AP Psychology



AP Psychology

B Schuster – Instructor

FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Look over the following terms/people/concepts for the final. Be sure to go beyond simple definitions when reviewing the material. You need to understand what the main idea is as well as why it is important and the overall significance of what it is you are looking at.

UNIT 1

• Historical roots of psychology

o Wilhelm Wundt

• Early psychologists

• Various psychological perspectives

• Clinical psychologists

• Definition of psychology

• Basic & Applied Research

• Subfields of Psychology

UNIT 2

• Hindsight Bias and Overconfidence

• Scientific Attitude & Method in Psychology

• Survey / Case Study / Naturalist Observation

• Operational Definitions

• Correlations

• Correlation Coefficient

• Population / Sample

• Natural selection

• Experiments and procedures

o Ind. / Dep. / Conf. Variable

o Control / Experimental Groups

o Random Selection / Random Assignment

o Placebo

o Double-blind Procedure

• Measures of central tendency / Std. Deviation

• Statistical Significance

• APA Rules of Experimentation on People

UNIT 3

• Structure of a neuron

• Action potential / Threshold / All-or-none

• Refractory period

• Synapse

• Neurotransmitters

o Definition & Major ones and what they are associated with

o Agonists / Antagonists

• Effects of drugs on the brain

• Divisions of the nervous system

UNIT 3 (continued)

• Types of neurons

• Divisions of the nervous system

o Flight-or-fight response

• Endocrine System

• Major division of the brain

o Brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex

o Know major parts for each division

• Parts of the brain and their functions

• Language (how it works in the brain and important areas of the brain)

• Split Brain

• Dual Processing

• Twin Research

• Heritability

• Nature vs. nurture

• Behavior geneticist

• Evolutionary Psychology

UNIT 4

• Bottom-up/top-down processing

• Selective Attention

• Thresholds / Sensory Adaptation

• The Eye (parts and functions)

• Parallel Processing

• Theories of color vision

• The ear (parts and functions)

• Other senses

• Gate control theory

• Psychology of Pain

• Sensory Interaction

• Gestalt psychology

• Depth Perception (monocular/binocular)

• Perceptual constancies

• Perceptual adaptation

• Perceptual set

• ESP (what is it / types / what research says)

• Visual cliff research

UNIT 5

• Biological rhythms

• Sleep stages

• REM

• Alpha / delta waves

• Effects of sleep deprivation

• Sleep disorders

• Dreams (what we dream / why we dream)

• Hypnosis (what it is / theories)

• Drugs and consciousness

o Psychoactive drugs

o Different drugs and their effects

• Tolerance / Addiction

UNIT 6

• Associative Learning

• John B. Watson

• B.F. Skinner

• Pavlov’s dog

• Classical conditioning

o UCS/UCR/NS/CS/CR

• Acquisition

• Learned Helplessness

• Operant conditioning

o Punishment/reinforcement

o Possitive/negative

• Reinforcement schedules

• Partial Reinforcement Schedules

o FR / VR / FI / VI

• Punishment (possible problems)

• Intrinsic / Extrinsic Motivation

• Observational learning

• Albert Bandura (Bobo Doll experiment)

UNIT 7

• Encoding, storage, retrieval

• Information processing model of memory

• Types of encoding

• Serial Positioning Effect

• Sensory / Short-term / Long-term Memory

• Long-term potentiation

• Flashbulb memories

• Implicit / Explicit memory

• Recall / recognition / relearning

• Forgetting (encoding / storage /retrieval failure)

• Ebbinghouse’s research

• Mnemonics

• Chunking

• Misinformation effects

• Memory construction

• Algorithm/heuristics

• Functional fixedness

• Representative and availability heuristics

• Overconfidence / Belief perseverance

• Language development

• Phonemes / Morphemes

• Acquisition of Language

o Noam Chomsky

o B. F. Skinner

• Linguistic determinism

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