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APUSH UNIT 8 Dr. I. Ibokette

Unit 8: Progressivism and Internationalism, 1890s to 1910s

• The Progressive Era

• Industrialism & Imperialism

• US Foreign Policy, 1900-1910s

As always, please use the 4-step guidelines below in reading and taking notes on this unit.

Step 1: Pay attention to the “the large picture” or the central theme of the chapter and write down the titles of each unit, chapter and sub-headings/sections;

Step 2: Take notes on key points on the assigned chapters’ sub-sections; and pay particular attention to the key terms and names from the ID list (highlight/underline them).

Step 3: Briefly answer the “study questions” listed at the end of each sub-section.

Step 4: Draw up a timeline of about 7-10 key events/developments from the assigned reading.

Essential Questions:

1. What were the origins of Progressivism and how was it a response to the social, political and economic problems of the Gilded Age?

2. How did the debate over the proper role of the federal government, in both domestic and foreign policy, shape the U.S.?

3. What were the major milestones and motives of American imperialism (1898-1914)?

4. How did the United States respond to World War I, at home and abroad?

1. Chapter 20: The Progressive Era

Sub-Sections, Key Names and Terms, and Study Questions

a. Setting the Stage 568

➢ “Looking Ahead”

b. The Progressive Impulse 569

a. muckrakers

b. Ida Tarbell

c. Lincoln Steffens

d. Social Gospel

e. Jane Addams and Hull House

f. American Medical Association

g. National Association of Manufacturers

Questions:

i. What changes to politics and governments did progressive reformers advocate at the local, state and federal levels? How did governments change as a result of their efforts?

ii. How would you define progressivism and describe its major characteristics?

iii. What were the significant divisions within the progressive movement? What impact did these divisions have on the movement?

c. Women and Reform 573

a. settlement houses

b. Jane Addams

c. GFWC

d. WTUL

e. NAWSA

f. 19th Amendment

g. Alice Paul and ERA

Questions:

i. What role did women and women’s organization play in the reforms of the progressive era?

ii. Why were western states often on the leading edge of political reform and women’s voting rights?

iii. What social attitudes in America worked for and against the concept of women having the right to vote?

iv. What social factors motivated progressivism to develop as a reform movement when it did?

d. The Assault on the Parties 577

a. commission and city-manager plans

b. initiative and referendum

c. direct primary and recall

d. Robert La Follette

e. Sources of Progressive Reform 580

a. Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

b. W.E.B. DuBois

c. NAACP

d. WCTU

Questions:

i. How did Du Bois’ philosophy on race relations differ from that of B. T. Washington?

ii. Describe and evaluate the ideas of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois. In your opinion, which of these two men had the better plan, and why?

f. Crusade for Social Order and Reform 583

a. WCTU

b. 18th Amendment

c. immigration

d. Eugenics and nativism

Questions:

i. What “moral” crusades did progressives undertake in their efforts to reform the social order?

g. Challenging the Capitalist Order 585

a. Eugene Debs

b. IWW

c. Louis Brandeis

Questions:

i. What were the differences between a progressive and a radical reformer from 1890 to 1920?

ii. What were some of the approaches that progressives used to challenge the power and influence of capitalist corporate America?

h. Theodore Roosevelt and the Modern Presidency 588

i. “Good Trusts” & “Bad Trusts”

a. Northern Securities Co. case

b. The Square Deal

c. Anthracite coal strike

d. Hepburn Act

e. Pure Food and Drug Act

f. Newlands Act

Questions:

i. In what ways was Theodore Roosevelt a progressive reformer, consistent with the progressivism of his time?

ii. What accounted for the great public popularity of Theodore Roosevelt? Do you think he would be popular with today’s voters?

iii. What was Theodore Roosevelt’s conception of the presidency, and how did his actions conform to that conception?

j. The Troubled Succession 594

a. William H. Taft

b. Payne-Aldrich Tariff

c. Ballinger Pinchot Dispute

d. “New Nationalism”

e. Progressive or “Bull Moose” Party

Questions:

i. Why was William Howard Taft an unpopular president? Why did Roosevelt challenge him in 1912?

ii. Analyze and assess the presidential election results of 1912.

k. Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom 596

a. Woodrow Wilson

b. “New Freedom”

c. Underwood-Simmons Tariff

d. 16th Amendment

e. 17th Amendment

f. Federal Reserve Act

g. Clayton Antitrust Act

h. Federal Trade Commission

i. Child Labor Laws

Questions:

i. What was Woodrow Wilson’s New freedom?

ii. What major progressive reforms did the federal government enact between 1912 and 1915?

l. End-of-Chapter Review, 598

➢ Looking Back

➢ Significant Events

Recall and Reflect, 600

l. A Timeline of seven to ten key events/developments

Overarching Questions:

1. How would you define progressivism and describe its major characteristics?

2. What social factors motivated progressivism to develop as a reform movement when it did?

3. Why were both the middle class and women so interested in reform causes at the turn of the century?

4. What were the similarities and differences between Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson as progressive presidents?

B. From Crisis to Empire: Chapter 19

Sub-Sections, Key Names and Terms, and Study Questions

a. Setting the Stage, 530

➢ “Looking Ahead”

b. The politics of Equilibrium

a. Stalwarts & Half-Breeds

b. James Garfield

c. Pendleton Act

d. Sherman Antitrust Act

e. McKinley Tariff

f. Wilson-Gorman Tariff

g. Interstate Commerce Act

Questions:

i. What were the major social and economic problems that beset the US in the late 19th century, and how did the two major political parties respond to these problems?

ii. How and why did the fed govt attempt to regulate the interstate commerce in the late 19th century?

iii. Why were presidential administrations from both major political parties in the late nineteenth century generally inactive and engaged in few responsibilities?

c. The Agrarian Revolt 535

a. Granger movement

b. Farmers’ Alliances

c. Mary Lease

d. the People’s Party

e. Free Silver

f. “Colored Alliances”

g. Populism

Questions:

i. What efforts did farmers undertake to deal with the economic problems they faced in the late 19th century?

ii. What drew the anger of disgruntled farmers in the late nineteenth century, and why?

iii. Describe which Populist ideas of the late nineteenth century differed from those of the Republican or Democratic Parties.

iv. How does Populism fit into the traditions of American democracy both before and since the late nineteenth century?

v. What efforts did farmers undertake to deal with the economic problems they faced in the late 19th century?

vi. What was Populism and its goals; and to what degree were these goals achieved?

d. The Crisis of the 1890s 539

a. Panic of 1893

a. Coxey’s Army

b. bimetallism

c. “Crime of ‘73”

Questions:

i. What was the “silver question”? Why was it so important to so many Americans? How did the major political parties deal with this question?

ii. What was the “silver question” in the 1890s, and why was it such a prominent issue?

d. “A Cross of Gold” 543

a. William McKinley

b. William Jennings Bryan

c. “Cross of Gold” speech

a. fusion

b. People’s Party

c. Currency or Gold Standard Act

Questions:

i. How did the campaigns of William McKinley and William Jennings Bryan differ in 1896, and why did McKinley win?

e. Stirrings of Imperialism 547

a. New Imperialism-causes

b. Alfred T. Mahan

c. Venezuela & Britain

d. Queen Liliuokalani

e. Hawaiian annexation

Questions:

i. How did progressive ideas and industrialization contribute to the development of American imperialism?

ii. What factors motivated the United States to adopt an expansionist view in international affairs in the 1890s?

f. War with Spain 554

a. Spanish-American War

b. General Weyler

c. yellow journalism

d. De Lome scandal

e. the Maine incident

f. Rough Riders

g. Jones Act, 1917

h. Treaty of Paris, 1898

i. Anti-Imperialist League

j. Questions:

i. Why did the United States go to war against Spain in 1898? How did the war change US’s relationship with the rest of the world?

ii. How did the US become an imperial power?

iii. How did the Spanish American war change US’s relationship with the rest of the world?

iv. What were the main argument of those who supported US imperialism and those who opposed the nation’s imperial ambitions and efforts?

k.

g. The Republic as Empire 561

a. Platt Amendment

b. Philippine War

c. Emilio Aguinaldo

d. Open Door policy

e. Boxer Rebellion

f. Roots Military Reforms

h. Questions:

i. Alan Brinkley characterizes the war in the Philippines as the “least remembered of all American wars.” Why would this be the case for this war?

ii. Why may one say the Spanish-American War marked the “birth” of the United States as an international power?

iii. What evidence suggests that the United States between 1898 and 1902 was not yet ready to be a leading world power?

i. End-of-Chapter Review, 565

➢ Looking Back

➢ Significant Events

Recall and Reflect, 566

j. A Timeline of seven to ten key events/developments

“YANKEE IMPERIALISM”

The 1890s to the 1910s was a period of the United States’ external expansion and intensive involvement in international affairs. Much of this involvement reflected the global phenomenon of “new imperialism”. For much of the 19th century, the 1823 Monroe Doctrine ostensibly guided the United States’ foreign or “imperial” activities in the Western Hemisphere. From the late 19th to the early 20th century, however, the United States manipulated (rearticulated, reaffirmed and/or revised) this policy to meet the exigencies of the time.

To what extent was the United States motivated by economic concerns in its imperial policy and activities in the period 1898-1904?

An articulate discussion of this topic requires (not necessarily in this order)

a) an effective thesis paragraph that includes

• a clearly stated focus statement

• a working definition of imperialism in the context of American foreign policy at the turn of the 19th/20th century;

• key arguments or findings re: the role of economic considerations in the US imperialism

b) an identification of, and a brief discussion on the motives in US imperial policy, 1898 to1904: evaluate the role of economic motives in relation to other motives

c) specific examples of US imperial activities during the said period

d) an effective interaction with source material

Length: 750 Words, absolute maximum (typed, double spaced using point 12 or 13 font).

C. America and the Great War: Chapter 21

Sub-Sections, Key Names and Terms, and Study Questions

a. Setting the Stage

➢ “Looking Ahead”

b. The “Big Stick”: America and the World, 1901-1917 603

a. Roosevelt Corollary

b. Panamanian Revolution and Canal

c. Dollar Diplomacy

d. Moral Diplomacy

e. Veracruz

Questions:

i. What were the major US diplomatic initiatives from 1902 to 1917?

ii. Why was Theodore Roosevelt so suited to be an activist foreign policy president? How did he carry out that activism, and what were the results?

iii. What does Woodrow Wilson’s Mexican foreign policy tell you about his conceptions of government and leadership?

c. The Road to War 607

a. U.S. WWI neutrality

b. Lusitania

c. Zimmermann Telegram

d. American Expeditionary Force

Questions:

i. Why did the United States stay out of World War I between 1914 and 1917?

ii. What were the most important events that led to the US declaring War on Germany?

iii. Who opposed US involvement in WWI and why?

iv. Trace the events between 1914 and 1917 that led President Woodrow Wilson to ask for a declaration of war against Germany.

v. What were the problems with American neutrality between 1914 and 1917?

vi. Trace the course of government efforts to create domestic support of the war. To what degree were these efforts justified by the war?

d. War Without Stint 610

a. Selective Service Act

a. African American Soldiers

e. The War and American Society 614

b. Liberty Bonds

c. War Industries Board

d. War Labor Board

e. Ludlow Massacre

a. Great Migration

b. race riots

c.

f. The Futile Search for Social Unity 616

a. Woman’s Peace Party

b. Committee on Public Information

c. Espionage and Sedition Acts

d. “100% Americanism”

Questions (for sections d, e & f):

i. How did the Wilson adm. mobilize the nation for war

ii. What effect did the war have on race relations in the US?

iii. What were some of the ways that US participation in WWI changed American society

g. The Search for a New World Order 620

a. Wilson’s 14 Points

b. League of Nations

c. Reparations

d. Henry Cabot Lodge

Questions:

i. Define and analyze President Woodrow Wilson’s “New World Order.”

ii. Why did the battle over the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles come to an impasse? While did the Senate ultimately reject the treaty? What was the significance of that rejection?

iii. Why did the Great War fail to become the “war that ends all wars”?

h. A Society in Turmoil 623

a. Boston police strike

b. Chicago race riots

c. Marcus Garvey Black Nationalism

d. Red Scare

e. Palmer raids

f. Sacco and Vanzetti

g. Return to Normalcy

h. 19th Amendment

Questions:

i. What were the key domestic developments in the immediate post-war years?

ii. How did World War I affect African Americans and race relations?

iii. What was the status of the progressive reform movement in America in 1920? What accounts for this status?

i. End-of-Chapter Review, 629

➢ Looking Back

➢ Significant Events

Recall and Reflect, 631

j. A Timeline of seven to ten key events/developments

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