Date
|Date |Event |Causalities |Summary |
|April 14, |Fort |0 |The Confederate States wanted to force the US Army to leave Fort Sumter. There was forty |
|1861 |Sumter | |hours of continuous shelling before the fort fell to the South. By this time one-fifth of |
| | | |the fort was on fire. The Southern commander, General Pierre G. T. Beauregard, gave |
| | | |permission for all the Union troops to leave safely and the Southern troops took over the |
| | | |fort. |
|July 21, 1861|First Battle of Bull Run|2,900 |This was the first great battle of the Civil War. The battle was fought at |
| | | |Manassas Junction near Bull Run Creek, only 30 miles south of Washington, D.|
| | | |C. Many Congressmen and their wives watched from behind the battle lines. |
| | | |The Union guns shot first attacking General Beauregard's troops. Confederate|
| | | |reinforcements arrived by train wearing blue uniforms. After confusion set |
| | | |in the North was defeated and retreated to the capital. President Lincoln |
| | | |asked for more volunteers. |
|February 6, |Fighting on the |17,398 |After capturing Fort Henry along the Tennessee River the Union army with |
|1862 (Fort |Mississippi | |15,000 men led by Ulysses S. Grant attacked Fort Donelson, a Confederate |
|Henry) | | |fort on the Cumberland River. At Fort Donelson Grant sent the message, "No |
|February 16, | | |terms except unconditional and immediate surrender can be accepted. I |
|1862 (Fort | | |propose to move immediately upon your works." The North had six gunboats. |
|Donelson) | | |The fighting lasted three days. Grant took 12,000 Confederate prisoners and |
| | | |40 cannons from Fort Donelson. This cut off the Confederate supply line from|
| | | |the western territories. |
|March 9, 1862 |Ironclad Ships Battle | |For the first time in history two ironclad ships battled. The battle lasted |
| | | |for about 4 hours. Neither side won the battle. The Confederate ironclad was|
| | | |an old wooden ship called the Merrimac which had been rebuilt with iron all |
| | | |around the boat then renamed the Virginia. The Merrimac had sunk several |
| | | |Union ships in the past months. The North decided to build an ironclad ship |
| | | |to fight it. The Northern ship was called the Monitor. |
|April 6, 1862 |Shiloh |23,746 |After Grant had captured several forts in Tennessee his armies moved south |
| | | |toward Mississippi. The Confederate Army lead by General Albert Sidney |
| | | |Johnston, met Grant at Shiloh, Tennessee. Grant had not expected the attack |
| | | |which started while the Yankee soldiers were cooking their breakfast. At |
| | | |first Grant seemed to be losing. Then more Northern troops arrived and Grant|
| | | |defeated the Southerners. |
| | | |(Johnston was wounded in the leg and bled to death before medical help came.|
| | | |P. G. T. Beauregard took command after Johnston was wounded.) |
|June 1862 |Seven Days' Battle |Union: 15,800 |In a series of battles the Southern army led by Generals Joseph E. Johnston |
| | |Confederate |and Robert E. Lee, the South managed to drive back the Union army. The |
| | |20,100 |battles ended at Malvern Hill on July 1. Lee breaks McClellan siege of |
| | | |Richmond. The Union Army returned to Washington. |
|August 28-30,|Second Battle at Bull |22,180 |The Union led by General John Pope was defeated at Bull Run Creek while |
|1862 |Run | |trying to reach Richmond. The Union army retreat to Washington. |
| | | |J. E. B. Stuart broke into the Union headquarters and captured a case |
| | | |containing more that $300,000 (worth $5 million today). Lincoln relieved |
| | | |Pope of his command.) |
|September 17,|Battle of Antietam - |23,100 |Lee took command telling the Confederate forces that he planned to carry the|
|1862 |Sharpsburg, Maryland | |fight to the enemy. Lee gave each division a route and job to do. One copy |
| | | |of Lee's plan ended up with the Union Army. Therefore when Leee crossed the |
| | | |Potomac River into Maryland, he was blocked from Washington, D. C. by Union |
| | | |troops in a bloody battle at Sharpsburg near Antietam Creek. Lee realized |
| | | |that his army was in a bad position to receive supplies and withdrew his |
| | | |troops over the Potomac to Virginia. |
|September 22,|Lincoln Frees all the | |President issued a proclamation freeing all the slaves in the South. |
|1862 |Slaves | |Lincoln's document called the Emancipation Proclamation because in |
| | | |emancipated the slaves. |
|April 30 |Chancellorsville |20,000 |General Lee fought against General Joseph Hooker. Although outnumbered two |
| | | |to one, Lee won the battle. During the battle General Thomas J. "Stonewall" |
| | | |Jackson was killed. |
| | | |(Jackson was shot when returning to camp by one of his own men.) |
|May 18 |Vicksburg |35,835 |In Vicksburg, Mississippi a strong fort overlooked the river. Grant |
| | | |surrounded the fort and began a siege. On July 4 Vicksburg surrendered. This|
| | | |gave the North control of the Mississippi River. |
|July 1 |Gettysburg |51,000 |Robert E. Lee invaded Pennsylvania in June 1863. He was hoping to threaten |
| | | |Washington and Philadelphia, to breed Northern morale, and to gain |
| | | |recognition and independence for the Southern Confederacy. At Gettysburg, |
| | | |Pennsylvania, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia met the Army of the Potomac |
| | | |unexpectedly. It was under the command of General George G. Meade. This |
| | | |famous battle lasted three days. The Southerners were turned back and again |
| | | |retreated into Virginia. |
| | | |The combined casualties of Gettysburg and Vicksburg overwhelmed the South. |
|September 18 |Chickamauga |34,624 |The Confederate Army led by General Braxton Bragg won against the Union |
| | | |army at Chickamauga Creek in Tennessee. General George Thomas commanded |
| | | |the Union army which was trapped in Chattanooga. After winning Bragg |
| | | |decided not to capture Chattanooga. Ten Confederate generals had been |
| | | |killed or wounded. |
|May |Sherman's march to the |12,140 in Atlanta|William T. Sherman left Tennessee with 100,000 troops. He marched to |
| |Sea | |Atlanta, Georgia. He ten marched from Atlanta to the Atlantic Ocean. |
| | | |During this 300 mile march Sherman's soldiers burned and destroyed |
| | | |everything in a width of 60 miles. |
|May 5 - 6 |Battle of the |Union: 18,000 |This was the first in a series of battles that took place in the woods of |
| |Wilderness |Confederate: |near Chancellorsville, Virginia. The first Union attack was made in an |
| | |7,500 |area about 50 miles from Richmond. Fires trapped both Confederate and |
| | | |Union soldiers in the blazing woods. The Union gained little and lost much|
| | | |in casualties. (Some consider battle this a draw.) |
|May 31 |Cold Harbor |15,500 |Grant kept moving toward Lee's army after Spotsylvania. They fought the |
| | | |Southern army at Cold Harbor in an advance upon Richmond. After many |
| | | |casualties the Union army called off the attack. |
|June 20 |Siege of Petersburg |104,000 |After leaving Cold Harbor Grant headed for Petersburg, 20 miles south of |
| | | |Richmond, the Confederate capital. The Union delayed attacking long enough|
| | | |for Lee to gather reinforcements. This was the beginning of a nine month |
| | | |siege with Grant's men surrounding Lee's army. Petersburg did not fall |
| | | |until the end of the war. |
|September 2 |Atlanta |12,140 |Northern troops under Sherman captured Atlanta after a forty-day siege of |
| | | |the city. Atlanta was an important victory because it was one of the most |
| | | |important railroad junctions in the Confederacy. Sherman burned much of |
| | | |the city on November 15 before leaving to begin his march to the sea. |
|April 9 |Appomattox Courthouse |700 |General Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, |
| | | |Virginia. |
| | | |Confederate soldiers were allowed to keep their belongings including |
| | | |pistols and horses and could return home. |
|April 14 |Lincoln's assassination| |On Good Friday, April 14 Lincoln was assassinated. He was attending a |
| | | |performance at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D. C. The assassin was and |
| | | |actor named John Wilkes Booth. After twelve days of running Booth was |
| | | |fatally shot. He had been part of a group of co-conspirators including |
| | | |Lewis Powell, Lewis Payne, who stabbed Secretary of State Seward that same|
| | | |night. Seward lived. After a manhunt for the eight conspirators four were |
| | | |hanged and the four others were imprisoned. |
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