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Human Body in Action: Interrelationship of the Body SystemsVideo NotesThe cell is the basic unit of the human body system.Cells form tissues and tissues form organs. Organs work together in a system.Skeletal System:Composed of 206 bonesRole of the skeletal system is to: protect organs (shield)store minerals (warehouse)produce blood in bone marrow (factory)movement of the bodyJoints are where two bones meet. They are covered by cartilage which prevents the bones from grinding together. Cartilage is also gives shape to our ears and nose.Ligaments hold bones together.Muscular System:Gives the body power and stabilityComposed of over 600 muscles that enable humans to run, jump, and stand.Muscles contract (shorten) and relax (extend/lengthen). Examples: biceps and tricepsSmiling requires 30 separate muscles.Muscles movement is voluntary (you control) or involuntary (automatic, you do not control). The majority of the muscles are voluntary.The heart is the most important voluntary muscle. It beats more than 2 billion times over a life span.Circulatory System:The heart is the involuntary muscle that is the core of the circulatory system.Blood is delivery and pick up service of the circulatory system. It brings nutrients and oxygen to the heart and takes waste products away from the heart.There are three types of blood vessels that move materials around in the body. Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the other parts of the body. Veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart (and lungs). Capillaries connect arteries and veins.Respiratory System:Gas exchange system of the bodyOxygen is brought in and carbon dioxide is expelled as a waste gas.Lungs are the main organ of the system. They contain alveoli, 300 million balloon sacs that carry oxygen from the air.Lungs are the crossroads between the circulatory and respiratory systems.Digestive System:Main job is to breakdown food into nutrients that the cells can absorb and use.Starts in the mouth with the teeth and saliva; food moves to the stomach and then to the small intestines where useable nutrients are absorbed into the blood to be used by all body cells.Excretory System:Works with the digestive system as the “wizard” of wasteEliminates the body’s waste from digestion and cellular waste productsWaste gases are exhaled through the lungs.Kidneys expel liquid waste as urine.Perspiration (sweat) eliminates excess liquids and saltsSolid waste is eliminated through the anus.Without the excretory system, poisons would build up within the body.Body Blast from the Past:Greeks believed that the heart produced the heat for the body and that arteries contained air.Andre Vesalias is considered the “Father of Anatomy” because he studied the body through dissection to learn about the functions of organs and systems. Immune System:Protects from pathogens by fighting disease and infectionEquips the body with barriers; weapons that find the pathogens are saliva, mucus, tears and stomach juicesWhite blood cells (WBC) release antibodiesAntibodies are special WBC’s that seek out germs and attack them.WBC are a good example of how the body systems work together. They are a part of blood from bone marrow and are also produced in organs of the Immune system.Nervous System:Controls all other body systemsBrain is the command central to the nervous system.Some brain functions are: Reasoning, speaking, emotional feelings (love, creativity, memory, dreamingControls balance and coordinates movementsRegulates heartbeat and breathingSpinal cord connects with the rest of the body. It is the “original information highway”Place from which electrochemical signals originateEndocrine System:Uses chemical messages in the form of hormones to carry instructions to all of the body systems.Functions:GrowthControls metabolism (release of stored energy)Releases hormones that trigger the Reproductive system to developReproductive System:Is essential for the survival of the entire human species.The only body system that is not essential for the survival of an individual. ................
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