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Technology and Engineering Test PrepStandardsT/E.1 Identify the tools and procedures needed to test the design features of a prototype. T/E.2 Evaluate a protocol to determine if the engineering design process was successfully applied. T/E.3 Distinguish between the intended benefits and the unintended consequences of a new technology. T/E.4 Differentiate between adaptive and assistive engineered products (e.g., food, biofuels, medicines, integrated pest management). Student Friendly Language:I can use proper tools and procedures to test a product.I can apply the engineering design process in a logical way or determine if the engineering process was applied incorrectly.I can conclude that an intended benefit is a positive, desired outcome and an unintended consequence is a negative, unwanted outcome of a new technology.I can label engineered products as adaptive or assistive engineered products.Prototype:A prototype is a first (or early) design of a product, from which other forms are developed or copied. Tests are done on prototypes first to see if the product is ready to sell to the public. Ideally, a prototype will be full scale (car, bike, phone), but for bigger and more expensive projects, it will just be a model (a bridge, or a building).3657600142240Engineering Design Process:The Engineering Design Process is cyclical and can begin at any step, or move back and forth between steps numerous times. In real life, engineers often work on just one or two steps and then pass along their work to another team.ASK: What is the problem? How have others approached it? What are your constraints?IMAGINE: What are some solutions? Brainstorm ideas. Choose the best one.PLAN: Draw a diagram. Make lists of materials you will need.CREATE: Follow your plan and create something. Test it out! Build a prototype.IMPROVE: What works? What doesn't? What could work better? Modify your designs to make it better. Test it out!Intended Benefits and Unintended Consequences:Intended benefits are positive outcomes that technology was designed for. An example of an intended benefit of a car would be that it reduces the time it takes to travel from one place to another. Unintended consequences are negative outcomes as a result of a technology. An example of an unintended consequence of a car would be that they increase pollution, or that they are expensive to fix. Adaptive and Assistive Engineered Products:Assistive Technology (Device) – The term ‘assistive technology device’ means any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities. Adaptive Technology (Device) – An item that is specifically designed for persons with disabilities; devices, which would seldom be used by non-disabled persons. Adaptive technology also “changes the individual.” Basically, the difference is that adaptive technology is specifically designed for a specific disability. Also, all adaptive technologies belong in the broader assistive-technology category.WheelchairHere are some examples: The first sample question is about adaptive and assistive technologies. The rest are from all 4 topics.A bioengineered technology that changes how an organism functions is an adaptive technology. Which of these is an example of an adaptive technology?A wheelchairA guide dog for blind peopleA ramp that provides wheelchair access to a buildingGenetically altered bacteria that produce human insulinA town is considering replacing a section of a road with a drawbridge and a canal that will give tall boats and ships a more direct route to the ocean. The town is accepting designs from companies that have build bridges in other locations, and it is trying to develop a plan that will use only one design. Which of these would be best to do as the next step in the process?Display a section of designs and have boaters choose the design they like best. Build a prototype of each design and evaluate the performance of each drawbridge.Analyze each design and pick the one that best meets the needs of boaters and people who use the road.Choose the design that has the lowest cost and can be built in the shortest amount of time.Medical researchers have developed a camera that can be swallowed like a pill. The camera takes pictures of digestive organs as it moves through the digestive system. The camera is then excreted from the body as a solid waste. Which is most likely the intended benefit of this technology?It costs more than old technologiesIt repairs damaged organs and delivers medicine so patients don’t have to take pills.It can diagnose illnesses more accurately than doctorsIt provides a way for doctors to see inside the body without having to perform surgeryAn adaptive technology is a product that is designed to let individuals with disabilities do things they would not otherwise be able to do. Which of these is the best example of an adaptive technology?An artificial limb with fingers that sense pressureA medicine that keeps bacteria from reproducingProcessing plant waste from farms to make biofuelInserting human genes into bacterium’s DNA to change its genetic traitsWhich use of recent technology has had hazardous results on the environment? Building outdoor furniture using recycled plastics Identifying areas on Earth using a global positioning system (GPS) Disposing of unwanted cell phone batteries in landfills 480060097155Searching online information using a personal digital device A student builds a simple pulley using a spool, some wire, and some string. The student tests the strength of the string using a spring scale. The diagram to the right shows that when the student pulls the spring scale down, the washer is lifted up. Which is the best way for the student to determine the largest mass the pulley can lift before the string breaks? Lift a washer off the ground from various heights Lift a washer off the ground using different types of stringLift many washers of increasing masses off the ground Lift many washers made from different materials off the ground NASA is developing a new deep-space telescope to replace the Hubble Space Telescope. Which will best help NASA determine whether the new telescope is an improvement over the Hubble Space Telescope? Comparing the capabilities of the new telescope to those of the Hubble Space Telescope Interviewing scientists about their opinion on the new telescope and the Hubble Space Telescope Researching different types of lenses that can be used in space telescopes Analyzing how much it costs to build space telescopes The students at a middle school are having a technology competition to see who can design the best new product. What is the first step the students should take as they begin their work?Build and test a productIdentify a problem or needDetermine if a product meets its goalsIdentify any problems or flaws in the designA technology company has identified the need for smaller, longer-lasting batteries to use in hybrid vehicles. What would be the first step engineers would take to design and produce an improved battery? Test the new battery Reshape the existing battery Research current battery technology Build a prototype battery Almost half of the electricity generated in the United States comes from power plants that burn coal. Which statement explains the most likely intended benefit for using coal as a source of electricity? Coal is a resource that occurs naturally on Earth. Coal is plentiful and inexpensive compared to other power sources. Some types of coal mining cause harm to the environment. Burning coal releases gases into the air that leads to acid precipitation. Which best explains an example of adaptive engineering? Automobile tires made from recycled material, because resources are conserved Walking canes made from lightweight aluminum, because mobility is increased Hearing aids worn in the ear canal, because a disability is overcome Vision corrected by laser surgery, because a permanent change is made An engineering company is testing a new weather-forecasting program. Which procedure would best verify that the program is making accurate predictions? Comparing the predictions of the program to the actual weather Comparing the predictions of the program to other predictions Using the program to verify events not related to weather Using the program to verify past weather-related events A company is designing a dam with a floodgate to keep houses safe during the rainy season. The company is reviewing several possible designs that have worked in the past and is trying to develop a plan for implementing one design. Which is the next step in this process? Pick several dams to use in a consumer survey Test each dam model during a different flood season Analyze the dam designs and pick one based on local needs Redesign the past dams based on what the company feels will work best411480080010A bridge model is shown to the right. To most increase the maximum load the model can support, how should the model be changed? Increase the length of the bed Increase the width of the bed Increase the height of the vertical supports Increase the number of the vertical supports A glider is a motorless airplane. In addition to size, which would be the main things to consider when designing a glider to cover a large distance? Environmental impact and mass Cost and environmental impact Strength and cost Mass and strength The main disadvantage of using solar energy to generate electricity is that solar panels Produce greenhouse gases. Produce water pollution. Are expensive to operate. Are expensive to purchase. Which of these statements best describes a possible environmental consequence in constructing a large scale wind farm to generate electricity? Wind farms alter the regional climate. Wind farms can disrupt migrating wildlife. Wind farms use a renewable energy source. Wind farms generate direct current electricity. Answers: Technology and EngineeringDBDACCABCCDACDDDB ................
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