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Supplementary table 6. Grey literature up to 15th May 2020AuthorCountryMonth, YearJournalStudy typeAimsEthnicity reported?Study findings with regards to ethnicityICNARCUKMay 2020N/ARegistry dataTo present analyses of data on patients critically ill with confirmed COVID-19 in the UK.YesOf 8699 patients admitted to intensive care units in the UK with COVID-19, 9.9% are Black and 15.2% are Asian. Of 5782 patients with non COVID-19 viral pneumonitis admitted to intensive care units, 2.8% are Black and 5.8% are Asian. Of 6005 patients with COVID-19, of those who received advanced respiratory support, 15.5% were Asian and 10.8% were Black.Of 6746 patients with COVID-19, of those who received renal support, 15.1% were Black and 16% were Asian. Of 6860 patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit, 52.5% of Asians and 50.9% of Blacks died in critical care. Of 5782 patients with non-COVID-19 viral pneumonitis, 18.9% of Asians and 13.6% of Blacks died in critical care.ISARICGlobalMar 2020N/ARegistry dataIn response to the emergence of COVID-19, ISARIC has developed a portfolio of resources to accelerate outbreak research and response. YesOngoing: The ISARIC COVID-19 case report forms are designed for data collection on individuals presenting with suspected or confirmed COVID-19; a section on ethnicity was included.Institute for Fiscal StudiesUKMay 2020N/ASurveillance reportTo investigate whether some ethnic groups are more vulnerable to COVID-19 than othersYesPer capita death markedly greater in Black Caribbean and Black Other groups compared to all other ethnicities (except ‘Other ethnic group’).Office for national statistics UK government report on hospital deathsUKMay 2020N/ASurveillance reportTo report hospital deaths from COVID-19 in the UKYesExcess deaths (observed vs. expected) are around 1.5 times higher than expected for the Indian population, 2.8 times higher for the Pakistani population, and 3 times higher in Bangladeshis. Excess deaths are 4.3 times higher for the Black African population, 2.5 times for the Black Caribbean population, and 7.3 times higher for Black Other Background individuals. Excess deaths are 1.6 times higher for the Mixed Any Other Background population.Independent SAGE reportUKMay 2020N/AReportTo provide recommendations for the UK government based on transparent examination of the scientific evidenceYesThe report included a section on “Health, social and economic protections for BAME groups”. As recent data suggested increased mortality from COVID-19 from BAME communities, the report emphasized the need for urgent exploration through robust analysis of routinely collected prospective data on COVID-19 to understand the risks and outcomes associated in BAME groups.Royal College of Psychiatrists: Impact of COVID-19 on BAME staff in mental healthcare settingsUKMay 2020N/ARegistry dataTo produce initial guidance on risk mitigation for BAME staff in mental healthcare settings.YesThis report showed that there is a wide disparity in deaths from COVID-19 amongst BAME compared to White health and care workers in the UK (around 2/3rds of healthcare staff who have died are from a BAME background, whereas they make up around 20% of the overall workforce).StatisticaUKApril 2020N/AOnline reportTo report number of deaths in England by ethnicityYesBlacks account for 5.8% of deaths from COVID-19 but only make up 3.5% of England’s populationHealth Service JournalUKApril 2020Publication in Health Service JournalPublicationTo report number of COVID-19 deaths amongst healthcare workers in the UK by ethnicityYesAmong all staff employed by the NHS, BAME groups account for approximately 21%, including roughly 20% among nursing and support staff and 44% among medical staff (i.e doctors and dentists). Initial analysis of health and care worker BAME COVID-19 deaths suggest they account for 63%, 64% and 95% of overall deaths in the aforementioned staff groups respectively.APM Research LabsUSAMarch 2020N/AOnline reportTo report number of COVID-19 cases and deaths in counties in the USAYesLong report - The latest available COVID-19 mortality rate for Black Americans is 2.2 times higher than the rate for Latinos, 2.3 times higher than the rate for Asians and 2.6 times higher than the rate for Whites. Discover SocietyUKApril 2020N/AOnline websiteArticle about BAME communities being disproportionately affected by COVID-19 in EnglandYesSummary of health impacts of COVID-19 on people from BAME communities from key publicly available datasets. PHE data (coronavirus..uk) shows numbers of cases and numbers of deaths are concentrated in parts of the country with greater BAME populations. Centre for Evidence Based Medicine UK May 2020N/ARapid data and evidence reviewRapid non-peer reviewed review about BAME communities and the risk of COVID-19YesBAME are at markedly higher risk of developing and dying from COVID-19. Causes appear to be multiple including: overrepresentation of BAME populations in lower socio-economic groups, multi-family and multi-generational households, disproportionate employment in lower-band key worker roles, and co-morbidities (especially cardiovascular, diabetes, renal and complex multi-morbidities).King’s FundUKApril 2020N/ABlogArticle about BAME communities and COVID-19YesEthnic minorities have higher rates of co-morbidity that make them more vulnerable to COVID-19, work in roles with greater exposure and live in conditions that have increased risk of spread.References ................
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