12
Chapter 1
Welcome to Logic
TRUE/FALSE
1. Valid arguments may have false conclusions.
Answer: T
2. Epistemology studies what we ought to do or what ought to be.
Answer: F
3. All sound arguments have true conclusions.
Answer: T
4. If you know that an argument has a false premise, then you know it is invalid.
Answer: F
5. Premises are offered as evidence or support in an argument.
Answer: T
6. Premise indicator words include “hence” and “therefore.”
Answer: F
7. Statements and arguments are either true or false.
Answer: F
8. To examine the content of an argument one would have to look at the assertions made.
Answer: T
9. Arguments make either factual or inferential claims but not both.
Answer: F
10. Conclusions are the reasons given to support the main point of an argument.
Answer: F
11. Logicians exclusively study deductive arguments.
Answer: F
12. It is possible for a valid argument to have a true conclusion.
Answer: T
13. An argument with a false premise must be valid.
Answer: F
14. Language can be used to explain points as well as be used to make arguments.
Answer: T
15. An argument that makes a good inference is invalid.
Answer: F
16. All arguments with all true premises are sound.
Answer: F
17. Ethics is the part of philosophy that studies what we can know.
Answer: F
18. Valid arguments will never have all true premises and a false conclusion.
Answer: T
19. All arguments have premises.
Answer: T
20. Sound arguments can have false premises.
Answer: F
21. An argument is just a list of statements about facts.
Answer: F
22. A valid argument will always have a false conclusion.
Answer: F
23. An argument is a group of one or more statements in which one is claimed to be supported by the others.
Answer: T
24. An argument makes two claims.
Answer: T
25. A sound argument may not be a valid argument.
Answer: F
26. Formal logic studies the form or pattern of arguments.
Answer: T
27. Statements can legitimately be said to be valid.
Answer: F
28. Informal logic studies informal fallacies.
Answer: T
29. Arguments can be said to be true or false.
Answer: F
30. The conclusion of an argument is the statement that provides support or gives reasons.
Answer: F
31. A valid argument must have true premises.
Answer: F
32. Conclusions can be identified by looking for words such as “because” and “since.”
Answer: F
33. A sound argument may have a false premise.
Answer: F
34. The content of the argument deals with the structure of the argument.
Answer: F
35. The conclusion of a valid argument can be false.
Answer: T
36. Premises are reasons given in support of the conclusion.
Answer: T
37. An argument can be said to be true or false.
Answer: F
38. Logic is the study of arguments.
Answer: T
39. An argument with all true premises must be valid.
Answer: F
40. Language can be used to give reports as well as be used to make arguments.
Answer: T
41. Premises are not the reasons given to support the main point of an argument.
Answer: F
42. No arguments with false premises are sound.
Answer: T
43. The content of an argument is the part of the argument that makes assertions.
Answer: T
44. A valid argument cannot have a false conclusion.
Answer: F
45. Some arguments do not have a conclusion.
Answer: F
46. Sound arguments can be invalid.
Answer: F
47. Epistemology is the part of philosophy that studies what we can know.
Answer: T
48. Statements are valid or invalid.
Answer: F
49. A sound argument can have a false conclusion.
Answer: F
50. A valid argument will always have a true conclusion.
Answer: F
51. A valid argument can have a true conclusion.
Answer: T
52. The conclusion of an argument is the statement that provides support or gives reasons.
Answer: F
53. The conclusion of a valid argument can be true.
Answer: T
54. Claiming that an argument is valid makes an assertion about the inferential claim of the argument.
Answer: T
55. Premises are reasons given in support of the conclusion.
Answer: T
56. A valid argument may have true premises.
Answer: T
57. Premises are the reasons given to support the main point of an argument.
Answer: T
58. Logic exclusively studies deductive arguments.
Answer: F
59. It is possible for an argument with a fallacy to have a true conclusion.
Answer: T
60. Arguments make factual and inferential claims.
Answer: T
61. Valid arguments can have a false conclusion.
Answer: T
62. Claiming that an argument is valid makes an assertion about the form of the argument.
Answer: T
63. The form of an argument is the part of the argument that makes assertions.
Answer: F
64. A sound argument always has a true conclusion.
Answer: T
65. A deductive argument is one in which the conclusion is highly likely to be true if the premises are true.
Answer: F
66. Invalid arguments can have all true premises and a false conclusion.
Answer: T
67. Informal logic examines the structure of the argument.
Answer: F
68. A sound argument can be an invalid argument.
Answer: F
Fill in the blanks
It is possible to use language to do many things like make arguments and
(69) _________________. An argument that makes a good inference is said to be
(70) _________________, while an argument that makes a good inference and has all true premises is said to be (71) _________________. This would be a good argument. In any argument, the statement that follows words like “since” and “because” indicate the
(72) _________________ of the argument, and words like “therefore” and “thus” are
(73) _________________ (2 words).
Answers: (69) give alternative answers/explanations/report information; (70) valid;
(71) sound; (72) premises; (73) conclusion indicators
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