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Elisa WeberNov 25, 2016 WEEK 8: FOUNDATIONS IN MIDWIFERY I ASSIGNMENT 2: A BOOK FOR MIDWIVES IIA. Read chapter 7 in A Book for MidwivesB. Answer thoroughly and completely:In the past you have discussed taking a history a prenatal. Assuming you could only conduct an oral history, what are the 5 most important questions to ask?Has she had any other pregnancies, and children?Has she had any miscarriages, abortions?Where there any problems with her last pregnancies or births?Any chronic health problems?Have you had any medical procedures, or complications?Do they differ from a culture that does not have an oral tradition? Why or why not?They defiantly differ from a culture without oral tradition. This is because not all cultures talk opening, or educate openly like the west. Some women may not even have any understanding of why or when things occur to her body. For example when she is ovulation, or when her last period occurred. This changes the game entirely, and the set of questions you would ask. What information is most vital to know now? What can be learned at a later visit? What is unimportant?Her past pregnancies, complications, and labor. How she is doing now, her current health, any major health issues such as STD’s or diseases. Any personal issues, such as abuse, personal relationships can wait till later until a relationship has formed between you and the mother. Any other detail to her health or other situations that you have been made known about can come later as well. C. Read chapter 8 in A Book for MidwivesD. Answer the following:What are the three main parts to a prenatal checkup?Talking with the motherChecking her bodyChecking the baby within herWhat will you observe about her general health?You want to pay attention to how she looks, sounds, and feels is she healthy, happy? Does she have energy? Is she ill? Can she move, talk, think clearly? What about her physical appearance, are their rashes, sores, bruises? Does she seem distant, or happy?What questions will you ask during a routine prenatal visit and why do you ask each of these questions?Has she had any nausea or vomiting, severe vomiting can cause slow weight gain and may cause baby to be malnourished. Does she feel weak, this is very normal but if it continues for a long time there could be other problems at hand for example anemia. Has she had any bleeding, this could be fatal depending on how much or if accompanied with pain. You would want to rule out miscarriage. Has she had any unusual pain in her belly, back, or legs? This could also lead to complications such as kidney infection, miscarriage, or womb infection. Does she have shortness of breath? This can usually point to other issues, such as asthma, lung infection, anemia, heart problems. List all of the warning signs you might see during a prenatal visit.If she looks, sounds, and feels unhappy or unhealthy. If she has severe vomiting, unable to keep any food down. If she feels week or tired all the time. If bleeding is occurring as much as her monthly, it’s painful, or no pain after the second half of pregnancy. If she has severe cramps in her belly for the first 6 months, constant pain that goes through her sides to her back, any belly pain accompanied with fever. Lots of shortness of breath, accompanied with other signs of illness. Her weight gain, is she gaining anything, a sudden surge, is she overweight? If she has a temp of 100.4 degrees or above If her pulse is 100 or more BPM while resting. If her BP is over 140 or below 90. Look for high BP, protein in the urine to rule out pre-eclampsia. Bladder infection, pain or burning while urinating, protein in the urine. What will you check on her body?Check for diabetes, if she is overweight, has frequent yeast infections, and thirsty all the time. Next would be anemia, look to see if she is pale inside of her eyelids, dizzy, weak. Then check for signs of poor nutrition or lack of iodine. This will be characterized by no desire to eat, not gaining weight, weakness, stomach problems. Check her temp, weight, pulse, blood pressure, tap her back to see if there is a kidney infection, and the baby within her womb. According to this text, the normal range of blood pressure is ____/____ to ____/____.90/60….140/90High blood pressure is considered _____/____ or more.140/90According to the text, a normal respiration rate is ____ to _____ breaths per minute.12 to 16Rapid breathing can be a sign of ____, _____, ____, ____, ______, or nervousness.Allergies, anemia, heart problems, tuberculosis, asthma, nervousness. According to the text, an average pulse is between ____ and ____ beats per minute.60 and 80E. Read pp. 99-101 as well as chapter 18 in A Book for MidwivesF. Answer the following:What is the difference between HIV and AIDS?HIV can be treated, signs and symptoms could be rare but it does cause a weak immune system. AIDS on the other hand causes someone to lose their ability to fight infections so much that they develop quite a few rare and serious illnesses that do not occur with HIV, and cannot be treated. Where does HIV live?Blood, breast milk, vaginal secretions, semen.How is HIV spread?Through sexual intercourse with someone who is infected. An infected mother to her unborn baby or if she breast feeds. Through dirty instruments such as needles or cutting tools. Can you tell if someone has HIV or AIDS from a routine prenatal check?You would need to do a thorough blood test in order to truly know. But those with HIV may be itchy, and have small dry white or brown bumps around the genitals or anus. How do you protect yourself from HIV and AIDS?Use protection such as a condom during intercourse if HIV status is present or unknown. Do not use syringes, needles or other tools that could be dirty. Always sterilize these tools, especially those that are used for piercings, acupuncture, tattoos, scarring, or circumcision. How can midwives help stop HIV and AIDS?Midwives can encourage testing of both HIV and AIDS. They are capable of helping women who are positive plan their pregnancy carefully. They provide education to teach women how not to get pregnant, safe sex and contraceptives. Besides her own health, what problems can HIV and AIDS cause in pregnancy?It can lead to miscarriage, bleeding, a possible early birth. She will not be able to breast feed, and the infection may occur after birth. Can the growing baby be protected from also being infected with HIV?Medication is available that can protect baby during pregnancy, it must be taken every day at the same time though to work well. G. Read chapter 20 in A Book for MidwivesH. Answer the following:What is gonorrhea and chlamydia?Both are two very serious sexually transmitted infections, that can cause an array of uncomfortable symptoms. This is both dangerous to mother and baby. How is it transmitted?It is transmitted through unsafe sex with an infected partner. But there is a possibility it could not even be transferred at all. What are the signs and symptoms of each infection in the female?She may experience yellow or green discharge from the vagina or anus. Pain or burning while urinating, fever, pain in the lower belly. There could be pain or bleeding during sex, as well as a possibility of no signs at all. What are the signs and symptoms of each infection in the male?He could experience discharge from the penis. Pain or burning while urinating. There could be pain or swelling of his testicles. Or no signs at all. How is each infection diagnosed?Samples are collected from the cervix with a swab, as well as the urethra and anus. Both are bacterial infections and so this swab will tell for both. How is each infection treated?Chlamydia: take 500mg of erythromycin by mouth 4x a day for 7 days. Or 500mg of amoxicillin by mouth 3x a day for 7 days. Gonorrhea: inject 125mg of ceftriaxone in the muscle, one time. Or give 400mg of cefixime by mouth one time. What harm can each infection cause to a fetus and baby?Both can pass to the baby during birth, this can cause infection in their eyes. Which may even lead to blindness, or serious lung problems. Thick yellow discharge will occur from their eyes and mouth. What are the signs of a chancroid?There may be one or more soft, painful sores on the genitals or anus that bleed easy. Enlarged, painful glands in the groin. They could have a slight fever. How can you tell the difference between a chancroid and genital herpes?Chancroid causes soft sores on the skin. Whereas genital herpes cause blisters that burst and turn into sores on the skin. What are the signs of genital herpes?You may experience tingling, itching or pain on the genitals. Small blisters could appear that will burst and form painful open sores on the genitals. What is the treatment for genital herpes?You can ice the sores, soak a cloth with black tea put that to the sores. Sit in a pan or bath of cool water, make a baking soda or cornstarch past to put on sores. Apply witch hazel or a local plant that helps make the skin dry. First for the initial outbreak: give 400mg of acyclovir by the mouth 3x for a day for 7-10 days. If it continues: give 400mg of the same medication by mouth 3x a day for 5 days. For a women with more that 6 outbreaks a year: give 400mg of the same meds by mouth 2x a day for at least a year. Pregnant mom: 400mg of the same meds 2x a day for the last month of pregnancy.To help with the pain specifically: give 500-1000mg of paracetamol, by mouth every 4 hours. Can genital herpes be cured?No unfortunately there is no cure, but the symptoms can become less and less severe with time if taken care of. What is HPV?It is a virus, STI, that causes warts to grow on the genitals or anus. They are not dangerous just uncomfortable. What are the signs of pelvic inflammatory disease?Pain in the lower belly, high fever of more than 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Feeling very ill or weak, bad-smelling green or yellowish discharge from the vagina, pain or bleeding during intercourse. When is discharge from the vagina normal?When discharge is clear, white, and thin and does not have any foul smell. As well if it is minimal, are all signs of healthy discharge.How is yeast diagnosed?The presence of white, lumpy, sticky discharge, itchy, burning while urinating, and foul smell from the discharge are all obvious ways to diagnose. How is bacterial vaginosis (BV) diagnosed?There is a distinct fishy smell from the vagina, especially after intercourse. And more discharge then her normal. How is yeast treated?There are natural remedies that include mixing vinegar or yogurt with clean warm water and having her sit in it 2x a day. Or she can try mixing 3 tablespoons of vinegar with 1 quart of boiled water. Soak a piece of cloth in this mixture and leave in her vagina overnight. There are other medications that you can leave in the vagina over night as well.Is yeast dangerous in pregnancy?No yeast is not dangerous in pregnancy but still best to treat sooner than later before the birth of the baby. They can contract thrush from a yeast infection. Is BV dangerous during pregnancy?Not usually dangerous during pregnancy, but it can cause the baby to contract an infection after the birth. ................
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