Unit 12- Ecology Study Guide - Weebly

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Unit 12- Ecology Study Guide

Section 13.1: Ecologists Study Relationships

KEY CONCEPT Ecology is the study of the relationships among organisms and their environment.

VOCABULARY

ecology community

ecosystem biome

MAIN IDEA: Ecologists study environments at different levels of organization.

Write a description of each level of organization in the table. Also, provide an example for each level.

Level

1. organism

Description

Example

2. population

3. community

4. ecosystem

5. biome

MAIN IDEA: Ecological research methods include observation, experimentation, and modeling.

6. What is observation?

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

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Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide B

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Principles of Ecology

Section 1: Ecologists Study Relationships

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________

Study Guide continued

7. What is the difference between direct and indirect surveys?

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 8. Complete the following table with a benefit and a drawback of conducting an experiment in the laboratory compared with conducting an experiment in the field.

Experiment

Laboratory

Benefit

Drawback

Field

9. When might a scientist use a model as a research method? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

Vocabulary Check

10. What is ecology? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

11. Of the three terms, biome, community, and ecosystem, which term contains the other two? _______________________________________________________________

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Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide B

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Principles of Ecology

Section 1: Ecologists Study Relationships

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________

Section 13.2: Biotic and Abiotic Factors KEY CONCEPT

Every ecosystem includes both living and nonliving factors.

VOCABULARY biotic abiotic

biodiversity keystone species

MAIN IDEA: An ecosystem includes both biotic and abiotic factors. Use a word from the box below to complete the following sentences.

abiotic living plants

animals moisture temperature

biotic nonliving wind

1. All ecosystems are made up of _____________________ and _____________________ components.

2. ____________________ factors are living things, such as ____________________ or ____________________.

3. ____________________ factors are nonliving things, such as ___________________, ___________________, or ___________________.

MAIN IDEA: Changing one factor in an ecosystem can affect many other factors. 4. Describe what biodiversity means in your own words.

_______________________________________________________________ 5. What is the term for an organism that has an unusually large effect on its

ecosystem?

_______________________________________________________________

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Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide B

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Principles of Ecology

Section 2: Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________

Study Guide continued 6. List a few reasons why a beaver is an example of a keystone species.

_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

Vocabulary Check

7. What is the difference between a biotic and an abiotic factor? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

8. Take another look at the Visual Vocab in Section 2. In architecture, a keystone is the stone at the center of an arch that holds the arch together. How does this definition relate to a keystone species? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

Be Creative

In the box below, sketch a simple ecosystem and label the abiotic and biotic factors.

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Holt McDougal Biology Study Guide B

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Principles of Ecology

Section 2: Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________

Section 13.3: Energy in Ecosystems KEY CONCEPT

Life in an ecosystem requires a source of energy.

VOCABULARY

producer autotroph consumer

heterotroph chemosynthesis

MAIN IDEA: Producers provide energy for other organisms in an ecosystem. Complete the following sentences with the correct term.

autotrophs consumers

eating heterotrophs

nonliving producers

1. _____________________ are organisms that get their energy from _____________________ resources, meaning they make their own food. These organisms are also called _____________________.

2. _____________________ are organisms that get their energy by _____________________ other organisms. These organisms are also called _____________________.

3. Why are producers so important to an ecosystem?

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_______________________________________________________________ 4. Why is the Sun important to both producers and consumers?

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_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

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Holt McDougal Biology

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Study Guide B

Principles of Ecology Section 3: Energy in Ecosystems

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