National Reading Panel - Teaching Children to Read: An ...
Acknowledgments
The National Reading Panel wishes to express its gratitude to the following individuals for their contributions to its effort.
Marilyn Adams Michelle Eidlitz Blair Johnson Khalil Nourani Michael Pressley Robin Sidhu
Ed Bouchard Barbara Foorman Alisa Kenny Simone Nunes David Reinking Steven Stahl
Harris Cooper David Francis Helen S. Kim Elizabeth S. Pang Scott J. Ross Maggie Toplak
Gerald Duffy Ester Halberstam Marjolaine Limbos Joan Pagnucco Barbara Schuster Zoreh Yaghoubzadeh
Reports of the Subgroups
ii
Members of the National Reading Panel
Donald N. Langenberg, Ph.D., Chair
Gloria Correro, Ed.D. Gwenette Ferguson, M.Ed. Michael L. Kamil, Ph.D. S.J. Samuels, Ed.D. Sally E. Shaywitz, M.D. Joanna Williams, Ph.D. Joanne Yatvin, Ph.D.
Linnea Ehri, Ph.D. Norma Garza, C.P.A. Cora Bagley Marrett, Ph.D. Timothy Shanahan, Ph.D. Thomas Trabasso, Ph.D. Dale Willows, Ph.D.
Alphabetics Linnea Ehri, Chair Gloria Correro Timothy Shanahan Dale Willows Joanne Yatvin
MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL READING PANEL SUBGROUPS
Comprehension Michael L. Kamil, Chair Gwenette Ferguson Norma Garza Thomas Trabasso Joanna Williams
Fluency S.J. Samuels, Co-Chair Timothy Shanahan, Co-Chair Sally E. Shaywitz
Methodology Timothy Shanahan, Co-Chair Sally E. Shaywitz, Co-Chair
Teacher Education Gloria Corerro, Co-Chair Michael L. Kamil, Co-Chair Gwenette Ferguson Norma Garza Cora Bagley Marrett
Technology/Next Steps Michael L. Kamil, Chair Donald N. Langenberg
STAFF OF THE NATIONAL READING PANEL
F. William Dommel, Jr., J.D., Executive Director
Vinita Chhabra, M.Ed., Research Scientist Judith Rothenberg, Secretary Jaimee Nusbacher, Meeting Manager
Mary E. McCarthy, Ph.D., Senior Staff Psychologist Stephanne Player, Support Staff Patrick Riccards, Senior Advisor
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National Reading Panel
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments .................................................................................................................. ii
Members of the National Reading Panel .......................................................................... iii
Chapter 1: Introduction and Methodology Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 1-1
Methodology: Processes Applied to the Selection, Review, and
Analysis of Research Relevant to Reading Instruction ...................................................... 1-5
Chapter 2: Alphabetics Part I: Phonemic Awareness Instruction
Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... Report ........................................................................................................................... Appendices ................................................................................................................... Part II: Phonics Instruction
Executive Summary ....................................................................................................... Report ........................................................................................................................... Appendices ...................................................................................................................
2-1
2-9
2-53
2-89
2-99
2-145
Chapter 3: Fluency Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. Report .................................................................................................................................. Appendices ..........................................................................................................................
3-1
3-5
3-35
Chapter 4: Comprehension Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... Part I. Vocabulary Instruction
Report ........................................................................................................................... Appendices ................................................................................................................... Part II: Text Comprehension Instruction
Report ........................................................................................................................... Appendices ................................................................................................................... Part III. Teacher Preparation and Comprehension Strategies Instruction
Report ........................................................................................................................... Appendices ...................................................................................................................
4-1
4-11
4-15
4-33
4-39
4-69
4-119
4-133
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National Reading Panel
Chapter 5: Teacher Education and Reading Instruction Executive Summary ............................................................................................................. 5-1
Report .............................................................................................................................................. 5-3
Appendices ...................................................................................................................................... 5-19
Chapter 6: Computer Technology and Reading Instruction
Executive Summary............................................................................................................... Report .................................................................................................................................. Appendices ..........................................................................................................................
6-1
6-3
6-13
Minority View
Reports of the Subgroups
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