding does the author, John clear up for us?Why do you think John uses the term "beloved disciple", rather his name "John"?What else does John want to tell us as he finishes his gospel?Have you ever felt that God could not forgive you?Do you love the Lord more than anything else? Or are there other things which are more important in your life?How can you show your love for Jesus?How has your faith grown through reading this gospel?Would you like to read it again, and discover even deeper meaning?(If you do, perhaps you could read it with others, and lead a group. The person who has these notes could pass them on to someone willing to lead a group themselves)Leader's notesAll except Thomas, are part of the story of chapter one. Nathaniel was like Thomas, - a doubter. Simon was named Peter (rock) by Jesus. John also reminds us of the miraculous feeding of the 5,000, a sign that he was God's messiah, the bread of life. Miraculous multiplying of fish are common to both stories, and so is the distribution of bread and fish. The story also teaches us to recognise Jesus in the ordinary places where many of us work. And in our places of work we can also be 'fishers of men'.The 3 questions obviously remind Peter of his betrayal. He had said that he loved Jesus more than the other disciple, but had failed him when Jesus needed him the most. Peter is reinstated, and commissioned to care for the people whom Jesus loves and has died for. Peter calls Jesus his "Lord". Jesus hints that Peter will be a martyr, but his last words are simple: "Follow me". So this challenges us all. Are we ready to follow him? Is he Lord? Or are there other things more important in our lives?John uses the opportunity to write about a misunderstanding of some words that Jesus had said to him personally. The words had not meant that Jesus would return in John's lifetime. They had merely meant that it was not Peter's business to know God's plan for John's life. John never uses his name. Probably out of humility. He refers to himself as a "son of Zebedee" and also as the disciple that Jesus loved. Jesus loved all of his disciples, and had no favourites. But John writes as one who had experienced that undeserving love of Jesus, - grace. Each of us should see ourselves in him. Having read this gospel with the eyes and heart of a disciple who is beloved, we too have become beloved disciples.An evening to present the Christian faithDon't just invite them to Church on a Sunday. Set up a special and informal evening to read the Bible with you. Begin or end the meeting with food.You could have 4 elements to it.1. If you have anyone with musical ability, they may want to express their faith with music.Either a solo or a song that all can sing.2. Bible Study. We recommend the Bible studies on John chapters 1, 4, 9, 18 - 19 & 20.3. One or two people to speak briefly about the Christian faith. No more than 5 minutes each. Make it brief and clear.What Jesus means to themWhy they have chosen to follow himHow they came to faith (even if it is that they were brought up in a Christian family but there came a point at which they made the personal decision to be a Christian)Any significant story or answer to prayer4. Opportunities should be offered to guests to ask questions.Don't feel threatened by questions. Be honest if you don't know the answer. If you are able to, you can say that you are willing to try and find an answer for them during the next week.Return criticisms with love. Win them over by your love rather than by your arguments.Pray for them. Again and again!If you can offer them a book to read, that is a good way of following on from the evening. Leading a groupAlways, the most difficult task will be agreeing to have one in the first place. There will be reasons given by others to dissuade you. There may already be groups in the Church, set times for Bible study, people are too busy, there may be other priorities. Bible study is important for many reasons.*God can speak to us through the passage*The group can become more zealous to reach out with the gospel to non Christians*Individuals become excited by what they find, the scriptures make sense.*Individuals grow in faith and understanding about their faith.You can lead the group. All you need is love for God, and commitment to prepare. Do not look down on yourself, or decide that only the 'professionals' can lead.The best groups are those who can enter into a covenant (an agreement before God). Agree about membership and commitment to the group, aims and plan.Membership and commitmentAsk everyone to try to get to the group, and on time. And let the leader or someone in the group know if they cannot be there. The best groups are those where the membership of the groups is the same from week to week. Not only do the people get to know each other, and to trust each other, but the understanding of this gospel will grow from week to week. If the membership of the group is different from week to week, the group will not understand the method, nor build up their understanding of the gospel.If anything of a personal nature is shared, remind people that everything said in the group time must be confidential.AimThe aim of the group should be simple: to let God speak to us through his word.PlanAgree a plan. How much time do you have? How will you use it?Begin with prayer. Seek to put behind you the cares of the day, and focus on God. Read the passage of scripture. Use the questionsAlways ask people how God can speak to us through the scripture. What can we learn from it?Pray about the lessons that you have learned this week.If you have time, pray about personal needs of the group members.Thank God for the time of learning and fellowship together.Confirm the arrangements for the next week.Principles for leading a groupThe most important principle is preparation by you, the leader. Allow yourself an hour to prepare the study.Pray for guidance from the Holy Spirit. Pray that the passage will speak to you, and then the whole group.Read the passage through at least 4 times, preferably more.First time just read it through and get a sense of what it is aboutSecond time, read it through and make notes of verses and points which speak to you.Third time, read it through and try to answer the questions in the Bible Study outline Make notes, and jot down any questions you have.Fourth time, read it through with the leaders notes. Do not read the leaders notes until the very end of your study.If you prefer, make up your own questions to use, rather than the ones given. If you are able you can photocopy the questions page. If you want to give out the leaders notes page, then make sure that these are not looked at except to answer difficult questions.The ‘inductive’ method of Bible studyMany people are not used to this method of group bible study. Do not be persuaded to change the method. Explain that your role is to ask questions, and that their role is to work hard to find answers. Encourage everyone in the group to give an answer sometimes. In a group bible study it is essential that everyone takes part. Often there is more than one answer to the question. You will know this if you have prepared the study beforehand. In that case, encourage others to add to the answer, rather than moving on to the next question too quickly. Try very hard not to give the answer to the questions. Give time for people to work out the answers for themselves. Do not give a talk or sermon.You will see that there are application questions at the end of sections. This is where we encourage the group to see its relevance to the Christian life today. If you can think of other application questions use your own.On the dayKeep to your plan (see above), and watch the time.Read the passage in small sections.Use the questions, reading them out one at a time, and if necessary explain the question or rephrase the question using your own words.Helpful tipsThe discussion will often move off onto other questions. Make a decision as to whether this is a helpful discussion (if it is helpful, let it run - God may be speaking to your group) or unhelpful (bring people back to the question)There may be several things that can be said in answer to a question, so don't be too quick to move on to the next question. You can ask: "What do others think?" "What else can we say?" "Anyone else, like to add something?"If one person in the group is answering most of the questions, and almost immediately - before the group have had time to think, then encourage a change. E.g.,“Thank you for being so quick in answering. Perhaps with this next question we could have other members of the group answer, please. It would be good to hear from each member of the group at least once today"Don't be afraid of silence - often people need time to read the verses again, and think of the answer.Never tell anyone that they are "wrong". If necessary, ask "What do others think?"Thank people for what they have said, even if it is not quite right!If you are asked a question, and you think someone in the group might be able to answer it, give them the opportunity. Resist the temptation to give the answer yourself. Make people dig into the text! E.g., "Can anyone answer?" Only when the group have exhausted their own ideas, or if you are short on time, read from the leaders notes or answer the question.If no one - including yourself - knows the answer, move onto the next question. E.g., "Sorry. That was a good question, but no one knows the answer. Shall we move on to the next question?"Remember leading is about helping the group learn and hearing from God. You are a 'Facilitator'. You are not the teacher. Let the Holy Spirit do the teaching - that is his job, and he wants to do it!After the dayDon't give up! You won't be the best leader the first time you lead. Be patient with yourself.You will only improve through practice.If the group have never done this method before, it may take a few weeks before they settle and see the benefit. They will prefer to sit in silence and for you to do all of the talking! Be patient. Don't give up. The rewards will be wonderful!But give other people the opportunity to lead also.This will help them grow as leaders also. ................
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