Intelligence & Creativity Packet



Aim:

How do psychologists define stress and the

impact it has on individuals?

Do Now:

What are the top three most stressful things you

are currently facing?

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Key Terms & Concepts:

Sources of Stress:

Stress: _________________________________________________________________

Adjustment: ____________________________________________________________

Health Psychology: ______________________________________________________

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Stressor: _______________________________________________________________

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Pressure: _______________________________________________________________

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Frustration: ___________________________________________________________

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Conflict: ________________________________________________________________

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Approach / Approach Conflict: ____________________________________________

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Avoidance / Avoidance Conflict: ________________________________________________________________________

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1. Approach / Avoidance Conflict: ___________________________________________

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Aim:

What is the difference between direct coping

and defense coping?

Do Now:

What techniques do you use to manage your stress? Are they effective? Why or why not?

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Coping With Stress

Whatever its source, stress required that we cope – that is, it requires us to make cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage psychological stress. There are many different ways of coping with stress, but two general types of adjustment stand out: direct coping and defense coping.

I. _________________: Intentional efforts to change an uncomfortable situation.

a. ____________: Acknowledging a stressful situation directly and attempting to find a solution to the problem or to attain the direct goal.

Example: A woman who wants to advance her career

might decide that if she wants to move up in her

company she will have to relocate.

b. ____________: Deciding on a more realistic solution or goal when an ideal solution or goal is not practical.

Example: A woman may agree to take a less desirable

job position that doesn’t require branch office

experience, or she may strike a bargain to ho to the

branch office or a shorter time.

c. ____________: Avoiding a situation when other forms of coping are not practical.

Example: A woman whose promotion depends on

temporarily relocating may just quit her job an join

another company.

But, what happens when one cannot deal directly with the source of their stress or a problem is so emotionally threatening that it cannot be faced directly?

II. _____________: Focuses on the use of defense mechanisms.

a. _______________: Self-deceptive techniques for reducing stress including denial, repression, projection, identification, regression, intellectualization, reaction formation, displacement, and sublimation.

|Defense |Description |Example |

|Denial |Arguing against an anxiety provoking stimuli by stating it |Denying that your physician’s diagnoses of cancer is correct |

| |does NOT exist |and seeking a second opinion |

|Displacement |Taking out impulses on a less threatening target |Slamming a door instead of hitting a person, yelling at your |

| | |spouse after an argument with your boss |

|Intellectualization |Avoiding unacceptable emotions by focusing on the |Focusing on the details of a funeral as opposed to the sadness |

| |intellectual aspects |of grief |

|Projection |Placing unacceptable impulses in yourself onto someone else|When losing an argument, you state, “You’re just stupid;” |

| | |homophobia |

|Rationalization |Supplying a logical or rational reasons as opposed to the |Stating that you were fired because you didn’t kiss up to the |

| |real reason |boss, when the real reason was your poor performance |

|Reaction Formation |Taking the opposite belief because the true belief causes |Having a bias against a particular race or culture and then |

| |anxiety |embracing that race or culture to the extreme |

|Regression |Returning to a previous stage in development |Sitting in a corner and crying after hearing bad news; throwing|

| | |a temper tantrum when you don’t get your way |

|Repression |Pulling into the unconscious |Forgetting sexual abuse from your childhood due to the trauma |

| | |and anxiety |

|Sublimation |Acting out unacceptable impulses in a socially acceptable |Sublimating your aggressive impulse toward a career as a boxer;|

| |way |becoming a surgeon because of your desire to cut; lifting |

| | |weights to release ‘pent up’ energy |

|Suppression |Pushing into the unconscious |Trying to forget something that causes you anxiety |

Aim:

What are the long lasting effects of stress?

Do Now:

Why do you think so many students get

sick during finals?

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Video Clip: Stress and Your Body: Psychology of Stress

Directions: As you view the video clip answer the following questions.

I. Psychological Effects of Stress

1. What are obvious causes of stress?

2. What are less obvious causes (everyday) of stress?

3. What can stress cause over time?

II. Physical Effects of Stress

4. In what ways are psychological and physical stress related?

5. What are some effects of stress on the body?

III. Behavior Changes

6. How does stress impact behavior?

7. How is an individual’s weight impacted by stress?

8. What do some individuals do to “escape” the stress?

IV. Getting Stress Under Control

9. What is the first step that needs to be addressed?

10. How can someone get their stress under control?

What Happens with Too Much Stress?

Researchers have found that chronic stress and post-trauma stress can suppress the immune system, interfering with the body's natural ability to defend itself against infection. Chronic stress also may contribute to many other problems of mind and body, including:

• headaches or stomachaches

• allergic responses, such as skin rashes or asthma

• irritability, aggression, or conduct disorders

• bruxism (grinding the teeth)

• sleep disorders

• eating disorders

• alcoholism or substance abuse

• anxiety

• phobias

• depression

Long-term stress (chronic stress), frequently recurring stress, or extreme stress from trauma or a life-threatening event can hurt the human body.

• The body's stress hormone response: When the brain perceives stress, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing factor (1), which triggers the release of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) (2) from the pituitary gland. ACTH (2) travels through the bloodstream and (along with signals from the brain sent through the autonomic nervous system) stimulates the adrenal glands to release cortisol and epinephrine into the bloodstream (3). Cortisol and epinephrine (3) help provide energy, oxygen, and stimulation to the heart, the brain, and other muscles and organs (4) to support the body's response to stress. When the brain perceives that the stress has ended, it allows hormone levels to return to their baseline values.

• A stress response system activated at too high a level or for too long a period of time may interfere with the body's ability to recover from the stress response. Chronic stress or post-trauma stress also may lead to physical, emotional, or behavioral problems, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or even the development of stress-related illnesses.

Read More: Stress - body, last, viral, causes, Good Stress and Bad Stress, What Is the Stress Response?

Effects Of Stress

Stress is difficult for scientists to define because it is a highly subjective phenomenon that differs for each of us. Things that are distressful for some individuals can be pleasurable for others. We also respond to stress differently. Some people blush, some eat more while others grow pale or eat less. There are numerous physical as well as emotional responses as illustrated by the following list of some 50 common signs and symptoms of stress.

|1.  Frequent headaches, jaw clenching or | |26. Insomnia, nightmares, disturbing |

|     pain | |      dreams |

|2.  Gritting, grinding teeth | |27. Difficulty concentrating, racing thoughts |

|3.  Stuttering or stammering | |28. Trouble learning new information |

|4.  Tremors, trembling of lips, hands | |29. Forgetfulness, disorganization, |

| | |      confusion |

|5.  Neck ache, back pain, muscle spasms | |30. Difficulty in making decisions. |

|6.  Light headedness, faintness, dizziness | |31. Feeling overloaded or overwhelmed. |

|7.  Ringing, buzzing or "popping sounds | |32. Frequent crying spells or suicidal |

| | |      thoughts |

|8.  Frequent blushing, sweating | |33. Feelings of loneliness or worthlessness |

|9.  Cold or sweaty hands, feet | |34. Little interest in appearance, |

| | |      punctuality |

|10. Dry mouth, problems swallowing | |35. Nervous habits, fidgeting, feet tapping |

|11. Frequent colds, infections, herpes sores | |36. Increased frustration, irritability, |

| | |      edginess |

|12. Rashes, itching, hives, "goose bumps" | |37. Overreaction to petty annoyances |

|13. Unexplained or frequent "allergy" | |38. Increased number of minor accidents |

|      attacks | | |

|14. Heartburn, stomach pain, nausea | |39. Obsessive or compulsive behavior |

|15. Excess belching, flatulence | |40. Reduced work efficiency or productivity |

|16. Constipation, diarrhea | |41. Lies or excuses to cover up poor work |

|17. Difficulty breathing, sighing | |42. Rapid or mumbled speech |

|18. Sudden attacks of panic | |43. Excessive defensiveness or |

| | |      suspiciousness |

|19. Chest pain, palpitations | |44. Problems in communication, sharing |

|20. Frequent urination | |45. Social withdrawal and isolation |

|21. Poor sexual desire or performance | |46. Constant tiredness, weakness, fatigue |

|22. Excess anxiety, worry, guilt, | |47. Frequent use of over-the-counter drugs |

|      nervousness | | |

|23. Increased anger, frustration, hostility | |48. Weight gain or loss without diet |

|24. Depression, frequent or wild mood | |49. Increased smoking, alcohol or drug use |

|      swings  | | |

|25. Increased or decreased appetite | |50. Excessive gambling or impulse buying |

As demonstrated in the above list, stress can have wide ranging effects on emotions, mood and behavior. Equally important but often less appreciated are effects on various systems, organs and tissues all over the body, as illustrated by the following diagram.

Aim:

What steps can individuals take to control or reduce stress?

Do Now:

What do you believe is the most effective way

to control stress?

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Stress Management

How to Reduce, prevent, and Cope with Stress

It may seem that there’s nothing you can do about your stress level. The tests aren’t going to stop coming, there will never be more hours in the day for all your errands, and your career or family responsibilities will always be demanding. But you have a lot more control than you might think. In fact, the simple realization that you’re in control of your life is the foundation of stress management.

Managing stress is all about taking charge: taking charge of your thoughts, your emotions, your schedule, your environment, and the way you deal with problems. The ultimate goal is a balanced life, with time for work, relationships, relaxation, and fun – plus the resilience to hold up under pressure and meet challenges head on.

Steps to take:

1. Identify the sources of stress in your life

a. Try to avoid stress.

b. Learn to cope effectively

2. Calm Down

a. Exercise (running, walking… lowers blood pressure)

b. Relaxation Training

c. Time Management – Plan effectively

3. Reach Out

a. Strong network of friends and family

4. Religion

5. Adapt a healthier lifestyle (avoid high risk behaviors)

a. Exercise

b. Diet

c. Quit Smoking, Drinking…

Aim:

What are some sources of extreme stress and what impact do they have on individuals?

Do Now:

Describe what you feel or think when you look at the images above.

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Sources of Extreme Stress

Extreme stress has a variety of sources, ranging from unemployment to wartime combat, from violent natural disasters to rape. More common event, too, can be sources of e xtreme stress, including bereavement, separation and divorce.

: Jobless is a major source of stress. In fact, when the jobless rates rise there is an increase in first admissions to psychiatric hospitals, infant mortality, deaths from hear disease, alcohol-related disease, and suicide.

Divorce & Separation: After a breakup both partners usually feel as if they have failed. Adults are not the only ones who are stressed by divorce. A national survey of the impact of divorce on children found that a majority suffer intense emotional stress at the time of the divorce.

Bereavement: The death of a loved one is a source of extreme stress for many people.

Catastrophes: Catastrophes, natural and otherwise – including floods, earthquakes, violent storms, fires, plane crashes, and the 9/11 terrorist attacks – produce certain psychological reactions common to all stressful events. At first, in the shock stage, the victim is stunned, dazed and apathetic. Then in the suggestible stage, the victims are passive and quite ready to do whatever rescuers tell them to do. In the third phase, the recovery phase, emotional balanced is regained, but anxiety often persists, and victims may need to recount their experiences over and over again. In later stages, survivors may feel irrationally guilty because they lived while others died.

Combat and other Personal Attacks: Wartime experiences often cause soldiers intense and disabling combat stress that persists long after they have left the battlefield. Similar reactions – including bursting into rage over harmless remarks, sleep disturbances, cringing at sudden loud noises, psychological confusion, uncontrollable crying and silently staring into space for long periods of time – are also frequently seen in survivors of serious accidents.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Psychological disorder characterized by episodes of anxiety, sleeplessness, and nightmares resulting from some disturbing past event.

Video Clip: Combat Troops in Iraq Talk About PTSD

Directions: As you view the video clip answer the following questions.

1. What is PTSD?

2. What are some of the symptoms of PTSD?

3. How do some soldiers deal with PTSD?

Video Clip: Iraq PTSD Stress Syndrome

Directions: As you view the video clip answer the following questions.

4. Why do you think PTSD is known as the “silent injury?”

5. What symptoms of PTSD did this solider have?

6. According to the Pentagon in 2004, how many soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan suffer from PTSD?

7. According to the Pentagon in 2004, what percentage of them will NEVER seek help?

8. How is this solider getting help for his PTSD?

Video Clip: Stress Takes Toll On Troops in Iraq

Directions: As you view the video clip answer the following questions.

9. What are the “tell-tale” signs of PTSD?

10. What are some problems this solider lives with daily?

11. Why do marines suffer less PTSD than the army?

13. How much time off is recommended for soldiers before returning for another tour?

14. Do you believe the soldiers views on torture change as they serve in Iraq or Afghanistan? Explain.

BIG IDEA:

What is PTSD and how does it impact the lives of those who suffer from it?

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