TYPESCRIPT

TYPESCRIPT

Table of Contents

TypeScript Overview ...............................................................................................................................................................5 TypeScript Version History ..................................................................................................................................................5 Why TypeScript? ........................................................................................................................................................................6 How to use TypeScript?..........................................................................................................................................................6 TypeScript Features .................................................................................................................................................................7 TypeScript Advantages ...........................................................................................................................................................8 Install TypeScript.......................................................................................................................................................................9 Install TypeScript using NPM ..............................................................................................................................................9 TypeScript Playground ...........................................................................................................................................................9 TypeScript - Type Annotations........................................................................................................................................10 TypeScript - Variable ............................................................................................................................................................12

var ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 let ..........................................................................................................................................................................................12 Advantages of using let over var................................................................................................................................14 Const .................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 TypeScript Data Type - Number .....................................................................................................................................18 Number Methods ..........................................................................................................................................................18 toExponential().............................................................................................................................................................. 18 toFixed() ............................................................................................................................................................................ 19 toLocaleString()............................................................................................................................................................. 19 toPrecision() ...................................................................................................................................................................20 toString()........................................................................................................................................................................... 20 valueOf()............................................................................................................................................................................ 21 TypeScript ? String.................................................................................................................................................................22 Template String ..................................................................................................................................................................22 String methods....................................................................................................................................................................22 charAt().............................................................................................................................................................................. 23 concat() .............................................................................................................................................................................. 23 indexOf() ...........................................................................................................................................................................23 replace() ............................................................................................................................................................................24 split()................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 toUpperCase() ................................................................................................................................................................25 toLowerCase() ................................................................................................................................................................ 25 TypeScript Data Type ? Boolean.....................................................................................................................................26 TypeScript - Arrays................................................................................................................................................................27

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Accessing Array Elements: ......................................................................................................................................28 Array Methods.....................................................................................................................................................................29 TypeScript ? Tuples...............................................................................................................................................................30

Accessing Tuple Elements........................................................................................................................................31 Add Elements into Tuple ..........................................................................................................................................31 TypeScript Data Type ? Enum..........................................................................................................................................33 Numeric Enum ....................................................................................................................................................................33 Computed Enums:........................................................................................................................................................35 String Enum..........................................................................................................................................................................36 Heterogeneous Enum ......................................................................................................................................................36 Reverse Mapping ...............................................................................................................................................................37 TypeScript - Union .................................................................................................................................................................39 TypeScript Data Type - Any...............................................................................................................................................40 TypeScript Data Type ? Void ............................................................................................................................................41 TypeScript Data Type - Never ..........................................................................................................................................42 Difference between never and void .........................................................................................................................42 Type Inference in TypeScript ...........................................................................................................................................43 Type inference in complex objects ...........................................................................................................................43 Type Assertion in TypeScript ...........................................................................................................................................45 TypeScript - if else..................................................................................................................................................................47 if else Condition..................................................................................................................................................................47 else if ........................................................................................................................................................................................48 Ternary operator ...............................................................................................................................................................48 TypeScript - switch ................................................................................................................................................................49 TypeScript - for Loops..........................................................................................................................................................51 for Loop...................................................................................................................................................................................51 for...of Loop ...........................................................................................................................................................................52 for...in Loop ...........................................................................................................................................................................52 TypeScript - while Loop ......................................................................................................................................................53 do..while loop.......................................................................................................................................................................54 TypeScript - Functions.........................................................................................................................................................55 Named Functions...............................................................................................................................................................55 Anonymous Function.......................................................................................................................................................55 Function Parameters .......................................................................................................................................................56 Optional Parameters ........................................................................................................................................................56 Default Parameters...........................................................................................................................................................57 TypeScript - Arrow Functions..........................................................................................................................................58

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TypeScript - Function Overloading ...............................................................................................................................60 TypeScript - Rest Parameters...........................................................................................................................................61 TypeScript - Interfaces.........................................................................................................................................................62

Interface as Type................................................................................................................................................................62 Interface as Function Type ...........................................................................................................................................63 Interface for Array Type.................................................................................................................................................64 Optional Property..............................................................................................................................................................64 Read only Properties .......................................................................................................................................................65 Extending Interfaces ........................................................................................................................................................65 Implementing an Interface ...........................................................................................................................................66 TypeScript - Classes...............................................................................................................................................................67 Constructor ........................................................................................................................................................................... 68 Creating an Object of Class............................................................................................................................................68 Inheritance ............................................................................................................................................................................ 69 Class Implements Interface ..........................................................................................................................................70 Interface extends Class ...................................................................................................................................................71 Method Overriding............................................................................................................................................................71 TypeScript - Abstract Class................................................................................................................................................73 TypeScript - Data Modifiers...............................................................................................................................................75 public........................................................................................................................................................................................75 private...................................................................................................................................................................................... 75 protected ................................................................................................................................................................................ 76 TypeScript - ReadOnly .........................................................................................................................................................77 TypeScript - Static ..................................................................................................................................................................79 TypeScript - Modules............................................................................................................................................................81 Export ......................................................................................................................................................................................82 Import ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 82

Importing a Single export from a Module:.......................................................................................................83 Importing the Entire Module into a Variable.................................................................................................83 Renaming an Export from a Module:..................................................................................................................83 Compiling a TypeScript Module......................................................................................................................................84 Using Module in Web Application.............................................................................................................................86 TypeScript - Namespaces ...................................................................................................................................................87 Compiling Namespace.....................................................................................................................................................89 Namespace vs Module.....................................................................................................................................................90 TypeScript - Generics............................................................................................................................................................91 Multiple Type Variables:................................................................................................................................................92

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Methods and Properties of Generic Type..............................................................................................................93 Generic Constraints ..........................................................................................................................................................94 TypeScript - Generic Interface .........................................................................................................................................95 TypeScript - Generic Classes.............................................................................................................................................98 Compile TypeScript Project............................................................................................................................................100 tsconfig.json....................................................................................................................................................................... 100 TypeScript - Build Tools................................................................................................................................................... 103 Browserify .......................................................................................................................................................................... 103 Grunt...................................................................................................................................................................................... 103 Gulp........................................................................................................................................................................................ 104 Webpack .............................................................................................................................................................................. 105 Converting Existing JavaScript to TypeScript ....................................................................................................... 106 Add tsconfig.json File to Project.............................................................................................................................. 106 Integrate with a build tool.......................................................................................................................................... 107 Converting .js files to .ts files .................................................................................................................................... 108 Check for Errors .............................................................................................................................................................. 108 Using Third-party JavaScript Libraries ............................................................................................................... 110

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