CHAPTER 1



CHAPTER 1

ORIENTATION TO SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY | |CHAPTER 1

ORIENTATION TO SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY | | |

|HISTORY OF SURGERY |4 |HISTORY OF SURGERY |3 |

|SURGERY TODAY |4 |SURGERY TODAY |4 |

|Surgical Specialties |4 |Surgical Specialties |5 |

|HISTORY OF SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY |6 |HISTORY OF SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY |6 |

|SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY AND SURGICAL TECHNOLOGISTS |6 |FIELD OF SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY |8 |

| Field of Surgical Technology |6 |FIELD OF SURGICAL TECHNOLOGY |8 |

|Surgical Technology Education and Certification |6 |Surgical Technology Education and Certification |10 |

|Surgical Technologist-Role(s) and Competencies |7 |Roles and Competencies |11 |

|Daily Roles in the Operating Room |7 |Surgical Team Members |8 |

|Job Descriptions for the Surgical Technologist |14 |Job Descriptions for the Surgical Technologist |13 |

|HEALTH CARE FACILITIES |14 |HEALTH CARE FACILITIES |14 |

|Hospital Organization |15 |Hospital Organization |15 |

|Financial Considerations and Reimbursement |17 |Financial Considerations and Reimbursement |19 |

|Organizations Related to Hospitals, Health Care, and |18 |Organizations Related to Hospitals, Health Care, and |20 |

|Surgical Services | |Surgical Services | |

|Hospital Departments and Interdepartmental Communication|18 |Hospital Departments and Interdepartmental |17 |

| | |Communication | |

|PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL RELATIONS |20 |THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST AS A PROFESSIONAL |11 |

|Surgical Technologist’s Lifestyle |21 |Surgical Technologist’s Lifestyle |12 |

|Surgical Technologist as a Professional |21 |Professionalism |11 |

| | |NEW Working Conditions |8 |

| | |NEW Personal Characteristics |8 |

| | |NEW Career Opportunities |13 |

|CHAPTER 2 | |CHAPTER 3 | |

|THE SURGICAL PATIENT | |THE SURGICAL PATIENT | |

| | |CHAPTER 2* | |

| | |STANDARDS OF CONDUCT | |

| | |CHAPTER 4 * | |

| | |SPECIAL POPULATION | |

| | | | |

| | |*Chapters 2 & 4 are new. They will be listed with | |

| | |entire contents separately at the end of the grid. | |

|THE STSR AND THE SURGICAL PATIENT |25 |THE STSR AND THE SURGICAL PATIENT |43 |

|PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND SPIRITUAL NEEDS OF |25 |PHYSICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL, AND SPIRITUAL NEEDS OF|43 |

|THE SURGICAL PATIENT | |THE SURGICAL PATIENT | |

|Understanding the Surgical Patient |26 |Understanding the Surgical Patient |44 |

|Causes of Surgical Intervention |26 |Causes of Surgical Intervention |44 |

|The Surgical Patient, a Human Being |26 |The Surgical Patient, a Human Being |44 |

|Prioritizing Needs-Maslow’s Hierarchy |27 |Prioritizing Needs-Maslow’s Hierarchy |45 |

|Select Basic Concepts in Developmental and Social |27 |Life Stage Development: Select Basic Concepts |46 |

|Psychology | | | |

|Cultural and Religious Influences |32 |Cultural and Religious Influences |49 |

|PATIENT BILL OF RIGHTS: A FORMAL VIEW OF THE PATIENT AS |41 |AHA Patient’s Bill of Rights (Ch.2) |31 |

|HUMAN | | | |

|Consent for Surgery: A Basic Right |43 |Consent for Surgery: A Basic Right (Ch.2) |27 |

|Principles of Documentation |45 |Documentation (Ch.2) |45 |

|LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATION |46 |ETHICAL AND MORAL ISSUES |30 |

| | |Elements of Ethical Decision Making (Ch.2) |32 |

|AST Code of Ethics |48 |Professional Codes of Conduct (Ch.2) |34 |

|Specific Legal Considerations |48 |Definitions of General Legal Terms |23 |

| | |Definitions of Traditional Principles (Ch.2) |24 |

|SPECIAL POPULATIONS |51 |INTRODUCTION (Ch. 4) |57 |

|Pediatric Patients |51 |Pediatric Patients (Ch. 4) |57 |

|Geriatric Patients |51 |Geriatric Patients (Ch. 4) |69 |

|Other Special Populations: Trauma, HIV Positive, and |53 |Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |68 |

|Organ Donor/Recipient | |Trauma Patients (Ch. 4) |71 |

|SURGICAL PATIENT CARE: PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER |54 | | |

|Using the CARE Approach |54 | | |

|CHAPTER 3 | |CHAPTER 5 | |

|PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY STANDARDS | |PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND SAFETY STANDARDS | |

|PHYSICAL DESIGN OF THE SURGERY DEPARTMENT |58 |PHYSICAL DESIGN OF THE SURGERY DEPARTMENT |77 |

|Areas of the OR |58 |Areas of the OR |78 |

|Physical Components of the Operative Suite |59 |Physical Components of the Operative Suite |79 |

|Substerile Area |64 |Substerile Area |83 |

|Direct Support Services |64 |Direct Support Services |83 |

|HAZARDS AND REGULATORY AGENCIES |66 |HAZARDS AND REGULATORY AGENCIES |85 |

|SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS |67 |SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS |86 |

|Air-Handling System |67 |Air-Handling System |86 |

|Surgical Lights |67 |Surgical Lights |86 |

|Noise in the Operating Room |67 |Noise in the Operating Room |86 |

|Ergonomics and Safety Considerations |67 |Ergonomics and Safety Considerations |86 |

|Fire Hazards and Safety |68 |Fire Hazards and Safety |87 |

|Electrical Hazards |69 |Electrical Hazards |88 |

|Ionizing Radiation |70 |Ionizing Radiation |89 |

|BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS |71 |BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS |90 |

|Universal Precautions |71 |Universal Precautions |90 |

|Standard Precautions |71 |Standard Precautions |90 |

|Laser and Electrosurgical Plume |74 |Laser and Electrosurgical Plume |93 |

|Latex Allergy |74 |Latex Allergy |94 |

|CHEMICAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS |75 |CHEMICAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS |94 |

|Waste Anesthetic Gases |75 |Waste Anesthetic Gases |94 |

|Methyl Methacrylate |75 |Methyl Methacrylate |95 |

|Formalin |75 |Formalin |95 |

|Ethylene Oxide |75 |Ethylene Oxide |95 |

|Glutaraldehyde |76 |Glutaraldehyde |95 |

|CHAPTER 4 | |CHAPTER 7 | |

|ASEPSIS | |ASEPSIS AND STERILE TECHNIQUE | |

|HISTORY OF STERILIZATION |81 |HISTORY OF STERILIZATION |130 |

|BASIC TERMINOLOGY |81 |BASIC TERMINOLOGY |131 |

|PATHOGENS AND INFECTION |82 |PATHOGENS AND INFECTION |131 |

|Infection |83 |Infection |131 |

|Pathogens Associated with Surgical Site Infection |83 |Pathogens Associated with Surgical Site Infection |132 |

|Methods of Transmission |85 |Methods of Transmission |135 |

|PRINCIPLES OF ASEPSIS AND STERILE TECHNIQUES |88 |PRINCIPLES OF ASEPSIS |138 |

|Principle 1: Sterile Field |88 |Principle 1: Sterile Field |138 |

|Principle 2: Sterile Team Member Attire |89 |Principle 2: Sterile Team Member Attire |139 |

|Principle 3: Movement in and around Sterile Field |90 |Principle 3: Movement in and around Sterile Field |140 |

|SURGICAL CONSCIENCE |91 |SURGICAL CONSCIENCE |140 |

|CLEANING, DISINFECTION, AND STERILIZATION |91 |CLEANING, DISINFECTION, AND STERILIZATION |141 |

|Cleaning and Disinfection |92 |Cleaning and Disinfection |142 |

|Disinfectant and Disinfectant/Sterilant Agents |96 |Disinfectant and Disinfectant/Sterilant Agents |147 |

|INSTRUMENT PREPARATION AND WRAPPING FOR STERILIZATION |100 |INSTRUMENT PREPARATION AND WRAPPING FOR STERILIZATION |151 |

|Instruments |100 |Instruments |151 |

|Specific Procedural Trays |100 |Specific Procedural Trays |151 |

|Instrument Sets |100 |Instrument Sets |151 |

|PACKAGING FOR STERILIZATION AND STORAGE |101 |PACKAGING FOR STERILIZATION AND STORAGE |152 |

|Performance Standards of Packaging Material |101 |Performance Standards of Packaging Material |152 |

|Performance Characteristics |101 |Performance Characteristics |152 |

|Types of Packaging Materials |102 |Types of Packaging Materials |153 |

|General Principles of Packaging |104 |General Principles of Packaging |155 |

|Sterilization |106 |Sterilization |158 |

|Requirements and Essential Factors |107 |Requirements and Essential FactorS |159 |

|Basic Components of a Steam Sterilizer |108 |Basic Components of a Steam Sterilizer |160 |

|GAS STERILIZATION |110 |GAS STERILIZATION |163 |

|Ethylene Oxide |111 |Ethylene Oxide |163 |

|Alternative Gas Sterilization Methods |111 |Alternative Gas Sterilization Methods |164 |

|LIQUID CHEMICAL STERILIZATION PROCESSES |112 |LIQUID CHEMICAL STERILIZATION PROCESSES |165 |

|IONIZING RADIATION |112 |IONIZING RADIATION |165 |

|METHODS OF MONITORING THE STERILIZATION PROCESS |113 |METHODS OF MONITORING THE STERILIZATION PROCESS |165 |

|Mechanical Methods of Monitoring the Sterilization |113 |Mechanical Methods of Monitoring the Sterilization |165 |

|Process | |Process | |

|Chemical Methods of Monitoring the Sterilization Process|113 |Chemical Methods of Monitoring the Sterilization |166 |

| | |Process | |

|Biological Methods of Monitoring the Sterilization |113 |Biological Methods of Monitoring the Sterilization |166 |

|Process | |Process | |

|Bowie-Dick Test |114 |Bowie-Dick Test |167 |

|EVENT-RELATED STERILITY |114 |EVENT-RELATED STERILITY |167 |

|Environmental Decontamination |115 |Environmental Decontamination |168 |

|Environmental Services |115 |Environmental Services |168 |

|Case by Case |115 |Case by Case |168 |

|Daily |115 |Daily |168 |

|CHAPTER 5 | |CHAPTER 8 | |

|GENERAL PATIENT CARE AND SAFETY | |GENERAL PATIENT CARE AND SAFETY | |

|PREOPERATIVE PATIENT ROUTINES |119 |PREOPERATIVE PATIENT ROUTINES |172 |

|Surgical Consent |119 |Surgical Consent |173 |

|Preoperative Education |120 |Preoperative Education |175 |

|Patient Possessions |120 |Patient Possessions |175 |

|Evening/Morning before Surgery |121 |Evening/Morning before Surgery |176 |

|Diet |122 |Diet |177 |

|Makeup and Dress |122 |Makeup and Dress |177 |

|Call to Operating Room |122 |Call to Operating Room |177 |

|Family Visit |122 |Family Visit |177 |

|Patient Identification |123 |Patient Identification |177 |

|Transportation |123 |Transportation |178 |

|TRANSFER AND POSITIONING |123 |TRANSFER AND POSITIONING |179 |

|BASIC POSITIONING FOR SURGERY |124 |BASIC POSITIONING FOR SURGERY |180 |

|Supine Position |125 |Supine Position |181 |

|Trendelenburg Position |125 |Trendelenburg Position |183 |

|Reverse Trendelenburg Position |125 |Reverse Trendelenburg Position |184 |

|Fowler’s Position and Sitting Position |125 |Fowler’s Position and Sitting Position |184 |

|Lithotomy Position |125 |Lithotomy Position |185 |

|Prone Position |125 |Prone Position |186 |

|Kraske (Jackknife Position) |127 |Kraske (Jackknife Position) |188 |

|Lateral Position |127 |Lateral Position |189 |

|Lateral Kidney Position |128 |Kidney Position |190 |

| | |NEW Sim’s Position |191 |

|THERMOREGULATORY DEVICES |128 |THERMOREGULATORY DEVICES |191 |

|VITAL SIGNS |129 |VITAL SIGNS |192 |

|Temperature |129 |Temperature |192 |

|Pulse |130 |Pulse |193 |

|Respiration |131 |Respiration |194 |

|Blood Pressure |131 |Blood Pressure |196 |

|URINARY CATHETERIZATION |133 |URINARY CATHETERIZATION |199 |

|Indications |133 |Indications |200 |

|Procedure |133 |Procedure |200 |

| | |NEW Considerations |200 |

|SKIN PREPARATION |134 |SKIN PREPARATION |202 |

|Clean Areas and Contaminated Areas |136 |SKIN PREPARATION |202 |

|Skin Preparation Setup |136 |Skin Preparation Setup |203 |

|Perineal and Vaginal Preparations |138 |Perineal and Vaginal Preparations |206 |

|Skin Marking |138 |Skin Marking |206 |

|HEMOSTASIS AND BLOOD REPLACEMENT |139 |HEMOSTASIS AND BLOOD REPLACEMENT |206 |

|Factors Affecting Hemostasis |139 |Factors Affecting Hemostasis |207 |

|Control of Bleeding during Surgery |139 |Control of Bleeding during Surgery |207 |

|Mechanical Methods |140 |Mechanical Methods |207 |

|THERMAL HEMOSTASIS |141 |THERMAL HEMOSTASIS |209 |

|PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS |142 |PHARMACOLOGICAL AGENTS |209 |

|Blood Loss |142 |Blood Loss |210 |

|Blood Replacement |143 |Blood Replacement |210 |

|CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION |144 |CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION |211 |

|Cardiac Arrest in the Surgical Setting |144 |Cardiac Arrest in the Surgical Setting |212 |

|MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA |145 |MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA |213 |

|Prevention |145 |Prevention |213 |

|Treatment |145 |Treatment |213 |

|EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES |146 |EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES |213 |

|INDICATIONS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS |146 |INDICATIONS OF EMERGENCY SITUATIONS |214 |

|OBJECTIVES AND PRIORITIES IN ERMERGENCY SITUATIONS |146 |OBJECTIVES AND PRIORITIES IN ERMERGENCY SITUATIONS |214 |

|Syncope |147 |Syncope |214 |

|Convulsions/Seizures |147 |Convulsions/Seizures |215 |

|Management of Seizure |147 |Management of Seizure |215 |

|Anaphylactic Reactions |147 |Anaphylactic Reactions |215 |

|Clinical Manifestations of Impending Cardiac Arrest |148 |Clinical Manifestations of Impending Cardiac Arrest |216 |

|Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions |148 |Hemolytic Transfusion Reactions |211 |

|CHAPTER 6 | |CHAPTER 9 | |

|SURGICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND ANESTHESIA | |SURGICAL PHARMACOLOGY AND ANESTHESIA | |

|PHARMACOLOGY |151 |PHARMACOLOGY |219 |

|Drug Sources |151 |Drug Sources |219 |

|Drug Forms |151 |Drug Forms |220 |

|Drug Nomenclature |152 |Drug Nomenclature |220 |

|Route of Administration |152 |Route of Administration |221 |

|Drug Classifications |152 |Drug Classifications |221 |

|Pharmacokinetics |153 |Pharmacokinetics |221 |

|Pharmacodynamics |154 |Pharmacodynamics |222 |

|DRUG-HANDLING TECHNIQUES |154 |DRUG-HANDLING TECHNIQUES |223 |

|Medication Identification |155 |Medication Identification |223 |

|Supplies for Medication Handling |156 |Supplies for Medication Handling |225 |

|Transfer of a Medication to the Sterile Field |156 |Transfer of a Medication to the Sterile Field |225 |

|Medications Commonly Used in the Operating Room |157 |Medications Commonly Used in the Operating Room |226 |

|HISTORY OF MODERN ANESTHESIA |160 |HISTORY OF MODERN ANESTHESIA |229 |

|METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF ANESTHETIC ADMINISTRATION |161 |METHODS AND TECHNIQUES OF ANESTHETIC ADMINISTRATION |231 |

|GENERAL ANESTHESIA |162 |GENERAL ANESTHESIA |231 |

|Depth of General Anesthesia |162 |Depth of General Anesthesia |231 |

|Phases of General Anesthesia |162 |Phases of General Anesthesia |232 |

|Advantages of General Anesthesia |163 |Advantages of General Anesthesia |232 |

|Risks and Complications Associated with General |163 |Risks and Complications Associated with General |232 |

|Anesthesia | |Anesthesia | |

|Anesthetic Agents |165 |Anesthetic Agents |235 |

|Adjuncts to General Anesthesia |170 |Adjuncts to General Anesthesia |240 |

|Anesthesia Equipment |171 |Anesthesia Equipment |241 |

|NERVE CONDUCTION BLOCKADE |174 |NERVE CONDUCTION BLOCKADE |244 |

|Nerve Conduction Blocking Agents |174 |Nerve Conduction Blocking Agents |244 |

|Topical Anesthesia |175 |Topical Anesthesia |246 |

|Local Anesthesia |176 |Local Anesthesia |246 |

|Regional Anesthesia |176 |Regional Anesthesia |246 |

|Epidural Anesthesia |178 |Epidural Anesthesia |249 |

|NONTRADITIONAL ANESTHESIA OPTIONS |179 |NONTRADITIONAL ANESTHESIA OPTIONS |249 |

|TEAM MEMBER ROLES DURING ANESTHESIA ADMINISTRATION |179 |TEAM MEMBER ROLES DURING ANESTHESIA ADMINISTRATION |249 |

|Preoperative Visits |180 |Preoperative Visits |250 |

|Preoperative Routine-All Types of Anesthesia |180 |Preoperative Routine-All Types of Anesthesia |250 |

|Postanesthesia Care |184 |Postanesthesia Care |253 |

|CHAPTER 7 | |CHAPTER 10 | |

|INSTRUMENTATION, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES | |INSTRUMENTATION, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES | |

|INSTRUMENTATION |188 |INSTRUMENTATION |259 |

|Classifications |188 |Classifications |259 |

|Care and Handling |193 |Instrument Care and Handling |264 |

|Types of Instrument Sets |193 |Types of Instrument Sets |265 |

|SPECIALTY EQUIPMENT |196 |SPECIALTY EQUIPMENT |269 |

|Endoscopes |196 |Endoscopes |269 |

|Power Tools |197 |Power Tools |270 |

|Lasers |197 |Lasers |270 |

|Microscopes |200 |Microscopes |273 |

|Video Monitors, Recorders, and Cameras |200 |Video Monitors, Recorders, and Cameras |273 |

|Fiber-optic Headlights and Light Sources |201 |Fiber-optic Headlamps and Light Sources |274 |

|Irrigation/Aspiration (IA) Units |201 |Irrigation/Aspiration Units |274 |

|Cryotherapy Units |201 |Cryotherapy Units |274 |

|Insufflators |201 |Insufflators |274 |

|Nerve Stimulators |201 |Nerve Stimulators |274 |

|ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT |202 |ACCESSORY EQUIPMENT |275 |

|Suction Systems |202 |Suction Systems |275 |

|Electrosurgical Unit |202 |Electrosurgical Unit |275 |

|Lights |204 |Lights |278 |

|Pneumatic Tourniquets |205 |Pneumatic Tourniquets |279 |

| | |NEW Sequential Compression Devices |280 |

|SUPPLIES |206 |SUPPLIES |280 |

|Drapes |206 |Drapes |280 |

|Sterile Packs |207 |Sterile Packs |282 |

|Sponges and Dressings |207 |Sponges and Dressings |282 |

|Catheters, Tubes, and Drains |209 |Catheters, Tubes, and Drains |285 |

|Nonsuture Needles |211 |Nonsuture Needles |288 |

|Irrigators and Syringes |212 |Irrigators and Syringes |289 |

|CHAPTER 8 | |CHAPTER 11 | |

|WOUND HEALING, SUTURES, NEEDLES, AND STAPLING DEVICES | |WOUND HEALING, SUTURES, NEEDLES, AND STAPLING DEVICES | |

|INTRODUCTION |215 |INTRODUCTION |292 |

|TYPES OF WOUNDS |215 |TYPES OF WOUNDS |292 |

|Surgical Wound |215 |Surgical Wound |292 |

|Traumatic Wound |215 |Traumatic Wound |293 |

|Chronic Wound |216 |Chronic Wound |294 |

|INFLAMMATORY PROCESS |216 |INFLAMMATORY PROCESS |294 |

|TYPES OF WOUND HEALING |216 |TYPES OF WOUND HEALING |294 |

|First Intention (Primary Union) |216 |First Intention (Primary Union) |294 |

|Phases of Wound Healing by First Intention |216 |Phases of Wound Healing by First Intention |295 |

|Second Intention (Granulation) |217 |Second Intention (Granulation) |295 |

|Third Intention (Delayed Primary Closure) |217 |Third Intention (Delayed Primary Closure) |295 |

|FACTORS INFLUENCING WOUND HEALING |218 |FACTORS INFLUENCING WOUND HEALING |295 |

|COMPLICATIONS OF THE HEALING WOUND |218 |COMPLICATIONS OF THE HEALING WOUND |296 |

|Intraoperative Wound Care |219 |Intraoperative Wound Care |297 |

|Postoperative Wound Care |220 |Postoperative Wound Care |298 |

|SUTURE |221 |SUTURE |298 |

|History |221 |History |298 |

|Types of Suture Material |222 |Types of Suture Material |299 |

|Suture Sizes |222 |Suture Sizes |300 |

|General Factors Affecting Choice of Suture |222 |General Factors Affecting Choice of Suture |300 |

|Characteristics of Common Sutures |223 |Characteristics of Common Sutures |300 |

|Packaging of Suture |225 |Packaging of Suture |303 |

|Ligatures |226 |Ligatures |303 |

|Ligating Methods |226 |Ligating Methods |303 |

|Suture for the Procedure |227 |Suture for the Procedure |304 |

|Layer Closure |228 |Layer Closure |305 |

|Endoscopic Suture |229 |Endoscopic Suture |307 |

|Suturing Techniques |229 |Suturing Techniques |307 |

|Accessory Devices |231 |Accessory Devices |309 |

|STAPLING DEVICES |232 |STAPLING DEVICES |310 |

|Types of Staplers |233 |Types of Staplers |312 |

|Meshes or Fabrics |234 |Meshes or Fabrics |313 |

|NEEDLES |234 |NEEDLES |314 |

|Needle Eye |235 |Needle Eye |314 |

|Needle Point |235 |Needle Point |315 |

|Needle Bodies |236 |Needle Bodies |315 |

|CHAPTER 9 | |CHAPTER 12 | |

|THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIS IN THE SCRUB ROLE (CASE | |SURGICAL CASE MANAGEMENT | |

|MANAGEMENT) | | | |

|OPERATING ROOM ATTIRE |239 |Attire |323 |

|Clothing |239 |Scrub Suit |323 |

|Head Coverings |240 |Hair Cover |324 |

|Masks |240 |Mask |324 |

|Shoe Covers |240 |Shoe Covers |325 |

|Gloves |241 |Nonsterile Glove |325 |

| | |Sterile Gloves |326 |

|Surgical Gown |241 |Sterile Gown |326 |

|Protective Eyewear |242 |Protective Eyewear |325 |

|Other Protective Attire |242 |Other Protective Attire |326 |

|DAILY ROUTINES |242 |Preparing the OR |327 |

|Furniture Setup |242 |OR Setup |327 |

|ESTABLISHING THE STERILE FIELD |243 |Creating and Maintaining the Sterile Field |329 |

|Opening Sterile Supplies |243 |Opening Sterile Supplies |330 |

|The Surgical Scrub |246 |Scrubbing and Donning Sterile Attire |333 |

|Hand Drying and Donning the Surgical Gown |248 |Self-Drying and Gowning |335 |

|Closed Gloving Technique for Gowning and Gloving |251 |Closed Gloving |338 |

|Open Glove Technique When Not Gowned |251 |Open Gloving |340 |

|Gowning and Gloving Another Team Member |254 |Turning the Gown |339 |

|Turning Gown |254 |Turning the Gown |339 |

|Gown Removal |255 |Gown and Glove Removal |364 |

|BACK TABLE SETUP |255 |ORGANIZING THE BACK TABLE |341 |

|Some Basic Principles of Back Table Setup |256 |ORGANIZING THE BACK TABLE |341 |

|THE MAYO STAND |258 |Organizing the Mayo Stand |346 |

|DRAPING THE SURGICAL PATIENT |260 |Draping the Surgical Patient |346 |

|General Principles of Draping |260 |Draping the Surgical Patient |346 |

|INTRAOPERATIVE ACTIVITIES OF THE STSR |265 |INTRAOPERATIVE CASE MANAGEMENT |353 |

|Using the APOS Approach During the Intraoperative Phase |265 |General Principles |353 |

|Case Management: Principles, Techniques, Considerations|267 | | |

|Principles of Practice |267 |INTRODUCTION |318 |

|Technique of Practice: Passing Instruments |268 |Passing the Instruments (and Other Supplies) |356 |

|Counts |270 |Counting |359 |

|Medications and Solutions in the Sterile Field |270 |Medication Handling |360 |

|Dressing Application |271 |Dressing Application |361 |

|Communication |271 |Intraoperative Communication |355 |

|Postoperative Routines |272 |POSTOPERATIVE CASE MANAGEMENT |363 |

| | |NEW Applied Theory |319 |

| | |NEW Positioning of the Sterile Team Members and the |353 |

| | |Furniture | |

| | |NEW Progression of the Surgical Procedure |361 |

| | |NEW Preservation of the Sterile Field |363 |

| | |NEW Drape Removal |363 |

| | |NEW Immediate Postoperative Care |364 |

| | |NEW Patient Transfer and Transportation |364 |

| | |NEW Breakdown of the Setup |365 |

| | |NEW The Operating Room Cycle |365 |

| | |NEW The Instrument Cycle |366 |

|CHAPTER 10 | |CHAPTER 13 | |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES | |DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES | |

|SOURCES OF PATIENT DATA |278 |SOURCES OF PATIENT DATA |371 |

|History and Physical Examination |278 |History and Physical Examination |371 |

|Diagnostic Imaging |278 |Diagnostic Imaging |371 |

|Laboratory Reports |285 |Laboratory Reports |378 |

|Electrodiagnostic Studies |288 |Electrodiagnostic Studies |381 |

|Pulmonary Diagnosis |289 |Pulmonary Diagnosis |382 |

|Endoscopy |289 |Endoscopy |383 |

|Plethysmography and Phleborheography |289 |Plethysmography and Phleborheography |383 |

|INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY |289 |INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY |383 |

|CHAPTER 11 | |CHAPTER 14 | |

|GENERAL SURGERY | |GENERAL SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY |292 |ANATOMY |386 |

|Abdominal Cavity: General Dimensions |292 |Abdominal Cavity: General Dimensions |386 |

|Surface Features |293 |Surface Features |386 |

|Abdominal Musculature |293 |Abdominal Musculature |387 |

|Peritoneum |293 |Peritoneum |387 |

|Retroperitoneum |293 |Retroperitoneum |388 |

|Alimentary Canal |293 |Alimentary Canal |388 |

|Esophagus |293 |Esophagus |388 |

|Stomach |294 |Stomach |389 |

|Small Intestine |295 |Small Intestine |390 |

|Mesentery |296 |Mesentery |391 |

|Colon |297 |Colon |391 |

|Rectum |299 |Rectum |393 |

|Anus |299 |Anus |393 |

|Omenta |299 |Omenta |394 |

|Pancreas |299 |Pancreas |394 |

|Spleen |300 |Spleen |395 |

|Liver |301 |Liver |395 |

|Biliary Tract |301 |Biliary Tract |396 |

|GENERAL SURGERY INSTRUMENTATION |303 |GENERAL SURGERY INSTRUMENTATION |397 |

|General Surgery: Minor Set |303 |General Surgery: Minor Set |397 |

|Local Excision Instruments |303 |Local Excision Instruments |399 |

|Biliary Instruments |303 |Biliary Instruments |399 |

|Intestinal Instruments |303 |Intestinal Instruments |400 |

|Other General Instruments |303 |Other General Instruments |400 |

|ROOM SETUP |307 |ROOM SETUP |400 |

|POSITIONING |307 |POSITIONING |400 |

|DRAPING |307 |DRAPING |400 |

|INCISIONS |307 |INCISIONS |402 |

|SURGERY OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL |310 |SURGERY OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL: HERNIAS |404 |

|Specific Anatomic Features of the Groin Area |310 |Specific Anatomic Features of the Groin Area |404 |

|Hernias |310 |Hernias |405 |

|Hernia Repair |312 |Hernia Repair |405 |

|SURGERY OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL |313 |SURGERY OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL |407 |

|Surgery of the Esophagus |313 |Surgery of the Esophagus |408 |

|Gastric Surgery |318 |Gastric Surgery |408 |

|Pathological Conditions of the Stomach |318 |Pathological Conditions of the Stomach |408 |

|Procedures Related to Gastric Secretion, Ulcers, and |320 |Procedures Related to Gastric Secretion, Ulcers, and |416 |

|Neoplasm | |Neoplasm | |

|Procedures for Morbid Obesity |321 |Procedures for Morbid Obesity |416 |

|Surgery of the Small Bowel |321 |Surgery of the Small Bowel |416 |

|Appendectomy |325 |Appendectomy |420 |

|Colon Surgery |326 |Colon Surgery |425 |

|STOMAS |330 |STOMAS |427 |

|Anorectal Surgery |330 |Anorectal Surgery |427 |

|Hemorrhoid Ligation and Excision |333 |Hemorrhoid Ligation and Excision |430 |

|Surgery of the Liver and Biliary Tract |333 |Surgery of the Liver and Biliary Tract |430 |

|Common Bile Duct Exploration |342 |Common Bile Duct Exploration |439 |

|SURGERY OF THE PANCREAS AND SPLEEN |349 |SURGERY OF THE PANCREAS AND SPLEEN |447 |

|Select Pathology of the Pancreas |349 |Select Pathology of the Pancreas |447 |

|Draining Pancreatic Cysts |349 |Draining Pancreatic Cysts |448 |

|Pancreatic Resection |350 |Pancreatic Resection |448 |

|Whipple Pancreaticoduodenectomy |350 |Whipple Pancreaticoduodenectomy |448 |

|Surgery of the Spleen |353 |Surgery of the Spleen |452 |

|VASCULAR AND OTHER PROCEDURES |356 |VASCULAR AND OTHER PROCEDURES |454 |

|Treating Varicose Veins |356 |Treating Varicose Veins |454 |

|Vascular Access Procedures |356 |Vascular Access Procedures |455 |

|Muscle and Nerve Biopsies |357 |Muscle and Nerve Biopsies |456 |

|Incision and Drainage |357 |Incision and Drainage |456 |

|Excision of Lesion |358 |Excision of Lesion |456 |

|Endoscopy |358 |Endoscopy |457 |

|BREAST SURGERY |358 |BREAST SURGERY |457 |

|Breast Anatomy |358 |Breast Anatomy |457 |

|Breast and Axilla: Pathology and Diagnosis |358 |Breast and Axilla: Pathology and Diagnosis |457 |

|Breast Surgery (Noncosmetic) |359 |Breast Surgery (Noncosmetic) |457 |

|SURGERY OF THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID |361 |SURGERY OF THE THYROID AND PARATHYROID |461 |

|Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid |362 |Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid |461 |

|Pathological Conditions of the Thyroid and Parathyroid |363 |Pathological Conditions of the Thyroid and Parathyroid |461 |

|Glands | |Glands | |

|Thyroidectomy |363 |Thyroidectomy |461 |

|TRACHEOTOMY |363 |TRACHEOTOMY |461 |

|Indications for a Tracheotomy |366 |Indications for a Tracheotomy |461 |

|Illustrative Procedure: Tracheotomy |367 |Illustrative Procedure: Tracheotomy |467 |

|CHAPTER 12 | |CHAPTER 15 | |

|OBSTETRIC AND GYNOCOLOGICAL SURGERY | |OBSTETRIC AND GYNOCOLOGICAL SURGERY | |

|INTRODUCTION TO OBSTETRIC AND GYNOCOLOGICAL SURGERY |376 |INTRODUCTION TO OBSTETRIC AND GYNOCOLOGICAL SURGERY |478 |

|ANATOMY |376 |ANATOMY |478 |

|The Pelvis |376 |The Pelvis |478 |

|External Genitalia |377 |External Genitalia |481 |

|Vagina |377 |Vagina |481 |

|Uterus |379 |Uterus |482 |

|Fallopian Tubes |380 |Fallopian Tubes |483 |

|Ovaries |380 |Ovaries |483 |

|PREGNANCY-A SPECIAL CONDITION |381 |PREGNANCY-A SPECIAL CONDITION |485 |

|Select Key Terms in Labor and Delivery |381 |Select Key Terms in Labor and Delivery |486 |

|Labor |381 |Labor |486 |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTATION, SUPPLIES, DRUGS, AND EQUIPMENT |383 |SPECIAL INSTRUMENTATION, DRUGS, EQUIPMENT, AND SUPPLIES|487 |

|IN OBSTETRIC AND GYNOCOLOGICAL SURGERY | |IN OBSTETRIC AND GYNOCOLOGICAL SURGERY | |

|Instrumentation |383 |Instrumentation |487 |

|Equipment |384 |Equipment |494 |

|Supplies |390 |Supplies |494 |

| | |NEW Drugs |487 |

|ROOM SETUP AND BASIC PATIENT POSITIONING AND DRAPING |390 |OR SETUP AND BASIC PATIENT POSITIONING AND DRAPING |494 |

|SURGICAL PROCEDURES: OBSTETRICS AND FERTILITY RELATED |391 |SURGICAL PROCEDURES: OBSTETRICS AND FERTILITY RELATED |494 |

|Pathology and Surgical Conditions: Obstetrics and |391 |Pathology and Surgical Conditions: Obstetrics and |494 |

|Fertility Related | |Fertility Related | |

|Vaginal Delivery |392 |Vaginal Delivery |495 |

|Cesarean Section |394 |Cesarean Section |497 |

|Sterilization Procedures |399 |Tubal Occlusion (Sterilization) Procedures |503 |

|Tuboplasty |400 |Tuboplasty |504 |

|Laproscopic Resection of Unruptured Tubal Pregnancy |403 |Laproscopic Resection of Unruptured Tubal Pregnancy |507 |

|SURGICAL PROCEDURES: GYNECOLOGICAL PROCEDURES |406 |SURGICAL PROCEDURES: GYNECOLOGICAL PROCEDURES |510 |

|Gynecological Pathology |406 |Gynecological Pathology |510 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION OVERVIEW |406 |SURGICAL INTERVENTION OVERVIEW |510 |

|Abdominal Incisions for Gynecological Surgery |406 |Abdominal Incisions for Gynecological Surgery |510 |

|Surgical Intervention: Laparoscopy |411 |Surgical Intervention: Laparoscopy |515 |

|Basic Colposcopy |414 |Basic Colposcopy |518 |

|Hysteroscopy |416 |Hysteroscopy |518 |

|Marsupialization of Bartholin’s Gland Cyst |417 |Marsupialization of Bartholin’s Gland Cyst |521 |

|Simple Vulvectomy |419 |Simple Vulvectomy |521 |

|Anterior and Posterior Repair (Colporrhaphy) |423 |Anterior and Posterior Repair (Colporrhaphy) |524 |

|Cervical Biopsy, Cryotherapy, Laser Treatment, LEEP, and|429 |Cervical Biopsy, Cryotherapy, Laser Treatment, LEEP, |533 |

|Conization | |and Conization | |

|Dilation and Curettage |431 |Dilation and Curettage |535 |

|Myomectomy |434 |Myomectomy |538 |

|Total Abdominal Hysterectomy and Bilateral |436 |Total Abdominal Hysterectomy and Bilateral |542 |

|Salpingo-oophorectomy | |Salpingo-oophorectomy (TAH-BSO) | |

|Vaginal and Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal |441 |Vaginal and Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal |546 |

|Hysterectomy (LAVH) | |Hysterectomy (LAVH) | |

|Radical Cancer Surgery: Total Pelvic Exenteration |442 |Radical Cancer Surgery: Total Pelvic Exenteration |547 |

|CHAPTER 13 | |CHAPTER 16 | |

|OPHTHALMIC SURGERY | |OPHTHALMIC SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY OF THE EYE |448 |ANATOMY OF THE EYE |554 |

|Orbit |448 |Orbit |554 |

|Extrinsic Muscles |448 |Extrinsic Muscles |555 |

|Lacrimal System |449 |Lacrimal System |555 |

|Globe |449 |Globe |556 |

| | |Cavities and Chambers of the Eye |558 |

|OPHTHALMIC SURGICAL PATHOLOGY |451 |OPHTHALMIC SURGICAL PATHOLOGY |558 |

|Cataract |451 |Cataract |558 |

|Small Retinal Detachment |451 |Small Retinal Detachment |558 |

|Large Retinal Detachment |452 |Large Retinal Detachment |558 |

|Vitreous Hemorrhage |452 |Vitreous Hemorrhage |558 |

|Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR) |452 |Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (PVR) |559 |

|Traction Retinal Detachment |452 |Traction Retinal Detachment |559 |

|Epiretinal Membarane |452 |Epiretinal Membarane |559 |

|Corneal Pathology |452 |Corneal Pathology |559 |

|Chalazion |452 |Chalazion |559 |

|Dacryocystitis |452 |Dacryocystitis |559 |

|Strabismus |452 |Strabismus |559 |

| | |NEW Glaucoma |558 |

| | |NEW Pterygium |559 |

|SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN OPHTHALMIC SURGERY |453 |SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS IN OPHTHALMIC SURGERY |560 |

|Special Equipment |453 |Special Equipment |560 |

|Instruments |453 |Instruments |561 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION |454 |SURGICAL INTERVENTION |562 |

|Strabismus Correction: Recession/Resection |454 |Strabismus Correction: Recession/Resection |563 |

|Adjustable Suture Surgery |457 |Adjustable Suture Surgery |566 |

|Scleral Buckle |458 |Scleral Buckle |567 |

|Enucleation and Evisceration of the Eye (Traditional |462 |Enucleation and Evisceration of the Eye (Traditional |571 |

|Approach) | |Approach) | |

|Keratoplasty (Corneal Transplant) |464 |Keratoplasty (Corneal Transplant) |573 |

|Cataract Extraction |468 |Cataract Extraction |577 |

|Phacoemulsification |470 |Phacoemulsification |580 |

|Vitrectomy |470 |Vitrectomy |580 |

| | |Surgical repair of Ptosis |562 |

| | |Iridectomy |563 |

| | |Trabeculoplasty |563 |

| | |NEW OPTHALMIC MEDICATIONS |560 |

|CHAPTER 14 | |CHAPTER 17 | |

|OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIC SURGERY | |OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGIC SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY OF THE EAR |476 |ANATOMY OF THE EAR |587 |

|Outer Ear |476 |Outer Ear |587 |

|Middle Ear |476 |Middle Ear |588 |

|Inner Ear |476 |Inner Ear |588 |

|PATHOLOGY OF THE EAR |477 |PATHOLOGY OF THE EAR |589 |

|Pathology Affecting the Outer Ear |477 |Pathology Affecting the Outer Ear |589 |

|Pathology Affecting the Middle Ear |478 |Pathology Affecting the Middle Ear |589 |

|Pathology Affecting the Inner Ear |478 |Pathology Affecting the Inner Ear |590 |

|Diagnostic Procedures/Tests for the Ear |479 |Diagnostic Procedures/Tests for the Ear |590 |

|SPECIAL PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS |479 |PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS |591 |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, DRUGS |480 |SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, DRUGS |592 |

|INTRAOPERATIVE PREPARATION |480 | | |

|EAR PROCEDURES |480 |EAR PROCEDURES |592 |

|Myringotomy |480 |Myringotomy |592 |

|Myringoplasty/Tympanoplasty |484 |Myringoplasty/Tympanoplasty |596 |

|Mastoidectomy |487 |Mastoidectomy |600 |

|Stapedectomy |487 |Stapedectomy |600 |

|Stapedotomy |488 |Stapedotomy |600 |

|Cochlear Implants |488 |Cochlear Implants |601 |

|ANATOMY OF THE NOSE AND SINUSES |488 |ANATOMY OF THE NOSE AND SINUSES |601 |

|External Nose |488 |External Nose |601 |

|Internal Nose |488 |Internal Nose |601 |

|Paranasal Sinuses |489 |Paranasal Sinuses |602 |

|Blood Supply to the Nose |490 |Blood Supply to the Nose |602 |

|Olfaction |490 |Olfaction |603 |

|PATHOLOGY OF THE NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES |490 |PATHOLOGY OF THE NOSE AND PARANASAL SINUSES |603 |

|Rhinitis/Sinusitis |490 |Rhinitis/Sinusitis |603 |

|Nasal Polyps |491 |Nasal Polyps |604 |

|Hypertrophied Turbinates | |Hypertrophied Turbinates |604 |

|Deviated Nasal Septum |491 |Deviated Nasal Septum |604 |

|Septal Perforation |491 |Septal Perforation |604 |

|Epistaxis |492 |Epistaxis |604 |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES |492 |DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES |605 |

|Direct Vision |492 |Direct Vision |605 |

|Mirror Examination |492 |Mirror Examination |605 |

|Radiography |492 |Radiography |605 |

|SPECIAL PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS |492 |PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS |605 |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, AND DRUGS |493 |SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, AND DRUGS |606 |

|INTRAOPERATIVE PREPARATION |496 | | |

|NASAL PROCEDURES |496 |NASAL PROCEDURES |609 |

|Submucous Resection (SMR) |496 |Submucous Resection (SMR) |609 |

|Polypectomy |499 |Polypectomy |612 |

|Intranasal Antrostomy |499 |Intranasal Antrostomy |612 |

|Removal of Foreign Body |499 |Removal of Foreign Body |612 |

|Internal Maxillary Artery Ligation |500 |Internal Maxillary Artery Ligation |613 |

|Sinus Procedures |500 |Sinus Procedures |613 |

|Caldwell-Luc |500 |Caldwell-Luc |613 |

|Ethmoidectomy |502 |Ethmoidectomy |615 |

|Sphenoidectomy |502 |Sphenoidectomy |616 |

|Drainage of the Frontal Sinus |503 |Drainage of the Frontal Sinus |616 |

|Sinus Endoscopy |503 |Sinus Endoscopy |616 |

|ANATOMY OF THE UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT |505 |ANATOMY OF THE UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT |618 |

|Pharynx |505 |Pharynx |618 |

|Larynx |506 |Larynx |620 |

|Trachea |507 |Trachea |621 |

|Bronchi and Lungs |507 |Bronchi and Lungs |621 |

|Esophagus |507 |Esophagus |621 |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT |508 |PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE UPPER AERODIGESTIVE TRACT |621 |

|Pharyngitis |508 |Pharyngitis |621 |

|Epiglottis |508 |Epiglottis |622 |

|Tonsillitis |508 |Tonsillitis |622 |

|Sleep Apnea |509 |Sleep Apnea |623 |

|Laryngitis |509 |Laryngitis |623 |

|Polypoid Corditis or Vocal Cord Polyps |510 |Polypoid Corditis or Vocal Cord Polyps |623 |

|Vocal Cord Nodules |510 |Vocal Cord Nodules |623 |

|Vocal Cord Granulomas |510 |Vocal Cord Granulomas |623 |

|Laryngeal Neoplasms |510 |Laryngeal Neoplasms |624 |

|Tracheitis and Bronchitis |510 |Tracheitis and Bronchitis |624 |

|Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup) |510 |Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup) |624 |

|Foreign Bodies |511 |Foreign Bodies |624 |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE ESOPHAGUS |511 |PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE ESOPHAGUS |624 |

|Esophagitis |511 |Esophagitis |624 |

|Ulceration of the Esophagus |511 |Ulceration of the Esophagus |624 |

|Neoplasms Affecting the Esophagus |511 |Neoplasms Affecting the Esophagus |624 |

|Foreign Bodies |511 |Foreign Bodies |625 |

|Zenker’s Diverticulum |511 |Zenker’s Diverticulum |625 |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES/TESTS |511 |DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES/TESTS |625 |

|Direct Visualization |511 |Direct Visualization |625 |

|Indirect Visualization |512 |Indirect Visualization |625 |

|Laboratory Tests |512 |Laboratory Tests |625 |

|Radiological Examinations |512 |Radiological Examinations |625 |

|Videostroboscopy |512 |Videostroboscopy |626 |

|Polysomnography |512 |Polysomnography |626 |

|Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) |512 |Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) |626 |

|SPECIAL PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS |512 |PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS |626 |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, DRUGS |513 |SPECIAL INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, DRUGS |626 |

|INTRAOPERATIVE PREPARATION |514 | | |

|AERODIGESTIVE TRACT PROCEDURES |514 |AERODIGESTIVE TRACT PROCEDURES |628 |

|Adenoidectomy |514 |Adenoidectomy |628 |

|Tonsillectomy |514 |Tonsillectomy |628 |

|Incision and Drainage of a Peritonsellar Abscess |517 |Incision and Drainage of a Peritonsellar Abscess |631 |

|Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |517 |Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty |631 |

|Laryngoscopy |519 |Laryngoscopy |633 |

|Bronchoscopy |521 |Bronchoscopy |636 |

|Esophagoscopy |522 |Esophagoscopy |636 |

|Panendoscopy |522 |Panendoscopy |636 |

|Radical Neck Dissection with Mandibulectomy |522 |Radical Neck Dissection with Mandibulectomy |636 |

|CHAPTER 15 | |CHAPTER 18 | |

|ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY | |ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY OF THE ORAL CAVITY |530 |ANATOMY OF THE ORAL CAVITY |645 |

|Lips |530 |Lips |645 |

|Teeth |530 |Teeth |645 |

|Palate |530 |Palate |646 |

|Cheeks |530 |Cheeks |646 |

|Tongue |530 |Tongue |646 |

|ANATOMY OF THE FACE AND CRANIUM |531 |ANATOMY OF THE FACE AND CRANIUM |646 |

|Orbit |532 |Orbit |647 |

|Facial Muscles and Innervation |532 |Facial Muscles and Innervation |647 |

|EMBRYOLOGICAL EVELOPMENT OF THE FACE |533 |EMBRYOLOGICAL EVELOPMENT OF THE FACE |648 |

|PATHOLOGY OF THE ORAL CAVITY |533 |PATHOLOGY OF THE ORAL CAVITY |649 |

|Mouth |533 |Mouth |649 |

|Jaw Bones |534 |Jaw Bones |649 |

|Mandibular Fractures |534 |Mandibular Fractures |649 |

|Frontal Fractures |535 |Frontal Fractures |650 |

|Orbital Fractures |535 |Orbital Fractures |650 |

|Zygomatic Fractures |535 |Zygomatic Fractures |650 |

|Midfacial Fractures |536 |Midfacial Fractures |651 |

|Craniofacial Deformities |536 |Craniofacial Deformities |651 |

|DIAGNOSTIC TESTS |536 |DIAGNOSTIC TESTS |651 |

|ORAL PROCEDURES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS |537 |ORAL PROCEDURES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS |652 |

|Tooth Extraction |538 |Tooth Extraction/Odontectomy |653 |

|Tooth Restoration |541 |Tooth Restoration |657 |

|Implantation |541 |Implantation |657 |

|MAXILLOFACIAL PROCEDURES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS |541 |MAXILLOFACIAL PROCEDURES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS |658 |

|Graft Materials |542 |Graft Materials |658 |

|Repair of Mandibular/Maxillary Fractures |543 |Repair of Mandibular/Maxillary Fractures |659 |

|Application of Arch Bars |543 |Application of Arch Bars |659 |

|Wire Fixation |546 |Wire Fixation |662 |

|Plate and Screw Fixation of Mandibular Fracture |546 |Plate and Screw Fixation of Mandibular Fracture |663 |

|Frontal Fracture Repair |549 |Frontal Fracture Repair |666 |

|Orbital Floor Fracture Repair |550 |Orbital Floor Fracture Repair |667 |

|Reduction of Zygomatic Fractures |553 |Reduction of Zygomatic Fractures |670 |

|Le Fort I Fracture Repair |554 |Le Fort I Fracture Repair |671 |

|Le Fort II and III Fracture Repair |557 |Le Fort II and III Fracture Repair |675 |

|Craniofacial Reconstruction |557 |Craniofacial Reconstruction |675 |

|Correction of Retrognathism or Prognathism |560 |Correction of Retrognathism or Prognathism |679 |

|Temporomandibular Joint Procedures |561 |Temporomandibular Joint Procedures |682 |

|CHAPTER 16 | |CHAPTER 19 | |

|PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY | |PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY |567 |ANATOMY |685 |

|Skin and Underlying Structures |567 |Skin and Underlying Structures |685 |

|Palate |568 |Palate |687 |

|Nose |570 |Nose |687 |

|Hand |570 |Hand |687 |

|Breast |575 |Breast |694 |

|SURGICAL PATHOLOGY |575 |SURGICAL PATHOLOGY |694 |

|Pathology Affecting the Skin |575 |Pathology Affecting the Skin |694 |

|Cleft Lip and Palate |577 |Cleft Lip and Palate |696 |

|Pathology Affecting the Hand |578 |Pathology Affecting the Hand |697 |

|Pathology Affecting the Breast |581 |Pathology Affecting the Breast |701 |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES AND TESTS |582 |DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES AND TESTS |701 |

|SPECIAL INSTRUMENTATION, SUPPLIES, DRUGS, AND EQUIPMENT |582 |SPECIAL INSTRUMENTATION, SUPPLIES, DRUGS, AND EQUIPMENT|701 |

|Nasal Set |582 |Nasal Set |701 |

|Dermatome |583 |Dermatome |702 |

|Mesh Graft Device | |Mesh Graft Device |704 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION |584 |SURGICAL INTERVENTION |704 |

|Rhytidectomy |584 |Rhytidectomy |704 |

|Blepharoplasy |586 |Blepharoplasy |706 |

|Suction Lipectomy |587 |Suction Lipectomy |707 |

|Abdominoplasy |588 |Abdominoplasy |708 |

|Skin Grafts |589 |Skin Grafts |709 |

|Cheiloplasty and Palatoplasy |592 |Cheiloplasty and Palatoplasy |713 |

|Rhinoplasty |593 |Rhinoplasty |714 |

|Hand Surgery |595 |Hand Surgery |716 |

|Mammoplasty |602 |Mammoplasty |723 |

| | |NEW Dermabrasion |713 |

| | |NEW Scar Revision |713 |

|CHAPTER 17 | |CHAPTER 20 | |

|GENITOURNARY SURGERY | |GENITOURNARY SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY |611 |ANATOMY |732 |

|Suprarenal (Adrenal) Glands |611 |Suprarenal Glands |732 |

|Kidneys |611 |Kidneys |732 |

|Ureters |614 |Ureters |735 |

|Urinary Bladder |615 |Urinary Bladder |736 |

|Male Reproductive System |615 |Male Reproductive System |737 |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE ADRENAL GLANDS |617 |PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE ADRENAL GLANDS |739 |

|Cushing’s Syndrome |617 |Cushing’s Syndrome |739 |

|Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease) |617 |Adrenal Insufficiency (Addison’s Disease) |739 |

|Pheochromocytoma |618 |Pheochromocytoma |739 |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE URINARY SYSTEM |618 |PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE URINARY SYSTEM |739 |

|Bladder Tumors |618 |Bladder Tumors |739 |

|Urinary Calculi |618 |Urinary Calculi |740 |

|Kidney Disorders |619 |Kidney Disorders |740 |

|PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM |621 |PATHOLOGY AFFECTING THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM |743 |

|Phimosis |621 |Phimosis |743 |

|Hypospadias/Epispadias |621 |Hypospadias/Epispadias |743 |

|Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia |622 |Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy |743 |

|Cancer of the Prostate |622 |Cancer of the Prostate |744 |

|Cryptorchidism |622 |Cryptorchidism |744 |

|Testicular Torsion |622 |Testicular Torsion |744 |

|Testicular Cancer |622 |Testicular Cancer |744 |

|Trauma to the Genitourinary System |623 |Trauma to the Genitourinary System |745 |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES/TESTS |623 |DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES/TESTS |745 |

|History and Physical |623 |History and Physical |745 |

|Laboratory Findings |623 |Laboratory Findings |745 |

|Radiological Findings |629 |Radiological Findings |751 |

|Biopsy |630 |Biopsy |751 |

|Endoscopy |630 |Endoscopy |751 |

|SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, DRUGS |631 |SPECIAL EQUIPMENT, INSTRUMENTS, SUPPLIES, DRUGS |751 |

|PREOPERATIVE AND INTRAOPERATIVE PREPARATION |632 |PREOPERATIVE AND INTRAOPERATIVE PREPARATION |752 |

|Incisional Options |633 |Incisional Options |754 |

|SURGICAL PROCEDURES |635 |SURGICAL PROCEDURES |757 |

|Adrenalectomy |636 |Adrenalectomy |757 |

|Nephrectomy |637 |Nephrectomy |757 |

|Renal Transplant |641 |Renal Transplant |762 |

|Stone Removal |642 |Stone Removal |763 |

|Cystostomy |643 |Cystostomy |764 |

|Cystectomy/Ileal Conduit |645 |Cystectomy/Ileal Conduit |766 |

|Procedures for Stress Incontinence Affecting Women |650 |Procedures for Stress Incontinence Affecting Women |771 |

|Transurethral Endoscopy of the Genitourinary Tract |653 |Transurethral Endoscopy of the Genitourinary Tract |774 |

|Circumcision |655 |Circumcision |776 |

|Orchiectomy |657 |Orchiectomy |778 |

|Orchiopexy |657 |Orchiopexy |778 |

|Vasectomy |660 |Vasectomy |783 |

|Vasovasostomy |660 |Vasovasostomy |784 |

|Prostatectomy |660 |Prostatectomy |784 |

| | |NEW Hydrocelectomy |781 |

| | |NEW Varicocelectomy |781 |

| | |NEW Hypospadias Repair |782 |

| | |NEW Insertion of Inflatable Penile Prosthesis |782 |

|CHAPTER 18 | |CHAPTER 21 | |

|ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY | |ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY | |

|BONE AND BONE TISSUE |669 |BONE AND BONE TISSUE |792 |

|Bone Tissue |670 |Bone Tissue |792 |

|Types of Bones |671 |Types of Bones |794 |

|Types of Joints |672 |Types of Joints |794 |

|Bone Growth and Bone Cells |673 |Bone Growth and Bone Cells |797 |

|Intramembranous Bones |674 |Intramembranous Bones |798 |

|Endochondral Bone |674 |Endochondral Bone |798 |

|Mineral Storage |674 |Mineral Storage |798 |

|Factors That Affect Bone Growth |675 |Factors That Affect Bone Growth |798 |

|Clinical and Bone Landmark Terms |675 |Clinical and Bone Landmark Terms |798 |

|PATHOLOGY |676 |PATHOLOGY |798 |

|Types of Fractures |676 |Types of Fractures |805 |

|Normal Bone Healing |676 |Normal Bone Healing |805 |

|Pathological Bone Healing |682 |Pathological Bone Healing |806 |

|Diagnostic Terms and Procedures |684 |Diagnostic Terms and Procedures |808 |

|THE SKELETON |685 |THE SKELETON |808 |

|The Skull |685 |The Skull |808 |

|Vertebral Column |688 |Vertebral Column |811 |

|Bones of the Thoracic Region |689 |Bones of the Thoracic Region |812 |

|Clavicles |689 |Clavicles |812 |

|Scapula |689 |Scapula |812 |

|Pectoral Girdle |689 |Pectoral Girdle |812 |

|Humerus |690 |Humerus |812 |

|Radius and Ulna |690 |Radius and Ulna |813 |

|Hand and Wrist |690 |Hand and Wrist |814 |

|Pelvis |691 |Pelvis |814 |

|Hip and Femur |692 |Hip and Femur |814 |

|Tibia and Fibula |692 |Tibia and Fibula |814 |

|Ankle and Foot |694 |Ankle and Foot |816 |

|EQUIPMENT |695 |EQUIPMENT |818 |

|Positioning Devices |695 |Positioning Devices |818 |

|Pneumatic Tourniquets |696 |Pneumatic Tourniquets |819 |

|Traction |696 |Traction |819 |

|Lasers |696 |Lasers |819 |

|Radiography |696 |Radiography |819 |

|Air Flow |696 |Air Flow |820 |

|Continuous Passive Range-of-Motion Machines (CPM) |696 |Continuous Passive Range-of-Motion Machines |820 |

|Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) |696 |Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation |820 |

|Electrical Stimulation of Bone |697 |Electrical Stimulation of Bone |820 |

|Saws, Drills, and Reamers |697 |Saws, Drills, and Reamers |820 |

|Arthroscopic Equipment |697 |Arthroscopic Equipment |820 |

|SUPPLIES |697 |SUPPLIES |821 |

|Implants |697 |Implants |821 |

|Suture |698 |Suture |821 |

|Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) |698 |Methyl Methacrylate |821 |

|Pharmacology |698 |Pharmacology |821 |

|PROCEDURES |699 |PROCEDURES |822 |

|Bone Grafting |699 |Bone Grafting |822 |

|Knee Arthroscopy |700 |Knee Arthroscopy |824 |

|Arthroscopic Repair of Meniscal Tear |703 |Arthroscopic Repair of Meniscal Tear |827 |

|Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release |706 |Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release |832 |

|Colle’s Fracture |709 |Colle’s Fracture |835 |

|Open Reduction-Internal Fixation (ORIF) of the Humerus |713 |Open Reduction-Internal Fixation (ORIF) of the Humerus |842 |

|Repair of the Rotator Cuff |716 |Repair of the Rotator Cuff |846 |

|Total Hip Arthroplasty |720 |Total Hip Arthroplasty |852 |

| | |NEW Arthroscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair |830 |

| | |NEW Above-the-Knee Amputation |832 |

| | |NEW Metacarpal Phalangeal Joint Arthroplasty |840 |

| | |NEW Triple Arthrodesis |840 |

| | |NEW Achilles Tendon Repair |841 |

| | |NEW Bunionectomy |842 |

| | |NEW Shoulder Joint Arthroscopy |845 |

| | |NEW Acromioplasty |846 |

| | |NEW Internal Fixation of Femoral Shaft Fracture |851 |

| | |NEW Total Hip Arthroplasty |853 |

| | |NEW Total Knee Arthroplasty |859 |

|CHAPTER 19 | |CHAPTER 22 | |

|CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY | |CARDIOTHORACIC SURGERY | |

|ANATOMY OF THE CHEST |729 |ANATOMY OF THE CHEST |864 |

|The Thorax |729 |The Thorax |864 |

|The Trachea |730 |The Trachea |866 |

|The Bronchial Tree |730 |The Bronchial Tree |866 |

|The Lungs |731 |The Lungs |867 |

|ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART |732 |ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HEART |868 |

|Location of the Heart |733 |Location of the Heart |868 |

|Coverings of the Heart |733 |Coverings of the Heart |869 |

|The Heart Wall |733 |The Heart Wall |869 |

|The Heart Chambers |733 |The Heart Chambers |869 |

|The Heart Valves |733 |The Heart Valves |869 |

|Blood Flow Through the Heart |735 |Blood Flow Through the Heart |870 |

|Blood Supply for the Heart |735 |Blood Supply for the Heart |871 |

|The Cardiac Cycle |735 |The Cardiac Cycle |871 |

|Cardiac Output |736 |Cardiac Output |872 |

|Cardiac Conduction |736 |Cardiac Conduction |872 |

|Anatomical Development of the Heart |736 |Anatomical Development of the Heart |872 |

|OPERATIVE PATHOLOGY |738 |OPERATIVE PATHOLOGY |873 |

|The Chest Wall |738 |The Chest Wall |873 |

|The Mediastinum |739 |The Mediastinum |873 |

|The Lungs |739 |The Lungs |874 |

|Thoracic Trauma |739 |Thoracic Trauma |875 |

|Thoracic Outlet Syndrome |741 |Thoracic Outlet Syndrome |877 |

|Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm |741 |Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm |877 |

|Coronary Artery Disease |742 |Coronary Artery Disease |879 |

|Valvular Disease |745 |Valvular Disease |881 |

|Cardiomyopathy |746 |Cardiomyopathy |882 |

|Cardiac Dysrythmias |746 |Cardiac Dysrythmias |882 |

|Congenital Heart Defects |748 |Congenital Heart Defects |884 |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES: THORAX |750 |DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES: THORAX |887 |

|Bronchoscopy |750 |Bronchoscopy |887 |

|Mediastinoscopy |751 |Mediastinoscopy |887 |

|Thoracoscopy |751 |Thoracoscopy |887 |

|Thoracentesis |751 |Thoracentesis |889 |

|DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES: CARDIAC |751 |DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES: CARDIAC |889 |

|Radiological Studies |753 |Radiological Studies |889 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION: THORACIC |753 |SURGICAL INTERVENTION: THORACIC |889 |

|Special Preoperative Considerations |753 |Special Preoperative Considerations |889 |

|Special Instrumentation, Supplies, Drugs, and Equipment |753 |Special Instrumentation, Supplies, Drugs, and Equipment|889 |

|Patient Preparation |754 |Patient Preparation |890 |

|Thoracoscopy |755 |Thoracoscopy |892 |

|Scalene/Supraclavicular Node Biopsy |758 |Scalene/Supraclavicular Node Biopsy |895 |

|Thoracotomy for Upper Lobectomy |758 |Thoracotomy for Upper Lobectomy |895 |

|Thoracotomy for Right Pneuonectomy |762 |Thoracotomy for Right Pneuonectomy |899 |

|Thoracotomy for Wedge Resection or Segmentectomy |762 |Thoracotomy for Wedge Resection or Segmentectomy |899 |

|Decortication of Lung |762 |Decortication of Lung |899 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION: CARDIAC (ADULT) |763 |SURGICAL INTERVENTION: CARDIAC (ADULT) |900 |

|Preoperative Considerations |763 |Preoperative Considerations |900 |

|Patient Preparation |764 |Patient Preparation |901 |

|Techniques of Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) |765 |Techniques of Cardiopulmonary Bypass |901 |

|Mechanical Circulatory Assistance |767 |Mechanical Circulatory Assistance |904 |

|Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) |769 |Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting |905 |

|Aortic Valve Replacement |774 |Aortic Valve Replacement |911 |

|Mitral Valve Replacement |778 |Mitral Valve Replacement |916 |

|Thoracic Aortic Aneurysmectomy (TAA) |779 |Thoracic Aortic Aneurysmectomy |917 |

|Pericardictomy/Pericardial Window |781 |Pericardictomy/Pericardial Window |918 |

|Heart Transplantation |781 |Heart Transplantation |919 |

|Permanent Pacemaker Insertion |782 |Permanent Pacemaker Insertion |920 |

|Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) |783 |Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty |921 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTION: CARDIAC (PEDIATRIC) |784 |SURGICAL INTERVENTION: CARDIAC (PEDIATRIC) |921 |

|Special Preoperative Preparation |784 |Special Preoperative Preparation |922 |

|Atrial Septal Defect |784 |Atrial Septal Defect |922 |

|Ventricular Septal Defect |785 |Ventricular Septal Defect |922 |

|Patent Ductus Arteriosus |785 |Patent Ductus Arteriosus |923 |

|Correction of Aortic Coarctation |785 |Correction of Aortic Coarctation |924 |

|Procedure for Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot |787 |Procedure for Correction of Tetralogy of Fallot |924 |

|Procedure for Correction of Transposition of the Great |787 |Procedure for Correction of Transposition of the Great |925 |

|Arteries | |Arteries | |

|CHAPTER 20 | |CHAPTER 23 | |

|PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SURGERY | |PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SURGERY | |

|PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SURGERY |790 |PERIPHERAL VASCULAR SURGERY |928 |

|SURGICAL ANATOMY |790 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |928 |

|Blood Vessels |790 |Blood Vessels |928 |

|Blood Pressure |791 |Blood Pressure |930 |

|The Arterial System |793 |The Arterial System |931 |

|The Venous System |795 |The Venous System |933 |

|OPERATIVE PATHOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS |796 |OPERATIVE PATHOLOGY AND DIAGNOSIS |934 |

|Arterial Embolism |796 |Arterial Embolism |935 |

|Arteriosclerosis Obliterans |797 |Arteriosclerosis Obliterans |935 |

|Aneurysms of the Abdominal Aorta |797 |Aneurysms of the Abdominal Aorta |936 |

|SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS |799 |SURGICAL INTERVENTIONS |937 |

|Peripheral Vessel Angioplasty |799 |Peripheral Vessel Angioplasty |937 |

|Bypass Grafting and Endarterectomy |800 |Bypass Grafting and Endarterectomy |939 |

|Features of Peripheral Vascular Procedure |802 |Features of Peripheral Vascular Procedure |940 |

|Aortofemoral Bypass |803 |Aortofemoral Bypass |943 |

|Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy |806 |Abdominal Aortic Aneurysmectomy |947 |

|Femoropopliteal Bypass |810 |Femoropopliteal Bypass |950 |

|Femorofemoral Bypass |813 |Femorofemoral Bypass |954 |

|Axillofemoral Bypass |815 |Axillofemoral Bypass |956 |

|Carotid Endarterectomy |818 |Carotid Endarterectomy |959 |

|CHAPTER 21 | |CHAPTER 24 | |

|NEUROSURGERY | |NEUROSURGERY | |

|SURGICAL ANATOMY |825 |SURGICAL ANATOMY |966 |

|Divisions of the Nervous System |825 |Divisions of the Nervous System |966 |

|Cranium |825 |Cranium |966 |

|Vertebral Column |831 |Vertebral Column |973 |

|Blood Supply |833 |Blood Supply |974 |

|Cranial Nerves |833 |Cranial Nerves |974 |

|Spinal Nerves |833 |Spinal Nerves |974 |

|NEUROSURGICAL PATHOLOGY |834 |NEUROSURGICAL PATHOLOGY |976 |

|Cervical Spine |835 |Cervical Spine |976 |

|Thoracic Spine |836 |Thoracic Spine |977 |

|Lumbar Spine |836 |Lumbar Spine |978 |

|Neoplasms |837 |Neoplasms |979 |

|Head Injury |838 |Head Injury |980 |

|Spinal Cord Injury |840 |Spinal Cord Injury |982 |

|Cerebrovascular Disease |840 |Cerebrovascular Disease |982 |

|Congenital Abnormalities |841 |Congenital Abnormalities |983 |

|INFECTION |842 |INFECTION |984 |

|Abscess |842 |Abscess |984 |

|Spinal Tumors |843 |Spinal Tumors |985 |

|Peripheral Nerve Disorders |843 |Peripheral Nerve Disorders |985 |

|NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES |844 |NEUROSURGICAL PROCEDURES |986 |

|Special Instrumentation, Supplies, Drugs, and Equipment |844 |Special Instrumentation, Supplies, Drugs, and Equipment|986 |

|Patient Preparation |848 |Patient Preparation |990 |

|Craniotomy |849 |Craniotomy |991 |

|Craniectomy |858 |Craniectomy |1001 |

|Ventriculoperitoneal and Ventriculoatrial Shunt |862 |Ventriculoperitoneal and Ventriculoatrial Shunt |1005 |

|Transphenoidal Hypophysectomy |865 |Transphenoidal Hypophysectomy |1008 |

|Stereotactic Procedure |868 |Stereotactic Procedure |1011 |

|Cranioplasty |869 |Cranioplasty |1012 |

|Spinal Procedures |869 |Spinal Procedures |1012 |

|Peripheral Nerve Procedure |876 |Peripheral Nerve Procedure |1020 |

| | |NEW ADVANCES IN NEUROSURGERY |1022 |

| | |NEW Intraoperative MRI |1022 |

| | |NEW Three-Dimensional Reconstruction |1022 |

| | |NEW Radiosurgery |1022 |

| | |NEW Minimall Invasive Techniques |1022 |

| | |NEW Stereotaxis |1022 |

| | |NEW Intraoperative Ultrasound |1023 |

| | |NEW Brain Mapping |1023 |

| | |NEW Endoscopic Neurosrgery |1023 |

| | |NEW Deep Brain Stimulation |1023 |

| | | | |

|APPENDIX A: COMMON PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES |881 |APPENDIX B: COMMON PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES |1036 |

|APPENDIX B: MEASUREMENTS |884 |APPENDIX C: MEASUREMENTS |1039 |

|INDEX |886 |Not Ready | |

| | |NEW APPENDIX A: ANATOMY PLATES |1025 |

| | | | |

| | |NEW CHAPTERS | |

| | |CHAPTER 2 | |

| | |STANDARDS OF CONDUCT | |

| | |LEGAL ISSUES |23 |

| | |Definitions of General Legal Terms |23 |

| | |Definitions of Traditional Principles |24 |

| | |Torts |25 |

| | |Consent for Surgery: A Basic Right |27 |

| | |Documentation |29 |

| | |Event/Incident Reports |30 |

| | |Advance Directives |30 |

| | |ETHICAL AND MORAL ISSUES |30 |

| | |Moral Principles |31 |

| | |Bioethics |31 |

| | |AHA Patient’s Bill of Rights |31 |

| | |Elements of Ethical Decision Making |32 |

| | |Professional Codes of Conduct |34 |

| | |Surgical Conscience |34 |

| | |SCOPE OF PRACTICE |34 |

| | |Job Descriptions and Competencies |35 |

| | |Credentialing |36 |

| | |Accreditation |36 |

| | |Core Curricula for Surgical Technology and Surgical |36 |

| | |Assisting | |

| | |Career Development |36 |

| | |Clinical Ladder Program |37 |

| | |RISK MANAGEMENT AND LIABILITY |38 |

| | |Medical Errors |38 |

| | |Safe Medical Device Act |39 |

| | |Malpractice Insurance |39 |

| | |CHAPTER 4 | |

| | |SPECIAL POPULATIONS | |

| | |INTRODUCTION |57 |

| | |PEDIATRIC PATIENTS |57 |

| | |Monitoring the Pediatric Patient |59 |

| | |Shock |60 |

| | |Fluids and Electrolytes |60 |

| | |Infection |61 |

| | |Metabolic and Nutritional Responses |61 |

| | |Trauma |61 |

| | |PATIENTS WITH OBESITY |62 |

| | |Review of Surgical Considerations |64 |

| | |Specific Considerations of Bariatric Surgery |64 |

| | |PATIENTS WITH DIABETES |64 |

| | |Complications Associated with Diabetes |65 |

| | |Care of the Patient with Diabetes in Surgery |66 |

| | |PREGNANT PATIENTS |66 |

| | |Considerations when Caring for Pregnant Patients |67 |

| | |Anesthesia |67 |

| | |Intraoperative Considerations for the Surgical |67 |

| | |Technologist | |

| | |IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS |68 |

| | |Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |68 |

| | |Considerations for the Surgical Team Members |68 |

| | |PATIENTS WITH DISABILITIES |69 |

| | |GERIATRIC PATIENTS |69 |

| | |TRAUMA PATIENTS |71 |

| | |THE “GOLDEN HOUR” AND TRAUMA PATIENTS |71 |

| | |KINEMATICS |71 |

| | |Blunt Trauma |71 |

| | |Penetrating Trauma |72 |

| | |TRAUMA SCORING |72 |

| | |CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST |72 |

| | |Preservation of Evidence |72 |

| | |Hypothermia |73 |

| | |Infection |73 |

| | |PREPARATION OF THE CASE |73 |

| | |CHAPTER 6 | |

| | |BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE | |

| | |INTRODUCTION |99 |

| | |COMPUTERS |99 |

| | |Surgical Applications |99 |

| | |Hardware |100 |

| | |Software |103 |

| | |Word Processing |104 |

| | |Graphics |105 |

| | |Internet Basics |106 |

| | |ELECTRICITY |107 |

| | |Surgical Applications |107 |

| | |Basic Principles of Electricity |108 |

| | |PHYSICS |112 |

| | |Medical and Surgical Applications |112 |

| | |Mechanics |113 |

| | |Nuclear Physics |122 |

| | |Gravity |122 |

| | |SURGICAL ROBOTS |122 |

| | |Terminology |123 |

| | |Design |123 |

| | |Remote Manipulation |124 |

| | |Geometry |124 |

| | |Hearing and Vision |125 |

| | |Decontamination and Sterilization of Robotic Components|125 |

| | |Clinical Applications |125 |

| | |THE OR OF THE FUTURE |125 |

| | |Surgical Planning and Rehearsal |125 |

| | |Surface-Based Registration |126 |

| | |ROLE OF THE SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIST |126 |

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