Vanguard Energy Fund Prospectus

Prospectus Supplement Dated June 20, 2023

Important Changes to Vanguard's Frequent Trading Policy

The Board of Trustees of the Vanguard Funds have approved certain changes to the Vanguard Funds Frequent Trading Policy, applicable to trades having a trade date of June 21, 2023, or later, as follows:

Prospectus Text Changes In the Investing with Vanguard section, under the heading "Frequent-Trading Limitations," the following bullet points are added under "These frequent-trading limitations do not apply to the following": ? Certain transactions below dollar value or other thresholds specified by Vanguard. ? In-kind transactions to a shareholder's donor advised fund managed by Vanguard Charitable.

In the same section, the following text replaces corresponding similar text in its entirety under "For participants in employer-sponsored defined contribution plans,* the frequent-trading limitations do not apply to":

*The following Vanguard fund accounts are also subject to the frequent-trading limitations: SEP-IRAs, SIMPLE IRAs, certain individual 403(b)(7) Custodial Accounts, and Vanguard Individual 401(k) Plans.

? 2023 The Vanguard Group, Inc. All rights reserved. Vanguard Marketing Corporation, Distributor.

PS FTPA 062023

Vanguard Energy Fund Prospectus

May 25, 2023 Investor Shares & AdmiralTM Shares Vanguard Energy Fund Investor Shares (VGENX) Vanguard Energy Fund Admiral Shares (VGELX)

This prospectus contains financial data for the Fund through the fiscal year ended January 31, 2023. The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Contents

Fund Summary

1 Investing With Vanguard

26

More on the Fund

7 Purchasing Shares

26

The Fund and Vanguard

16 Converting Shares

29

Investment Advisor

17 Redeeming Shares

31

Dividends, Capital Gains, and Taxes

18 Exchanging Shares

35

Share Price

22 Frequent-Trading Limitations

35

Financial Highlights

24 Other Rules You Should Know

38

Fund and Account Updates

42

Employer-Sponsored Plans

43

Contacting Vanguard

44

Additional Information

45

Glossary of Investment Terms

47

Fund Summary

Investment Objective The Fund seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation.

Fees and Expenses The following table describes the fees and expenses you may pay if you buy, hold, and sell Investor Shares or Admiral Shares of the Fund. You may pay other fees, such as brokerage commissions and other fees to financial intermediaries, which are not reflected in the table and example below.

Shareholder Fees (Fees paid directly from your investment)

Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Purchases Purchase Fee Sales Charge (Load) Imposed on Reinvested Dividends Redemption Fee Account Service Fee Per Year (for certain fund account balances below $1,000,000)

Investor Shares None None None None

$20

Admiral Shares None None None None

$20

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (Expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

Management Fees 12b-1 Distribution Fee Other Expenses Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

Investor Shares 0.44% None 0.02% 0.46%

Admiral Shares 0.36% None 0.02% 0.38%

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Examples

The following examples are intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund's Investor Shares or Admiral Shares with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. They illustrate the hypothetical expenses that you would incur over various periods if you were to invest $10,000 in the Fund's shares. These examples assume that the shares provide a return of 5% each year and that total annual fund operating expenses remain as stated in the preceding table. You would incur these hypothetical expenses whether or not you were to redeem your investment at the end of the given period. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

Investor Shares Admiral Shares

1 Year $47 $39

3 Years $148 $122

5 Years $258 $213

10 Years $579 $480

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or "turns over" its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in more taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual fund operating expenses or in the previous expense examples, reduce the Fund's performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate was 16% of the average value of its portfolio.

Principal Investment Strategies Under normal circumstances, the Fund invests at least 80% of its assets in the common stocks of companies principally engaged in activities in the energy industry, such as the exploration, production, and transmission of energy or energy fuels; the making and servicing of component products for such activities; energy research; and energy conservation or pollution control. The Fund may invest in foreign stocks as part of its principal investment strategy.

Principal Risks An investment in the Fund could lose money over short or long periods of time. You should expect the Fund's share price and total return to fluctuate within a wide range. The Fund is subject to the following risks, which could affect the Fund's performance:

? Industry concentration risk, which is the chance that there will be particular problems affecting an entire industry. Any fund that concentrates in a particular industry will generally be more volatile than a fund that invests more broadly. Because the Fund normally invests at least 80% of its assets in the common

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