Casualty Evaluation and Evacuation - United States Marine Corps

UNITED STATES MARINE CORPS THE BASIC SCHOOL

MARINE CORPS TRAINING COMMAND CAMP BARRETT, VIRGINIA 22134-5019

CASUALTY EVALUATION AND EVACUATION B151256

STUDENT HANDOUT

Basic Officer Course

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Casualty Evaluation and Evacuation

Casualty Evaluation and Evacuation

Introduction Importance In This Lesson

This lesson will teach you how to correctly diagnose injuries that are not immediately life-threatening but could become so if not properly treated. You will also learn about the prioritizing of casualties and their evacuation.

Officers must be able to properly diagnose, triage, and evacuate those Marines wounded in action in order to best ensure their chances for survival. The skills that you will be introduced to in this lesson will be practiced throughout your time at The Basic School.

This lesson covers the following topics:

Topic Primary Survey Four Basic Lifesaving Steps Secondary Survey Nine Diagnostics Signs Triage Procedures Transportation of Casualties Casualty Reporting Summary References Glossary of Terms and Acronyms Notes

Page 7 11 24 27 33 36 38 38 38 37 39

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Casualty Evaluation and Evacuation

Casualty Evaluation and Evacuation

Learning Objectives

Terminal Learning Objectives

1. Given Marines, a casualty, communications equipment, conduct casualty evacuation to prevent further injury or death. (TBS-MED-2102)

2 . Given a casualty with no life-threatening bleeding, an IFAK, and a secure position out of effective enemy fire, perform Tactical Field Care (TFC) to prevent further bleeding or death. (TBS-MED-1006)

3 . Given a casualty, wearing a fighting load, and an Individual First Aid Kit (IFAK), perform Care Under Fire (CUF) to prevent additional casualties. (TBS-MED-1003)

Casualty Evaluation and Evacuation (Continued)

Learning Objectives (Continued)

Enabling Learning Objectives

1 . Given a casualty with no life threatening bleeding, an IFAK, and a secure position out of effective enemy fire,, treat injuries, to prevent further injury or death. (TBS-MED1003a)

2 . Given an IFAK, and a secure position out of effective enemy fire, render self aid, to prevent further injury or death. (TBS-MED-1003b)

3 . Given a casualty with no life threatening bleeding, an IFAK, and a secure position out of effective enemy fire, identify types bleeding, to prevent further bleeding or death per the reference. (TBS-MED-1003c)

4 . Given a casualty, equipment, and personnel, move casualty to a safe position when tactically feasible, to prevent further injury or death. (TBS-MED-1003d)

5 . Given a casualty, equipment, and personnel, employ rescue equipment, to prevent further injury or death. (TBSMED-1003e)

6 . Given a casualty, an Individual First Aid Kit (IFAK), field

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Casualty Evaluation and Evacuation

expedient materials, treat for bleeding, to prevent further injury or death. (TBS-MED-1006a)

7 . Given a casualty with no life threatening bleeding, an IFAK, and a secure position out of effective enemy fire, evaluate the casualty's airway to prevent further injury or death. (TBS-MED-1006b)

8 . Given an individual with a sucking chest wound and an Individual First Aid Kit (IFAK), treat a sucking chest wound, to prevent further injury or death. (TBS-MED-1006c)

9 . Given a casualty with no life threatening bleeding, an IFAK, and a secure position out of effective enemy fire, identify additional wounds, to prevent further injury or death. (TBS-MED-1006d)

10 . Given a casualty that has been treated for life threatening bleeding, an IFAK, and a secure position out of effective enemy fire, treat a casualty for shock, to prevent further injury or death. (TBS-MED-1006e)

11 . Given a casualty and an Individual First Aid Kit (IFAK) or Training IFAK, apply a splint to a causality, to prevent further injury or death. (TBS-MED-1006f)

12 . Given a casualty with restored breathing, place a casualty in the proper recovery position, without error. (TBS-MED-1006h)

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Casualty Evaluation and Evacuation

Primary Survey

Casualty Assessment

Casualty assessment is a systematic process for assessment of the trauma casualty and is essential for recognizing life-threatening conditions, identifying injuries, and determining priorities of care based on assessment findings. Upon arriving at the point of injury (either in a tactical or garrison environment), the Marine providing care will learn much from a quick, thorough, head-to-toe observation. Utilizing an organized, systematic approach when assessing each trauma casualty helps ensure that injuries will not be missed. Once identified, priorities can be set for each intervention based on the life threatening potential of each injury. The objectives for casualty care are the

? Treatment of the casualty. ? Prevention of additional casualties. ? Completion of the mission.

Civilian versus Tactical Assessment

Casualty assessment in a tactical environment and the care to follow are applied under very different circumstances than pre-hospital care in the civilian or medical treatment facility (MTF) setting; however, the format for offering that assessment and care is the same. Civilian and MTF care does not have to take into consideration incoming fire, darkness, environmental factors such as swamps and snow, casualty transportation problems, delays to definitive care, and command decisions based on mission.

Primary Survey

You should begin an initial survey of all casualties on arrival. During the primary survey, you need only to talk, feel, and observe. No diagnostic equipment is needed. Inquiry should be brief and pertinent; no detailed questioning is necessary at this time. Four diagnostic signs (pulse, respiration, skin color, and state of consciousness) should be evaluated in the primary survey of each casualty. This survey is intended to discover and correct any immediate life-threatening problems. All involved casualties must be assessed initially, stopping only to treat

? The pulseless, non-breathing casualty. ? The casualty with massive bleeding. ? Those in coma or shock.

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