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Slide 1

Breakout Session #4.5

Pedestrian Facilities and Transit

–Working Together

• Linda Osiecki and Joe Ellis

• Leadership Network

[Image: people on a side walk, a person in a wheel chair and a man with a suitcase waiting to get on the bus]

Slide 2

ADA Trainer Network Modules 1a, 1b

A Snapshot of the ADA

[Images: Cornell University logo, ADA logo]

Slide 3

Information, materials, and/or technical assistance are intended solely as informal guidance, and are neither a determination of your legal rights or responsibilities under the ADA, nor binding on any agency with enforcement responsibility under ADA.

The Mid-Atlantic ADA Center is authorized by the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research (NIDRR) to provide information, materials, and technical assistance to individuals and entities that are covered by the ADA. The contents of this document were developed under grant from the Department of Education, NIDRR grant number H133 A110020. However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by Federal Government.

Slide 4

In summary: Legislative timeline

1964—Civil Rights Act (did not include disability)

1968—Architectural Barriers Act (ABA)

1973—Rehabilitation Act

1975—Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act (IDEA)

1976—Higher Education Act Amendment (to include students with disabilities)

1986—Air Carrier Access Act

1988—Fair Housing Amendments Act

1990—Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

2008—ADA Amendments Act signed into law

[Image of a gold weight measuring scale]

Slide 5

Access Board: PROW Guidelines Timeline

1990—Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

1991—ADAAG –buildings and sites

2001—PROW Access Advisory Committee Report

2002—draft PROWAG

2005—draft PROWAG

2008—ADA Amendments Act signed into law

2011—draft PROWAG

2013—PROW Shared Use Path Supplement

2015—PROWAG submitted to OMB for final regulatory assessment

[Image: people in wheelchairs are lined up on the sidewalk; another group of people are walking next to them]

Slide 6

Research and Guidelines Still Needed



NCHRP 834

NCHRP 222

CAIT Detour to the Right Place

• Technology

• Transportation Layouts

-Bike slip lanes

-Crossings for Pedestrians with Vision Impairments

• Pedestrians/Transit Riders with Intellectual Disabilities

• Pedestrians/Transit Riders with Autism

[Image: photo of a trail with a pedestrian crossing sign]

Slide 7

AASHTO Green Book

2011 –6th edition

2004 -5th edition

2001 -4th edition

1954, 1956, 1957, 1965,

1967, 1969, 1973, 1984,

1990, 1991, 1994

[Image: cover of the book A policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets 2011 6th Edition”

Slide 8

MUTCD

Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices

2009

2003

2000

1988

1978

1971

1961

1948

1942

1935

[Images: three different covers of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices]

Slide 9

Transportation Research Board (TRB) Annual Meeting

2017 = 96th Annual Meeting

[Image: two men standing behind an image that says Mythbusters in grey and orange]

Slide 10

A Snapshot: The Spirit of the ADA

Discrimination

Barriers

“The ADA is the civil rights act of the future. “Justin Dart, Jr., A founder of the ADA

“…The world’s first comprehensive declaration of equality for people with disabilities.”

President George Bush, upon signing the ADA into law on July 26, 1990

[Image: Former President George Bush signing the ADA into law]

Slide 11

The ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA):

An Act of Congress that amended the ADA of 1990

Signed into law January 1, 2009

Regulations posted June, 2011*

*

[Image: members of congressing outside addressing a crowd]

Slide 12

Growing Awareness 27 & Counting!!

[Images: words in red and blue that say ADA/ 25 Disability Rights are Civil Rights. A group of people standing in front of a bus that says The Road to Freedom]

Slide 13

Enforcement

[Image: a guard and two men behind bars in a cell, the photo is in black and white]

Slide 14

ADA National Network

Module 5a

People with Disabilities:

• America’s Largest Minority

Slide 15

• 1 in 5 Americans has a disability (Brault, 2008)

• This population is growing due to aging, war-related injuries, and better identification and treatments

• Public entities have a responsibility to ensure their buildings and programs are accessible (i.e. physically, programmatically, web, etc.)

• Private businesses must also ensure access to their offerings

• People with different disabilities have different needs to consider when designing facilities, implementing programs, and providing services

Slide 16

15–24 Years 10.4% Brault, 2008

[Image: figures of about 50 men and women. Five figures are highlighted in red]

Slide 17

25–44 Years 11.4% Brault 2008

[Image: figures of about 50 men and women. Six figures are highlighted in red]

Slide 18

45–54 Years 19.4% Brault, 2008

[Image: figures of about 50 men and women. 10 figures are highlighted in red]

Slide 19

55–64 Years 30.1% Brault, 2008

[Image: figures of about 50 men and women. 13 figures are highlighted in red]

Slide 20

65–69 Years 37.4% Brault, 2008

[Image: figures of about 50 men and women. 20 figures are highlighted in red]

Slide 21

70–74 Years 43.8% Brault, 2008

[Image: figures of about 50 men and women. 24 figures are highlighted in red]

Slide 22

75–79 Years 55.9% Brault, 2008

[Image: figures of about 50 men and women. 27 figures are highlighted in red]

Slide 23

ADA Trainer Network

Module 2e

Everyone is Different:

A Review of Types of Disabilities

Slide 24

About Specific Disabilities

• Neurological disabilities

• Physical and Mobility disabilities

• Speech disabilities

• Learning disabilities

• Psychiatric disabilities

• Hearing disabilities

• Visual disabilities

• Intellectual disabilities

Slide 25

The Market Case for Accessible Meetings, Events and Conferences

Various Types of Disabilities

[Image: outline of people with several types of disabilities]

Slide 26

About Neurological Disabilities…

(e.g. Alzheimer’s, epilepsy, cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury, stroke)

May affect:

• Physical functioning

• Interactions with others

• Learning and memory

-The course and effects of the disability are unique to each individual

Slide 27

About Physical and Mobility Disabilities…

• Includes any impairment that impacts a person’s use of their body or limbs

• In 2002 there were 2.7 million wheelchair users

• In 2008 that number increased to 3.6 million

• 60% of wheelchair users are over age 65

• May involve using mobility devices, prosthetics, and other equipment to aid in performing manual tasks or moving around

Steimetz, 2006; , 2006

Slide 28

Walking Aids

[Images: different walking aids (canes, wheel chairs etc.)]

Slide 29

Barriers

[Image: people in wheelchairs are lined up on the sidewalk; another group of people are walking next to them]

Slide 30

Barriers

[Images: cars parked along the curb with houses in the distance. A man standing next to a fire hydrant]

Slide 31

About Learning Disabilities…

LD is a childhood disorder characterized by difficulty with certain skills such as reading or writing, and math computations.

LD may affect the ability to interpret what one sees or hears or the ability to link information from different parts of the brain.

Often LD is accompanied by other disorders, especially ADHD, which can compound the learning disability by making it difficult to listen, focus attention, or absorb new material.

Slide 32

About Intellectual Disabilities…

• Characterized by lower test of functional and mental ability

• 3 out of every 100 Americans (The Arc, 2001)

• About 87% of people with this disability will be only slightly below average in learning new things

• Can arise from a number of different causes

• Varying levels of intellectual disability also means varying levels of intellectual capability

• Not the same as mental illness

• Not always present with other developmental disabilities!

National Dissemination Center for Children with Disabilities

Slide 33

Further Research & Guidance

2016 TRB Session #479

CAIT of Rutgers

Travel Patterns, Needs, and Barriers of Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder:

A Report from a Survey

Detour to the Right Place



[Image: people sitting on a bus]

Slide 34

About Visual Disabilities…

• 1.8 million people have a severe visual impairment or blindness

• Varying levels of visual disability

• Not all people with visual disabilities read Braille

• Many new developments in IT aid people with visual disabilities

Steinmetz, 2006

Slide 35

Visual Disabilities…

People who have a severe visual impairment or blindness:

• D.C. –17, 400

• Delaware -19,500

• Maryland -116,400

• Pennsylvania -287,000

• Virginia –162,500

• West Virginia -79,900

Source: National Federation of the Blind, 2014

[Image: two men standing behind an image that says Mythbusters in grey and orange]

Slide 36

Visual Disabilities Some key points…

Give the person conversation cues:

-Identify yourself when you start to speak

-Say goodbye when you leave the conversation

Give the person a brief description of their surroundings

-“There’s a table about two feet in front of you. The door is about 5 feet away on our left.”

Ask them if they would like assistance and what kind

[Image: a gold key]

Slide 37

Normal Vision

[Image: outside of an old grey building]

Slide 38

Limited Vision

[Image: half of the outside of an old grey building, the other half of the picture is covered in black]

Slide 39

Macular Degeneration

[Image: old grey building, middle of the picture is covered in black]

Slide 40

Glaucoma

[Image: outside of an old grey building, majority of the picture is covered in black; the building is peeping through in five different areas]

Slide 41

Retinitis Pigmentosa

[Image: whole picture is black except for circular portion in the middle (tunnel vision)]. In the middle are three windows to a grey building]

Slide 42

Mobility Aids

• White Cane

• Guide Dog

-Seeing Eye Dog

-

[Images: four people crossing the street with canes. Man walking with guide dog]

Slide 43

[Image: man a woman walking on the sidewalk with a guide dog]

Slide 44

Barriers

[Image: a tree with flowers hanging over a sidewalk]

Slide 45

Barriers

[Image: a sidewalk in a construction zone]

Slide 46

About Hearing Disabilities…

• 1 million Americans have trouble hearing normal conversation; the number increase sharply with age

• About 30% of people over age 65 have difficulty hearing

• Human speech is often the most challenging sound

• Most difficult to hear when there are a lot of “ambient” sounds

• Hearing aids may not totally “fix” the problem

Steinmetz, 2006

Slide 47

Communication

Accessible Pedestrian Signals

[Image: push button to cross sign with instruction when to walk and when to not cross]

Slide 48

ADA Trainer Network

Module 5f

Title II –

Public Transportation

FTA -DOT Regulations

Slide 49

The Mission of the ADA

“…to assure equality of opportunity, full participation, independent living, and economic self-sufficiency to persons with disabilities.” US Congress

ACCESSIBLE TRANSPORTATION IS KEY TO FULFILLING THIS MISSION!

Barrier Removal –Integrated Public Service

[Image: a man in a wheelchair boarding a bus]

Slide 50

ADAAA -DOJ & DOT Regulations

ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) -Signed into law on September 25, 2008, became effective on January 1, 2009

DOJ –Title II & III final regulations published in the Federal Register on

Sept. 15, 2010, became effective on March 15, 2011

FTA-DOT –Title II & III final regulations published in the Federal Register on

Sept. 19, 2011 Became Effective on October 19, 2011

ada_req_ta.htm

fta.documents/ADA_Final_Rule_one_pager_9-28-11.pdf



[Image: a weight measure behind a stack of books]

Slide 51

ADA Transportation Regulations

FTA –DOT Proposed Guidance in Additional Chapters

Chapter on Vehicle Acquisition published in the Federal Register on Oct. 2, 2012

Chapters on: Introduction and Applicability, General Requirements, Equivalent Facilitation and Complementary Paratransit Services published on Federal Register on February 19, 2014

fta.legislation_law/12349_15846.html

[Image: woman in a wheelchair waiting to get off the bus]

Slide 52

ADA Transportation Regulations

Origin to Destination Service

Complementary paratransit service for ADA paratransit eligible persons shall be origin-to-destination service. With the exception of certain situations in which on-call bus service or feeder paratransit service is appropriate.

The decision about whether to offer door-to-door or curb-to-curb services for some individuals or locations is made by paratransit planners at the local level.

fta.12325_3891.html

[Image: a public transportation employee assisting a woman in a wheelchair]

Slide 53

DOT ADA Regulations…

To File a Complaint

Certified Mail:

Director, FTA Office of Civil Rights

East Building –5th Floor, TCR

1200 New Jersey Ave., SE Washington, DC 20590

Email: FTA.ADAAssistance@

ADA TA Line: 1-888-446-4511

accessibility

[Image: a man in a wheelchair on the phone sitting at a desk with his laptop open]

Slide 54

Additional Resource National Aging and Disability Transportation Center



[Image: a man with a can sitting on a bus]

Slide 55

Travel Destinations

[Image: pyramid, two men standing behind an image that says Mythbusters in grey and orange]

Slide 56

School

[Images: front William Penn High School. Delaware Technical Community college. Logo of a man riding a horse]

Slide 57

Work

[Image: outside of Chase building]

Slide 58

Shopping

[Image: the street entrance to a shopping center, cars waiting to turn]

Slide 59

Medical Treatment

[Images: the front of four different treatment centers]

Slide 60

Recreation

[Image: a playground in a park]

Slide 61

TCRP Report 163-2013

Sponsored by Federal Transit Administration

Strategy Guide to Enable and Promote the Use of Fixed-Route Transit by People with Disabilities

Google search: tcrp 163

[Image: cover of TCRP report 163]

Slide 62

FTA ADA Circular -2015

FTA (Federal Transit Administration)

Google search: FTA ADA circular



[Image: U.S. Department of Transportation logo]

Slide 63

Public Transportation

Shared passenger transport service available for use by the general public

• Fixed-route buses

• Paratransit

• Rail / subway

Slide 64

Fixed Route Bus Fleet 98% accessible

Source: Chapter 1, TCRP 163

[Image: a metro transit bus]

Slide 65

Why do people want to use fixed-route buses if available?

• Lower (or free) fare

• Reliable Schedule

• Set personal schedule for travel without hours or days of pre-planning

• Flexibility to travel when wanted

• Opportunity to travel with friends

• Independence

Source: Section 6.1, TCRP 163

Slide 66

Very Important Factors Negatively Affecting Use of Fixed Routes

1. Barriers in the pedestrian environment (pedestrian infrastructure) –48%

2. Distance to/from stops/stations –47%

3. Lack of information about potential barriers getting to/from stops/stations –39%

Source: TCRP 163

Slide 67

Types of Paratransit Eligibility

• Unconditional Eligibility –people not able to use fixed-route transit under any conditions

• Conditional Eligibility –people able to use fixed-route transit some of the time under certain conditions

• Temporary Eligibility –people with a temporary disability or health condition

Source: Section 9.1, TCRP 163

Slide 68

Paratransit Conditional Eligibility

Factors include:

• Path-of-travel barriers that prevent use of fixed route service

-Lack of sidewalks

-Lack of curb ramps

-Uneven or unstable surfaces

Source: Section 9.3.2, FTA ADA Circular

[Image: bus stop in adjacent to a small shopping center]

Slide 69

Paratransit Conditional Eligibility

Factors include:

• Intersections or streets individuals cannot cross safely

-Complex intersections

-Busy streets

-Wide streets

Source: Section 9.3.2, FTA ADA Circular

[Image: pedestrian walking with a red circle crossed through the middle over it. Cars driving down a street]

Slide 70

Operating Costs Per Trip National Average

• Bus trip -$3.60

• Paratransit $32.70

Therefore, potential cost savings of about $29 per trip

-$58 per round trip

-$3,016 per a year of one round trip each week

-$290 per five round trips in a week

-$15,080 per a year of five round trips each week

Source: Section 7.1 -TCRP 163 from 2011 National Transit Database

[Image: weekly calendar, brown suitcase]

Slide 71

Operating Costs Per Trip Regional

National Transit Database -2013

• D.C. –WMATA -$45.11

• Delaware –DTC -$48.19

• Maryland –MTA -$47.11

• Pennsylvania –SEPTA -$27

• Virginia –WATA -$96

• West Virginia –OVRTA -$58.41

[Images: two brown suitcases]

Slide 72

Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure Financial

Maryland Transit Administration

If one person transitioned from paratransit to fixed-route transit

• Simple improvement -e.g., minor sidewalk repair

-Averaged $7,000 per stop

-Costs recovered in 10 weeks

Source: Section 5.4 -TCRP 163

Slide 73

Benefits of Improving Pedestrian Infrastructure for Fixed Route Transit Pedestrian Safety

Montgomery County, Maryland

Comparing 2011 to 2000

• Pedestrian collisions decreased by 4%

• Pedestrian fatalities decreased by 39%

Source: Section 5.4 -TCRP 163

Slide 74

Suggested Strategies for Enabling and Promoting Use of Fixed Transit by People with Disabilities

A. Make Bus Stops and Pedestrian Environment as Usable as Possible

B. Develop Marketing and Public Information Materials; Offer Trip Planning and Travel Training Services

C. Consider Fare Incentives

D. Consider Alternative Transit Service Designs That Are More Inclusive and Serve All Riders

E. Use ADA Paratransit Eligibility Determination Process to Identify Travel Abilities

Source: TCRP 163

Slide 75

Pedestrian Infrastructure

“Every bus trip begins and ends with a pedestrian trip…”

Source: Chapter 5, TCRP 163

[Image: two men waiting to get on a bus, one is in a wheelchair]

Slide 76

[Image: a man using a jetpack in a blue suit, a man and woman walking in the cold with ice on the ground]

Slide 77

Bus Stops Near Intersections without a Pedestrian Crosswalk

[Image: map with four orange hand icons over the roads which are highlighted in green]

Slide 78

Pedestrian Infrastructure

• Bus stops

• Sidewalk / Shared Use Path

• Curb Ramps

• Pedestrian Pushbuttons and Pedestrian Signals

• Pedestrian Street Crossings

Slide 79

Basics of Route Analysis

C-Continuous Route / Path

B-Barriers

B-Bus Stop

[Image: CBS logo]

Slide 80

Route Analysis Continuous Route

[Imag

Slide 81

25 M.P.H. neighborhood street

[Image: google map view of a street surrounded by trees with houses in the distance]

Slide 82

35 M.P.H. local road

[Image: google map view of a double yellow lined street surrounded by trees with houses in the distance]

Slide 83

Increase in Pedestrian Fatalities

[Image: 24 M.P H. and 35 M.P.H street sign]

Slide 84

50 M.P.H. intersecting road

[Image: google map view of a street with houses in the distance]

Slide 85

50 M.P.H. road

[Image: google map view of a street next to a white picket fence with houses and a truck in the distance]

Slide 86

[Image: google map view of a street next to a small shopping center with houses and a truck in the distance]

Slide 87

[Image: google map view of a street next to a small shopping center with houses, gas station and a truck in the distance]

Slide 88

Route Analysis

Continuous Route / Path Barriers

[Image: Advertisement for Macgyver, bus route to a house on a map]

Slide 89

[Image: bus route to a house on a map]

Slide 90

25 M.P.H. neighborhood street

[Image: google map view of a street with houses on the side of the street]

Slide 91

Signalized intersection

Accessible Pedestrian Signals

[Image: crosswalk signal, mailbox on a corner]

Slide 92

Curb Ramp & Pedestrian Push button Aligned with Pedestrian Crossing

[Image: pedestrian crosswalk]

Slide 93

[Image: child pushing the button at the crosswalk]

Slide 94

Sometimes, bigger is not better!!

[Image: man at the end of the crosswalk in a wheelchair as cars pass by]

Slide 95

Very Wide Driveway Over 80 Feet Long

[Image: Dunkin Donuts parking lot]

Slide 96

[Image: bus route to a house on a map. The route is highlighted in red]

Slide 97

Overhead Clearance

[Image: Car parked in a driveway, yellow and red lines to show where it is positioned]

Slide 98

Orientation

[Image: cars parked in a neighborhood, red and green arrow point to curb ramps]

Slide 99

Diagonal Curb Ramp

LAST CHOICE

[Image: diagram of diagonal curb ramps]

Slide 100

No Good!!!

[Image: yellow arrow point to diagonal curb ramps]

Slide 101

Milton 12.JPG

[image: yellow arrow points to cross walk]

Slide 102

[image: person walking on crosswalk]

Slide 103

[image: sidewalk on road]

Slide 104

Think about barriers n the PAR.

[photo: sidewalk which is not navigable]

Slide 105

Sidewalk Barriers

tree roots, tree branches and bushes

[photo of tree roots affecting sidewalk]

Slide 106

Sidewalk Barriers

Debris, mud, etc.

[photo of mud on a sidewalk

Slide 107

Positive Drainage

No Ponding

[photo ow a sidewalk with a large puddle and a cartoon of someone ice skating on it]

Slide 108

Drainage Issues

[image of sidewalk with a drain and mud collected; screen shot of a slide from department of justice presentation]

Slide 109

[photo of a water flowing across a curb ramp]

Slide 110

[photo of a bus stop with poor snow removal]

Slide 111

Sidewalk Cross Slope

16% to 45%

[photo of a race car track]

Slide 112

[cartoon of a man in a wheelchair moving perpendicular across a curb ramp, the sidewalk is not wide enough]

Slide 113

[Photo of a sidewalk across a driveway]

Slide 114

[photo of curb cuts and crosswalk]

Slide 115

Route Analysis

Continuous Route / Path Barriers

Bus Stop

[photo of the cast of the tv show, Taxi and image of a map and a bus route to a home]

Slide 116

Photo of a bus stop

Slide 117

[photo of a woman in a wheel chair entering a bus via a ramp]

Slide 118

5’ wide min. 8’ long min.

Photo of a ramp on a bus

Slide 119

Bus Stop

Photo of a bus stop arrows point to bus stop amenities

Slide 120

Photo of bus stop

Slide 121

Photo of people on a beach with an airplane fuselage

Slide 122

Route Analysis**

Continuous Route / Path** Barriers

** Bus Stop

Image of map showing bus route to a house

Slide 123

Aerial photo of a neighborhood

Slide 124

Photo of a suburban neighborhood

Slide 125

Photo of an entrance to a park

Slide 126

Aerial photo of a neighborhood and an adjoining park

Slide 127

Photo of a sidewalk

Slide 128

Photo of a sidewalk

Slide 129

Photo of a sidewalk

Slide 130

Aerial photo of an intersection

Slide 131

Photo of a road

Slide 132

Photo of an intersection

Slide 133

Photo of a bus stop

Slide 134

Getting the Job Done!!

•Priorities

•E

•D

Slide 135

Members And Guests

We apologize for the inconvenience.

We are working on it.

Out of Order

Photo of a restroom stall

Slide 136

Getting the Job Done!!

•Priorities

•Experience & Education

•D

Slide 137

•quark-gluon plasma

•asymptotically free partons inside a quark-gluon plasma

•an observational rebuttal of the Lambda-CDM model of the universe

[photo of a man and a drawing – circle with dots in it]

Slide 138

•Sausage = kielbasa

•The solar system = Copernicus

•Dead woman = Marie Curie

[Photo of a man and diagram with sausage, solar system and dead woman and photo of a woman’s hands]

Slide 139

Photo of a brownie mix box

Slide 140

Getting the Job Done!!

•Priorities

•Experience & Education

•Do It!!

Slide 141

12 September 1962

“We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard...”

Photo of John F Kennedy

Slide 142

1950’s -The “Gallaudet Eleven"

•Harold Domich

•Rober tGreenmun

•Barron Gulak

•Raymond Harper

•Jerald Jordan

•Harry Larson

•David Myers

•Donald Peterson

•Raymond Piper

•Alvin Steele

•John Zakutney

Photo of 7 men on an airplane

Slide 143

February of 1962

John Glenn First U.S. man to orbit the earth.

Photo of John Glenn

Slide 144

•Money & Personnel

•Hard Work

•Training

Photos of 3 astronauts, NASA mission control and “Hidden Figures” women

Slide 145

July 16, 1969, 10:56 p.m. EDT

“That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind."

Photo of man walking on the moon

Slide 146

“The purpose of life is not to be happy. It is to be useful, to be honorable, to be compassionate, to have it make some difference that you have lived and lived well.”

--Ralph Waldo Emerson

Photo of Ralph Waldo Emerson

“No one is useless in this world who lightens the burdens of another.”

--Charles Dickens

Photo of Charles Dickens

Slide 147

Questions???

Joe Ellis

Linda Osiecki

Photo of The Riddler

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