Plants Chapter 21-29 - Alabama Learning Exchange (ALEX)
Plants Chapter 21-29
AHSGE Std. 10
[pic]
|Nonvascular Plants- Reproduction and survival depend on water. They must live in moist environments. Ex: mosses, liverwarts, hornwarts. |
| |
|Fill out this chart Using pg. 577 in the book. |
| |Division |Origins |Adaptations |
|Plants | | | |
|Nonvascular |Mosses, Liverworts, Hornworts | Liverworts were the first land plants. |Have rhizoids to help anchor the stem in |
| | | |soil. |
| | |Originated 440 million Years ago. |Grow in clumps or masses |
| | | | |
|Non-seed Vascular |club moss |Devonian Period |- have leaves that form structures that |
| |Horse tails |375 million yrs ago |protect reproductive cells. |
| |Ferns | | |
| | | | |
|Seed Vascular |Cycads |360 million yrs ago during the Paleozoic |seeds surrounded by a fruit or carried on|
| |Ginkgo Biloba |Era. |scales of a cone. |
| |Gnetophyta |Conifers= 250 million yrs ago. |Can grow in a wide variety of habitats. |
| |Conifers | | |
| |Anthophyta | | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
Vascular Plants
Examples: Ferns, Club mosses
• Vascular tissue—tissue in plant that transports food/water
• Vascular refers to veins.
• Xylem: transports water and minerals
• Phloem: transports food/nutrients
• not all plants have vascular tissue
• Is a basis for dividing plants into different phyla
Seedless Vascular Plants
• have vascular system, but do not produce seeds
• ex: fern
• Leaves= fronds
• Produce spores
• 3 divisions
• Lycophyta – club mosses
• Arthrophyta- horsetails
• Pterophyta- ferns
Vascular Seed Plants
• Seed—protective structure where embryonic plant can be stored until conditions are favorable for growth.
• Two types of seed plants
• Gymnosperms (4 phyla)
• Angiosperms (1 large phylum)
Gymnosperms
Seeds are not protected by a fruit
• Examples:
• Ginkgo biloba
• Conifers—plants with seeds inside cones and needle-like leaves
• Pines, firs, cedars, redwoods
Angiosperms
Flowering Plants
• Seeds are protected by fruit
• Produce fruits with 1 or more seeds
• Fruit—ripened ovary of flower
• Fruit aid in seed dispersal
• Examples: maple trees, apple trees, wildflowers, herbs, azaleas, grass, oak trees, poplar trees
• Two types of Angiosperms
• Monocot
• Ex: corn, grass
• Dicot
• Ex. trees, shrubs, sunflowers , most flowers
[pic][pic]
Flower Structure
Plant Adaptations to Living on Land
• cuticles—_waxy coating on the outside of plant that prevents water loss
• Leaves—broad flat structures (usually) that trap light for photosynthesis
• Roots—structures that allow plants to obtain water/nutrients from soil
• Stem- plant organ that provides support for growth and food storage.
• spores and seeds—structures that keep reproductive cells from drying out.
• Xylem- transports water & dissolved substances
• Phloem—transports dissolved food/nutrients.
Plant Tissues
• Stomata-Controls the exchange of gases; Helps control water loss.
• Guard Cells-control the opening & closingof the stomata
• Flowers are reproductive structures for angiosperms
• Produce fruit and seeds
[pic]
Process of Angiosperm Reproduction
• Pollination—transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma
• Happens before fertilization
• Pollen is transferred to stigma by wind or animals
• After pollen lands, a pollen tube grows
• Pollen tube—extension that allows sperm to reach egg inside ovary
• Angiosperms have “double fertilization” meaning one sperm fertilizes egg and other sperm joins with another cell to form endosperm (nutrients).
• Seeds contain both endosperm and embryonic plant
-----------------------
Characteristics
• Multicellular
• ________________
• Photosynthetic
• 6CO2 + 6H20 + Light energy C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2.
• Have cell walls made of _________________.
One cotyledons
Vascular
Have roots, stem, leaves, xylem, and Phloem.
Nonvascular
Does not have vascular tissue or true roots leaves, or stems.
Characteristics
• Multicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Photosynthetic
• 6CO2 + 6H20 + Light energy C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2.
• Have cell walls made of Cellulose.
2 Categories of Plants
In multiples of 3’s
Usually netlike
In a ring
Petal
Structure: leaf like, usually colorful structures at top of stem
Function: attract pollinators
Sepal
S: leaf like, usually green structure that encircle flower stem below petal
F: to protect developing flower
Pistil
S: located at center of flower, top of stem
F: female reproductive part
Style—the “stalk” that supports stigma
Stigma—top of style; sticky or hairy structure that traps pollen grains
Ovary—enlarged base of pistil; contains one egg
Stamen
S: located inside of petals
F: male reproductive part
• Anther—top part of stamen, produces pollen
• Filament—“stalk” that supports anther
................
................
In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.
To fulfill the demand for quickly locating and searching documents.
It is intelligent file search solution for home and business.