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AIM: How did the Civil Rights Act (1964) and the Voting Rights Act (1965) help expand and protect civil rights?Do Now: Keep the handouts for today (Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act)Video: Civil Rights Act of 1964 (AP Archive, newsreel)From the College Board: Essential knowledge (AP Central, AP GOVT curriculum guide) “Civil rights protect individuals from discrimination based on characteristics such as race, national origin, religion, and sex; these rights are guaranteed to all citizens under the due process and equal protection clauses of the U.S. Constitution, as well as acts of Congress. The leadership and events associated with civil, women’s, and LGBT rights are evidence of how the equal protection clause can support and motivate social movements, as represented by: Dr. Martin Luther King’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” and the civil rights movement of the 1960s, The National Organization for Women and the women’s rights movement & The pro-life (anti-abortion) movement.”Civil RightsDefinition: policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individualsRacial DiscriminationGender DiscriminationDiscrimination based on age, disability, sexual orientation, and religion, ethnicity, & other factorsConceptions of EqualityEqual opportunity: same chancesEqual results: same rewardsEarly American Views of EqualityThe Constitution and InequalityEquality is not in the original Constitution.First mention of equality in the 14th Amendment: “…equal protection of the laws”The Era of Civil Rights (continued)Civil Rights Act of 1964Made racial discrimination illegal in hotels, restaurants, and other public accommodation – What is a public accommodation? Why was this act needed if the 14th Amendment already covered “equal protection”?Forbade employment discrimination based on raceCreated Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)Strengthened voting right legislationGetting and Using the Right to VoteSuffrage: the legal right to voteFifteenth Amendment: extended suffrage to African AmericansPoll Taxes: small taxes levied on the right to voteWhite Primary: Only whites were allowed to vote in the party primaries.Getting and Using the Right to VoteSmith v. Allwright (1944): ended white primariesTwenty-fourth Amendment: eliminated poll taxes for federal electionsVoting Rights Act of 1965: helped end formal and informal barriers to votingEthnic, Cultural Groups and LGBTQ AmericansNative AmericansSanta Clara Pueblo v. Martinez (1978)Latinx (Latino/Latina) AmericansMexican American Legal Defense and Education FundAsian AmericansKorematsu v. United States (1944)RELIGION Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employers from discriminating against individuals because of their religion (or lack of religious belief) in hiring, firing, or any other terms and conditions of employmentLGBTQ Obergefell v. Hodges is a landmark civil rights case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the fundamental right to marry is guaranteed to same-sex couples by both the Due Process Clause and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.Q: Turn and talk…Why did the Obergefell case involve the equal protection clause and the due process clause? ................
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