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AP US HistorySeptember 14 – 18 2020MONDAY and TUESDAYDiscuss the origins of the Restoration Colonies and Southern colonies in the late 17th century (NAT-1, MIG-1 WOR-1 WXT-1)Analyze Text materials on Imperial British ExpansionMaterialsStrategy/formatPPT and documentsLecture/discussion R.1Student Activities/History SkillsI Chronology and Reasoning (1, 2, 3)Introduction and InstructionsBecause we are a bit behind, I wanted to provide you with important background material below for the Middle or “Restoration Colonies” that is not in the textbook while you do a bit of guided reading on the same topic. I wish that we had time to cover it together but alas, the hour glass is against us. The material below will be part of your unit test next later this week so be certain to review it before the test.For the class assignment you will answer some guided questions from the Text pp: 82 – 86 and also pp 120 - 126OverviewBy the late 17th century English immigration to America and the West Indies was booming. The Great Migrationsaw an flux of perhaps 500,000 over about a 30 year span. This was due largely to war, religion, and economics.As we have seen events in England had a direct impact on the formation of the colonies.The English Civil War (1642-1646) What caused it? What were the results? The war was largely a test of wills between Parliament and King Charles I as to who the true authority would be. There was also a religious overtone as well because most Puritans supported Parliament. The war went badly for the royal forces from the start. In 1646, after a brief respite in fighting, Charles I was executed. Oliver Cromwell, the leader of Parliamentary forces became known as the “protector”The Protectorate (1646 – 1660)Cromwell’s puritanical reign of power resulted from his unwillingness to let messy democracy take its course. He ultimately ruled as a military dictator. This was the only time in English History when there was no monarch. But, on a plus side, once Wales and Scotland were taken over, we can now use the term Britain.The Restoration (1660 – 1688)Charles II ascends the throne and begins grants of land for those who had supported him. These “proprietary colonies” were different than the original corporate colonies in the level of autonomy. The new “restoration colonies” were generally far more autonomous entities …..until later when all will become royal colonies.The Southern and Middle Colonies (see below) were all proprietary and called Restoration colonies because they were mostly given as rewards for those who supported the return of or “restoration” of the monarchy under King Charles IIThe CarolinasEight nobles were granted the tract between modern VA and GA which later on would be turned into two separate colonies for greater administration under James II. In 1670 South Carolina was formed and its original basis was farming largely to supply the West Indies. The major change was the introduction of rice cultivation which led directly to slavery. Even before the Revolution the majority of the population would be African descent.North Carolina developed very differently. Its geography generally precluded large scale farming of cash crops (though in some places tobacco developed). Its geographical development also precluded many good harbors. The colony developed timber industry. What is the nickname of NC?New York and New JerseyOnce the location of New Netherlands, Dutch settlement had been quite successful (Just remember the Peter Stuyvesant and “patroons.”). But as we have seen, events in Europe had a direct impact on colonial America. The mercantilist system fostered many trade-oriented wars. IN fact, the Dutch and English fought 3 wars before New Netherlands finally became English. The colony was renamed after the Duke of York who soon became. King James II. While James II was generally against parliaments he did grant NY its own assembly. The status of New York was always important to the crown as its port was immediately important to the success of British North America.Economically the pattern here was like Pennsylvania and Mass. Where trade was ultimately more important than cash crops. However, slavery here was more common for a while as slaves served in more urban capacities. More on this later.New Jersey formed when James II believed that it would be better for administration if NY were divided. Royal favorites Berkeley and Carteret were given proprietorship who in turn sold these to other groups. There were actually two at first (east and west Jersey) and this too was reorganized into a single royal colony.Pennsylvania and Delaware (actually a proprietary colony)The Quakers (or Society of Friends) was a religious sect of Anglicanism founded by George Fox that was radical for its time. They not liked in Britain because they would swear allegiance only to God, not King and flag. Similar to the later Amish in the U.S. the Quakers were industrious and hard-working but also seen with suspicion. Because they were somewhat cliquish the state feared they would be subversive. Many were jailed in England for refusal to fight in wars following strict pacifism. The term “Quaker” comes from the shaking that some exhibited as they became impassioned during services.William Penn created a “holy experiment” to serve as a refuge for not only Quakers but all persecuted religions and of course the profits from farm and shipping. Native relations were generally good and Penn mandated that fair prices be paid for all lands. Similar to the Mass. Bay colony, Pennsylvania was well ordered and experienced no “starving time.” The port city of Philadelphia, like Boston helped to diversify the economy. While farming was the means of subsistence for many settlers, slavery never took deep root there and the Quakers will one day be the original abolitionists.As we have seen Delaware was organized as a proprietary colony but growth there was slower. Though it had been settled long before as we know. It had its own assembly but not an independent governor until after the Revolution.The Proprietary/Southern Colonies1. Technically the Southern Colonies also count the Chesapeake but we will move on to the Carolinas and Georgia for sake of brevity. The Carolinas were a proprietary colony given to 8 commissioners. However, population of the colonies was slow going at first. In the northern areas, Native attacks by the Tuscarora tribe and others wiped out the first settlements. A force was sent there and they defeated the natives but without fertile soil in most of the future state economies turned to logging and other enterprises. Fun Fact: Pitch or pine tar did become important as a sealant and the settlers got the nickname “Tarheels” hence the University of NC nickname. 2. In the south cash crop cultivation started almost immediately with rice and indigo. The port of Charleston became a bustling town. Unfortunately, with cash crops came slavery and soon the slave population was greater than the white population. In 1729 the Carolinas were split and each given a royal governor for better administration. ClosureThe last of the Restoration colonies and the final of the original 13 colonies was Georgia. In some ways it was also the most unusual. It was formed as a large proprietary colony run by a board of commissioners. The name that is most associated with the founding was James Oglethorpe. The colony was multi-purpose. It was designed as a buffer zone between the British colonies and Spanish Florida. It was reasoned that any attack from the south would be absorbed before the more important Carolinas would be hit. Secondly it was seen as a place to deposit people from debtor’s prisons. Georgia was the only colony to receive direct funding from Parliament.As an interesting side note, Oglethorpe once believed that slavery could be precluded from the colony if the size of land holding was kept smaller. Ultimately this failed because it violated English property rights.HomeworkComplete the Text assignment if needed and upload by 11:59pm Tuesday NightWEDNESDAYExamine the causes and effects of the Great Awakening 1700 - 1750 (NAT-1)(CUL-1)MaterialsFormatPPTLecture/discussion R.1Student Activities/History SkillsI Chronology and Reasoning (1, 2, 3)III Historical Argument 6,7IV Interpretation and Synthesis (8,9)IntroductionEarlier this week we looked the rising middle class in America and what drove this prosperity. We saw that far from being a complete negative, the mercantile system (known as the Navigation Acts in Britain) helped to create exclusive markets for many American products and helped develop our first merchant marine fleet.By the start of the 18th century a cultural movement in Europe, the Enlightenment, made its impact in America particularly among this new middle class. Reason and Logic found its way into the discussions of many people and some took this as far creating a new enlightened theology called deism. In this believers hoped to rein in the emotions and superstitions that they believed had led to religious crusades, death, and destruction. Today we will see a reaction that occurred in part to these new deist beliefs. This was known as the Great Awakening, the largest cultural and social movement of the colonial era.ProcedureBeginning in the late 17th century but really heating up in the early 18th century the religious movement known as the Great Awakening took off in New England but becoming even more popular in the middle colonies of New York and Pennsylvania. The influence of the movement died out the further south one moved.I Background Causesa. Social and Economic Instabilityb. A wave of disease outbreaks (particularly cholera)c. The impact of the Enlightenment in major urban areasd. The discontent (particularly among the youth) with boring Anglican and Congregational (the former Puritan/Calvinist) teaching methods.II The Movement Begins“The Old Lights vs. The New Lights” The Old lights emphasized scholarly approach to theology whereby sermons became more. Like scholarly lectures on the Bible in often excruciating detail. There was often a heavy emphasis on obeying one’s elders and uppers (sometimes in a class-oriented meaning). The New Lights focuses primarily on the issue of salvation as the only means of salvation. Here, the emphasis was upon the individual’s role and not good deeds or obeisance to the church itself. These sermons highly emotional and charged with energy. This was the origins of what came to be known as “hellfire and brimstone preaching” III The Leaders of the MovementGeorge WhitefieldAn Anglican minister from England who began his life as an actor. His sermons were so popular that it is estimated that he preached to over 20% of the colonial population personally!The origins of tent revivals can be traced to this event. The movement is sometimes called revivalism for this reason. He specialized in “hellfire and brimstone preaching”Basic teachings: freewill and personal accountability, role of women in a family’s salvation, all God’s people are important and all have souls to save (including Slaves and Natives). This is also the origins of evangelicalism in America!Others were Jonathan Edwards Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God which was the most published sermon and was often preached by other New Light Ministers especially Anglicans.IV Major Results of the MovementDenominationalism (all Christian faiths are acceptable largely due to Whitefield’s personal salvation sermonsBaptist, Methodists, and Presbyterians began to attract thousands of new converts and would soon replace the older Anglican, Puritans, and Quakers.A wave of education spreads as new colleges and universities started to train people in the new faiths and create ministers for the new churches: U of Penn., UNC, Princeton, Dartmouth, and RutgersThe impact on African-Americans and Natives: mass conversions and the origins of the African Methodist Episcopal churchWomen become more involved in church in lay officesPolitical impact? Some argue that this movement helped spawn a sense of rebellion against Anglicanism a political instrument of control. Why will this matter by mid-18th century?ConclusionThis was the largest ecclesiastical movement that we will see in American history until the early 19th century when we shall encounter yet another Great Awakening (The Second Great Awakening). One of the essays on your next test this week will be on the causes/effects of the Great Awakening.HomeworkNone or begin studying for the Unit Test (SAQ section will be Friday in class and the MCQ section will be on the website.THURSDAY Review Activity on the my ap website You will need to know your access!Instructions1. You will log into my AP classroom and take the UNIT 2 practice MCQ (18 questions) . You will have the entire class period to complete this practice test. 3. A few similar questions will be one your Unit Test over the weekend.HomeworkLook over your notes, web-notes and class materials for the SAQ test and the MCQ over the weekendSee Friday for Tested MaterialsFRIDAYSAQ part of the Unit One TestInstructionsToday you will complete your first SAQ format Test. This is the written component for Unit One test. You should review the following materials1. Spanish Patterns of settlement (see web-notes for week 8/31 – 9/4)2. Dutch and French settlement (web-notes and Khan Academy questions)3. Settlement of the Chesapeake Region (Class and Web-notes)4. New England Settlement (Class and web-notes)5. Social Disruptions in New England (Class and web-notes)6. The Middle and Southern Colonies (Class and web-notes, text materials)7. The Great Awakening (Class and web-notes)**Remember that you will answer in a WORD DOC format on the Teams website (or email to stephensonmike2112@ if have issues uploading. This due by the end of the day 3:00pmHomeworkComplete the MCQ part of the Unit One Test This is due by 8:00AM September 21st ................
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