BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

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UNITED STATEs DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

W. AVER.ELL HARRIMAN, 8ecnttciry

l

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

J. C. CAPT, Oiroctcr

...... I

!

POPULATION

EDUCATION

Educational Attainment by Economic

-Characteristics and Marital Status

Based upon tabulations from the Sixteenth Census of the United States: 1940

Prepared under the supervision of

Dr. LEONE. TRUESDELL

Chief, Population Diviaicm. Bunou of the 0-.U.

\

UNITED STATES

i

GOVERNMENT PRINTING omet:

WASHINGTON : 1947

I

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BUREAU OF

THE CENSUS

J.C. CAPT, Director

PJ!tJ,JP M. IV.us:&R, DeprwL'fl DireoLor

A. ltou Ecxuul,

,.i33$oti4 Dir(Jcl-Or

c. Ht;WAR:lil G11,J)Jl'l!)S,

.h#WJ.G'l\t DireckJr

a:. Mld, by yaera of school com-

Jl'lMiitd. l!lnd llfJte, for the United States, urban

. ? ~l l94Q."", ....... ,, .?"....... f??????????? 121

ll:l!f.~~j:a::r oe>w;ii111t.1Clill grld, by ye1rre or lilOhool 1letli4 !l>lli llllfii!All, tor regions: 1940 ????????????. 1~5

?~ ~r ~eler.r ~Qlnll in 1989

~J.-Wt!~ ?' 11al,11;?.'f :l.n!l>lme ail :r-eeeipt Of' other ln*'~ :!? l!li/~9, for Mt1:.re whi'te males 18 to 64 ~l'a 'lllil , '!ilw :rei.ini Of aahool oontple t11?d lllld

fa;r tn tlll!ited !iltl'!:tea , \U'l;.en $i?l.d r11:ral ,

pl..Ufi ClMlllitill'd ltlliOOll'ding to

, .. t ? ? . 'I? II' 11111 4 ? ? ? ? IJ 41'4 II II

4 4 fr .. ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 4

147

Wage or Salary Income in 1939--Con,

Table

P

30.--wage.or salary income and receipt of other in-

. come in 1939 1 tor native white females 18 to 64 years old, by years of school completed and

age, for the United States, urban and rural,

and for urban places classified according to

.size: 1940 ???????????????? ; ??? ,,, ........... .

31.--wage or salary income and receipt of other in-

coll\e in 1939, for Negro males 18 to 54 years

old, by years of school ccimpleted a,nd age, for

the United States, urban and rural: 1940,, .,, Ji&1

32.--Wage or salary income and receipt of other inr

come in 1939, for Negro females lB to 54 yelll8

old, by years of school completed and age, for

the United States, .urban and rural: 1940,,, .,

33.--Wage or salary income and receipt of other in-

come in 1939, tor native white males 18 to 64

years old, by years of school completed and age, for regions1 urban end rural: 1940,,,,,, l:&f.

34.--wage or salary income and receipt o?f other in-

come in 1939, . for native white females 18 to

64 years old, by years of school completed and

age, for regions: ? 1940, .............. , ....... , ~

35.--Wage or salary income and receipt of other in-

come in 1939, for Negro males 18 to 64 years

old, by years of school completed and age, for

regions (with urban and rural for the South):

1940 .???.....??.???. #'????????????????????????? J.M,

36.~-Wage or salary income and receipt of other 'in-

come in 1939, for Negro females 18 to 64 years

old, by years of school completed end 11ge, for

regions: 1940, ?????? ,, ??????????? , ??? ,.,..... 1$11

Marital Status

37,--Merital status of the native white population 18 t.a,.54 years old, by years of school completed, age, and sex, tor the united. States, urban and rural, end tor urban ~laces classified according to size: 1940;, ?? , ................ ,., .... 19'l

38.--Maritel status of the native white population 18 to 64 years old of native parentage, by years of school completed, age, end sex, for the United states, urban and rural: 1940, ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ];9$:

89.--:t.rerital status of the native white population 18 to 64 years old of foreign or mixed parentage, by years of school completed, age, ?and sex, for the United states, urban and rural: 194() ? ????.???.? ~ .? "' ?????..????...?..??????.'.... ~'

40.--Meritel status of the Negro population 18 to 64 years old, by years of school completed, age, and sex, for the Unit.ad States, urban and rural : 1940 ????.???? .- ?? , ??.??.?.?..??.??.????

41.--.Maritel status of the native white population

18 to 64 years old, by years of school CC1111? pleted, age, and sex, for regions, urban and rural: 1940." ft If ff''? ft. t ? t ?? '' f ???? II? f ? t t fl? f 42.--:t.reritel status of the Negro popiiietion 18 to 64 years Old, by years Of sonool COlllpleted, age,

and sex, tor regions (with urban and rural for , the South) : 1940 ?? ,, ???? ?!!? ??????????? , ????????

i

EDUCft.TIONAL ATTAINMENT BY ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

AND MARITAL STATUS

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL

This report presents statistics on the educational attain~ )ll6nt of the native White and Negro population 18 to. 64 years old by tenure and rental value of home, employment status, major occupation group, wage or salary income 1n 1939, arnl ~rltal status. These tabulations are based on a five-percent sample of returns of the Sixteen~h Decennial Census of Population, taken as of April 1, 1940.1 Statistics are presented for

urban and rural areas of the United States and three regions. These statistics show the relationship between education,

as measured by years of school completed, and subsequent soc1al-economic status, as measured by tenure and rental value of home, employment status, major occupation group, and wage or salary income in 1939, one may examine, for example, the relative economic "success? of college graduates as compared w1 th those Who have gone through high school or grade school only, the amount or formal education custolll!lry among persons in each broad occupational group, and the incidence of unemployment according to educat!onal attainment. Furthermore, one may study the relative proportion of bachelors and sp1nsters at the various educational levels and the incidence ot d~vorce and widowhood. All these relationsMps may be? seen separately at selected ages and in the different types of residential areas.

Related reports. -Detailed statistics for smaller area$

on the educational attainment of the population based on

COl!IPlete tabulations of the census returns are presented in

Volumes II and IV or the Sixteenth Census Reports on Population

and the special reports, ?rnternal M1gratton, 1935 to 1940--

SOcial Characteristics of Migrants? and "Characteristics of

the Nonwhite Population by Race.? Additional statistics on the

educational attainment of adults, based on sample tabulations,

?rA praRentert tn the fo11ow1ng reports:

!l'he Labor roroe rsample siattstlos)-X?ployaent and family !lharacterlatloa of lfomen

!!'he Labor J'orot (Saaple Statlstios)-Oooupational Charaoterist ioa

families-General Characteristloa lamilies-Typea of lamiliu Differential lertility, 1940 and 1910-lfomen by Nlll4-

ber of Children Chlder live Tears Old Dllferent ial le rt llity, 1940 GI/Id l910-lfo1111n Qy /{um-

ber of Children Zver ]orn

Differential Fertility, 1940 and 1910-lsrtility Qy

J)urat Ion of J(arl'iage

"

Jfativity and Parentage of the lfhHe Populatia~

OenAral Charaoterlstlos

Thia is the second or two reports presenting detailed lllUlliPle

stat1st1cs on education cross-classiUed with var1oll8 other

characterist!cs. The data in?this publication ror the adult

population lB to 64 years old supplement the mtat1st1es of tne

first report Whicr1 concerned the population 7 to 1'7 years old.

The tirst publication, entitled "Educatiollllll Attainment of

Ch!ldren by Rental Value of Home,? preaentlll statistics llf native

Wh1 te and Negro children by monthly rental value of hOl!IAI, for

urban and rural-nonfarm areas of the United State11, by re'lfu.i o?m11.

In broad terms, this ear11er?? report dealt wlth the effect of

the economic status or the pa.rents upon their ch11dren'$ ll'du?

catio11111 attainment, whereas the present report is ccm~rood

W! th the relationship of the person ?s own edu{;atHmal Dick~

--"...,_____ grnunct to hls subsequent economic and llll!lrltal h1star,Y.

Av111labU1ty of unpubl isbed data.-'l'lii; ZJ1?1ti.sw:~

sented 1n this report !.:;er

or 113 t.C? o~ J'e!ilr~

also ~ean t.ab..4lr.lted f~;r '!'!hl h1r'~!i 14 ttnr1 l.5 )'IE/!ar;s

16

yea.rs old. The C!aua -Wh1:n are wmr:t1tn. f:n? regl\>rl$

a.re also ava1lat:Jla tor urban and rurral partfil ~ r@g1~Y!1B ~.:wt are

not published 1n all c,.a?J~m. siat1st!cs ror ~~groes, YJ.hlch l1ll!lll noer ot tr1.e i;opulat1on ls alauie1r!ed u rural and U irntJ.:ihlded !nto ruralncmtarm and rl.lrii.l-farm pOp'\ll.llt1()n OF1 th l:rlll.lill s ?01' fa.rm reozl-

t., der.ce, w1 thll perEon ln C(llfiJ'.ll"'ted

Ylllil.rlll.

'fenllire.-8'"..;m.tl!!tloe iln t1M11.1re of ho~ilil an pertH1ent rmh

to persmwi l!vt n;g 1l'1 pri 'l'11t111 ho,iset10J 1"%i and rd!!l ted to th~ he;~d

of thdlrJ.W, oo! tlil.

?'l'hll claH1f!C!3.t!oo atenUI11 mit rep.art&d" eoffii;1?'!r&era relfllt!ld

-berill of p-rtvate 11-owifl>l:!Ollls ln llltll!lllm not ret?QT't.lng tenllNI,

pt.M!Mlil 11'1 p:r11111>till ht:>llllllll"11t.111 :lllt;!J ?.n 1:JM1>d on Ullll r1>p.ortA>d contract ront o! tile t1'111>1nt-occupled llllllillllng 1.rn1u 11rnd th@ O(!lttMt&d r1:1r1tl>l 'l'ill.l ue af owneir-oceupi11t1

2

EDUCATION

home:;. Lodgers, servants, and at.her persons !n private h'>USeholds who were not related tn the. household head, as wall as persons living in hotels, lodc;lnr;houses, instituttons, etc., are not classified, a"cordinl.~ to rental value of home, because the rent of the place where they 11 ved is not a reliable lndtcutton of the economic status or such persons. For rural-farm areas, the data on monthly rental value of home are not entirely satisfactory because of the difficulty in separating the value or rent of the farmhouse from that or the rest or the farm property: statistics showing rental value of.home are therefore restrt cted to persons residing in urban and r.ural-nonrarm areas.

Employment statue.-In the 1940 Census of Population, persons 14 years old and over were classified on the basts or their activity durine; the census week of March 24 to 30, 1940, into two large groups: (a) Persons ln the labor force., including those at work for pay or profit or at unpaid family work during the census week; those with a ~ob or buslness from v1htch they were temporarily absent: those on public emergency work; and thosEl not at work but act1 vel~! seeking work during the census week; and (b) persons noi: In the labor force. The latter group includes persons reported as engaged In own home housework, in school, or unable to work; others not employed, not on public emergency work, nor seeking work; all inmates of penal and mental 1nst1 tut!ons and homes tor the aged, 1ntirm, and needy, regardless of their act! vi ty during the census week; and persons for whom employment status was not rer;orted.

In addition, statistics far persons in the labor force are shown separately tor (l) those Who were employed and (2) those who were seeking work or on public emergency work. In several of the previously published reports, persons on publ1 c emergency work were. combined with those seeles or snl.arl es, such as 1neome frorr. roomers or boarders, business prort ts, professional fees, income ln k?ind, receipts from the sale 'of farm products, rents,

Highest grade ot ?chool completed.-rn lll40 the cttnsus,

tor the first tlrr.e1 included a queation on the !'annal educa-

tional attainment ol' each person. 'rhe question on the schedule

asked for the last full grade that the parson hud completed in

the regular school system-publlc, prl vate, or parochial school,

college or uni verst ty.

There 1s evidence that in the 1840 cemms some persons over-

stated the ami;iunt or formal sclinolinr: completed. The following

conditions, all of whlch' tend toward an upward bias, may have

been involved in some cases: ?

1. Persons who left school in the middle of a i>rade re-

ported that they had completed that grade.

2. Years of education received in business coller,os, trade

and vocnt!onal schools, etc., were included.

-

3. The translation of? education in lllltraded schools or In

foreign countries to the equl valent grade in the Amer! can

school system J/las too 11 beral.?

4. There was some exage;eratlon of educat!rmal 11.ttalnmor1t.

COMPARISOtl BETWEI;:",.J RES'JLTS OF SAt:PLE TALlULATIUNS A:>JD CQl,'.PL~E CulJNT

The statistics shown in this rcip0rt are based on tabulations of a five-percent sample of the 1840 census returns, multiplied lllliformly by 20. Exact agreement Is not to be expected between the tabulations or a sample and tile corresponding tabulatlona of a complete count, but the sample data nevertheless lndlcut& the relationships amon~ the various characteristics inV')lved. With re~rd to the lndlvldual numbers In tile tables, comparisons thus far made with the figures obtain;ible also from tlle complete count lncllcate that BL percent of the nu:"bers above 10,0DO w1.11 dlffer from those available from the CrJrnplete cuunt by less than 5 percent, 95 perctln t or those between t 1 000 and 10,000 will d1ffer'b~1 less'than 10 percent, and% percent ot those between 2,uuu and 5 1000 will differ by less than 20 iiercel'1t. Somewhat larll'l'!t' vurl:cUons may be expe~ted in numbers !Jd'."ii J,ClOG, but evon hwco tilfj majo;?tty or the dltrerences are

~-'"" ti;an ly percent, .altr1 ~p;i1 much ? larger differences occa-

stonally occur. Table I presents a com~? ;'l:;.;n or fl gures from the sample

tabulations and those from the comp;L,c?t.';; count for natl ve Wh1 te and Negro persons 18 to r;.i years old in the united states, by

age and sex, and t13.ble II presents a similar cornvarlson tor these groups in .i.irban and rural areas.

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