Wave Type



|Wave Type |Wave |Wave speed |Impedance |Average Power/Intensity |Boundary conditions |** Reflection at Hard |

| |and | | | | |Boundary ([pic]) |

| |Material Parameters | | | | | |

| |y(x,t), [pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |y – changes sign |

|Transverse on string | | | | | |[pic] - same sign |

| |T, rl | | | | | |

|Longitudinal Acoustic: |[pic], p |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] – changes sign |

|Gas B = gP |rv, B | | | | |p - same sign |

|Liquid B = MB | | | | | | |

|Solid B = Y | | | | | | |

| |V(xt,t), I(x,t) |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |V – same sign |

|Transmission Line |Lo, Co | | |[pic] | |I – changes sign |

| |E, B |[pic] |[pic] |[pic]= |[pic] |E – same sign |

|Electromagnetic |e, m | | | | |B – changes sign |

| | | | | | | |

**Wave parameters that reflect with a sign change (phase shift p) at a hard boundary (Z2 = infinity) have coefficients of reflection and transmission:

[pic] and [pic]

Waves parameters that reflect with the same sign (phase shift zero) at a hard boundary (Z2 = infinity) have coefficients of reflection and transmission:

[pic] and [pic]

The equations for reflecting and transmitting intensity are the same for all waves:

[pic] and [pic]

Relationships to Snell’s law (EM waves) are:

[pic]

Reflection and transmission at refracting boundaries:

[pic] [pic]

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