THE CODE OF LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

[Pages:16]THE CODE OF LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

TITLE 1--GENERAL PROVISIONS

This title was enacted by act July 30, 1947, ch. 388, ? 1, 61 Stat. 633

Chap.

Sec.

1.

Rules of construction .........................

1

2.

Acts and resolutions; formalities of

enactment; repeals; sealing of in-

struments ........................................... 101

3.

Code of Laws of United States and

Supplements; District of Colum-

bia Code and Supplements ........... 201

POSITIVE LAW; CITATION

This title has been made positive law by section 1 of act July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 633, which provided in part that: ``Title 1 of the United States Code entitled `General Provisions', is codified and enacted into positive law and may be cited as `1 U. S. C., ? ----.' ''

REPEALS

Section 2 of act July 30, 1947, provided that the sections or parts thereof of the Statutes at Large or the Revised Statutes covering provisions codified in this Act are repealed insofar as the provisions appeared in former Title 1, and provided that any rights or liabilities now existing under the repealed sections or parts thereof shall not be affected by the repeal.

WRITS OF ERROR

Section 23 of act June 25, 1948, ch. 646, 62 Stat. 990, provided that: ``All Acts of Congress referring to writs of error shall be construed as amended to the extent necessary to substitute appeal for writ of error.''

TABLE SHOWING DISPOSITION OF ALL SECTIONS OF FORMER TITLE 1

Title 1 Former Sections

Revised Statutes Statutes at Large

Title 1 New Sections

1 ............ R.S., ? 1 ........................................................

1

2 ............ R.S., ? 2 ........................................................

2

3 ............ R.S., ? 3 ........................................................

3

4 ............ R.S., ? 4 ........................................................

4

5 ............ R.S., ? 5 ........................................................

5

6 ............ June 11, 1940, ch. 325, ? 1, 54 Stat. 305 ...........

6

21 ........... R.S., ? 7 ........................................................

101

22 ........... R.S., ? 8 ........................................................

102

23 ........... R.S., ? 9 ........................................................

103

24 ........... R.S., ? 10 ......................................................

104

25 ........... R.S., ? 11 ......................................................

105

26 ........... Nov. 1, 1893, 28 Stat. App. 5 .........................

106

Mar. 2, 1895, ch. 177, ? 1, 28 Stat. 769.

27 ........... Mar. 6, 1920, ch. 94, ? 1, 41 Stat. 520 ..............

107

28 ........... R.S., ? 12 ......................................................

108

29 ........... R.S., ? 13 ......................................................

109

Mar. 22, 1944, ch. 123, 58 Stat. 118.

29a ......... R.S., ? 5599 ...................................................

110

29b ......... Mar. 3, 1933, ch. 202, ? 3, 47 Stat. 1431 ...........

111

30 ........... Jan. 12, 1895, ch. 23, ? 73, 28 Stat. 615 ............

112

June 20, 1936, ch. 630, ? 9, 49 Stat. 1551.

June 16, 1938, ch. 477, ? 1, 52 Stat. 760.

TABLE SHOWING DISPOSITION OF ALL SECTIONS OF FORMER TITLE 1--Continued

Title 1 Former Sections

Revised Statutes Statutes at Large

Title 1 New Sections

30a ......... 31 ........... 51a ......... 52 ...........

53 ........... 54 ...........

54a .........

54b .........

54c ......... 54d ......... 55 ........... 56 ........... 57 ........... 58 ........... 59 ........... 60 ...........

R.S., ? 908 ..................................................... R.S., ? 6 ........................................................ Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 586, ? 1, 45 Stat. 1540 ........... May 29, 1928, ch. 910, ? 2, 45 Stat. 1007 .......... Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 586, ? 2, 45 Stat. 1541. May 29, 1928, ch. 910, ? 3, 45 Stat. 1007 .......... May 29, 1928, ch. 910, ? 4, 45 Stat. 1007 .......... Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 586, ? 3, 45 Stat. 1541. Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 586, ? 4, 45 Stat. 1542 ........... Mar. 4, 1933, ch. 282, ? 1, 47 Stat. 1603. June 13, 1934, ch. 483, ?? 1, 2, 48 Stat. 948. Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 586, ? 5, 45 Stat. 1542 ........... Mar. 4, 1933, ch. 282, ? 1, 47 Stat. 1603. June 13, 1934, ch. 483, ?? 1, 2, 48 Stat. 948. Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 586, ? 6, 45 Stat. 1542 ........... Mar. 2, 1929, ch. 586, ? 7, 45 Stat. 1542 ........... May 29, 1928, ch. 910, ? 5, 45 Stat. 1007 .......... May 29, 1928, ch. 910, ? 6, 45 Stat. 1007 .......... May 29, 1928, ch. 910, ? 7, 45 Stat. 1008 .......... May 29, 1928, ch. 910, ? 8, 45 Stat. 1008 .......... May 29, 1928, ch. 910, ? 10, 45 Stat. 1008 ......... Mar. 3, 1933, ch. 202, ? 2, 47 Stat. 1431 ...........

113 114 201 202

203 204

205

206

207 208 209 210 211 212 213 Rep.

CHAPTER 1--RULES OF CONSTRUCTION

Sec.

1.

Words denoting number, gender, etc.1

2.

``County'' as including ``parish'', etc.1

3.

``Vessel'' as including all means of water

transportation.

4.

``Vehicle'' as including all means of land

transportation.

5.

``Company'' or ``association'' as including

successors and assigns.

6.

Limitation of term ``products of American

fisheries.''

7.

Definition of ``marriage'' and ``spouse''.

8.

``Person'', ``human being'', ``child'', and ``indi-

vidual'' as including born-alive infant.

AMENDMENTS

2002--Pub. L. 107?207, ? 2(b), Aug. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 926, added item 8.

1996--Pub. L. 104?199, ? 3(b), Sept. 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 2420, added item 7.

? 1. Words denoting number, gender, and so forth

In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, unless the context indicates otherwise--

1 So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.

Page 1

?1

TITLE 1--GENERAL PROVISIONS

Page 2

words importing the singular include and apply to several persons, parties, or things;

words importing the plural include the singular;

words importing the masculine gender include the feminine as well;

words used in the present tense include the future as well as the present;

the words ``insane'' and ``insane person'' and ``lunatic'' shall include every idiot, lunatic, insane person, and person non compos mentis;

the words ``person'' and ``whoever'' include corporations, companies, associations, firms, partnerships, societies, and joint stock companies, as well as individuals;

``officer'' includes any person authorized by law to perform the duties of the office;

``signature'' or ``subscription'' includes a mark when the person making the same intended it as such;

``oath'' includes affirmation, and ``sworn'' includes affirmed;

``writing'' includes printing and typewriting and reproductions of visual symbols by photographing, multigraphing, mimeographing, manifolding, or otherwise.

(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 633; June 25, 1948, ch. 645, ? 6, 62 Stat. 859; Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, ? 1, 65 Stat. 710.)

AMENDMENTS

1951--Act Oct. 31, 1951, substituted, in fourth clause after opening clause, ``used'' for ``use''.

1948--Act June 25, 1948, included ``tense'', ``whoever'', ``signature'', ``subscription'', ``writing'' and a broader definition of ``person''.

SHORT TITLE OF 2002 AMENDMENT

Pub. L. 107?207, ? 1, Aug. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 926, provided that: ``This Act [enacting section 8 of this title] may be cited as the `Born-Alive Infants Protection Act of 2002'.''

SHORT TITLE OF 1996 AMENDMENT

Pub. L. 104?199, ? 1, Sept. 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 2419, provided that: ``This Act [enacting section 7 of this title and section 1738C of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure] may be cited as the `Defense of Marriage Act'.''

REFERENCES IN PUB. L. 111?118

Pub. L. 111?118, ? 3, Dec. 19, 2009, 123 Stat. 3409, provided that: ``Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to `this Act' contained in any division of this Act [Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2010, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.''

REFERENCES IN PUB. L. 111?117

Pub. L. 111?117, ? 3, Dec. 16, 2009, 123 Stat. 3035, provided that: ``Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to `this Act' contained in any division of this Act [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2010, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.''

REFERENCES IN PUB. L. 111?8

Pub. L. 111?8, ? 3, Mar. 11, 2009, 123 Stat. 525, provided that: ``Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to `this Act' contained in any division of this Act [Omnibus Appropriations Act, 2009, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.''

REFERENCES IN PUB. L. 111?5

Pub. L. 111?5, ? 4, Feb. 17, 2009, 123 Stat. 116, provided that: ``Except as expressly provided otherwise, any ref-

erence to `this Act' contained in any division of this Act [American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.''

REFERENCES IN PUB. L. 110?329

Pub. L. 110?329, ? 3, Sept. 30, 2008, 122 Stat. 3574, provided that: ``Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to `this Act' or `this joint resolution' contained in any division of this Act [Consolidated Security, Disaster Assistance, and Continuing Appropriations Act, 2009, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.''

REFERENCES IN PUB. L. 110?161

Pub. L. 110?161, ? 3, Dec. 26, 2007, 121 Stat. 1845, provided that: ``Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to `this Act' contained in any division of this Act [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.''

REFERENCES IN PUB. L. 110?116

Pub. L. 110?116, ? 2, Nov. 13, 2007, 121 Stat. 1295, provided that: ``Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to `this Act' contained in any division of this Act [see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referencing only to the provisions of that division.''

REFERENCES IN PUB. L. 109?289

Pub. L. 109?289, div. A, title VIII, ? 8112, Sept. 29, 2006, 120 Stat. 1299, provided that: ``Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to `this Act' contained in this division [Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2007, see Tables for classification] shall be referring only to the provisions of this division.''

REFERENCES IN PUB. L. 109?148

Pub. L. 109?148, div. B, title V, ? 5002, Dec. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2813, provided that: ``Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to `this Act' contained in either division A [Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2006, see Tables for classification] or division B [Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and Pandemic Influenza, 2006, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.''

REFERENCES IN PUB. L. 109?115

Pub. L. 109?115, div. A, title VIII, ? 847, Nov. 30, 2005, 119 Stat. 2507, provided that: ``Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to `this Act' contained in this division [Transportation, Treasury, Housing and Urban Development, the Judiciary, and Independent Agencies Appropriations Act, 2006, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of this division.''

REFERENCES IN PUB. L. 108?447

Pub. L. 108?447, ? 3, Dec. 8, 2004, 118 Stat. 2810, provided that: ``Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to `this Act' contained in any division of this Act [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.''

REFERENCES IN PUB. L. 108?199

Pub. L. 108?199, ? 3, Jan. 23, 2004, 118 Stat. 4, provided that: ``Except as expressly provided otherwise, any reference to `this Act' contained in any division of this Act [Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2004, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.''

REFERENCES IN PUB. L. 108?7

Pub. L. 108?7, ? 3, Feb. 20, 2003, 117 Stat. 12, provided that: ``Except as expressly provided otherwise, any ref-

Page 3

TITLE 1--GENERAL PROVISIONS

?8

erence to `this Act' contained in any division of this joint resolution [Consolidated Appropriations Resolution, 2003, see Tables for classification] shall be treated as referring only to the provisions of that division.''

CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES

Section 48 of Pub. L. 86?70, June 25, 1959, 73 Stat. 154, provided that: ``Whenever the phrase `continental United States' is used in any law of the United States enacted after the date of enactment of this Act [June 25, 1959], it shall mean the 49 States on the North American Continent and the District of Columbia, unless otherwise expressly provided.''

? 2. ``County'' as including ``parish'', and so forth

The word ``county'' includes a parish, or any other equivalent subdivision of a State or Territory of the United States.

(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 633.)

? 3. ``Vessel'' as including all means of water transportation

The word ``vessel'' includes every description of watercraft or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on water.

(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 633.)

? 4. ``Vehicle'' as including all means of land transportation

The word ``vehicle'' includes every description of carriage or other artificial contrivance used, or capable of being used, as a means of transportation on land.

(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 633.)

? 5. ``Company'' or ``association'' as including successors and assigns

The word ``company'' or ``association'', when used in reference to a corporation, shall be deemed to embrace the words ``successors and assigns of such company or association'', in like manner as if these last-named words, or words of similar import, were expressed.

(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 633.)

? 6. Limitation of term ``products of American fisheries''

Wherever, in the statutes of the United States or in the rulings, regulations, or interpretations of various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States there appears or may appear the term ``products of American fisheries'' said term shall not include fresh or frozen fish fillets, fresh or frozen fish steaks, or fresh or frozen slices of fish substantially free of bone (including any of the foregoing divided into sections), produced in a foreign country or its territorial waters, in whole or in part with the use of the labor of persons who are not residents of the United States.

(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634.)

? 7. Definition of ``marriage'' and ``spouse''

In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, or of any ruling, regulation, or interpretation of the various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States, the word ``mar-

riage'' means only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife, and the word ``spouse'' refers only to a person of the opposite sex who is a husband or a wife.

(Added Pub. L. 104?199, ? 3(a), Sept. 21, 1996, 110 Stat. 2419.)

? 8. ``Person'', ``human being'', ``child'', and ``individual'' as including born-alive infant

(a) In determining the meaning of any Act of Congress, or of any ruling, regulation, or interpretation of the various administrative bureaus and agencies of the United States, the words ``person'', ``human being'', ``child'', and ``individual'', shall include every infant member of the species homo sapiens who is born alive at any stage of development.

(b) As used in this section, the term ``born alive'', with respect to a member of the species homo sapiens, means the complete expulsion or extraction from his or her mother of that member, at any stage of development, who after such expulsion or extraction breathes or has a beating heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, regardless of whether the umbilical cord has been cut, and regardless of whether the expulsion or extraction occurs as a result of natural or induced labor, cesarean section, or induced abortion.

(c) Nothing in this section shall be construed to affirm, deny, expand, or contract any legal status or legal right applicable to any member of the species homo sapiens at any point prior to being ``born alive'' as defined in this section.

(Added Pub. L. 107?207, ? 2(a), Aug. 5, 2002, 116 Stat. 926.)

CHAPTER 2--ACTS AND RESOLUTIONS; FORMALITIES OF ENACTMENT; REPEALS; SEALING OF INSTRUMENTS

Sec.

101. 102. 103.

104. 105. 106. 106a. 106b. 107.

108. 109.

110. 111. 112.

112a.

112b.

113.

114.

Enacting clause. Resolving clause. Enacting or resolving words after first sec-

tion. Numbering of sections; single proposition. Title of appropriation Acts. Printing bills and joint resolutions. Promulgation of laws. Amendments to Constitution. Parchment or paper for printing enrolled bills

or resolutions. Repeal of repealing act. Repeal of statutes as affecting existing liabil-

ities. Saving clause of Revised Statutes. Repeals as evidence of prior effectiveness. Statutes at Large; contents; admissibility in

evidence. United States Treaties and Other Inter-

national Agreements; contents; admissibil-

ity in evidence. United States international agreements;

transmission to Congress. ``Little and Brown's'' edition of laws and

treaties; slip laws; Treaties and Other Inter-

national Act 1 Series; admissibility in evi-

dence. Sealing of instruments.

AMENDMENTS

1972--Pub. L. 92?403, ? 2, Aug. 22, 1972, 86 Stat. 619, added item 112b.

1 So in original. Does not conform to section catchline.

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TITLE 1--GENERAL PROVISIONS

Page 4

1966--Pub. L. 89?497, ? 2, July 8, 1966, 80 Stat. 271, inserted ``slip laws; Treaties and Other International Acts Series;'' in item 113.

1951--Act Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, ? 2(a), 65 Stat. 710, added items 106a and 106b.

1950--Act Sept. 23, 1950, ch. 1001, ? 3, 64 Stat. 980, added item 112a.

? 101. Enacting clause

The enacting clause of all Acts of Congress shall be in the following form: ``Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled.''

(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634.)

? 102. Resolving clause

The resolving clause of all joint resolutions shall be in the following form: ``Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled.''

(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634.)

? 103. Enacting or resolving words after first section

No enacting or resolving words shall be used in any section of an Act or resolution of Congress except in the first.

(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634.)

? 104. Numbering of sections; single proposition

Each section shall be numbered, and shall contain, as nearly as may be, a single proposition of enactment.

(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634.)

? 105. Title of appropriation Acts

The style and title of all Acts making appropriations for the support of Government shall be as follows: ``An Act making appropriations (here insert the object) for the year ending September 30 (here insert the calendar year).''

(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634; Pub. L. 93?344, title V, ? 506(a), July 12, 1974, 88 Stat. 322.)

AMENDMENTS

1974--Pub. L. 93?344 substituted ``September 30'' for ``June 30''.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1974 AMENDMENT

Section 506(b) of Pub. L. 93?344, which provided that the amendment of this section by Pub. L. 93?344 was effective with respect to Acts making appropriations for the support of the Government for any fiscal year commencing on or after Oct. 1, 1976, was omitted in the complete revision of title V of Pub. L. 93?344 by Pub. L. 101?508, title XIII, ? 13201(a), Nov. 5, 1990, 104 Stat. 1388?609.

? 106. Printing bills and joint resolutions

Every bill or joint resolution in each House of Congress shall, when such bill or resolution passes either House, be printed, and such printed copy shall be called the engrossed bill or resolution as the case may be. Said engrossed bill or resolution shall be signed by the Clerk of the House or the Secretary of the Senate, and shall be sent to the other House, and in that form

shall be dealt with by that House and its officers, and, if passed, returned signed by said Clerk or Secretary. When such bill, or joint resolution shall have passed both Houses, it shall be printed and shall then be called the enrolled bill, or joint resolution, as the case may be, and shall be signed by the presiding officers of both Houses and sent to the President of the United States. During the last six days of a session such engrossing and enrolling of bills and joint resolutions may be done otherwise than as above prescribed, upon the order of Congress by concurrent resolution.

(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 634.)

REFERENCE TO OBRA; EFFECTIVE DATE; RATIFICATION OF ENROLLMENT CORRECTIONS AND PRINTED ENROLL-

MENT

Pub. L. 100?360, title IV, ? 411(a), July 1, 1988, 102 Stat. 768, provided that:

``(1) REFERENCE.--In this section, the term `OBRA' refers to the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (Public Law 100?203) [Pub. L. 100?203, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330, see Tables for classification].

``(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.--Except as specifically provided in this section, the amendments made by this section [amending sections 254o, 294f, 300aa?12, 300aa?15, 300aa?21, 426, 704, 912, 1320a?7, 1320a?7a, 1320a?7b, 1320b?5, 1320b?7, 1320b?8, 1320c?3, 1320c?5, 1320c?9, 1395e, 1395h, 1395i?2, 1395i?3, 1395k, 1395l, 1395m, 1395u, 1395w?1, 1395w?2, 1395x, 1395y, 1395aa, 1395bb, 1395cc, 1395dd, 1395gg, 1395mm, 1395ss, 1395tt, 1395ww, 1395aaa, 1395bbb, 1395ccc, 1396a, 1396b, 1396d, 1396j, 1396n, 1396o, 1396p, 1396r, 1396r?1, 1396r?3, 1396r?4, 1396s, and 1397d of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare, amending provisions set out as notes under sections 426, 1320a?7a, 1320c?2, 1320c?3, 1395b?1, 1395h, 1395i?3, 1395l, 1395m, 1395n, 1395u, 1395w?1, 1395x, 1395aa, 1395dd, 1395mm, 1395ss, 1395ww, 1395bbb, 1396a, 1396b, and 1396r of Title 42, and repealing provisions set out as notes under section 1395l of Title 42], as they relate to a provision in OBRA, shall be effective as if they were included in the enactment of that provision in OBRA.

``(3) RATIFICATION OF ENROLLMENT CORRECTIONS AND PRINTED ENROLLMENT.--

``(A) IN GENERAL.--Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the enrollment corrections noted in footnotes numbered 9 through 72 of OBRA are hereby ratified and shall be considered to have been enacted as part of OBRA. The printed enrollment of title IV of OBRA [Pub. L. 100?203, title IV, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330?39], as prepared and printed under section 8004 of OBRA [section 8004 of Pub. L. 100?203, set out below] (including the footnote corrections described in subparagraph (B) and as incorporating the clarifications described in subparagraph (C)), shall be deemed to constitute title IV of OBRA as enacted.

``(B) FOOTNOTE CORRECTIONS.--(i) With respect to the reference to which footnote 28 relates (101 Stat. 1330?81), the reference shall be deemed to have read `1320a?7b)'.

``(ii) With respect to the word to which footnote 30 relates (101 Stat. 1330?91), the word shall be deemed to have read `the'.

``(iii) With respect to the designation to which footnote 52 relates (101 Stat. 1330?151), the designation shall be deemed to have read `(F)'.

``(C) CLARIFICATIONS OF ILLEGIBLE MATTER.--(i) Section 1842(n)(1)(A) of the Social Security Act, as added by section 4051(a) of OBRA (101 Stat. 1330?93) [42 U.S.C. 1395m(n)(1)(A)], is deemed to have the phrase `the supplier's reasonable charge to individuals enrolled under this part for the test' immediately after `or, if lower, the'.

``(ii) Section 1834(a)(7)(B)(i) of the Social Security Act, as inserted by section 4062(b) of OBRA (101 Stat. 1330?103) [42 U.S.C. 1395m(a)(7)(B)(i)], is deemed to

Page 5

TITLE 1--GENERAL PROVISIONS

? 106

have a reference to `1987' immediately after `December'.''

PRINTED ENROLLMENTS PREPARED AFTER ENACTMENT

Pub. L. 106?93, Nov. 10, 1999, 113 Stat. 1310, provided: ``That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived for the remainder of the first session of the One Hundred Sixth Congress with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any bill or joint resolution making general appropriations or continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2000. The enrollment of any such bill or joint resolution shall be in such form as the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.''

Pub. L. 105?253, Oct. 12, 1998, 112 Stat. 1887, provided: ``That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived for the remainder of the One Hundred Fifth Congress with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any bill or joint resolution making general appropriations or continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1999. The enrollment of any such bill or joint resolution shall be in such form as the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.''

Pub. L. 105?120, Nov. 26, 1997, 111 Stat. 2527, provided: ``That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived for the balance of the first session of the One Hundred Fifth Congress with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any bill or joint resolution making general appropriations for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 1998, or continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending on September 30, 1998. The enrollment of any such bill or joint resolution shall be in such form as the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.''

Pub. L. 105?32, Aug. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 250, provided: ``That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of H.R. 2014 [Pub. L. 105?34, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 788] and of H.R. 2015 [Pub. L. 105?33, Aug. 5, 1997, 111 Stat. 251] of the One Hundred Fifth Congress. The enrollment of each of those bills shall be in such form as the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.''

Pub. L. 104?207, Sept. 30, 1996, 110 Stat. 3008, provided that:

``SECTION 1. WAIVER OF REQUIREMENT FOR PARCHMENT PRINTING.

``(a) WAIVER.--The provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any appropriation measure of the One Hundred Fourth Congress presented to the President after the enactment of this joint resolution [Sept. 30, 1996].

``(b) CERTIFICATION OF ENROLLMENT BY COMMITTEE ON HOUSE OVERSIGHT.--The enrollment of any such measure shall be in such form as the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.

``SEC. 2. APPROPRIATION MEASURE DEFINED.

``For purposes of this joint resolution, the term `appropriation measure' means a bill or joint resolution that includes provisions making general or continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1997.''

Pub. L. 104?129, Apr. 9, 1996, 110 Stat. 1199, provided: ``That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of H.R. 3019 [Pub. L. 104?134, Apr. 26, 1996, 110 Stat. 1321] and the enrollment of H.R. 3136 [Pub. L. 104?121, Mar. 29, 1996, 110 Stat. 847], each of the One Hundred Fourth

Congress. The enrollment of either such bill shall be in such form as the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.''

Pub. L. 104?56, title II, ?? 201, 202, Nov. 20, 1995, 109 Stat. 553, provided that:

``SEC. 201. WAIVER OF REQUIREMENT FOR PARCHMENT PRINTING.

``(a) WAIVER.--The provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any of the following measures of the first session of the One Hundred Fourth Congress presented to the President after the enactment of this joint resolution [Nov. 20, 1995]:

``(1) A continuing resolution. ``(2) A debt limit extension measure. ``(3) A reconciliation bill. ``(b) CERTIFICATION BY COMMITTEE ON HOUSE OVERSIGHT.--The enrollment of a measure to which subsection (a) applies shall be in such form as the Committee on House Oversight of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.

``SEC. 202. DEFINITIONS. ``As used in this joint resolution: ``(1) CONTINUING RESOLUTION.--The term `continuing resolution' means a bill or joint resolution that includes provisions making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 1996. ``(2) DEBT LIMIT EXTENSION MEASURE.--The term `debt limit extension measure' means a bill or joint resolution that includes provisions increasing or waiving (for a temporary period or otherwise) the public debt limit under section 3101(b) of title 31, United States Code. ``(3) RECONCILIATION BILL.--The term `reconciliation bill' means a bill that is a reconciliation bill within the meaning of section 310 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 [2 U.S.C. 641].'' Identical provisions were contained in Pub. L. 104?54,

title II, ?? 201, 202, Nov. 19, 1995, 109 Stat. 545.

Pub. L. 102?387, Oct. 6, 1992, 106 Stat. 1519, provided: ``That the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any appropriation bill of the One Hundred Second Congress hereafter to be presented to the President. Such an enrollment shall be in such form as the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment. As used in this resolution, the term `appropriation bill' means a bill or joint resolution making or continuing appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1993.''

Pub. L. 102?260, Mar. 20, 1992, 106 Stat. 85, provided that:

``SECTION 1. WAIVER OF REQUIREMENT FOR PARCHMENT PRINTING.

``The provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of H.R. 4210 of the 102d Congress [H.R. 4210 was vetoed by the President on Mar. 20, 1992].

``SEC. 2. CERTIFICATION BY COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION.

``The enrollment of H.R. 4210 of the 102d Congress shall be in such form as the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.''

Pub. L. 101?497, Oct. 31, 1990, 104 Stat. 1205, provided that:

``SECTION 1. WAIVER OF REQUIREMENT FOR PARCHMENT PRINTING OF ENROLLMENT OF CERTAIN MEASURES.

``(a) WAIVER.--The provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived with respect

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to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of S. 2830 [Pub. L. 101?624, Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 3359].

``(b) CERTIFICATION OF ENROLLMENT BY THE SECRETARY OF THE SENATE.--The enrollment of S. 2830 shall be in such form as the Secretary of the Senate certifies to be a true enrollment.

``SEC. 2. SUBSEQUENT PREPARATION AND CERTIFICATION OF PRINTED ENROLLMENT.

``(a) PREPARATION.-- ``(1) IN GENERAL.--If S. 2830 is presented to the

President in the form of a hand enrollment pursuant to the authority of section 1, then upon the enactment of that bill the Secretary of the Senate shall prepare a printed enrollment of the bill as in the case of a bill to which sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, apply.

``(2) TYPOGRAPHICAL CORRECTIONS.--A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to paragraph (1) may, in order to conform to customary style for printed laws, include corrections in indentation, type face, and type size and may include notations (in the margins or as otherwise appropriate) of obvious errors in spelling or punctuation in the hand enrollment. ``(b) TRANSMITTAL TO PRESIDENT.--A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to subsection (a), after being certified by the Secretary of the Senate to be a correct printing of the hand enrollment, shall be signed by the presiding officer of each House of Congress and transmitted to the President. ``(c) CERTIFICATION BY PRESIDENT; PRESERVATION IN ARCHIVES.--Upon certification by the President that a printed enrollment transmitted pursuant to subsection (b) is a correct printing of the hand enrollment, such printed enrollment shall be transmitted to the Archivist of the United States, who shall preserve it with the hand enrollment. ``(d) PUBLICATION OF LAW.--In preparing the bill or joint resolution for publication in slip form and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the Archivist of the United States shall use the printed enrollment certified by the President under subsection (c) in lieu of the hand enrollment.

``SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

``As used in this resolution: ``(1) [sic] HAND ENROLLMENT.--The term `hand en-

rollment' means the enrollment, as authorized by section 1, of a bill or joint resolution for presentment to the President in a form other than the printed form required by sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code.''

Pub. L. 101?466, Oct. 27, 1990, 104 Stat. 1084, provided that:

``SECTION 1. WAIVER OF REQUIREMENT FOR PARCHMENT PRINTING OF ENROLLMENT OF CERTAIN MEASURES.

``(a) WAIVER.--The provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any reconciliation bill, appropriation bill, or continuing resolution of the One Hundred First Congress presented to the President after the enactment of this joint resolution [Oct. 27, 1990].

``(b) CERTIFICATION OF ENROLLMENT BY COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION.--The enrollment of any such bill or joint resolution shall be in such form as the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.

``SEC. 2. SUBSEQUENT PREPARATION AND CERTIFICATION OF PRINTED ENROLLMENT.

``(a) PREPARATION.-- ``(1) IN GENERAL.--If a reconciliation bill, appropria-

tion bill, or continuing resolution is presented to the President in the form of a hand enrollment pursuant to the authority of section 1, then upon the enactment of that bill or joint resolution the Clerk of the

House of Representatives shall prepare a printed enrollment of the bill or joint resolution as in the case of a bill or joint resolution to which sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, apply.

``(2) TYPOGRAPHICAL CORRECTIONS.--A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to paragraph (1) may, in order to conform to customary style for printed laws, include corrections in indentation, type face, and type size and may include notations (in the margins or as otherwise appropriate) of obvious errors in spelling or punctuation in the hand enrollment. ``(b) TRANSMITTAL TO PRESIDENT.--A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to subsection (a), after being certified by the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives to be a correct printing of the hand enrollment, shall be signed by the presiding officer of each House of Congress and transmitted to the President. ``(c) CERTIFICATION BY PRESIDENT; PRESERVATION IN ARCHIVES.--Upon certification by the President that a printed enrollment transmitted pursuant to subsection (b) is a correct printing of the hand enrollment, such printed enrollment shall be transmitted to the Archivist of the United States, who shall preserve it with the hand enrollment. ``(d) PUBLICATION OF LAW.--In preparing the bill or joint resolution for publication in slip form and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the Archivist of the United States shall use the printed enrollment certified by the President under subsection (c) in lieu of the hand enrollment.

``SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.

``As used in this resolution: ``(1) RECONCILIATION BILL.--The term `reconciliation

bill' means a bill to provide for reconciliation pursuant to section 4 of the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 1991.

``(2) APPROPRIATION BILL.--The term `appropriation bill' means a general appropriation bill making appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1991.

``(3) CONTINUING RESOLUTION.--The term `continuing resolution' means a joint resolution making continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1991.

``(4) HAND ENROLLMENT.--The term `hand enrollment' means the enrollment, as authorized by section 1, of a bill or joint resolution for presentment to the President in a form other than the printed form required by sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code.''

Pub. L. 100?454, Sept. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 1914, provided that:

``SECTION 1. HAND ENROLLMENT AUTHORIZED FOR GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS BILLS.

``(a) WAIVER OF CERTAIN LAWS WITH RESPECT TO PRINTING OF ENROLLED BILLS.--During the remainder of the second session of the One Hundredth Congress, the provisions of sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, are waived with respect to the printing (on parchment or otherwise) of the enrollment of any general appropriations bill making appropriations for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1989.

``(b) CERTIFICATION BY COMMITTEE ON HOUSE ADMINISTRATION.--The enrollment of any such bill shall be in such form as the Committee on House Administration of the House of Representatives certifies to be a true enrollment.

``SEC. 2. SUBSEQUENT PREPARATION AND CERTIFICATION OF PRINTED ENROLLMENTS.

``(a) PREPARATION.-- ``(1) IN GENERAL.--Upon the enactment of a bill fol-

lowing presentment of such bill to the President in the form of a hand enrollment pursuant to the authority of section 1 of this resolution, the Clerk of the House of Representatives shall prepare a printed enrollment of that bill as in the case of a bill to

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? 106

which sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, apply.

``(2) LIMITED STYLISTIC CORRECTIONS.--A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to paragraph (1) may, in order to conform to customary style for printed laws, include corrections in spelling, punctuation, indentation, type face, and type size and other necessary stylistic corrections to the hand enrollment. Such a printed enrollment shall include notations (in the margins or as otherwise appropriate) of all such corrections. ``(b) TRANSMITTAL TO PRESIDENT.--A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to subsection (a) shall be signed by the presiding officer of each House of Congress as a correct printing of the hand enrollment and shall be transmitted to the President. ``(c) CERTIFICATION BY PRESIDENT; LEGAL EFFECT.-- Upon certification by the President that a printed enrollment transmitted pursuant to subsection (b) is a correct printing of the hand enrollment, such printed enrollment shall be considered for all purposes as the original enrollment of the bill concerned and as valid evidence of the enactment of that bill. ``(d) ARCHIVES.--A printed enrollment certified by the President under subsection (c) shall be transmitted to the Archivist of the United States, who shall preserve it with the hand enrollment. In preparing the bill concerned for publication in slip form and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the Archivist of the United States shall use the printed enrollment certified by the President under subsection (c) in lieu of the hand enrollment. ``(e) HAND ENROLLMENT DEFINED.--As used in this section, the term `hand enrollment' means the enrollment, as authorized by section 1, of a bill for presentment to the President in a form other than the printed form required by sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code.''

Pub. L. 100?203, title VIII, ? 8004, Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1330?282, provided that:

``(a) PREPARATION OF PRINTED ENROLLMENT.--(1) Upon the enactment of this Act enrolled as a hand enrollment, the Clerk of the House of Representatives shall prepare a printed enrollment of this Act as in the case of a bill or joint resolution to which sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, apply. Such enrollment shall be a correct enrollment of this Act as enrolled in the hand enrollment.

``(2) A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to paragraph (1) may, in order to conform to customary style for printed laws, include corrections in spelling, punctuation, indentation, type face, and type size and other necessary stylistic corrections to the hand enrollment. Such a printed enrollment shall include notations (in the margins or as otherwise appropriate) of all such corrections.

``(b) TRANSMITTAL TO PRESIDENT.--A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to subsection (a) shall be signed by the presiding officers of both Houses of Congress as a correct printing of the hand enrollment of this Act and shall be transmitted to the President.

``(c) CERTIFICATION BY PRESIDENT; LEGAL EFFECT.-- Upon certification by the President that a printed enrollment transmitted pursuant to subsection (b) is a correct printing of the hand enrollment of this Act, such printed enrollment shall be considered for all purposes as the original enrollment of this Act and as valid evidence of the enactment of this Act.

``(d) ARCHIVES.--A printed enrollment certified by the President under subsection (c) shall be transmitted to the Archivist of the United States, who shall preserve it with the hand enrollment. In preparing this Act for publication in slip form and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the Archivist of the United States shall use the printed enrollment certified by the President under subsection (c) in lieu of the hand enrollment.

``(e) HAND ENROLLMENT DEFINED.--As used in this section, the term `hand enrollment' means enrollment in

a form other than the printed form required by sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, as authorized by the joint resolution entitled `Joint resolution authorizing the hand enrollment of the budget reconciliation bill and of the full-year continuing resolution for fiscal year 1988', approved December 1987 (H.J. Res. 426 of the 100th Congress) [Pub. L. 100?199, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1326].''

Pub. L. 100?202, ? 101(n), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329?432, provided that:

``(1) Upon the enactment of this resolution enrolled as a hand enrollment, the Clerk of the House of Representatives shall prepare a printed enrollment of this resolution as in the case of a bill or joint resolution to which sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, apply. Such enrollment shall be a correct enrollment of this resolution as enrolled in the hand enrollment.

``(2) A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to subsection (n)(1) may, in order to conform to customary style for printed laws, include corrections in spelling, punctuation, indentation, type face, and type size and other necessary stylistic corrections to the hand enrollment. Such a printed enrollment shall include notations (in the margins or as otherwise appropriate) of all such corrections.

``(3) A printed enrollment prepared pursuant to subsection (n)(1) shall be signed by the presiding officers of both Houses of Congress as a correct printing of the hand enrollment of this resolution and shall be transmitted to the President.

``(4) Upon certification by the President that a printed enrollment transmitted pursuant to subsection (n)(3) is a correct printing of the hand enrollment of this resolution, such printed enrollment shall be considered for all purposes as the original enrollment of this resolution and as valid evidence of the enactment of this resolution.

``(5) A printed enrollment certified by the President under subsection (n)(4) shall be transmitted to the Archivist of the United States, who shall preserve it with the hand enrollment. In preparing this resolution for publication in slip form and in the United States Statutes at Large pursuant to section 112 of title 1, United States Code, the Archivist of the United States shall use the printed enrollment certified by the President under subsection (n)(4) in lieu of the hand enrollment.

``(6) As used in this section, the term `hand enrollment' means enrollment in a form other than the printed form required by sections 106 and 107 of title 1, United States Code, as authorized by the joint resolution entitled `Joint resolution authorizing the hand enrollment of the budget reconciliation bill and of the full-year continuing resolution for fiscal year 1988', approved December 1987 (H.J. Res. 426 of the 100th Congress) [Pub. L. 100?199, Dec. 21, 1987, 101 Stat. 1326].''

CERTIFICATION OF PRINTED ENROLLMENTS OF CERTAIN PUBLIC LAWS

Memorandum of the President of the United States, Jan. 10, 1991, 56 F.R. 1481, provided:

Memorandum for the Archivist of the United States By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, I hereby authorize you to ascertain whether the printed enrollment of H.R. 5835, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 (Public Law 101?508), approved on November 5, 1990, is a correct printing of the hand enrollment and if so to make on my behalf the certification specified in Section 2(c) of H.J. Res. 682 (Public Law 101?466) [set out as a note above]. Attached is the printed enrollment that was received at the White House on January 7, 1991. This memorandum shall be published in the Federal Register.

GEORGE BUSH.

Memorandum of the President of the United States, Dec. 12, 1988, 53 F.R. 50373, provided:

? 106a

TITLE 1--GENERAL PROVISIONS

Page 8

Memorandum for the Archivist of the United States By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, I hereby authorize you to ascertain whether the printed enrollments of H.R. 4637, the Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1989 (Public Law 100?461), H.R. 4776, the District of Columbia Appropriations Act, 1989 (Public Law 100?462), and H.R. 4781, the Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1989 (Public Law 100?463), are correct printings of the hand enrollments, which were approved on October 1, 1988, and if so to make on my behalf the certifications required by Section 2(c) of H.J. Res. 665 (Public Law 100?454) [set out as a note above]. Attached are the printed enrollments of H.R. 4637, H.R. 4776, and H.R. 4781, which were received at the White House on December 1, 1988. This memorandum shall be published in the Federal Register.

RONALD REAGAN.

Memorandum of the President of the United States, Jan. 28, 1988, 53 F.R. 2816, provided:

Memorandum for the Archivist of the United States By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States, including Section 301 of Title 3 of the United States Code, I hereby authorize you to ascertain whether the printed enrollments of H.J. Res. 395, Joint Resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1988 (Public Law 100?202), and H.R. 3545, the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (Public Law 100?203), are correct printings of the hand enrollments, which were approved on December 22, 1987, and if so to make on my behalf the certifications required by Section 101(n)(4) of H.J. Res. 395 and Section 8004(c) of H.R. 3545 [set out as notes above]. Attached are the printed enrollments of H.J. Res. 395 and H.R. 3545, which were received at the White House on January 27, 1988. This memorandum shall be published in the Federal Register.

RONALD REAGAN.

? 106a. Promulgation of laws

Whenever a bill, order, resolution, or vote of the Senate and House of Representatives, having been approved by the President, or not having been returned by him with his objections, becomes a law or takes effect, it shall forthwith be received by the Archivist of the United States from the President; and whenever a bill, order, resolution, or vote is returned by the President with his objections, and, on being reconsidered, is agreed to be passed, and is approved by twothirds of both Houses of Congress, and thereby becomes a law or takes effect, it shall be received by the Archivist of the United States from the President of the Senate, or Speaker of the House of Representatives in whichsoever House it shall last have been so approved, and he shall carefully preserve the originals.

(Added Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, ? 2(b), 65 Stat. 710; amended Pub. L. 98?497, title I, ? 107(d), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2291.)

AMENDMENTS

1984--Pub. L. 98?497 substituted ``Archivist of the United States'' for ``Administrator of General Services'' in two places.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 98?497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98?497, set out as a note under section 2102 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

SIMILAR PROVISIONS; REPEAL; SAVING CLAUSE; DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS; TRANSFER OF PROPERTY AND PER-

SONNEL

Similar provisions were contained in R.S. ? 204; act Dec. 28, 1874, ch. 9, ? 2, 18 Stat. 294; 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 20, ? 1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3178, 64 Stat. 1272, which with the exception of the reorganization plan, were repealed by section 56(h) of act Oct. 31, 1951. Subsec. (l) of that section 56 provided that the repeal should not affect any rights or liabilities existing under those statutes on the effective date of the repeal (Oct. 31, 1951). For delegation of functions under the repealed statutes, and transfer of records, property, personnel, and funds, see sections 3 and 4 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 20, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

? 106b. Amendments to Constitution

Whenever official notice is received at the National Archives and Records Administration that any amendment proposed to the Constitution of the United States has been adopted, according to the provisions of the Constitution, the Archivist of the United States shall forthwith cause the amendment to be published, with his certificate, specifying the States by which the same may have been adopted, and that the same has become valid, to all intents and purposes, as a part of the Constitution of the United States.

(Added Oct. 31, 1951, ch. 655, ? 2(b), 65 Stat. 710; amended Pub. L. 98?497, title I, ? 107(d), Oct. 19, 1984, 98 Stat. 2291.)

AMENDMENTS

1984--Pub. L. 98?497 substituted ``National Archives and Records Administration'' and ``Archivist of the United States'' for ``General Services Administration'' and ``Administrator of General Services'', respectively.

EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1984 AMENDMENT

Amendment by Pub. L. 98?497 effective Apr. 1, 1985, see section 301 of Pub. L. 98?497, set out as a note under section 2102 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents.

SIMILAR PROVISIONS; REPEAL; SAVING CLAUSE; DELEGATION OF FUNCTIONS; TRANSFER OF PROPERTY AND PER-

SONNEL

Similar provisions were contained in R.S. ? 205; 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 20, ? 1, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3178, 64 Stat. 1272. R.S. ? 205 was repealed by section 56(h) of act Oct. 31, 1951. Subsec. (l) of section 56 provided that the repeal should not affect any rights or liabilities existing under the repealed statute on the effective date of the repeal (Oct. 31, 1951). For delegation of functions under the repealed statute, and transfer of records, property, personnel, and funds, see sections 3 and 4 of 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 20, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.

? 107. Parchment or paper for printing enrolled bills or resolutions

Enrolled bills and resolutions of either House of Congress shall be printed on parchment or paper of suitable quality as shall be determined by the Joint Committee on Printing.

(July 30, 1947, ch. 388, 61 Stat. 635.)

? 108. Repeal of repealing act

Whenever an Act is repealed, which repealed a former Act, such former Act shall not thereby be revived, unless it shall be expressly so provided.

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