CHAPTER 1



CHAPTER 1

ORIENTATION TO SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY | |CH. 1 PERIOPERTIVE EDUCATION

CH. 2 FOUNDATIONS OF PERIOPERATIVE PATIENT CARE STANDARDS

CH. 4 THE PERIOPERATIVE PATIENT CARE TEAM

CH. 6 ADMINISTRATION OF PERIOPERATIVE PATIENT CARE

SERVICES | | |

|HISTORY OF SURGERY |3 |Historical Background sections are found at the | |

| | |beginning of each chapter. | |

|SURGERY TODAY |4 | | |

|Surgical Specialties |5 | | |

|HISTORY OF SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY |6 | | |

|FIELD OF SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY |8 |Surgical Technology (Ch. 2) |23 |

| Working Conditions |8 | | |

| Personal Characteristics |8 |Expected Behaviors of Perioperative Caregivers (Ch. |8 |

| | |1) | |

|Surgical Team Members |8 |CH. 4 THE PERIOPERATIVE PATIENT CARE TEAM |56 |

|Surgical Technology Education and Certification |10 | Credentialing of Caregivers (Ch. 2) |25 |

|THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGISTAS A PROFESSIONAL |11 | | |

|Professionalism |11 | | |

|Surgical Technologist’s Lifestyle |12 | | |

|Job Descriptions for the Surgical Technologist |13 | | |

|Career Opportunities |13 | | |

|HEALTH CARE FACILITIES |14 | | |

|Hospital Organization |15 |Establishing Administrative Roles (Ch. 6) |73 |

|Hospital Departments and Interdepartmental |17 |Patient Care Departments (Ch. 6) |77 |

|Communication | | | |

|Financial Considerations and Reimbursement |19 | | |

|Organizations Related to Hospitals, Health Care, and |20 | | |

|Surgical Services | | | |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 2 | |CH. 3 LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES | |

|STANDARDS OF CONDUCT | |CH. 2 FOUNDATIONS OF PERIOPERATIVE PATIENT | |

| | |CARE STANDARDS | |

|LEGAL ISSUES |23 | | |

|Definitions of General Legal Terms |23 |Box 3-1 |23 |

|Definitions of Traditional Principles |24 | | |

|Torts |25 | | |

|Consent for Surgery: A Basic Right |27 |Consent |33 |

|Documentation |29 |Documentation of Perioperative Patient Care |35 |

|Event/Incident Reports |30 |Incident Report |37 |

|Advance Directives |30 |Advance Directives |35 |

|ETHICAL AND MORAL ISSUES |30 |Ethical Issues |44 |

|Moral Principles |31 |Ethical Issues |44 |

|Bioethics |31 |Bioethical Situations |45 |

|AHA Patient’s Bill of Rights |31 | | |

|Elements of Ethical Decision Making |32 |Ethical Issues |44 |

|Professional Codes of Conduct |34 |Box 3-4 |44 |

|Surgical Conscience |34 |Surgical Conscience |48 |

|SCOPE OF PRACTICE |34 | | |

|Job Descriptions and Competencies |35 |Credentialing of Caregivers (Ch. 2) |25 |

|Credentialing |36 |Accreditation (Ch. 2) |25 |

|Accreditation |36 | | |

|Core Curricula for Surgical Technology and Surgical |36 | | |

|Assisting | | | |

|Career Development |36 | | |

|Clinical Ladder Program |37 | | |

|RISK MANAGEMENT AND LIABILITY |38 |Liability |30 |

|Medical Errors |38 | | |

|Safe Medical Device Act |39 | | |

|Malpractice Insurance |39 |Liability Insurance |31 |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 3 | |CH. 7 THE PATIENT: THE REASON FOR YOUR EXISTENCE | |

|THE SURGICAL PATIENT. | | | |

|THE STSR AND THE SURGICAL PATIENT |43 |Patient-Centered Care |88 |

|PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND SPIRITUAL NEEDS OF|43 |Patient-Centered Care |89 |

|THE SURGICAL PATIENT | | | |

|Understanding the Surgical Patient |44 | | |

|Causes of Surgical Intervention |44 | | |

|The Surgical Patient, a Human Being |44 |Patient-Centered Care |88 |

|Prioritizing Needs-Maslow’s Hierachy |45 |Hierarchy of Needs |89 |

|Life Stage Development: Select Basic Concepts |46 | | |

|Cultural and Religious Influences |49 |Patient’s Reactions to Illness |91 |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 4 | |CH. 7 THE PATIENT: THE REASON FOR YOUR EXISTENCE | |

|SPECIAL POPULATIONS | |CH. 8 PERIOPERATIVE PEDIATRICS | |

| | |CH. 9 PERIOPERATIVE GERIATRICS | |

| | |CH. 34 GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC SURGERY | |

|INTRODUCTION |57 |Patients With Special Needs (Ch. 7) |92 |

|PEDIATRIC PATIENTS |57 |Indications for Surgery (Ch. 8) |119 |

| | |Considerations in Perioperative Pediatrics |121 |

| | |Preoperative Psychologic Preparation of Pediatric |126 |

| | |Patients | |

|Monitoring the Pediatric Patient |59 |Intraoperative Pediatric Patient Care Considerations |132 |

| | |(Ch. 8) | |

| | |Body Temperature Considerations |123 |

|Shock |60 | | |

|Fluids and Electrolytes |60 |Fluids and Electrolyte Balance Considerations (Ch. 8)|123 |

|Infection |61 |Pediatric Infection Risk Considerations |125 |

| | |(Ch. 8) | |

|Metabolic and Nutritional Responses |61 |Metabolism and Nutritional Considerations (Ch. 8) |122 |

|Trauma |61 |Trauma (Ch. 8) |119 |

|PATIENTS WITH OBESITY |62 |Obese Patients (Ch. 7) |98 |

|Review of Surgical Considerations |64 |Obese Patients (Ch. 7) |98 |

|Specific Considerations of Bariatric Surgery |64 |Obese Patients (Ch. 7) |98 |

|PATIENTS WITH DIABETES |64 |Patients with Diabetes Mellitus (Ch. 7) |96 |

|Complications Associated with Diabetes |65 |Common Complications of Diabetes Mellitus (Ch. 7) |96 |

|Care of the Patient with Diabetes in Surgery |66 |Special Considerations (Ch. 7) |97 |

|PREGNANT PATIENTS |66 |Perioperative Obstetrics (Ch. 24) |691 |

|Considerations when Caring for Pregnant Patients |67 |Considerations for the Care of the Pregnant Patient |691 |

| | |(Ch. 24) | |

|Anesthesia |67 |Anesthesia (Ch. 24) |692 |

|Intraoperative Considerations for the Surgical |67 |Considerations for the Care of the Pregnant Patient |691 |

|Technologist | |(Ch. 24) | |

|IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS |68 |Immunocompromised Patients (Ch. 7) |99 |

|Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |68 |Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Ch. 7) |100 |

|Considerations for the Surgical Team Members |68 |Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Ch. 7) |100 |

|PATIENTS WITH DISABILITIES |69 |Patients with Sensory Impairment or Physical |92 |

| | |Challenges (Ch. 7) | |

|GERIATRIC PATIENTS |69 |CH. 9 PERIOPERATIVE GERIATRICS |155 |

|TRAUMA PATIENTS |71 | | |

|THE “GOLDEN HOUR” AND TRAUMA PATIENTS |71 | | |

|KINEMATICS |71 | | |

|Blunt Trauma |71 | | |

|Penetrating Trauma |72 | | |

|TRAUMA SCORING |72 | | |

|CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST |72 | | |

|Preservation of Evidence |72 | | |

|Hypothermia |73 | | |

|Infection |73 | | |

|PREPARATION OF THE CASE |73 | | |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 5 | |CH. 10 PHYSICAL FACILITIES | |

|PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY STANDARDS | |CH. 13 POTENTIAL SOURCES OF INJURY TO THE CAREGIVER | |

| | |AND THE PATIENT | |

| | |CH. 15 PRINCIPLES OF ASEPSIS AND STERILE TECHNIQUE | |

|PHYSICAL DESIGN OF THE SURGERY DEPARTMENT |77 |Physical Layout of the Surgical Suite |177 |

| | |(Ch. 10) | |

|Areas of the OR |78 |Space Allocation and Traffic Patterns |181 |

| | |(Ch. 10) | |

|Physical Components of the Operative Suite |79 |Operating Room (Ch. 10) |185 |

|Substerile Area |83 |Substerile Room (Ch. 10) |185 |

|Direct Support Services |83 |Peripheral Support Areas (Ch. 10) |183 |

|HAZARDS AND REGULATORY AGENCIES |85 |Environmental Hazards (Ch. 13) |211 |

|SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS |86 |Opening paragraphs (Ch. 13) |211 |

|Air-Handling System |86 |Ventilation (Ch. 10) |186 |

| | |Environmental Factors (Ch. 13) |214 |

|Surgical Lights |86 |Lighting (Ch. 10) |188 |

| | |Environmental Factors (Ch. 13) |214 |

|Noise in the Operating Room |86 |Environmental Factors (Ch. 13) |214 |

|Ergonomics and Safety Considerations |86 |Body Mechanics (Ch. 13) |215 |

|Fire Hazards and Safety |87 |Fire and Explosion (Ch. 13) |220 |

|Electrical Hazards |88 |Electricity (Ch. 13) |218 |

|Ionizing Radiation |89 |Ionizing Radiation (Ch. 13) |215 |

|BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS |90 |Biological Hazards ad Safeguards |224 |

| | |(Ch. 13) | |

|Universal Precautions |90 |Standard Precautions (Ch. 15) |254 |

|Standard Precautions |90 |Standard Precautions (Ch. 15) |254 |

|Laser and Electrosurgical Plume |93 |Surgical Plume (Ch. 13) |225 |

|Latex Allergy |94 |Latex Sensitivity/Allergy (Ch. 13) |226 |

|CHEMICAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS |94 |Chemical Hazards and Safeguards (Ch.13) |222 |

|Waste Anesthetic Gases |94 |Anesthetic Gases (Ch. 13) |222 |

|Methyl Methacrylate |95 |Methyl Methacrylate (Ch 13) |224 |

|Formalin |95 |Sterilizing Agents (Ch. 13) |223 |

|Ethylene Oxide |95 |Sterilizing Agents (Ch. 13) |223 |

|Glutaraldehyde |95 |Sterilizing Agents (Ch. 13) |223 |

|CHAPTER 6 | |NO CHAPTER ON THIS TOPIC | |

|BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE | | | |

|INTRODUCTION |99 | | |

|COMPUTERS |99 | | |

|Surgical Applications |99 | | |

|Hardware |100 | | |

|Software |103 | | |

|Word Processing |104 | | |

|Graphics |105 | | |

|Internet Basics |106 | | |

|ELECTRICITY |107 | | |

|Surgical Applications |107 | | |

|Basic Principles of Electricity |108 | | |

|PHYSICS |112 | | |

|Medical and Surgical Applications |112 | | |

|Mechanics |113 | | |

|Nuclear Physics |122 | | |

|Gravity |122 | | |

|SURGICAL ROBOTS |122 | | |

|Terminology |123 | | |

|Design |123 | | |

|Remote Manipulation |124 | | |

|Geometry |124 | | |

|Hearing and Vision |125 | | |

|Decontamination and Sterilization of Robotic Components|125 | | |

|Clinical Applications |125 | | |

|THE OR OF THE FUTURE |125 | | |

|Surgical Planning and Rehearsal |125 | | |

|Surface-Based Registration |126 | | |

|ROLE OF THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST |126 | | |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 7 | |CH 12 CARE OF THE PERIOPERATIVE ENVIRONMENT | |

|ASEPSIS AND STERILE TECHNIQUE | |CH. 14 MICROBIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS | |

| | |CH. 15 PRINCIPLES OF ASEPSIS AND STERILE TECHNIQUE | |

| | |CH. 17 DECONTAMINATION AND DISINFECTION | |

| | |CH. 18 STERILIZATION | |

|HISTORY OF STERILIZATION |130 |Historical Background (Ch. 15) |248 |

|BASIC TERMINOLOGY |131 | | |

|PATHOGENS AND INFECTION |131 |Microorganisms: Nonpathogens versus Pathogens (Ch. |230 |

| | |14) | |

|Infection |131 |Pathogenic Invasion (Ch. 14) |232 |

| | |Infectious Processes in the Body | |

|Pathogens Associated with Surgical Site Infection |132 |Types of Pathogenic Microorganisms |233 |

| | |(Ch. 14) | |

|Methods of Transmission |135 |Transmission of Microorganisms (Ch. 15) |249 |

|PRINCIPLES OF ASEPSIS |138 |Principles of Sterile Technique (Ch. 15) |257 |

|Principle 1: Sterile Field |138 |Principles of Sterile Technique (Ch. 15) |257 |

|Principle 2: Sterile Team Member Attire |139 |Principles of Sterile Technique (Ch. 15) |257 |

|Principle 3: Movement in and around Sterile Field |140 |Principles of Sterile Technique (Ch. 15) |258 |

|SURGICAL CONSCIENCE |140 |Surgical Conscience (Ch. 3) |49 |

| | |No Compromise of Sterility (Ch. 15) |262 |

|CLEANING, DISINFECTION, AND STERILIZATION |141 |Instrument Cleaning and Disinfection |281 |

| | |(Ch. 17) | |

|Cleaning and Disinfection |142 |Instrument Cleaning and Disinfection |281 |

| | |(Ch. 17) | |

|Disinfectant and Disinfectant/Sterilant Agents |147 |Methods of Disinfection (Ch. 17) |287 |

|INSTRUMENT PREPARATION AND WRAPPING FOR STERILIZATION |151 | | |

|Instruments |151 |Inspecting and Testing (Ch. 17) |284 |

|Specific Procedural Trays |151 | | |

|Instrument Sets |151 |Assembly of Instrument Sets (Ch. 18) |299 |

|PACKAGING FOR STERILIZATION AND STORAGE |152 |Packaging Instruments and other Items for |301 |

| | |Sterilization (Ch. 18) | |

|Performance Standards of Packaging Material |152 |Packaging Instruments and other Items for |301 |

| | |Sterilization (Ch. 18) | |

|Performance Characteristics |152 |Packaging Instruments and other Items for |301 |

| | |Sterilization (Ch. 18) | |

|Types of Packaging Materials |153 |Packaging Materials and Methods (Ch. 18) |302 |

|General Principles of Packaging |155 |Packaging Instruments and other Items for |301 |

| | |Sterilization (Ch. 18) | |

|Sterilization |158 |Thermal Sterilization (Ch. 18) |304 |

|Requirements and Essential Factors |159 |Reliability Parameters for Sterilization (Ch. 18) |298 |

|Basic Components of a Steam Sterilizer |160 |Thermal Sterilization (Ch. 18) |305 |

|GAS STERILIZATION |163 |Chemical Sterilization (Ch. 18) |312 |

|Ethylene Oxide |163 |Ethylene Oxide Gas Sterilization (Ch. 18) |312 |

|Alternative Gas Sterilization Methods |164 |Hydrogen Peroxide Plasma Sterilization |316 |

| | |(Ch. 18) | |

| | |Ozone Gas Sterilization | |

|LIQUID CHEMICAL STERILIZATION PROCESSES |165 |Chemical Sterilants in Solution (Ch. 18) |317 |

|IONIZING RADIATION |165 |Radiation Sterilization (Ch. 18) |319 |

|METHODS OF MONITORING THE STERILIZATION PROCESS |165 |Monitoring the Sterilization Cycle |298 |

| | |(Ch. 18) | |

|Mechanical Methods of Monitoring the Sterilization |165 |Mechanical Indicators (Ch. 18) |299 |

|Process | | | |

|Chemical Methods of Monitoring the Sterilization |166 |Chemical Indicators (Ch. 18) |299 |

|Process | | | |

|Biological Methods of Monitoring the Sterilization |166 |Biologic Indicators (Ch. 18) |299 |

|Process | | | |

|Bowie-Dick Test |167 | | |

|EVENT-RELATED STERILITY |167 |Shelf Life (Ch.18) |320 |

|Environmental Decontamination |168 |Establishing the Perioperative Environment (Ch.12) |204 |

|Environmental Services |168 |Daily Terminal Cleaning (Ch. 12) |208 |

|Case by Case |168 |Room Turnover Between Patients |205 |

| | |(Ch. 12) | |

|Daily |168 |Daily Terminal Cleaning (Ch. 12) |208 |

|CHAPTER 8 | |CH. 21 PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT | |

|GENERAL PATIENT CARE AND SAFETY | |CH. 26 POSITIONING, PREPPING, AND DRAPING THE PATIENT| |

| | |CH. 28 HEMOSTASIS AND WOUND CLOSURE | |

| | |CH. 31 POTENTIAL PERIOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | |

|PREOPERATIVE PATIENT ROUTINES |172 |Preoperative Preparation of All Patients (Ch 21) |365 |

|Surgical Consent |173 |Preoperative Preparation of All Patients (Ch 21) |367 |

|Preoperative Education |175 |Preoperative Teaching (Ch. 21) |371 |

|Patient Possessions |175 |Preoperative Preparation of All Patients (Ch 21) |367 |

|Evening/Morning before Surgery |176 |Evening before an Elective Surgical Procedure (Ch. |367 |

| | |21) | |

|Diet |177 |Preoperative Preparation of All Patients (Ch 21) |366 |

|Makeup and Dress |177 |Preoperative Preparation of All Patients (Ch 21) |367 |

|Call to Operating Room |177 |Before Leaving for the Operating Room (Ch. 21) |374 |

|Family Visit |177 |Before Leaving for the Operating Room (Ch. 21) |375 |

|Patient Identification |177 |Before Leaving for the Operating Room (Ch. 21) |375 |

|Transportation |178 |Transportation to the Operating Room Suite (Ch. 21) |375 |

|TRANSFER AND POSITIONING |179 |Admission to the Operating Room Suite |376 |

| | |(Ch. 21) | |

|BASIC POSITIONING FOR SURGERY |180 |Preliminary Considerations (Ch. 26) |470 |

|Supine Position |181 |Supine (Dorsal) Position (Ch. 26) |483 |

|Trendelenburg Position |183 |Trendelenburg’s Position (Ch. 26) |487 |

|Reverse Trendelenburg Position |184 |Reverse Trendelenburg’s Position (Ch. 26) |487 |

|Fowler’s Position and Sitting Position |184 |Fowler’s Position (Ch. 26) |487 |

|Lithotomy Position |185 |Lithotomy Position (Ch. 26) |487 |

|Prone Position |186 |Prone Position (Ch. 26) |488 |

|Kraske (Jackknife Position) |188 |Kraske (Jackknife) Position (Ch. 26) |489 |

|Lateral Position |189 |Lateral Positions (Ch. 26) |489 |

|Kidney Position |190 |Kidney Position (Ch. 26) |490 |

|Sim’s Position |191 |Sim’s Position (Ch. 26) |490 |

|THERMOREGULATORY DEVICES |191 | | |

|VITAL SIGNS |192 |Monitoring Physiologic Functions |513 |

| | |(Ch. 27) | |

|Temperature |192 |Metabolic Crises (Ch. 31) |617 |

|Pulse |193 | | |

|Respiration |194 |Physiologic Parameters Monitored |519 |

| | |(Ch. 27) | |

|Blood Pressure |196 |Physiologic Parameters Monitored |519 |

| | |(Ch. 27) | |

|URINARY CATHETERIZATION |199 |Urinary Catheterization (Ch. 26) |491 |

|Indications |200 |Urinary Catheterization (Ch. 26) |492 |

|Procedure |200 |Urinary Catheterization (Ch. 26) |492 |

|Considerations |200 |Urinary Catheterization (Ch. 26) |492 |

|SKIN PREPARATION |202 |Principles of Patient Skin Preparation |494 |

| | |(Ch. 26) | |

|Skin Preparation Setup |203 |Antiseptic Skin Cleansing Fundamentals |495 |

| | |(h. 26) | |

|Skin Marking |206 | | |

|HEMOSTASIS AND BLOOD REPLACEMENT |206 |Hemostasis (Ch. 28) |529 |

|Factors Affecting Hemostasis |207 |Hemotologic disorders (Ch. 31) |611 |

|Control of Bleeding during Surgery |207 |Methods of Hemostasis (Ch. 28) |530 |

|Mechanical Methods |207 |External Mechanical Methods (Ch. 28) |531 |

| | |Internal Mechanical Methods |534 |

|THERMAL HEMOSTASIS |209 |Thermal Methods (Ch. 28) |535 |

|PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS |209 |Chemical Methods (Ch. 28) |530 |

|Blood Loss |210 |Blood Volume Complications (Ch. 31) |608 |

|Blood Replacement |210 |Blood Loss Replacement (Ch. 31) |612 |

|Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions |211 | | |

|CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION |211 |Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Ch. 31) |602 |

|Cardiac Arrest in the Surgical Setting |212 |Cardiac Arrest (Ch. 31) |597 |

|MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA |213 |Malignant Hyperthermia (Ch. 31) |617 |

|Prevention |213 |Malignant Hyperthermia (Ch. 31) |617 |

|Treatment |213 |Malignant Hyperthermia (Ch. 31) |618 |

|EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES |213 | | |

|INDICATIONS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS |214 | | |

|OBJECTIVES AND PRIORITIES IN ERMERGENCY SITUATIONS |214 | | |

|Syncope |214 | | |

|Convulsions/Seizures |215 |Convulsions (Ch. 31) |616 |

|Anaphalactic Reactions |211 |Drug Interactions (Ch. 31) |598 |

|Clinical Manifestations of Impending Cardiac Arrest |216 |Cardiac Arrest (Ch. 31) |597 |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 9 | |CH. 21 PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT | |

|SURGICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND ANESTHESIA | |CH. 23 SURGICAL PHARMACOLOGY | |

| | |CH. 24 ANESTHESIA: TECHNIQUES AND AGENTS | |

| | |CH. 31 POTENTIAL PERIOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS | |

| | |CH. 31 POSTOPERATIVE PATIENT CARE | |

|PHARMACOLOGY |219 |CH. 23 SURGICAL PHARMACOLOGY |394 |

|Drug Sources |219 |Surgical Drug and Pharmaceutical Sources (Ch. 23) |398 |

|Drug Forms |220 |Pharmacologic Forms Used in Surgery (Ch. 23) |398 |

|Drug Nomenclature |220 |Drug Names (Ch. 23) |395 |

|Route of Administration |221 | | |

|Drug Classifications |221 | | |

|Pharmacokinetics |221 | | |

|Pharmacodynamics |222 | | |

|DRUG-HANDLING TECHNIQUES |223 |Handling Drugs and Pharmacologic Materials in Surgery|397 |

| | |(Ch. 23) | |

|Medication Identification |223 | | |

|Supplies for Medication Handling |225 |Handling Drugs and Pharmacologic Materials in Surgery|397 |

| | |(Ch. 23) | |

|Transfer of a Medication to the Sterile Field |225 |Handling Drugs and Pharmacologic Materials in Surgery|397 |

| | |(Ch. 23) | |

|Medications Commonly Used in the Operating Room |226 |Box 23-4 (Ch. 23) |399 |

|HISTORY OF MODERN ANESTHESIA |229 |Historical Background (Ch. 24) |401 |

|METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF ANESTHETIC ADMINISTRATION |231 |Types of Anesthesia (Ch. 24) |402 |

| | |Choice of Anesthesia |403 |

|GENERAL ANESTHESIA |231 |General Anesthesia (Ch. 24) |404 |

|Depth of General Anesthesia |231 |General Anesthesia (Ch. 24) |404 |

|Phases of General Anesthesia |232 |Balanced Anesthesia (Ch. 24) |418 |

|Advantages of General Anesthesia |232 |General Anesthesia (Ch. 24) |404 |

|Risks and Complications Associated with General |232 |CH. 31 POTENTIAL PERIOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS |588 |

|Anesthesia | | | |

|Anesthetic Agents |235 |Inhalation Anesthetic agents and Intravenous |410 |

| | |Anesthetic Agents (Ch. 24) | |

|Adjuncts to General Anesthesia |240 |Controlled Homeostasis (Ch. 24) |418 |

|Anesthesia Equipment |241 |Anesthesia Machine (Ch. 24) |407 |

| | |Monitoring Depth of Anesthesia (Ch. 24) |417 |

| | |Monitoring Physiologic Function (Ch. 27) |513 |

|NERVE CONDUCTION BLOCKADE |244 |Local and Regional Anesthesia (Ch. 24) |423 |

|Nerve Conduction Blocking Agents |244 |Table 24-4 |429 |

|Topical Anesthesia |246 |Topical Application (Ch. 24) |433 |

|Local Anesthesia |246 |Local Anesthesia (Ch. 24) |425 |

|Regional Anesthesia |246 |Spinal and Epidural Anesthesia (Ch. 24) |427 |

|NONTRADITIONAL ANESTHESIA OPTIONS |249 |Alternatives to Conventional Anesthesia |440 |

| | |(Ch. 24) | |

|TEAM MEMBER ROLES DURING ANESTHESIA ADMINISTRATION |249 | | |

|Preoperative Visits |250 |PreoperativeVisit by the Perioperative/Perianesthesia|368 |

| | |Nurse | |

| | |(Ch. 21) | |

| | |PreoperativeVisit by the Anesthesia Provider (Ch. 21)|372 |

|Preoperative Routine-All Types of Anesthesia |250 |CH. 21 PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT |364 |

|Postanesthesia Care |253 |CH. 31 POSTOPERATIVE PATIENT CARE |581 |

|CHAPTER 10 | |CH. 19 SURGICAL INSTRUMENTATION | |

|INSTRUMENTATION, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES | |Also found in various other chapters throughout the | |

| | |book. | |

|INSTRUMENTATION |259 |Fabrication of Metal Instruments (Ch. 19) |324 |

|Classifications |259 |Classification of Instruments (Ch. 19) |326 |

|Instrument Care and Handling |264 |Handling Instruments (Ch. 19) |339 |

|Types of Instrument Sets |265 | | |

|SPECIALTY EQUIPMENT |269 | | |

|Endoscopes |269 |Endoscopes (Ch. 19) |334 |

|Power Tools |270 |Powered Surgical Instruments (Ch. 19) |33 |

|Lasers |270 |Laser Surgery (Ch. 19) |270 |

|Microscopes |273 |Operating Microscope (Ch.20) |357 |

|Video Monitors, Recorders, and Cameras |273 |Vision within the Working Space |627 |

| | |(Ch. 32) | |

|Fiber-optic Headlamps and Light Sources |274 | | |

|Irrigation/Aspiration Units |274 | | |

|Cryotherapy Units |274 |Thermal Methods (Ch. 28) |535 |

|Insufflators |274 | | |

|Nerve Stimulators |274 |Nerve Stimulator (Ch. 36) |749 |

|ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT |275 | | |

|Suction Systems |275 |Suction and Aspirating (Ch. 19) |334 |

|Electrosurgical Unit |275 |Electrosurgical Unit (Ch. 20) |344 |

|Lights |278 |Lighting (Ch. 10) |188 |

|Pneumatic Tourniquets |279 |Pneumatic Tourniquet (Ch. 28) |532 |

|Sequential Compression Devices |280 |Sequential Compression Device (Ch. 28) |531 |

|SUPPLIES |280 | | |

|Drapes |280 |Draping Materials (Ch. 26) |502 |

|Sterile Packs |282 | | |

|Sponges and Dressings |282 |Sponges (Ch. 25) |462 |

| | |Dressings (Ch. 29) |574 |

|Catheters, Tubes, and Drains |285 |Drains (Ch. 29) |571 |

|Nonsuture Needles |288 |Preparation of the Sterile Field (Ch. 25) |450 |

| | |Angiography and Arteriography (Ch. 22) |387 |

|Irrigators and Syringes |289 |Preparation of the Sterile Field (Ch. 25) |450 |

|CHAPTER 11 | |CH. 28 HEMOSTASIS AND WOUND CLOSURE | |

|WOUND HEALING, SUTURES, NEEDLES, AND STAPLING DEVICES | |CH. 29 WOUND HEALING | |

|INTRODUCTION |292 | | |

|TYPES OF WOUNDS |292 |Types of Wounds (Ch. 29) |565 |

|Surgical Wound |292 |Intentional Wounds (Ch. 29) |565 |

|Traumatic Wound |293 |Unintentional Wounds; Traumatic Injuries (Ch. 29) |566 |

|Chronic Wound |294 |Incidental and Chronic Wounds (Ch. 29) |566 |

|INFLAMMATORY PROCESS |294 |Inflammatory and Immune Responses |569 |

| | |(Ch. 29) | |

|TYPES OF WOUND HEALING |294 | | |

|First Intention (Primary Union) |294 |First Intention/Primary Union (Ch. 29) |564 |

|Phases of Wound Healing by First Intention |295 |First Intention/Primary Union (Ch. 29) |564 |

|Second Intention (Granulation) |295 |Second Intention (Ch. 29) |565 |

|Third Intention (Delayed Primary Closure) |295 |Third Intention /Delayed Primary Closure |565 |

| | |(Ch. 29) | |

|FACTORS INFLUENCING WOUND HEALING |295 |Factors Influencing Wound Healing |568 |

| | |(Ch. 29) | |

|COMPLICATIONS OF THE HEALING WOUND |296 |Complications of Wound Healing (Ch. 29) |576 |

|Intraoperative Wound Care |297 |Surgical Technique (Ch. 29) |570 |

| | |Wound Management |571 |

|Postoperative Wound Care |298 |Drains (Ch. 29) |571 |

| | |Dressings |574 |

|SUTURE |298 |Sutures (Ch. 28) |537 |

|History |298 |Historical Background (Ch. 28) |528 |

|Types of Suture Material |299 |Specifications for Suture Material |540 |

| | |(Ch. 28) | |

|Suture Sizes |300 |Specifications for Suture Material |541 |

| | |(Ch. 28) | |

|General Factors Affecting Choice of Suture |300 |Choice of Suture Material (Ch. 28) |541 |

|Characteristics of Common Sutures |300 |Specifications for Suture Material |540 |

| | |(Ch. 28) | |

| | |Absorbable Sutures |541 |

| | |Non absorbable Suture |543 |

|Packaging of Suture |303 |Suture and Needles: Packaging and Preparation (Ch. |549 |

| | |28) | |

|Ligatures |303 |Internal Mechanical Methods (Ch. 28) |534 |

|Ligating Methods |303 |Internal Mechanical Methods (Ch. 28) |534 |

|Suture for the Procedure |304 |Considerations in the Choice of Needle and Suture |549 |

| | |(Ch. 28) | |

|Layer Closure |305 | | |

|Endoscopic Suture |307 |Endoscopic Suturing (Ch. 28) |540 |

|Suturing Techniques |307 |Suturing Techniques (Ch. 28) |537 |

|Accessory Devices |309 |Retention Bridges, Bolsters, and Bumpers |539 |

| | |(Ch. 28) | |

| | |Tissue Adhesives |552 |

|STAPLING DEVICES |310 |Surgical Staples (Ch. 28) |551 |

|Types of Staplers |312 |Stapling Instruments (Ch. 28) |551 |

|Meshes or Fabrics |313 |Synthetic Meshes (Ch. 28) |554 |

|NEEDLES |314 |Surgical Needles (Ch. 28) |545 |

|Needle Eye |314 |Eye of the Needle (Ch. 28) |547 |

|Needle Point |315 |Point of the Needle (Ch. 28) |546 |

|Needle Bodies |315 |Body of the Needle (Ch. 28) |546 |

|CHAPTER 12 | |Topics are found in various chapters throughout the | |

|SURGICAL CASE MANAGEMENT | |book. | |

|INTRODUCTION |318 | | |

|Applied Theory |319 |Aseptic Technique and Environmental Controls (Ch. 15)|251 |

|PREOPERATIVE CASE MANAGEMENT |323 | | |

|Attire |323 |Appropriate Operating Room Attire |264 |

| | |(Ch. 16) | |

|Preparing the OR |327 |Principles of Sterile Technique (Ch. 15) |257 |

| | |Surgical Scrub and Hand Cleansing |271 |

| | |(Ch. 16) | |

|ORGANIZING THE BACK TABLE |341 |Preparation of Sterile Field (Ch. 25) |446 |

|Organizing the Mayo Stand |346 |Preparation of Sterile Field (Ch. 25) |447 |

|Assisting a Team Member |346 |Assisted Gowning and Gloving of a Team Member (Ch. |277 |

| | |16) | |

|Draping the Surgical Patient |346 |Principles of Draping (Ch. 26) |505 |

|Positioning of the Sterile Team Members and the |353 | | |

|Furniture | | | |

|INTRAOPERATIVE CASE MANAGEMENT |353 | | |

|General Principles |353 |During the Surgical Procedure (Ch. 25) |451 |

| | |Counting Procedures (Ch. 25) |461 |

| | |Dismantling the Instrument Table |342 |

| | |(Ch. 19) | |

|Progression of the Surgical Procedure |361 | | |

|POSTOPERATIVE CASE MANAGEMENT |363 | | |

|Preservation of the Sterile Field |363 | | |

|Drape Removal |363 |After the Surgical Procedure is Complete (Ch. 25) |459 |

|Gown and Glove Removal |364 |After the Surgical Procedure is Complete (Ch. 25) |460 |

| | |Removing or Changing Contaminated Gown or Gloves (Ch.| |

| | |16) |278 |

|Immediate Postoperative Care |364 |After the Surgical Procedure is Complete (Ch. 25) |460 |

|Patient Transfer and Transportation |364 |Patient Transfer from the Operating Room (Ch. 25) |460 |

|Breakdown of the Setup |365 |Room Turnover Activities by the Scrub Person (Ch. 12)|206 |

|The Operating Room Cycle |365 |Establishing the Perioperative Environment (Ch. 12) |204 |

| | |Room Turnover Between Patients | |

| | | |205 |

|The Instrument Cycle |366 |Handling Instruments (Ch. 19) |339 |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 13 | |CH. 21PREOPERATIVE PATIENT CARE | |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES | |CH. 22 DIAGNOSTIC POCEDURES | |

|SOURCES OF PATIENT DATA |371 | | |

|History and Physical Examination |371 |Preoperative Preparation of all Patients |365 |

| | |(Ch. 21) | |

|Diagnostic Imaging |371 |Diagnostic Imaging (Ch. 22) |383 |

|Laboratory Reports |378 |Preadmission Procedures (Ch. 21) |365 |

|Electrodiagnostic Studies |381 |Preadmission Procedures (Ch. 21) |365 |

|Pulmonary Diagnosis |382 |Blood Gases and pH (Ch. 27) |519 |

|Endoscopy |383 |Endoscopy (Ch. 22) |392 |

|Plethysmography and Phleborheography |383 |Plethysmography (Ch. 22) |392 |

|INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY |383 | | |

|CHAPTER 14 | |CH. 33 GENERAL SURGERY | |

|GENERAL SURGERY | |CH. 40 OTORHINOLAYNGOLOGIC AND HEAD AND NECK SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY |386 | | |

|Abdominal Cavity: General Dimensions |386 | | |

|Surface Features |386 | | |

|Abdominal Musculature |387 | | |

|Peritoneum |387 | | |

|Retroperitoneum |388 | | |

|Alimentary Canal |388 | | |

|Esophagus |388 |Esophageal procedures |652 |

|Stomach |389 |Gastric Procedures |654 |

|Small Intestine |390 |Intestinal Procedures |659 |

|Mesentery |391 |Intestinal Procedures |659 |

|Colon |391 |Intestinal Procedures |659 |

|Rectum |393 | | |

|Anus |393 | | |

|Omenta |394 | | |

|Pancreas |394 |Pancreatic Procedures |651 |

|Spleen |395 |Splenic Procedures |651 |

|Liver |395 |Liver Procedures |649 |

|Biliary Tract |396 |Biliary Tract Procedures |644 |

|GENERAL SURGERY INSTRUMENTATION |397 | | |

|Major Set |397 | | |

|Minor Set |397 | | |

|Local Excision Instruments |399 | | |

|Biliary Instruments |399 | | |

|Intestinal Instruments |400 | | |

|Other General Instruments |400 | | |

|ROOM SETUP |400 | | |

|POSITIONING |400 |Special Considerations for General Surgery |636 |

|DRAPING |400 |Special Considerations for General Surgery |636 |

|INCISIONS |402 |Types of Abdominal Incisions |642 |

|SURGERY OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL: HERNIAS |404 |Hernia Procedures |668 |

|Specific Anatomic Features of the Groin Area |404 | | |

|Hernias |405 |Hernia Procedures |668 |

|Hernia Repair |405 |Hernia Procedures |668 |

|SURGERY OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL |407 | | |

|Surgery of the Esophagus |408 |Esophageal procedures |652 |

|Gastric Surgery |408 | | |

|Pathological Conditions of the Stomach |408 |Gastric Procedures |654 |

|Procedures Related to Gastric Secretion, Ulcers, and |416 |Gastric Procedures |655 |

|Neoplasm | | | |

|Procedures for Morbid Obesity |416 |Bariatric Surgery |657 |

|Surgery of the Small Bowel |416 |Intestinal Procedures |658 |

|Appendectomy |420 |Appendectomy |663 |

|Colon Surgery |425 |Intestinal Procedures |659 |

|STOMAS |427 |Intestinal Stomas |660 |

|Anorectal Surgery |427 |Anorectal Procedures |666 |

|Hemorrhoid Ligation and Excision |430 |Hemorrhoidectomy |666 |

|Surgery of the Liver and Biliary Tract |430 |Biliary Tract Procedures |644 |

| | |Liver Procedures |649 |

|Common Bile Duct Exploration |439 |Common Bile Duct Exploration |646 |

|SURGERY OF THE PANCREAS AND SPLEEN |447 |Pancreatic Procedures |651 |

| | |Splenic Procedures |651 |

|Select Pathology of the Pancreas |447 |Pancreatic Procedures |651 |

|Draining Pancreatic Cysts |448 |Pancreaticojejunostomy |651 |

|Pancreatic Resection |448 |Pancreatectomy |652 |

|Whipple Pancreaticoduodenectomy |448 |Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple Proceure |651 |

|Surgery of the Spleen |452 |Splenic Procedures |651 |

|VASCULAR AND OTHER PROCEDURES |454 | | |

|Varicose Veins |454 |Ligation and Stripping of Varicose Veins |919 |

| | |(Ch. 43) | |

|Vascular Access Procedures |455 | | |

|Muscle and Nerve Biopsies |456 | | |

|Incision and Drainage |456 | | |

|Excision of Lesion |456 | | |

|Endoscopy |457 |CH. 32 ENDOSCOPIC SURGERY |622 |

|BREAST SURGERY |457 |Breast Procedures |637 |

|Breast Anatomy |457 |Breast Procedures |637 |

|Breast and Axilla: Pathology and Diagnosis |457 |Breast Procedures |637 |

|Breast Surgery (Noncosmetic) |457 |Breast Procedures |637 |

|SURGERY OF THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID |461 |Surgical Procedures of the Anterior Neck |858 |

| | |(Ch. 40) | |

|Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid |461 |Surgical Procedures of the Anterior Neck |858 |

| | |(Ch. 40) | |

|Pathological Conditions of the Thyroid and Parathyroid |461 |Surgical Procedures of the Anterior Neck |858 |

|Glands | |(Ch. 40) | |

|Thyroidectomy |461 |Surgical Procedures of the Anterior Neck |858 |

| | |(Ch. 40) | |

|TRACHEOTOMY |461 |Surgical Procedures of the Trachea |856 |

| | |(Ch. 40) | |

|Indications for a Tracheotomy |461 |Surgical Procedures of the Trachea |856 |

| | |(Ch. 40) | |

|Illustrative Procedure: Tracheotomy |467 | | |

|CHAPTER 15 | |CH. 34 GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC SURGERY | |

|OBSTETRIC AND GYNOCOLOGIC SURGERY | | | |

|INTRODUCTION TO OBSTETRIC AND GYNOCOLOGICAL SURGERY |478 |CH. 34 GYNECOLOGIC AND OBSTETRIC SURGERY |672 |

|ANATOMY |478 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive |673 |

| | |System | |

|The Pelvis |478 | | |

|External Genitalia |481 |Female External Genitalia |673 |

|Vagina |481 |Internal Female Reproductive Organs |674 |

|Uterus |482 |Internal Female Reproductive Organs |674 |

|Fallopian Tubes |483 |Internal Female Reproductive Organs |675 |

|Ovaries |483 |Internal Female Reproductive Organs |675 |

|PREGNANCY-A SPECIAL CONDITION |485 |Perioperative Obstetrics |691 |

|Select Key Terms in Labor and Delivery |486 | | |

|Labor |486 | | |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTATION, DRUGS, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES|487 | | |

|IN OBSTETRIC AND GYNOCOLOGICAL SURGERY | | | |

|Instrumentation |487 | | |

| Drugs |487 | | |

|Equipment |494 | | |

|Supplies |494 | | |

|OR SETUP AND BASIC PATIENT POSITIONING AND DRAPING |494 |Gynecology: General Considerations |676 |

| | |Position |692 |

|SURGICAL PROCEDURES: OBSTETRICS AND FERTILITY RELATED |494 | | |

|Pathology and Surgical Conditions: Obstetrics and |494 | | |

|Fertility Related | | | |

|Vaginal Delivery |495 | | |

|Cesarean Section |497 |Cesarean Birth |694 |

|Tubal Occlusion (Sterilization) Procedures |503 |Tubal Ligation |689 |

|Tuboplasty |504 |Tuboplasty | |

|Laproscopic Resection of Unruptured Tubal Pregnancy |507 | | |

|SURGICAL PROCEDURES: GYNECOLOGICAL PROCEDURES |510 | | |

|Gynecological Pathology |510 | | |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION OVERVIEW |510 | | |

|Abdominal Incisions for Gynecological Surgery |510 | | |

|Surgical Intervention: Laparoscopy |515 |Laparoscopy |681 |

|Basic Colposcopy |518 |Colposcopy |679 |

|Hysteroscopy |518 |Hysteroscopy |681 |

|Marsupialization of Bartholin’s Gland Cyst |521 |Bartholin Glands |683 |

|Simple Vulvectomy |521 |Vulvectomy |682 |

|Anterior and Posterior Repair (Colporrhaphy) |524 |Procedures for Repair of the Pelvic Outlet |684 |

|Cervical Biopsy, Cryotherapy, Laser Treatment, LEEP, |533 |Biopsy of the Cervix |678 |

|and Conization | | | |

|Dilation and Curettage |535 |Dilation and Curettage |686 |

|Myomectomy |538 |Myomectomy |689 |

|Total Abdominal Hysterectomy and Bilateral |542 |Abdominal Hysterectomy |689 |

|Salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO) | | | |

|Vaginal and Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal |546 |Vaginal Hysterectomy |687 |

|Hysterectomy (LAVH) | | | |

|Radical Cancer Surgery: Total Pelvic Exenteration |547 | | |

|CHAPTER 16 | |CHAPTER 38 | |

|OPHTHALMIC SURGERY | |OPHTHALMIC SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY OF THE EYE |554 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye |794 |

|Orbit |554 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye |794 |

|Extrinsic Muscles |555 | | |

|Lacrimal System |555 | | |

|Globe |556 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye |794 |

|Cavities and Chambers of the Eye |558 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye |794 |

|OPHTHALMIC SURGICAL PATHOLOGY |558 | | |

|Glaucoma |558 |Iris |801 |

|Cataract |558 |Cataract |803 |

|Small Retinal Detachment |558 |Retina |805 |

|Large Retinal Detachment |558 |Retina |805 |

|Vitreous Hemorrhage |558 |Vitrectomy |807 |

|Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR) |559 |Retina |806 |

|Traction Retinal Detachment |559 |Vitrectomy |807 |

|Epiretinal Membarane |559 | | |

|Corneal Pathology |559 | | |

|Chalazion |559 | | |

|Pterygium |559 |Pterygium |799 |

|Dacryocystitis |559 |Lacrimal Apparatus |799 |

|Strabismus |559 | | |

|OPTHALMIC MEDICATIONS |560 |Ophthalmic Drugs |796 |

|SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN OPHTHALMIC SURGERY |560 | | |

|Special Equipment |560 |Operating Microscope |796 |

| | |Ophthalmic Lasers |811 |

|Instruments |561 | | |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION |562 |Ocular Surgical Procedures |797 |

|Surgical Repair of Ptosis |562 |Eyelid |798 |

|Iridectomy |563 |Iris |801 |

|Trabeculoplasty |563 |Iris |802 |

|Strabismus Correction: Recession/Resection |563 | | |

|Adjustable Suture Surgery |566 | | |

|Scleral Buckle |567 |Retina |806 |

|Enucleation and Evisceration of the Eye (Traditional |571 |Surgical Removal of the Eye |798 |

|Approach) | | | |

|Keratoplasty (Corneal Transplant) |573 |Intraocular Procedures |799 |

|Cataract Extraction |577 |Cataract |803 |

|Phacoemulsification |580 |Cataract |804 |

|Vitrectomy |580 |Vitrectomy |807 |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 17 | |CH. 40 | |

|OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIC SURGERY | |OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIC AND HEAD AND NECK SURGERY | |

| | |CH. 41 THORACIC SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY OF THE EAR |587 |Anatomy of the Ear |839 |

|Outer Ear |587 |External Ear |839 |

|Middle Ear |588 |Middle Ear |839 |

|Inner Ear |588 |Inner Ear |839 |

|PATHOLOGY OF THE EAR |589 |Pathology of Hearing |840 |

|Pathology Affecting the Outer Ear |589 | | |

|Pathology Affecting the Middle Ear |589 | | |

|Pathology Affecting the Inner Ear |590 | | |

|Diagnostic Procedures/Tests for the Ear |590 | | |

|PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS |591 |General Considerations in Ear, Nose, and Throat |837 |

| | |Procedures | |

| | |General Considerations |841 |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, DRUGS |592 |General Considerations in Ear, Nose, and Throat |838 |

| | |Procedures | |

| | |General Considerations |841 |

|EAR PROCEDURES |592 |Surgical Procedures of the Ear |841 |

|Myringotomy |592 |Myringotomy (Ch. 8) |143 |

|Myringoplasty/Tympanoplasty |596 |Tympanoplasty |842 |

|Mastoidectomy |600 |Mastoidectomy |842 |

|Stapedectomy |600 |Stapedectomy and Stapedotomy |842 |

|Stapedotomy |600 |Stapedectomy and Stapedotomy |842 |

|Cochlear Implants |601 |Implantation of a Cochlear Prosthesis |843 |

|ANATOMY OF THE NOSE AND SINUSES |601 |Anatomy of the Nose |844 |

|External Nose |601 |Anatomy of the Nose |844 |

|Internal Nose |601 |Anatomy of the Nose |844 |

|Paranasal Sinuses |602 |Anatomy of the Nose |844 |

|Blood Supply to the Nose |602 |Anatomy of the Nose |844 |

|Olfaction |603 |Physiology of the Nose |844 |

|PATHOLOGY OF THE NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES |603 | | |

|Rhinitis/Sinusitis |603 |Turbinectomy |846 |

|Nasal Polyps |604 |Polypectomy |846 |

|Hypertrophied Turbinates |604 |Turbinectomy |846 |

|Deviated Nasal Septum |604 |Septoplasty, Septal Reconstruction, and Submucous |847 |

| | |Resection | |

|Septal Perforation |604 |Repair of a Perforated Septum |847 |

|Epistaxis |604 |Epistaxis |845 |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES |605 | | |

|Direct Vision |605 | | |

|Mirror Examination |605 | | |

|Radiography |605 | | |

|PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS |605 |General Considerations |845 |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, AND DRUGS |606 | | |

|NASAL PROCEDURES |609 |Surgical Procedures of the Nose |845 |

|Submucous Resection (SMR) |609 |Septoplasty, Septal Reconstruction, and Submucous |847 |

| | |Resection | |

|Polypectomy |612 |Polypectomy |846 |

|Intranasal Antrostomy |612 | | |

|Removal of Foreign Body |612 |Nasal Obstruction |846 |

|Internal Maxillary Artery Ligation |613 |Artery Ligation |846 |

|Sinus Procedures |613 |Paranasal Sinus Procedures |847 |

|Caldwell-Luc |613 |Procedure |847 |

|Ethmoidectomy |615 |Ethmoidectomy |847 |

|Sphenoidectomy |616 |Sphenoid Sinus Procedure |848 |

|Drainage of the Frontal Sinus |616 | | |

|Sinus Endoscopy |616 |Endoscopic Sinus Surgery |848 |

|ANATOMY OF THE UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT |618 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Oral Cavity and Throat |848 |

|Pharynx |618 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Oral Cavity and Throat |848 |

|Larynx |620 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Neck |853 |

|Trachea |621 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Neck |853 |

|Bronchi and Lungs |621 |Thoracic Cavity (Ch.41) |867 |

|Esophagus |621 |Gastric Procedures (Ch. 33) |654 |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT |621 | | |

|Pharyngitis |621 | | |

|Epiglottis |622 | | |

|Tonsillitis |622 | | |

|Sleep Apnea |623 | | |

|Laryngitis |623 | | |

|Polypoid Corditis or Vocal Cord Polyps |623 | | |

|Vocal Cord Nodules |623 | | |

|Vocal Cord Granulomas |623 | | |

|Laryngeal Neoplasms |624 | | |

|Tracheitis and Bronchitis |624 | | |

|Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup) |624 | | |

|Foreign Bodies |624 | | |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE ESOPHAGUS |624 | | |

|Esophagitis |624 | | |

|Ulceration of the Esophagus |624 | | |

|Neoplasms Affecting the Esophagus |624 | | |

|Foreign Bodies |625 | | |

|Zenker’s Diverticulum |625 | | |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES/TESTS |625 | | |

|Direct Visualization |625 | | |

|Indirect Visualization |625 | | |

|Laboratory Tests |625 | | |

|Radiological Examinations |625 | | |

|Videostroboscopy |626 | | |

|Polysomnography |626 | | |

|Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) |626 | | |

|PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS |626 | | |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, DRUGS |626 | | |

|AERODIGESTIVE TRACT PROCEDURES |628 | | |

|Adenoidectomy |628 |Adenoidectomy |850 |

|Tonsillectomy |628 |Tonsillectomy |850 |

|Incision and Drainage of a Peritonsellar Abscess |631 |Incision and Drainage of a Peritonsellar Abscess |850 |

|Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |631 |Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |849 |

|Laryngoscopy |633 |Laryngoscopy |852 |

|Bronchoscopy |636 |Bronchoscopy (Ch. 41) |871 |

|Esophagoscopy |636 |Esophagoscopy |855 |

|Panendoscopy |636 | | |

|Radical Neck Dissection with Mandibulectomy |636 |Neck Dissections |859 |

|CHAPTER 18 | |CH. 40 | |

|ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY | |OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIC AND HEAD AND NECK SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY OF THE ORAL CAVITY |645 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Oral Cavity and Throat |848 |

|Lips |645 | | |

|Teeth |645 | | |

|Palate |646 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Oral Cavity and Throat |848 |

|Cheeks |646 | | |

|Tongue |646 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Oral Cavity and Throat |848 |

|ANATOMY OF THE FACE AND CRANIUM |646 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Face |861 |

|Orbit |647 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Face |861 |

|Facial Muscles and Innervation |647 | | |

|EMBRYOLOGICAL EVELOPMENT OF THE FACE |648 | | |

|PATHOLOGY OF THE ORAL CAVITY |649 | | |

|Mouth |649 | | |

|Jaw Bones |649 |Orthognathic Surgery |865 |

|Mandibular Fractures |649 |Mandibular Fractures |864 |

|Frontal Fractures |650 | | |

|Orbital Fractures |650 |Reduction of Orbital Fractures |863 |

|Zygomatic Fractures |650 |Reduction of Zygomatic Fractures |864 |

|Midfacial Fractures |651 |Midfacial Fractures |863 |

|Craniofacial Deformities |651 |Resection of Craniofacial Tumors and Dysplasia |863 |

|DIAGNOSTIC TESTS |651 | | |

|ORAL PROCEDURES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS |652 | | |

|Tooth Extraction/Odontectomy |653 | | |

|Tooth Restoration |657 | | |

|Implantation |657 |Dental Implant |851 |

|MAXILLOFACIAL PROCEDURES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS |658 | | |

|Graft Materials |658 |Inlay Bone Grafts |851 |

| | |Mandibular Reconstruction |864 |

|Repair of Mandibular/Maxillary Fractures |659 | | |

|Application of Arch Bars |659 | | |

|Wire Fixation |662 | | |

|Plate and Screw Fixation of Mandibular Fracture |663 | | |

|Frontal Fracture Repair |666 | | |

|Orbital Floor Fracture Repair |667 | | |

|Reduction of Zygomatic Fractures |670 |Reduction of Zygomatic Fractures |864 |

|Le Fort I Fracture Repair |671 |Midfacial Fractures |863 |

|Le Fort II and III Fracture Repair |675 |Midfacial Fractures |863 |

|Craniofacial Reconstruction |675 | | |

|Correction of Retrognathism or Prognathism |679 |Orthognathic Surgery |865 |

|Temporomandibular Joint Procedures |682 |Temporomandibular Joint Procedures |864 |

|CHAPTER 19 | |CH. 39 | |

|PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY | |PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY |685 | | |

|Skin and Underlying Structures |685 | | |

|Palate |687 | | |

|Nose |687 | | |

|Hand |687 | | |

|Breast |694 | | |

|SURGICAL PATHOLOGY |694 | | |

|Pathology Affecting the Skin |694 |Scars |829 |

| | |Dermabrasion |830 |

| | |Skin Cancer |830 |

| | |Burns |831 |

|Cleft Lip and Palate |696 |Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery |144 |

| | |(Ch. 8) | |

|Pathology Affecting the Hand |697 |Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery |145 |

| | |(Ch. 8) | |

|Pathology Affecting the Breast |701 |Breast |826 |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES AND TESTS |701 | | |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTATION, SUPPLIES, DRUGS, AND EQUIPMENT|701 |General Considerations in Plastic Surgery |813 |

|Nasal Set |701 | | |

|Dermatome |702 |Skin Graft Knives and Dermatomes |815 |

|Mesh Graft Device |704 |Types of Skin and Tissue Grafts |817 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION |704 | | |

|Rhytidectomy |704 |Rhytidectomy |824 |

|Blepharoplasty |706 |Blepharoplasty |823 |

|Suction Lipectomy |707 |Liposuction |825 |

|Abdominoplasty |708 |Abdominoplasty |825 |

|Skin Grafts |709 |Skin and Tissue Grafting |815 |

|Dermabrasion |713 |Dermabrasion |830 |

|Scar Revision |713 |Scar Revision |829 |

|Cheiloplasty and Palatoplasty |713 | | |

|Rhinoplasty |714 |Rhinoplasty |824 |

|Hand Surgery |716 |Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery |145 |

| | |(Ch. 8) | |

|Mammoplasty |723 |Breast |826 |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 20 | |CH. 35 UROLOGIC SURGERY | |

|GENITOURINARY SURGERY | | | |

|ANATOMY |732 |Anatomy And Physiology of the Urinary System |706 |

|Suprarenal Glands |732 |Endocrine Glands |737 |

|Kidneys |732 |Kidneys |706 |

|Ureters |735 |Ureters |708 |

|Urinary Bladder |736 |Urinary Bladder |708 |

|Male Reproductive System |737 |Urethra |709 |

| | |Male Reproductive Organs |728 |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE ADRENAL GLANDS |739 | | |

|Cushing’s Syndrome |739 | | |

|Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease) |739 | | |

|Pheochromocytoma |739 | | |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE URINARY SYSTEM |739 | | |

|Bladder Tumors |739 |Urinary Bladder |723 |

|Urinary Calculi |740 |Urolithiasis (Urinary Calculus) |718 |

|Kidney Disorders |740 |Kidney |715 |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM |743 |Male Reproductive Organs |728 |

|Phimosis |743 | | |

|Hypospadias/Epispadias |743 | | |

|Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy |743 |Prostate Gland |730 |

|Cancer of the Prostate |744 |Prostate Gland |730 |

|Cryptorchidism |744 | | |

|Testicular Torsion |744 |Testicular Torsion |729 |

|Testicular Cancer |744 |Testes |728 |

|Trauma to the Genitourinary System |745 | | |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES/TESTS |745 | | |

|History and Physical |745 | | |

|Laboratory Findings |745 | | |

|Radiological Findings |751 | | |

|Biopsy |751 | | |

|Endoscopy |751 |Urologic Endoscopy |709 |

|SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, DRUGS |751 | | |

|PREOPERATIVE AND INTRAOPERATIVE PREPARATION |752 | | |

|Incisional Options |754 | | |

|SURGICAL PROCEDURES |757 | | |

|Adrenalectomy |757 |Adrenal Glands |737 |

|Nephrectomy |757 |Nephrectomy |715 |

|Renal Transplant |762 |Kidney Transplantation (Ch. 44) |933 |

|Stone Removal |763 | | |

|Cystostomy |764 |Suprapubic Cystostomy |723 |

|Cystectomy/Ileal Conduit |766 |Cystectomy |724 |

|Procedures for Stress Incontinence Affecting Women |771 |Urinary Incontinence |726 |

|Transurethral Endoscopy of the Genitourinary Tract |774 | | |

|Circumcision |776 |Adult Male Circumcision |735 |

|Orchiectomy |778 |Orchiectomy |728 |

|Orchiopexy |778 |Orchiopexy (Ch. 8) |138 |

|Hydrocelectomy |781 |Hydrocelectomy |729 |

|Varicocelectomy |781 |Varicocele Ligation |729 |

|Hypospadias Repair |782 |Urethral Repair (Ch. 8) |138 |

|Insertion of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis |782 |Penile Prosthesis |735 |

|Vasectomy |783 |Vasectomy |729 |

|Vasovasostomy |784 |Vasovasostomy |730 |

|Prostatectomy |784 |Prostatectomy (Suprapubic and Retropubic) |732 |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 21 | |CH. 21 ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY | |

|ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY | | | |

|BONE AND BONE TISSUE |792 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Musculoskeletal System |741 |

|Bone Tissue |792 |Bones |741 |

|Types of Bones |794 |Bones |741 |

|Types of Joints |794 |Joints |741 |

|Bone Growth and Bone Cells |797 | | |

|Intramembranous Bones |798 | | |

|Endochondral Bone |798 | | |

|Mineral Storage |798 | | |

|Factors That Affect Bone Growth |798 | | |

|Clinical and Bone Landmark Terms |798 | | |

|PATHOLOGY |798 | | |

|Types of Fractures |805 |Fractures |751 |

|Normal Bone Healing |805 |Bone Healing |742 |

|Pathological Bone Healing |806 | | |

|Diagnostic Terms and Procedures |808 | | |

|THE SKELETON |808 | | |

|The Skull |808 | | |

|Vertebral Column |811 | | |

|Bones of the Thoracic Region |812 | | |

|Clavicles |812 | | |

|Scapula |812 | | |

|Pectoral Girdle |812 | | |

|Humerus |812 | | |

|Radius and Ulna |813 | | |

|Hand and Wrist |814 | | |

|Pelvis |814 | | |

|Hip and Femur |814 | | |

|Tibia and Fibula |814 | | |

|Ankle and Foot |816 | | |

|EQUIPMENT |818 |Special Features of Orthopedic Surgery |744 |

|Positioning Devices |818 |Orthopedic Table |749 |

| | |Special Considerations in Orthopedic Surgery |750 |

|Pneumatic Tourniquets |819 |General Considerations |750 |

| | |Pneumatic Tourniquet |532 |

|Traction |819 |Orthopedic Table |749 |

| | |Skeletal Traction |752 |

|Lasers |819 |Lasers |749 |

|Radiography |819 |X-Ray Control |749 |

|Air Flow |820 |Ultraclean Air System |749 |

|Continuous Passive Range-of-Motion Machines |820 | | |

|Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation |820 |Nerve Simulator |749 |

|Electrical Stimulation of Bone |820 |Special Considerations in Orthopedic Surgery |750 |

|Saws, Drills, and Reamers |820 |Cutting Instruments |745 |

|Arthroscopic Equipment |820 |Arthroscopy |759 |

|SUPPLIES |821 |Items Used Frequentl |747 |

|Implants |821 |Prosthetic Implants |747 |

|Suture |821 |Sutures |749 |

|Methyl Methacrylate |821 |Methyl Methacrylate (Ch. 28) |558 |

|Pharmacology |821 | | |

|PROCEDURES |822 | | |

|Bone Grafting |822 |Bone Grafts |747 |

| | |Biologic Materials (Ch. 28) |555 |

|Knee Arthroscopy |824 |Arthroscopy |759 |

|Arthroscopic Repair of Meniscal Tear |827 |Knee Injuries |760 |

|Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair | |Knee Injuries |759 |

|Above-the-Knee Amputation | |Above-Knee Amputation (Ch.33) |669 |

|Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release |832 |Neurolysis |761 |

|Colle’s Fracture |835 | | |

|Metacarpal Phalangeal Joint Arthroplasty |840 |Total Joint Replacement |758 |

|Triple Arthrodesis |840 |Arthrodesis |755 |

|Achilles Tendon Repair |841 | | |

|Bunionectomy |842 |Bunionectomy |760 |

|Open Reduction-Internal Fixation (ORIF) of the Humerus |842 | | |

| Shoulder Joint Arthroscopy |845 |Arthroscopy |759 |

| | |Shoulder Injuries |762 |

|Acromioplasty |846 | | |

|Repair of the Rotator Cuff |846 |Shoulder Injuries |762 |

|Internal Fixation of Femoral Shaft Fracture |851 | | |

|Repair of Hip Fracture |852 | | |

|Total Hip Arthroplasty |852 |Total Joint Replacement |756 |

|Total Knee Arthroplasty |859 |Total Joint Replacement |756 |

| | | | |

|CHAPTER 22 | |CH. 41 THORACIC SURGRY | |

|CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY | |CH. 42 CARDIAC SURGERY | |

| | |CH. 8 PERIOPERATIVE PEDIATRICS | |

|ANATOMY OF THE CHEST |864 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Thorax |867 |

| | |(Ch. 41) | |

|The Thorax |864 |Thoracic Cavity (Ch. 41) |867 |

|The Trachea |866 |Lungs (Ch. 41) |867 |

|The Bronchial Tree |866 |Lungs (Ch. 41) |867 |

|The Lungs |867 |Lungs (Ch. 41) |867 |

|ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART |868 |Anatomy of the Heart and Great Vessels |880 |

| | |(Ch. 42) | |

|Location of the Heart |868 |Heart (Ch. 42) |880 |

|Coverings of the Heart |869 |Heart (Ch. 42) |880 |

|The Heart Wall |869 |Heart (Ch. 42) |880 |

|The Heart Chambers |869 |Heart (Ch. 42) |880 |

|The Heart Valves |869 |Valves (Ch. 42) |880 |

|Blood Flow Through the Heart |870 |Coronary Circulation (Ch. 42) |881 |

|Blood Supply for the Heart |871 |Heart (Ch. 42) |881 |

|The Cardiac Cycle |871 |Cardiac Cycle (Ch. 42) |882 |

|Cardiac Output |872 | | |

|Cardiac Conduction |872 |Electrical Conduction of the Heart |881 |

| | |(Ch. 42) | |

|Anatomical Development of the Heart |872 | | |

|OPERATIVE PATHOLOGY |873 | | |

|The Chest Wall |873 | | |

|The Mediastinum |873 | | |

|The Lungs |874 | | |

|Thoracic Trauma |875 |Chest Trauma (Ch. 41) |877 |

|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome |877 |Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (Ch. 41) |876 |

|Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm |877 | | |

|Coronary Artery Disease |879 |Coronary Artery Disease (Ch. 42) |891 |

|Valvular Disease |881 |Valvular Heart Disease (Ch. 42) |890 |

|Cardiomyopathy |882 | | |

|Cardiac Dysrythmias |882 |Cardiac Dysrythmias |894 |

|Congenital Heart Defects |884 |Cardiovascular Surgery (Ch. 8) |149 |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES: THORAX |887 |Endoscopy (Ch. 41) |870 |

|Bronchoscopy |887 |Bronchoscopy (Ch. 41) |870 |

|Mediastinoscopy |887 |Mediastinoscopy (Ch. 41) |871 |

|Thoracoscopy |887 |Thoracoscopy (Ch. 41) |872 |

|Thoracentesis |889 |Thoracentesis (Ch. 41) |877 |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES: CARDIAC |889 | | |

|Radiological Studies |889 |Noninvasive Procedures (Ch. 42) |890 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION: THORACIC |889 | | |

|Special Preoperative Considerations |889 |Special Features of Thoracic Surgery |868 |

| | |(Ch. 41) | |

|Special Instrumentation, Supplies, Drugs, and Equipment|889 |Special Features of Thoracic Surgery |870 |

| | |(Ch. 41) | |

|Patient Preparation |890 | | |

|Thoracoscopy |892 |Thoracoscopy (Ch. 41) |872 |

|Scalene/Supraclavicular Node Biopsy |895 |Mediastinotomy (Ch. 41) |874 |

|Thoracotomy for Upper Lobectomy |895 |Thoracotomy (Ch. 41) |875 |

|Thoracotomy for Right Pneumonectomy |899 |Thoracotomy (Ch. 41) |876 |

|Thoracotomy for Wedge Resection or Segmentectomy |899 |Thoracotomy (Ch. 41) |875 |

|Decortication of Lung |899 |Pulmonary Decortication (Ch. 41) |876 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION: CARDIAC (ADULT) |900 | | |

|Preoperative Considerations |900 |Special Features of Cardiac Surgery |883 |

| | |(Ch. 42) | |

|Patient Preparation |901 |Median Sternotomy (Ch. 42) |885 |

|Techniques of Cardiopulmonary Bypass |901 |Cardiopulmonary Bypass (Ch. 42) |887 |

|Mechanical Circulatory Assistance |904 |Intraaortic Balloon Pump (Ch. 42) |898 |

|Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting |905 |Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (Ch. 42) |891 |

|Aortic Valve Replacement |911 |Aortic Valve Replacement (Ch. 42) |891 |

|Mitral Valve Replacement |916 |Mitral Valve Replacement (Ch. 42) |891 |

|Thoracic Aortic Aneurysmectomy |917 | | |

|Pericardiectomy/Pericardial Window |918 | | |

|Heart Transplantation |919 |Cardiac Transplantation (Ch. 42) |895 |

| | |Heart Transplant (Ch. 44) |935 |

|Permanent Pacemaker Insertion |920 |Mechanical Assist Devices (Ch. 42) |895 |

|Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty |921 |Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (Ch. |893 |

| | |42) | |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION: CARDIAC (PEDIATRIC) |921 | | |

|Special Preoperative Preparation |922 | | |

|Atrial Septal Defect |922 |Atrial Septal Defect (Ch. 8) |150 |

|Ventricular Septal Defect |922 |Ventricular Septal Defect (Ch. 8) |150 |

|Patent Ductus Arteriosus |923 |Patent Ductus Arteriosus (Ch. 8) |150 |

|Correction of Aortic Coarctation |924 |Coarctation of the Aorta (Ch. 8) |150 |

|Procedure for Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot |924 |Tetralogy of Fallot (Ch. 8) |151 |

|Procedure for Correction of Transposition of the Great |925 |Transposition of the Great Vessels (Ch. 8) |152 |

|Arteries | | | |

|CHAPTER 23 | |CH. 43 VASCUAR SURGERY | |

|PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SURGERY | | | |

|PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SURGERY |928 | | |

|SURGICAL ANATOMY |928 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Vascular System |902 |

|Blood Vessels |928 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Vascular System |902 |

|Blood Pressure |930 | | |

|The Arterial System |931 | | |

|The Venous System |933 | | |

|OPERATIVE PATHOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS |934 |Vascular Disease |905 |

|Arterial Embolism |935 |Embolectomy |915 |

|Arteriosclerosis Obliterans |935 |Vascular Disease |905 |

|Aneurysms of the Abdominal Aorta |936 |Aneurysmectomy |913 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS |937 | | |

|Peripheral Vessel Angioplasty |937 |Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty |910 |

|Bypass Grafting and Endarterectomy |939 |Vascular Surgical Procedures |912 |

|Features of Peripheral Vascular Procedure |940 |Special Features of Vascular Surgery |907 |

|Aortofemoral Bypass |943 | | |

|Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy |947 |Aneurysmectomy |913 |

|Femoropopliteal Bypass |950 |Femoropopliteal Bypass |912 |

|Femorofemoral Bypass |954 | | |

|Axillofemoral Bypass |956 | | |

|Carotid Endarterectomy |959 |Carotid Endarterectomy |912 |

|CHAPTER 24 | |CH.37 NEUOSURGERY | |

|NEUROSURGERY | | | |

|SURGICAL ANATOMY |966 |Anatomy and Physiology of the Brain and Spinal Cord |768 |

|Divisions of the Nervous System |966 | | |

|Cranium |966 |Cranium |768 |

|Vertebral Column |973 |Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord |771 |

|Blood Supply |974 |Peripheral Nerve Surgery |791 |

|Cranial Nerves |974 |Peripheral Nerve Surgery |791 |

|Spinal Nerves |974 |Peripheral Nerve Surgery |791 |

|NEUROSURGICAL PATHOLOGY |976 | | |

|Cervical Spine |976 | | |

|Thoracic Spine |977 | | |

|Lumbar Spine |978 | | |

|Neoplasms |979 |Intracranial Neoplasms |781 |

|Head Injury |980 |Treatment of Head Injuries |783 |

|Spinal Cord Injury |982 |Treatment of Spinal Injuries |785 |

|Cerebrovascular Disease |982 | | |

|Congenital Abnormalities |983 |Neurosurgery (Ch. 8) |145 |

|INFECTION |984 | | |

|Abscess |984 | | |

|Spinal Tumors |985 |Excision of a Spinal Cord Tumor |785 |

|Peripheral Nerve Disorders |985 | | |

|NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES |986 |Patient Care Considerations |774 |

|Special Instrumentation, Supplies, Drugs, and Equipment|986 |Special Considerations in Neurosurgery |772 |

|Patient Preparation |990 |Patient Care Considerations |774 |

|Craniotomy |991 |Craniotomy |777 |

|Craniectomy |1001 |Craniectomy |777 |

|Ventriculoperitoneal and Ventriculoatrial Shunt |1005 | | |

|Transsphenoidal Hypophysectomy |1008 |Transsphenoidal Procedures |783 |

|Stereotactic Procedure |1011 |Stereotaxis |780 |

|Cranioplasty |1012 |Cranioplasty |779 |

|Spinal Procedures |1012 |Surgical Procedures of the Spine |784 |

|Peripheral Nerve Procedure |1020 |Peripheral Nerve Surgery |791 |

|ADVANCES IN NEUROSURGERY |1022 | | |

| Intraoperative MRI |1022 | | |

|Three-Dimensional Reconstruction |1022 |Stereotaxis |780 |

|Radiosurgery |1022 | | |

|Minimal Invasive Techniques |1022 | | |

|Stereotaxis |1022 |Stereotaxis |780 |

|Intraoperative Ultrasound |1023 | | |

|Brain Mapping |1023 | | |

|Endoscopic Neurosurgery |1023 | | |

|Deep Brain Stimulation |1023 | | |

| | | | |

|APPENDIX A: ANATOMY PLATES |1025 | | |

|APPENDIX B: COMMON PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES |1036 | | |

|APPENDIX C: MEASUREMENTS |1039 | | |

| | | | |

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