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4457700-57150000Name__________________________________Period________Date___________________________________Directions 1. Read the following passages about WWII, The Age of Exploration, and the Ottoman Empire. 2. Create your own time line based off of the information in each passage. Be careful to place all dates and events in the correct chronological order.England and France Declare WarIn 1939, Adolf Hitler decided to move on Poland. He had already conquered Austria and Czechoslovakia. When Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union, they agreed not to attack each other. Secretly, they also agreed to split Poland between them. This deal removed the threat of the Soviets attacking Germany from the east. So, on September 1st, the German army invaded Poland in a surprise attack. Using planes, tanks, and troops, it moved suddenly in a technique called blitzkrieg, or “lightning war.” Britain and France declared war, but Poland fell before they could help. On September 17, after secret agreement with Hitler, Stalin invaded eastern Poland. Stalin then began annexing the regions covered in a second part of the agreement. Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia fell without a struggle. However, Finland fought back. In March 1940, Finland was forced to surrender. For seven months after Poland fell to the Germans, Europe was calm. France and Britain got their armies ready. They waited for Hitler’s next move.In 1939, Adolf Hitler decided to move on Poland. He had already conquered Austria and Czechoslovakia. When Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union, they agreed not to attack each other. Secretly, they also agreed to split Poland between them. This deal removed the threat of the Soviets attacking Germany from the east. So, on September 1st, the German army invaded Poland in a surprise attack. Using planes, tanks, and troops, it moved suddenly in a technique called blitzkrieg, or “lightning war.” Britain and France declared war, but Poland fell before they could help. On September 17, after secret agreement with Hitler, Stalin invaded eastern Poland. Stalin then began annexing the regions covered in a second part of the agreement. Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia fell without a struggle. However, Finland fought back. In March 1940, Finland was forced to surrender. For seven months after Poland fell to the Germans, Europe was calm. France and Britain got their armies ready. They waited for Hitler’s next move.*Use the space below for your timeline.__________________________________________________________________________Portugal and Spain Lead the Age of Exploration-45720014605The first nation to develop and use the caravel and the magnetic compass was Portugal. Prince Henry was committed to the idea of exploring. In 1419, he started a school of navigation. Sea captains, mapmakers, and navigators met and exchanged ideas there. Over the next few decades, Portuguese captains sailed farther and farther down the west coast of Africa. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias reached the southern tip of Africa. Ten years later, Vasco da Gama led a ship around Africa, to India, and back. The Portuguese had found a sea route to Asia. The Spanish, meanwhile, had plans of its own. Christopher Columbus convinced the king and queen that he could reach Asia by sailing west. In 1492, instead of landing in Asia, Columbus touched land in the islands of the Americas. Spain and Portugal argued over which nation had the rights to the land that Columbus had claimed. In 1494, they signed the Treaty of Tordesillas. It divided the world into two areas. Portugal won the right to control the eastern parts—including Africa, India, and other parts of Asia. Spain got the western parts—including most of the Americas.00The first nation to develop and use the caravel and the magnetic compass was Portugal. Prince Henry was committed to the idea of exploring. In 1419, he started a school of navigation. Sea captains, mapmakers, and navigators met and exchanged ideas there. Over the next few decades, Portuguese captains sailed farther and farther down the west coast of Africa. In 1488, Bartolomeu Dias reached the southern tip of Africa. Ten years later, Vasco da Gama led a ship around Africa, to India, and back. The Portuguese had found a sea route to Asia. The Spanish, meanwhile, had plans of its own. Christopher Columbus convinced the king and queen that he could reach Asia by sailing west. In 1492, instead of landing in Asia, Columbus touched land in the islands of the Americas. Spain and Portugal argued over which nation had the rights to the land that Columbus had claimed. In 1494, they signed the Treaty of Tordesillas. It divided the world into two areas. Portugal won the right to control the eastern parts—including Africa, India, and other parts of Asia. Spain got the western parts—including most of the Americas.*Use the space below for your timeline______________________________________________________________________________The Ottoman Empire Expands-262255181610In Anatolia, the four sons of the last sultan fought for control of the empire. Mehmed I won control. His son and the four sultans who came after him brought the Ottoman Empire to its greatest power. One of them—Mehmed II—took power in 1451. He built a force of 100,000-foot soldiers and 125 ships to gain control of Constantinople. In 1453, he took the city and the waterway it controlled. Mehmed made the city his capital. He renamed it Istanbul. The rebuilt city became home to people from all over the Ottoman Empire. Other emperors used conquest to make the empire grow. After 1514, Selim the Grim took Persia, Syria, and Palestine. He then captured Arabia, took the Muslim holy cities of Medina and Mecca, and gained control of Egypt.00In Anatolia, the four sons of the last sultan fought for control of the empire. Mehmed I won control. His son and the four sultans who came after him brought the Ottoman Empire to its greatest power. One of them—Mehmed II—took power in 1451. He built a force of 100,000-foot soldiers and 125 ships to gain control of Constantinople. In 1453, he took the city and the waterway it controlled. Mehmed made the city his capital. He renamed it Istanbul. The rebuilt city became home to people from all over the Ottoman Empire. Other emperors used conquest to make the empire grow. After 1514, Selim the Grim took Persia, Syria, and Palestine. He then captured Arabia, took the Muslim holy cities of Medina and Mecca, and gained control of Egypt.*Use the space below for your timeline._____________________________________________________________________________QuestionsWhy do you think historians (people who study history) use chronological order?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Does creating a timeline of history help or hurt your understanding of the above passages? Please explain your answer. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ................
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