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A Level PsychologyIssues and Debates350520109664500Examples BookletContentsYou need to be able to critically consider a wide range of issues and debates that weave their way through every topic in psychology. Paper 1, Section E comprises two extended response questions ( an 8 and a 12 marker), on issues and debates and therefore you will need to pay careful attention to these as they arise naturally within our teaching. You will revise all of the issues and debates towards the end of Year 13 but for now is is important to collect examples as and when they arise.Here is the full list of issues and debates that you need to be able to write about:EthicsPractical issues in the design and implementation of researchReductionismComparisons between ways of explaining behaviour using different themesPsychology as a scienceCulture and genderNature/Nurture DebateUnderstanding how psychological knowledge has developed over timeIssues of social control The use of psychological knowledge in society Issues relating to socially sensitive researchEthicsKey AO1 for this Issue/DebateStudies to use as examples Practical issues in the design and implementation of researchKey AO1 for this Issue/DebateStudies to use as examples ReductionismKey AO1 for this Issue/DebateStudies to use as examples Theories to be used as examplesComparisons between ways of explaining behaviour using different themesKey conceptsEvaluationBiologicalFor:Against:Learning For:Against:SocialFor:Against:CognitiveFor:Against:Psychology as a ScienceKey ConceptsElaborationLinks to studies/TheoriesHypothetico-deductive approachFalsifiabilityReplicability (standardised procedure)Quantitative dataObjectivity/empiricismManipulation of IV whilst measuring DV (eliminate confounding variables) thus increasing internal validity (reductionism)Culture and GenderKey AO1 for this Issue/DebateStudies to use as examples Theories to be used as examplesEthnocentrismAndrocentrismAlpha biasBeta biasEticEmicNature/Nurture DebateSituational versus dispositional explanations for behaviour, e.g. does destructive behaviour result from immediate situation (nurture) as Mischel etc would have us believe or does it result from individuals differences which can be linked to culture/gender socialisation and upbringing (nurture) or underlying genetic predispositions towards certain personality traits (nature), chemical imbalances leading to aggression which is vented following frustration, etc.Key AO1 for this Issue/DebateElaboration Studies/Theories to be used as examplesNatureNurtureDiathesis-Stress ModelEpigeneticsNeuroplasticityMZ/DZ Twin StudiesCross cultural studiesUnderstanding how psychological knowledge has developed over timeTopic AreaEarly ResearchContemporary ResearchSocialCognitiveBiologicalLearningClinicalCriminologicalIssues of social controlTopic AreaAO1 AO3SocialLatane and social engineeringCognitiveIntelligence testing (Lewis Terman)BiologicalEugenics as noted aboveLearning Classical conditioning: Aversion therapy and conversion therapy, operant conditioning, Skinner’s novel “Walden Two”ClinicalThe use of psychological knowledge in societyTopic AreaAO1 AO3SocialCognitiveBiologicalLearning ClinicalIssues relating to socially sensitive researchStudies in which there are potential social consequences or implications either directly for participants or for the class of individuals represented in the research, (Sieber and Stanley, 1988)People that can be affected by SSR other than Pps:Families , friends of PpsGroups (religious, ethnic) that the Pps belong toResearchersResearch institutions where the research was conductedTopic AreaAO1 AO3SocialCognitiveBiologicalLearning Clinical ................
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