Date



|Date |Event |Causalities |Summary |

|April 14, |Fort |0 |The Confederate States wanted to force the US Army to leave Fort Sumter. There was forty |

|1861 |Sumter | |hours of continuous shelling before the fort fell to the South. By this time one-fifth of |

| | | |the fort was on fire. The Southern commander, General Pierre G. T. Beauregard, gave |

| | | |permission for all the Union troops to leave safely and the Southern troops took over the |

| | | |fort. |

|July 21, 1861|First Battle of Bull Run|2,900 |This was the first great battle of the Civil War. The battle was fought at |

| | | |Manassas Junction near Bull Run Creek, only 30 miles south of Washington, D.|

| | | |C. Many Congressmen and their wives watched from behind the battle lines. |

| | | |The Union guns shot first attacking General Beauregard's troops. Confederate|

| | | |reinforcements arrived by train wearing blue uniforms. After confusion set |

| | | |in the North was defeated and retreated to the capital. President Lincoln |

| | | |asked for more volunteers. |

|February 6, |Fighting on the |17,398 |After capturing Fort Henry along the Tennessee River the Union army with |

|1862 (Fort |Mississippi | |15,000 men led  by Ulysses S. Grant attacked Fort Donelson, a Confederate |

|Henry) | | |fort on the Cumberland River. At Fort Donelson Grant sent the message, "No |

|February 16, | | |terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. I |

|1862 (Fort | | |propose to move immediately upon your works." The North had six gunboats. |

|Donelson) | | |The fighting lasted three days. Grant took 12,000 Confederate prisoners and |

| | | |40 cannons from Fort Donelson. This cut off the Confederate supply line from|

| | | |the western territories. |

|March 9, 1862 |Ironclad Ships Battle |  |For the first time in history two ironclad ships battled. The battle lasted |

| | | |for about 4 hours. Neither side won the battle. The Confederate ironclad was|

| | | |an old wooden ship called the Merrimac which had been rebuilt with iron all |

| | | |around the boat then renamed the Virginia. The Merrimac had sunk several |

| | | |Union ships in the past months. The North decided to build an ironclad ship |

| | | |to fight it. The Northern ship was called the Monitor. |

|April 6, 1862 |Shiloh |23,746 |After Grant had captured several forts in Tennessee his armies moved south |

| | | |toward Mississippi. The Confederate Army lead by General Albert Sidney |

| | | |Johnston, met Grant at Shiloh, Tennessee. Grant had not expected the attack |

| | | |which started while the Yankee soldiers were cooking their breakfast. At |

| | | |first Grant seemed to be losing. Then more Northern troops arrived and Grant|

| | | |defeated the Southerners. |

| | | |(Johnston was wounded in the leg and bled to death before medical help came.|

| | | |P. G. T. Beauregard took command after Johnston was wounded.) |

|June 1862 |Seven Days' Battle |Union:  15,800 |In a series of battles the Southern army led by Generals Joseph E. Johnston |

| | |Confederate |and Robert E. Lee, the South managed to drive back the Union army. The |

| | |20,100 |battles ended at Malvern Hill on July 1. Lee breaks McClellan siege of |

| | | |Richmond. The Union Army returned to Washington. |

|August 28-30,|Second Battle at Bull |22,180 |The Union led by General John Pope was defeated at Bull Run Creek while |

|1862 |Run | |trying to reach Richmond. The Union army retreat to Washington. |

| | | |J. E. B. Stuart broke into the Union headquarters and captured a case |

| | | |containing more that $300,000 (worth $5 million today). Lincoln relieved |

| | | |Pope of his command.) |

|September 17,|Battle of  Antietam - |23,100 |Lee took command telling the Confederate forces that he planned to carry the|

|1862 |Sharpsburg, Maryland | |fight to the enemy. Lee gave each division a route and job to do. One copy |

| | | |of Lee's plan ended up with the Union Army. Therefore when Leee crossed the |

| | | |Potomac River into Maryland, he was blocked from Washington, D. C. by Union |

| | | |troops in a bloody battle at Sharpsburg near Antietam Creek. Lee realized |

| | | |that his army was in a bad position to receive supplies and withdrew his |

| | | |troops over the Potomac to Virginia. |

|September 22,|Lincoln Frees all the |  |President issued a proclamation freeing all the slaves in the South. |

|1862 |Slaves | |Lincoln's document called the Emancipation Proclamation because in |

| | | |emancipated the slaves. |

|April 30 |Chancellorsville |20,000 |General Lee fought against General Joseph Hooker. Although outnumbered two |

| | | |to one, Lee won the battle. During the battle General Thomas J. "Stonewall" |

| | | |Jackson was killed. |

| | | |(Jackson was shot when returning to camp by one of his own men.) |

|May 18 |Vicksburg |35,835 |In Vicksburg, Mississippi a strong fort overlooked the river. Grant |

| | | |surrounded the fort and began a siege. On July 4 Vicksburg surrendered. This|

| | | |gave the North control of the Mississippi River. |

|July 1 |Gettysburg |51,000 |Robert E. Lee invaded Pennsylvania in June 1863. He was hoping to threaten |

| | | |Washington and Philadelphia, to breed Northern morale, and to gain |

| | | |recognition and independence for the Southern Confederacy. At Gettysburg, |

| | | |Pennsylvania, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia met the Army of the Potomac |

| | | |unexpectedly. It was under the command of General George G. Meade. This |

| | | |famous battle lasted three days. The Southerners were turned back and again |

| | | |retreated into Virginia. |

| | | |The combined casualties of Gettysburg and Vicksburg overwhelmed the South. |

|September 18 |Chickamauga |34,624 |The Confederate Army led by General Braxton Bragg won against the Union |

| | | |army at Chickamauga Creek in Tennessee. General George Thomas commanded |

| | | |the Union army which  was trapped in Chattanooga. After winning Bragg |

| | | |decided not to capture Chattanooga. Ten Confederate generals had been |

| | | |killed or wounded. |

|May |Sherman's march to the |12,140 in Atlanta|William T. Sherman left Tennessee with 100,000 troops. He marched to |

| |Sea | |Atlanta, Georgia. He ten marched from Atlanta to the Atlantic Ocean. |

| | | |During this 300 mile march Sherman's soldiers burned and destroyed |

| | | |everything in a width of 60 miles. |

|May 5 - 6 |Battle of the |Union: 18,000 |This was the first in a series of battles that took place in the woods of |

| |Wilderness |Confederate: |near Chancellorsville, Virginia. The first Union attack was made in an |

| | |7,500 |area about 50 miles from Richmond. Fires trapped both Confederate and |

| | | |Union soldiers in the blazing woods. The Union gained little and lost much|

| | | |in casualties.  (Some consider battle this a draw.) |

|May 31 |Cold Harbor |15,500 |Grant kept moving toward Lee's army after Spotsylvania. They fought the |

| | | |Southern army at Cold Harbor in an advance upon Richmond. After many |

| | | |casualties the Union army called off the attack. |

|June 20 |Siege of Petersburg |104,000 |After leaving Cold Harbor Grant headed for Petersburg, 20 miles south of |

| | | |Richmond, the Confederate capital. The Union delayed attacking long enough|

| | | |for Lee to gather reinforcements. This was the beginning of a nine month |

| | | |siege with Grant's men surrounding Lee's army. Petersburg did not fall |

| | | |until the end of the war. |

|September 2 |Atlanta |12,140 |Northern troops under Sherman captured Atlanta after a forty-day siege of |

| | | |the city. Atlanta was an important victory because it was one of the most |

| | | |important railroad junctions in the Confederacy. Sherman burned much of |

| | | |the city on November 15 before leaving to begin his march to the sea. |

|April 9 |Appomattox Courthouse |700 |General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, |

| | | |Virginia. |

| | | |Confederate soldiers were allowed to keep their belongings including |

| | | |pistols and horses and could return home. |

|April 14 |Lincoln's assassination| |On Good Friday, April 14 Lincoln was assassinated. He was attending a |

| | | |performance at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D. C. The assassin was and |

| | | |actor named John Wilkes Booth. After twelve days of running Booth was |

| | | |fatally shot. He had been part of a group of co-conspirators including |

| | | |Lewis Powell, Lewis Payne, who stabbed Secretary of State Seward that same|

| | | |night. Seward lived. After a manhunt for the eight conspirators four were |

| | | |hanged and the four others were imprisoned. |

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