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Azərbaycan Respublikası Təhsil Nazirliyi

Azərbaycan Dillər Universiteti

__________________________________________________

Sahilə Mustafayeva

EVERYDAY ENGLISH IDIOMS WITH

AZERBAIJANI EQUIVALENTS IN USE

İNGİLİS DİLİNDƏ İŞLƏK İDİOMLAR VƏ ONLARIN AZƏRBAYCAN DİLİNDƏ QARŞILIĞI

25 UNITS OF VOCABULARY REFERENCE AND PRACTICE

SELF – STUDY AND CLASSROOM USE

(with answers)

Азярбайъан Республикасы тящсил назиринин

04.02.2008. тарихли 154 сайлы ямри иля

тясдиг едилмишдир

Бакы – «Леттерпресс» – 2008

|Redaktorlar: | |

| İngilis dili üzrə |Filologiya elmləri doktoru, professor D.N.Yunusov |

| |Filologiya elmləri doktoru, professor İ.Z.Qasımov |

|Azərbaycan dili üzrə | |

|Rəyçilər: |Nəsimi adına Dilçilik İnstitutunun direktor müavini, |

| |filologiya elmləri doktoru, professor M.Mahmudov |

| |İngilis dilinin leksikologiyası kafedrasının dosenti, |

| |filologiya elmləri namizədi Ə.H.Hacıyeva |

| | |

|Korrektorlar: |İradə Vahabova |

| |Şəlalə Əliyeva |

Mustafayeva Sahilə Bağır qızı

Everyday English Idioms with Azerbaijani equivalents in use (dərs vəsaiti). Bakı, «Леттерпресс», 2008. – 344 səh.

Kitabda ingilis dilində gündəlik işlədilən idiomlar və onların Azərbaycan dilində qarşılığı verilmişdir. Bu idiomların mənasını daha yaxşı mənimsəmək üçün müxtəlif ingilis dilli mənbələrdən misallar verilmişdir.

Vəsait ali məktəb tələbələri, orta məktəb şagirdləri, ingilis dilini tədris edən müəllimlər və bu dili sərbəst öyrənənlər üçün nəzərdə tutulmuşdur.

Грифли няшр, 2008. © Mustafayeva, 2008.

Money spent on the brain is never spent in vain

ÖN SÖZ

İngilis dilini öyrənənlər dilin qrammatikasını, fonetikasını öyrənməklə yanaşı, həm də zəngın söz ehtiyatına malik olmağa çalışırlar. Dil öyrənənlər adətən bədii nitqdə (literary speech) maneə ilə rastlaşmadan uğur qazanırlar. Amma məlum olduğu kimi, dilin lüğət tərkibini təşkil edən sözlərin həqiqi mənaları ilə yanaşı, məcazi mənaları da çoxluq təşkil edir. Hətta vurğulamaq istərdik ki, hal-hazırda dilin lüğət tərkibində bir sıra sözlər öz həqiqi mənalarını itirib, məcazi mənada daha çox istifadə olunur. Elə bu səbəbdən də bəzən dili öyrənənlər rast gəldikləri sözün və ya birləşmənin idiomatik ifadə olduğunu bilmədiklərindən çaşıb qalır, idiomlu ifadə ilə desək, başlarını itirirlər.

Leksikologiya bizə idiomlar barədə geniş məlumat versə də, Azərbaycan dilində idiomları qruplaşdıran, ingilis dilindəki idiomların Azərbaycan dilində qarşılığını əks etdirən dərs vəsaitləri azlıq təşkil edır. Ali məktəb tələbələri gündəlik danışıqda idiomların istifadəsi zamanı müəyyən çətinliklərlə qarşılaşır, bəzən isə ümumiyyətlə, onlardan istifadə edə bilmirlər. Orta məktəb şagirdləri də bu problemlə üzləşirlər. Bildiyimiz kimi, orta təhsil məktəblərinə aid dərsliklərdə qismən idiomatik ifadələrə rast gəlirik. Amma onların dilimizdə qarşılığını tapmaq şagirdlər üçün, hətta bəzən, müəllimlər üçün də çətinlik törədir. Bu problemləri nəzərə alaraq ingilis dilində çox işlək idiomatik birləşmələrin Azərbaycan dilində qarşılığını verən belə bir vəsaitin yaranmasına ehtiyac vardır. Məlum olduğu kimi, ingilis dili idiomatik birləşmələrlə zəngin bir dildir. Amma bir qrup idiomlar var ki, onlar kifayət qədər köhnəlmiş və dilin lüğət tərkibindən çıxmışdır. Bu səbəbdən də bu gün onlara ancaq klassik ingilis ədəbiyyatında rast gəlmək mümkündür. Təqdim olunan bu dərs vəsaitində verilmiş idiomlar və idiomatik birləşmələr müasir ingilis dilində ünsiyyət prosesində daha çox istifadə olunan birləşmələrdir. Biz bu idiomlara adi məişət dilində, qəzetlərdə, müasir və həmçinin klassik ingilis ədəbiyyatında, həm də həyatda rast gələ bilirik. Vəsaitə daxil edilmiş misallar gündəlik həyatda daha çox istifadə olunan danışıq üslubunda verilmişdir. Eyni zamanda, vəsaitdə həm klassik, həm də müasir ingilis ədəbiyyatından seçilmiş misallar da üstünlük təşkil edir.

Dərs vəsaiti 25 bölmədən ibarətdir. Hər bölmədə müəyyən sayda idiom toplanmış və hər idioma aid misallar verilmişdir. Bundan əlavə, vəsaitdə hər bölməyə aid leksik çalışmalar tərtib edilmişdir. Ümidvarıq ki, çalışmalar vəsaitdən istifadə edən hər bir oxucunun idiomları nə dərəcədə başa düşdüyünü, onlardan necə istifadə etdiyini yoxlamağa kömək edəcəkdir. Sözsüz, dərs vəsaiti ingilis dilini öyrənənlərin öyrəndikləri dilə marağını artırmaqda, nitqin rəvan və səlis olmasına, habelə təbii səslənməsinə yardımçı olacaqdır.

Vəsaitin hazırlanmasında öz dəyərli məsləhətləri və tövsiyələri ilə bizə kömək etmiş fil.e.d., prof . Oruc Musayevə, ingilis dili üzrə redaktor fil.e.d., prof. Dünyamin Yunusova, Azərbaycan dili üzrə redaktor fil.e.d., prof. İkram Qasımova, rəyçilər fil.e.d., prof. Məsud Mahmudova, fil.e.n., dos. Kifayət Gözəlovaya, fil.e.n. Əminə Hacıyevaya, İngilis dilinin üslubiyyəti kafedrasının baş müəllimi İradə Vahabovaya və İngilis dilinin qrammatikası kafedrasının bütün əməkdaşlarına, xüsusilə həmin kafedranın müəllimi Şəlalə Əliyevaya minnətdarlığımızı bildiririk.

Vəsait barədə tənqidi qeydlərini, arzu və təkliflərini bildirəcək şəxslərə də qabaqcadan öz təşəkkürümüzü bildiririk.

Müəllif

İDİOM NƏDİR?

İDİOMLARI ÖYRƏNMƏK NƏ ÜÇÜN LAZIMDIR?

Hər bir dil üçün əsas material sözdür və dil öyrənmək istəyən hər kəs gündəlik olaraq yeni söz və söz birləşmələri öyrənir. Həmin söz birləşmələrinin tərkibində idiomlar xüsusi yer tutur. İngilis dili idiom və idiomatik birləşmələrlə zəngin bir dildir. İdiomlara bütün üslublarda rast gəlmək mümkündür: yazıda, danışıqda, bədii ədəbiyyatda və s. Hətta qəzetlər belə idiomatik ifadələrlə zəngindir.

İdiomların öyrənilməsi nə üçün zəruridir? İlk əvvəl «idiom nədir?» sualına cavab tapmaq lazımdır. İdiomları təşkil edən sözlər bir yerdə öz əvvəlki mənalarını itirir və birləşmə tərkibində yeni məna çalarlığı yaradır. Məsələn:

I could eat a horse. Dəhşətli dərəcədə acam. məc*. Acından ölürəm. (Acından bir qoyun da yeyə bilərəm).

Money doesn’t grow on trees. Pulun qədrini bilmək lazımdır. məc. Pul yerdən yığılmır. (Pul özünə hörmət istər).

We are all at sixes and sevens. Biz tamamilə çaş-baş qalmışıq.

I got there in the nick of time. Mən ora ən son anda çatdım.

məc.* - məcazi məna

İdiomları təşkil edən sözlərin çoxu məcazi məna daşıyır. Müasir ingilis dilində sözlərin həqiqi mənalarına nisbətən, məcazi mənalarından daha çox istifadə olunur. Məsələn: “to catch” feli həqiqi mənadan daha çox, məcazi mənada işlədilir. Misallara nəzər salaq:

|Həqiqi məna |Məcazi məna |

|I have been fishing, but caught |1. Yesterday I caught the bus. |

|absolutely nothing! |2. Try to catch his eye. |

| |3. You’ll catch your death of cold. |

| |4. Wait while I catch my breathe. |

Dilin lüğət tərkibində elə sözlər də var ki, onlar artıq öz bədii mənada işlədilmə halını itiriblər və ancaq məcazi mənada işlənirlər. Məsələn, “to plough” (əkmək, biçmək) feli. Bu fel müasir ingilis dilində həqiqi mənada demək olar ki, istifadə olunmur. Biz ona ancaq idiomatik birləşmələrin tərkibində məcazi mənada rast gələ bilərik. Məsələn:

1. He had to plough through hundreds of pages of American history to get ready for his test. O, Amerika tarixindən testi vermək üçün yorulmadan çalışırdı/O, Amerika tarixindən testi vermək üçün kağızların arasında itib-batmışdı.

2. You can plough money into a business. Sən bu işə sərmayə yatıra bilərsən/Sən bu işə pul buraxa bilərsən.

3. Profits can be ploughed back. Qoyulan sərmayə qazanc gətirə bilər.

Və yaxud, “to rack” felini götürək. “Rack” çoxmənalı qədim ingilis sözüdür; “to torture”; “to exhaust”, yəni (əzab/əziyyət/işgəncə vermə) mənalarında istifadə olunur. Müasir ingilis dilində isə “rack” bu mənalarda öz istifadəsini itirib. Biz ona ancaq idiomatik birləşmələrin tərkibində rast gələ bilərik. Məsələn: “to rack your brain”. Bu idiomatik birləşmənin dilimizdə qarşılığı “bir şeyi xatırlamağa güclü səy göstərmək, yaddaşını eşələmək” kimi tərcümə olunur. Bu siyahını artırmaq mümkündür. Misalların təhlilindən belə nəticəyə gəlirik ki, biz sözlərin həqiqi istifadəsi ilə yanaşı, məcazi istifadəsini də bilməliyik. Əks təqdirdə, cümlə tərkibində rast gəldiyimiz sözün məcazi istifadəsini bilmiriksə, onun tərcüməsində çətinlik çəkəcəyik və tərcümə düzgün olmayacaq. Buna görə də idiomları və onları təşkil edən sözlərin həm həqiqi, həm də məcazi mənalarını öyrənmək zəruridir.

İdiomatik vahidlərin həm quruluşca, həm də məna və ekpressivlik çalarlıqlarına görə rəngarəngliyi onların üslubi istifadə imkanlarının zənginliyini təmin edən əsas cəhətdir.

İdiomlardan ədəbi dilin, demək olar ki, bütün üslublarında istifadə olunur. Lakin bu vahidlərin ən geniş istifadə meydanı, əlbəttə ki, bədii üslub və ictimai-siyasi üslubdur. Məhəbbət, nifrət, istehza, kinayə, gülüş, qəm-qüssə, eyham və s. məna çalarlıqlarının daha bariz olduğu idiomatik vahidlərə həm bədii üslubda, həm də ictimai-siyasi üslubda təsadüf edilir. Bədii üslubda təsirliliyi artırmaq, canlı və obrazlı səhnələr yaratmaq üçün epitet, metonimiya və digər çalarlıqlara malik olan idiomlardan istifadə edilir.

Ümumiyyətlə idiomlar danışıq-məişət leksikasının böyük hissəsini təşkil edir və danışıq prosesində fikrin obrazlı, təsirli, bir sıra hallarda isə ironik-ekspressiv istifadəsinə xidmət edir.

İdiomları öyrənmək ilk baxışdan asan görünsə də, əslində bu yolda bir sıra çətinliklərlə qarşılaşmalı oluruq. İdiomlar özlərinə məxsus quruluşa malik olan söz birləşmələridir. İdiomları təşkil edən sözlər bizə bəzən qəribə, qeyri-məntiqi və qrammatik cəhətdən düzgün görünməsələr belə, biz onlarda dəyişiklik apara bilmirik. Onlar dilin lüğət tərkibinə daxil olduqları kimi öyrənilməlidir. Beləliklə, idiomlar aşağıdakı quruluşa malik olan sözlərdir:

• İdiomlar dilin lüğət tərkibinə daxil olduqları kimi istifadə olunmalıdır; biz onları dəyişə bilmərik.

• İdiomları təşkil edən sözlər həm həqiqi, həm də məcazi mənaya malikdir.

• İdiomların özlərinə məxsus dəyişməz qrammatik quruluşları olur (Biz onların quruluşunda ancaq zamanı və ya əvəzlikləri dəyişə bilərik).

Beləliklə, ingilis dili idiom və idiomatik birləşmələrlə zəngindir və onları öyrənmək dil öyrənən hər bir şəxs üçün zəruridir. Bu yolda bizə istək, diqqət, zəhmət və təcrübə köməklik göstərəcək. Sonda bir ingilis misalını yada salmaq istəyirik: “Practice makes perfect and all things are difficult before they’re easy”.

SECTION ONE

ANIMAL IDIOMS

Zoonimik idiomlar

♣ IT IS A ZOO OUT THERE

|swing a cat |(informal) used to say that a room is|çox darısqal otaq; ayaq qoymağa yer |

| |very small and that there’s not |yoxdur; boş yerin olmaması; haranınsa |

| |enough space |basırıq olması |

|- What sort of flat are you looking for? |

|- I need somewhere with a bit more space. There’s not enough room to swing a cat in my |

|living room. |

|smell a rat |(informal) to be suspicious; feel that |bir kəsdən/nədənsə şübhələnmək;|

| |something is wrong |gözü su içməmək |

|◘ Nick told me he was working late tonight. But there were no lights on when I passed. I |

|smelt a rat, and called the police. ◘ Every time Tom visits me, one of my ashtrays |

|disappears. I’m beginning to smell a rat. |

|monkey (horse) |(informal) to play in a way that is noisy and not |meymun kimi atılıb |

|around |very careful so that you could hurt sb or damage |düşmək; vurnuxmaq; |

| |sth; to join in rough teasing; play around |ora-bura qaçmaq |

|- Would you please stop monkeying around? You’ll break something. |

|- Oh, come on! We’re just having fun. |

|go to the dogs |(informal) to be ruined or|dağılmaq, korlanmaq; var-yoxdan çıxmaq, |

| |destroyed; become rundown |dilənçi halına/it kökünə düşmək; müflis |

| | |olmaq; alt-üst olmaq |

|◘ - This shopping centre used to be quite good but look at it now. |

|- I know, it’s really gone to the dogs in the last few years. |

|◘ Poor devil, he’s gone to the dog’s altogether [32, p.189]. |

|have ants in your |(informal) to be very excited or impatient |kürkünə birə düşmək; yerində |

|pants |about sth and unable to stay still; nervous|sakit otura bilməmək; nadinc |

| |overactivity; restlessness |olmaq |

|He just won’t sit still in class. I think he’s got ants in his pants. |

|keep the wolf from|(informal) to have enough money to |acından ölməmək, bir təhər keçinmək,|

|the door |avoid going hungry, poverty |özünü bir təhər dolandırmaq |

|- You get a company pension, don’t you? |

|- Yes, it’s not very much but it helps to keep the wolf from the door. |

|be (feel) like |a person who is out of his proper|özünü sudan çıxarılmış balıq kimi hiss |

|a fish out of |place in life, someone who |etmək; özünü naqolay/biçimsiz hiss etmək; |

|water |doesn’t fit in |yerində olmamaq |

|I went to a disco for the first time in ten years last night. I looked and felt like a fish |

|out of water. |

|a pig sty |(informal) a very dirty or |çirkli/səliqəsiz yer; tör-töküntü /pinti yer; |

| |untidy place |donuz damı |

|◘ I wish you’d tidy your flat up! It’s like a pig sty! |

|◘ “Christ, the place is like a pig sty” [31, p.40]. |

|to be foxed | unable to understand or solve sth; (of the |çaş-baş qalmaq; kitabın və s. |

| |paper of the old books or prints) covered with |vərəqlərinin saralması |

| |brown spots | |

|I just didn’t understand. I didn’t know what to do. I was totally foxed! |

|donkeywork |(informal) the hard boring part of |işin ən çətin və zəhlətökən |

| |a job or task |hissəsi; çirkli iş |

|I don’t see why I should do all the donkey work! |

|get sth (straight) from the|(informal) (of information) given by sb who |məlumatı mötəbər |

|horse’s mouth |is directly involved and therefore likely to|mənbədən əldə etmək|

| |be accurate | |

|- Are you sure we’re getting a pay rise next month? Who told you? |

|- I got it straight from the horse’s mouth. The manager himself told me. |

|chicken feed |(informal) a very small sum of |çox az pul; məc. cücə yemi, uşaq payı; cüzi |

| |money |məbləğ |

|You can get between twenty and thirty thousand pounds a year as an office manager now. |

|That’s chicken feed compared to what you can get in the States. |

|bookworm |a person who likes reading very|kitab oxumağı xoşlayan adam, kitab |

| |much |həvəskarı |

|My sister is a real bookworm. She’s always reading a book. |

|a wolf in |a person who pretends to be good |saxtakarlıq edən adam; qoyun cildinə |

|sheep’s clothing|but really is bad |girmiş canavar; mələk cildinə girmiş |

| | |şeytan |

|I trusted the lawyer until I realized that he was a wolf in sheep’s clothing. |

|a dog’s life |a life of misery, poverty,|çətinliklə/problemlərlə dolu həyat, yoxsulluq |

| |and unhappiness |içində yaşamaq; it kimi yaşamaq, it həyatı sürmək |

|◘ Nowadays some people live a dog’s live. |

|◘ “… that he should lead a dog’s life in order to provide them with board and lodging ... ” |

|[33, p.25]. |

|a wild-goose chase |a search for sth that is impossible|hədər yerə vaxt sərf edib sonda |

| |for you to find or that doesn’t |uğursuzluqla üzləşmək; dəryada |

| |exist, that makes you waste a lot |balıq sevdası; xam xəyal |

| |of time | |

|◘ I went all over the place trying to get what I wanted, but I had no success at all. It was|

|a wild-goose chase. |

|◘ I’ve sent them on a wild goose chase [30, p.49]. |

|a frog in your |to lose your voice or be unable to |boğazı/nitqi tutulmaq; qısa muddət |

|throat |speak clearly for a short time |danışa bilməmək |

|Let me drink a glass of water. I have got a frog in my throat. |

|a fly on the |a person who watches |nəzərə çarpmadan ətrafdakıları müşahidə |

|wall |others without being |edən/izləyən adam; məc. pəncərədə quş; |

| |noticed |gözəgörünməz |

|◘ I’d love to be a fly on the wall during their conversation. |

|◘ I wish I were a fly on the wall and heard what they’re talking about - Kaş pəncərədə quş |

|olub, onların nə barədə danışdıqlarını eşidəydim. |

|dog-eared |(informal) worn, used a lot; especially |çox istifadədən sonra |

| |about pages in books that have been turned |kitabın vərəqlərinin |

| |in to mark where the reader has stopped |çirklənməsi, əzilməsi; |

| | |əzik-üzük |

|After a book has been used a lot, it tends to get a bit dog-eared. |

|dog doesn’t eat dog (saying) |it-itin ayağını basmaz |

|◘ John had been constantly reprimanded for being negligent on the job. Finally, in |

|desperation his supervisor exclaimed, “Shape up or ship out!” And when one of his friends |

|began to defend him the supervisor cried nervously: “Dog doesn’t eat dog!” |

|every dog has |everyone will have his chance or turn;|hər şeyin öz vaxtı/zamanı var; |

|his/its day |everyone is lucky or popular at some |həyatda hər kəsin bəxtinin |

|(saying) |time in their life |gətirəcəyi, xoşbəxt olacağı gün |

| | |var |

|- I feel sorry for Mike. He was feeling quite depressed when I ran into him. |

|- Did he tell you what was bothering him? |

|- Among other things, he informed me that he was fired from his job without any reason. |

|- He had better be strong. Every dog has his day. |

|when pigs fly |(ironic) never; under no circumstances; |qum göyərəndə; dəvənin |

| |used to show that you don’t believe sth will |quyruğu yerə dəyəndə |

| |ever happen | |

|I’ll accept his invitation when pigs fly. Be sure. |

|go to the dogs (go to hell|(informal) to get into a bad |sökülmək; dağılmaq; sınıq-sökük; it|

|in a handbasket) |state; become run-down |kökünə düşmək |

|- I think, their house needs repairing. It goes to dogs. |

|- So do I. I guess with a little carpentry work and some paint it could look pretty decent. |

|fishy going on | to become suspicious; strange |şübhələnmək; gözü su içməmək|

|Why are they having all those secret meetings behind closed doors? There’s something fishy |

|going on. |

|take the bull by the |(informal) take |işə ciddi girişmək, cəsarətini toplamaq, qəti |

|horns |decisive action in a |addım atmaq; həlledici həlqədən yapışmaq |

| |difficult situation | |

|Take the bull by the horns and say to him what you think about of him. |

|a horse of a |(informal) quite a different |bu başqa məsələ; tamamilə ayrı |

|different colour |matter |məsələ |

|He likes to play jokes on his friends, but he makes sure that nobody is hurt of his pranks.|

|A prank that hurts someone is a horse of a different color! |

|be (strictly) for the|(informal) uninteresting and|gərəksiz/lazımsız; heç bir dəyəri |

|birds |meaningless |olmayan; gülünc, axmaq |

|They went to the cinema, but they were bored and restless. As far as they were concerned, it|

|was for the birds! They left during an intermission. |

|cat got your tongue (usually used |you aren’t able or willing |utandığından danışa |

|about children or as a question to |to talk because of shyness|bilməmək; dilini pişik yeyib|

|children) | | |

|- Come on, tell us what you think about the article? |

|- Well, uh … |

|- Was it exciting? |

|- I, uh … |

|- What’s the matter? Cat got your tongue? |

♣ CAT IDIOMS

|Everyone knows that cats are domestic animals. Most families have cats at home. It is not |

|surprising that English has lots of idiomatic expressions based on cats. |

|catty (cattier;|(informal) (of a woman) saying unkind|başqa insanlar haqqında xoş olmayan |

|cattiest) |things about other people; bitchy, |sözlər danışmaq; sözbaz, sözgəzdirən; |

| |spiteful |kinli, qəzəbli |

|When you speak to Mary be careful what you say to her. Last time I heard how you spoke to |

|her. Some people might think that was a very catty remark! |

|It is a very catty thing to say! |Bu cür danışmaq amansızlıqdır! |

|make the “fur fly” |cause a disturbance |aləmi bir-birinə qatmaq; |

| | |qarışıqlıq/iğtişaş salmaq |

|You should have seen what happened yesterday. There was a terrible fight between Anar and |

|the boss. The fur was really flying! |

|get your claws into|(disapproving) if a woman gets her claws|kişini caynağına keçirmək; |

|somebody |into a man, she tries hard to make him |qadının kişiyə zorla ərə |

| |marry her or to have a relationship |getməyə çalışması; bir kəsi |

| |with her; to criticize so severely |kəskin tənqid etmək |

|I’ve never seen her behave like this with him. At last she has got her claws into him! |

|when the cat is |when one’s supervisor at work is gone, things |özbaşınalıq |

|away, the mice will |loosen up and the employees feel freer; when the |/sərbəstlik etmək; |

|play (saying) |parents are gone, children take liberties that |at ölüb, itlərin |

| |they would not if the parents were at home |bayramıdır |

|Yesterday my parents weren’t at home. I invited my friends and we had a wonderful party. We |

|did what we wanted: sang, danced, ate, etc. When the cat is away, the mice will play. |

|stop pussyfooting and say |to stop being too hesitant and |mus-mus deyincə, birdəfəlik |

|what you mean |careful in expressing opinion |«Mustafa» de |

|- Mary, I, I’m, hm … |

|- Jeff, stop pussyfooting and say what you mean. |

|there is more than one|there’re different ways of |hər işin bir çarəsi/əlacı var; ölumdən |

|way to skin a cat |doing something |başqa hər şeyə əlac var |

|- I don’t’ know how to solve this problem. I can’t think about it any more. What can I do? |

|- Don’t worry. There is more than one way to skin a cat. |

|put/set the cat |to say or do sth that is |başını bəlaya salmaq; özünü işə salmaq; |

|among the pigeons |likely to course trouble |cəncələ düşmək; quzunu qurda tapşırmaq |

|Is it real that you let the cat out of the bag? I don’t believe my ears. How can I speak to |

|the boss now? That’s put the cat among the pigeons. |

|let the cat out|to tell about something that is |sirri açmaq; ağzının qaytanı olmamaq; |

|of the bag |supposed to be a secret |pişiyi torbadan buraxmaq |

|◘ I heard Marry is pregnant. But no one knows it yet. She asked me not to tell anyone. She |

|wants to inform all herself. Please, don’t let the cat out of the bag. |

|◘ My elder sister was planning to give me a present for my birthday. But I knew about it, |

|because my little sister let the cat out of the bag. |

|curiosity killed |getting too nosey may lead a |həddindən artıq maraq insanın başını bəlaya |

|the cat |person into trouble |salar; başın girməyən yerə, bədənini soxma |

|- Sh, Sh. I don’t hear. They’re quarrelling again. Let me hear what they are arguing about. |

|- Don’t do it. Mind your own business. Don’t forget: “Curiosity killed the cat”. |

|not to have a cat in|not to succeed at what they are |boş yerə özünü yormaq; heç bir |

|hell’s chance |trying to do |şansı olmamaq |

|Don’t wait for him any longer. He won’t receive you today. You haven’t got a cat in hell’s |

|chance. |

|be the cat’s |(informal) to be the best |özü haqqında yüksək fikirdə olmaq, |

|whiskers the bee’s |person, etc |özündən razı olmaq |

|knees | | |

|My sister thinks she’s the cat’s whiskers the bee’s knees. |

|be raining cats |(informal) to be raining |güclü yağış yağır; məc; bir yağış yağır |

|and dogs |heavily |ucundan tut göyə çıx, leysan |

|When I left home it was raining cats and dogs. |

| |

|Note: Some people consider black cats lucky, while others consider them unlucky. They used |

|to be associated with the Devil. |

♣ BIRD IDIOMS

|run around like a |to be very busy and active trying |o tərəf, bu tərəfə qaçmaq; |

|headless chicken |to do sth, but not very organized, |yumurtası tərs gəlmiş toyuq |

| |with the result that you do not |kimi vurnuxmaq |

| |succeed | |

|I’m supposed to be going on holiday tomorrow. I’ve been running round like a headless |

|chicken all day trying to get ready. |

| watch sb/sth like a hawk|watch very closely |bir kəsə/şeyə diqqət yetirmək, göz |

| | |qoymaq |

|I made a personal call from the office and my boss found out about it. She’s watching me like|

|a hawk now to make sure I don’t do it again. |

|not say “boo” to|to be very shy or gentle; |utancaq olmaq; heç kimin xətrinə dəyməmək; |

|a goose |to be too shy to say |qarışqani belə incitməmək; heç kimin toyuğuna |

| |anything |kiş deməmək |

|Really? I can’t believe Carol would say anything to upset you. She would not say boo to a |

|goose. |

|eat like a sparrow|to eat very little; have |az yemək; iştahasız olmaq |

| |little appetite | |

|I’m not surprised Andrea’s so thin. She eats like a sparrow. |

|be as dead as a |completely dead; no longer |sıradan çıxmaq/xarab olmaq, hərəkətsiz |

|dodo |interesting or valid |olmaq |

|Do you know anything about computers? I’ve just switched mine on and nothing happened. It’s |

|as dead as a dodo. |

|as the crow flies |by the most direct way; along a |birbaşa, düz xətlə, düz xətt üzrə, |

|(in a crow line) |straight line between two places |düzünə |

|It’s only forty miles from here to Bristol as the crow flies, but it takes an hour by car |

|because the roads are so bad. |

|be as sick as a |to be very |məyus/ümidsiz olmaq; ovqatı təlx, dərdli, |

|parrot |disappointed |qüssəli |

|I’ve got tickets for the match on Saturday. Mark has to work and there’s no work he’s going |

|to manage to get off. He is as sick as a parrot. |

|take somebody under your |to take care of and help sb who |bir kəsə himayədarlıq etmək; |

|wing |has less experience of sth than |kimisə qanadı altına almaq |

| |you | |

|My new boss has taken a special interest in my career. He’s taken me under his wing. |

|fly the nest|(of sb’s child) to leave home and live somewhere |evi tərk etmək; yuvadan uçmaq|

| |else | |

|All my children have grown up and flown the nest. |

|be an early |(humorous) a person who gets up, arrives,|yuxudan tez duran, lazım olan yerə |

|bird |etc. very early; an early riser |vaxtında gələn adam |

|My mother really is an early bird. She gets up at six every morning. |

|swan around |(informal, disapproving) to go around |özünü göstərmək; özünü yekəxana |

| |enjoying yourself in a way that annoys|aparmaq; qınından çıxıb, qınını |

| |other people or makes them jealous |bəyənməmək |

|I don’t like people who return to their home town and swan around in expensive clothes and |

|big cars. |

|kill two birds |to succeed in doing two things by only |bir güllə ilə iki dovşan vurmaq; |

|with one stone |one action; get two results from one |bir əldə iki qarpız tutmaq |

| |effort | |

|Let’s check the timetable and pick up the tickets at the same time. We might as well kill two|

|birds with one stone. |

|a little bird told |(informal) used to say that sb told you sth but|bir şeyi gizli mənbədən |

|(whispered) |you don’t want to say who it was; to have |öyrənmək/əldə etmək; |

| |learned something from a mysterious, unknown, |məc. qulağı çalmaq |

| |or secret source | |

|A little bird told me you had got engaged. Is it true? – Eşitmişəm (qulağım çalıb ki) |

|nişanlanmısan. Doğrudur? |

|be no spring chicken |(humorous) to be no longer |uşaqlıq yaşını aşmış olmaq; |

| |younger |təcrübəli/dünyagörmüş olmaq |

|I know Sheila looks young, but I can tell you she’s no spring chicken. I should know! I was |

|in her class at school. |

|be a spring chicken|(slang) a very young person |gənc; təcrübəsiz cavan, |

| | |sadəlövh/ürəyiaçıq |

|Don't be angry with her. She is a spring chicken and doesn't know how to behave |

|professionally. |

|in (at) one | (literary) in one attack or accident; in |bir göz qırpımında; bir anlıq; |

|fell swoop |one bad blow; at one time; at the same time |bir zərbə ilə; eyni vaxtda |

|One stupid comment to the media and your reputation can be destroyed in one fell swoop. |

♣ HORSE IDIOMS

|on the hoof |to do sth quickly and without giving it your full |başdansovdu; |

| |attention because you are doing sth else at the same |məsuliyyətsizcəsinə |

| |time | |

|What I don’t like about this government is the way it makes up policy on the hoof. There |

|isn’t enough planning. |

|get the bit |(informal) to become very enthusiastic |özünü nəyə isə məcbur |

|between your |about sth that you have started to do that |etmək; dözmək; |

|teeth |you’re unlikely to stop until you’ve |dişini-dişinə sıxmaq |

| |finished | |

|I started a new job last month. It was all a bit strange at first but I’ve got the bit |

|between my teeth. |

|saddle sb/ yourself |to give sb/yourself an |bir kəsə xoşagəlməz tapşırıq vermək; |

|with sth (often |unpleasant responsibility, |məc. kimisə yükləmək; bir şeyi etməyə |

|passive) |task, debt, etc |məcbur olmaq; boynuna qoymaq |

|◘ I hate going to the airport to meet international clients but I always get saddled with |

|it because I’m the one who can speak three foreign languages. |

|◘ … and Anabelle was constantly out, and always leaving Audrey saddled with her children |

|[21, p.302]. |

|put the cart |things in wrong order; |işi tərsinə/baş-ayaq görmək; kimisə |

|before the horse |something backwards or |tərs/səhv başa düşmək; arxi hoppanmamiş hop |

| |mixed up |demək |

|Listen, Jane, do you really think buying a wedding dress is a good idea? I mean, why not wait|

|till he asks you? Aren’t you put the cart before the horse? |

|bite your lips |to force yourself to remain |hisslərini cilovlamaq; dişini-dişinə |

| |silent and not to reveal your |sıxmaq; məc. dodaqlarını dişləmək |

| |feelings | |

|◘ When he saw her in the room he became very angry, but tried to bite his lips. |

|◘ I had to bite my lips to prevent myself from laughing [32, p.147]. |

|be (get) on your |to behave in a way that shows |özünü hər şeyi bilən kimi ğöstərmək; |

|high horse |you think you are better than |lovğalanmaq; iddia satmaq, təşəxxüslənmək; |

| |other people |meydan sulamaq; at oynatmaq |

|Just because you’ve been to university and I haven’t, you think you can get on your high |

|horse every time we discuss something. Well, you’re wrong! |

|a dark horse|unknown; a political candidate little known to |hər hansı bir işdə az tanınan; |

| |the general voting public; a candidate |məşhur olmayan; seçkidə az |

| |who was not expected to run |tanınmış namizəd |

|Nobody really knows a lot about this team. They are the dark horse in this World Cup. |

|wild horses wouldn’t |used to say that nothing would prevent|heç kimin dediyi ilə |

|drag /make/ stop, |sb from doing sth or make them do sth |oturub-durmamaq; təsir altına |

|etc. sb (do sth) |they don’t want to do |düşməmək; öz bildiyi kimi |

| | |hərəkət etmək |

|◘ I don’t know why you go to discos. You can’t have a conversation and they’re |

|full of smoke and sweaty bodies. Wild horses couldn’t drag me into one of those places. |

|◘ Stu, if he really wanted to, wild horse couldn’t have stopped him [20, p.220]. |

|horse around |to join in rough teasing; play around |vurnuxmaq; ortalıqda gəzmək, var-gəl |

| | |etmək |

|◘ Stop horsing around. You’re going to break something. |

|◘ There was a photograph of all of them three Chrismases before, laughing, their arms |

|around each other, horsing around while an exasperated photographer had begged them to be |

|serious for a moment so he could take their picture [20, p.12]. |

|hand the reins |to retire voluntarily |könüllü istefa vermək; sükanı əldən |

|over | |vermək |

|- So, you’ve decided to take early retirement, Jim? |

|- Yes, I’ve been manager here for twenty years now, it’s time to hand the reins over to |

|someone younger. |

|be/get/ride your |(informal) to behave in a way that |özündən razı olmaq; məc; göylə |

|high horse |shows you think you are better than |getmək, gözü ayağının altını görməmək|

| |other people | |

|I don’t like his manners. He is riding his high horse when he speaks about his father’s |

|position in society. |

♣ FISHING IDIOMS

|English in particular is a language which is rich in idioms associated with fishing. |

|there’s plenty |there are many other people or things |çox; itə daş atırsan oğlana |

|more fish in the |that are as good as the one sb has |(qıza) dəyir; bir kəsin/şeyin çox|

|sea |failed to get |olması |

|- He just phoned me and told me he didn’t want to see me again? |

|- Oh, don’t worry! There’s plenty more fish in the sea. |

|fish for compliments |to try to make someone pay a |tərifi xoşlamaq; tərif üçün |

| |compliment |ürəyi getmək |

|- What do you think of my hair? |

|- Oh, you are fishing for complements, aren’t you? |

|let sb off |to free sb or yourself from a difficult|bir kəsin/özünün canını qurtarmaq; |

|the hook |situation or a punishment |təhlükədən /cəzadan xilas olmaq, kiməsə|

| | |kömək etmək |

|◘ - This is the first time John’s made a mistake. It was a one-off. |

|- Trust him. He’ll be more careful in future. I think we should let him off the hook. |

|◘ It was enough for her, if not for him, and she wasn’t going to let him off the hook that |

|easy [19, p.358]. |

|rise to the | to react when sb is deliberately trying to make |bir kəsin fitfasına |

|bait |you angry or get you interested in sth |getmək |

|Look, the unions want a strike. If we rise to the bait, we’ll be playing right into their |

|hands. |

|cast your |to consider a lot of different |axtardığını əldə etmək üçün fərqli |

|net wider |people, activities, |insanlarla görüşmək, müxtəlif variantları |

| |possibilities, etc. when you are |nəzərdən keçirmək və s.; tilovu uzağa atmaq |

| |looking for sth | |

|This job is too important to advertise in the local papers. If we want to attract a top sales|

|manager, we need to cast our net wider and advertise nationally. |

SECTION TWO

BODY IDIOMS

Bədən üzvləri ilə bağlı olan idiomlar

♣ THE BODY HAS MANY USES

|be on your last |final stages of physical weakness |son gunlərini yaşamaq, axır günləri |

|legs |before dying; the final stage of a |olmaq; yararsız olmaq; səyahətin son |

| |journey |mərhələsi |

|I love my old car, but I’m having more and more problems with it. I think it’s on its last |

|legs. |

|come to a head|if you bring a situation to a head or if a |vəziyyətin/münasibətin son |

| |situation comes to a head, you are forced to |həddə çatması; ağ etmək; |

| |deal with it quickly because it suddenly |kəlləçarxa çıxmaq |

| |becomes very bad | |

|My boy friend and I have always argued quite a lot, but the situation came to a head last |

|week. He accused me of lying. |

|face the fact |to accept that a difficult situation |reallıqla barışmaq; həqiqətlə |

| |exists, although you would prefer not |üzləşmək, həqiqəti qəbul etmək |

| |to | |

|I’m sorry, but we have to face the fact that we’re not getting on. |

|talk behind sb’s|when one is absent; without one’s knowledge |bir kəsin arxasınca danışmaq; |

|back |or consent; in a dishonest way; secretly; |qeybət etmək |

| |sneakily | |

|I can’t trust you any more. You’ve been talking about me behind my back. |

|have an old hand|an experienced and highly skilled expert|bir işdə böyük təcrübəsi olan adam;|

| |at some particular job |məc. qoca qurd |

|He is an excellent chairman. He’s an old hand at controlling difficult people. |

|have/put a brave |to pretend that you feel confident |dözümlü/mətanətli/iradəli olmaq; |

|face |and happy when you don’t |çətinliyə sinə gərmək |

|◘ I know Jane is in a lot of pain, but she puts a brave face on it. |

|◘ Though he put a brave face on it, Julia felt that he was deeply mortified [31, p.45]. |

|have a good head |to have a special talent in a |hər hansı bir işdə |

| |certain area |bacarıqlı/qabiliyyətli olmaq |

|◘ Ask Marianne to help you. She’s got a good head. |

|◘ She has a good sound head and her advice is always worth taking [33, p.99]. |

|dip your toe in/ |(informal) to start doing sth|hər hansı bir işi ehtiyatla görmək; |

|into the water |very carefully to see if it will|ehtiyatı əldən verməyərək işə başlamaq; |

| |be successful or not |ilk addımlarını atmaq |

|It’s the first time I’ve driven a car. I’m dipping my toe in the water. And I’m anxious. |

|get on sb’s nerves |(informal) to annoy sb |bir kəsin əsəbləri ilə oynamaq; kimisə |

| | |hirsləndirmək |

|Stop it! You are getting on my nerves. |

|to be |(slang) too interested in things that don’t |hər işlə maraqlanmaq; burnunu |

|nosey |concern you, especially other people’s affairs |hər yerə soxmaq |

|- Who was that man I saw you with last night? |

|- Don’t be so nosey! It’s none of your business. |

|to shoulder |to accept the |məsuliyyəti üzərinə/boynuna götürmək, məc. çiynində |

| |responsibility for |ağır yük daşımaq |

| |sth | |

| - She’s not her usual self at the moment. Is there something wrong? |

|- I think it’s pressure of work. She has to shoulder a lot of responsibility. |

|get sth off your |to talk about sth that has been worrying |dərdini bölüşmək, ürəyini |

|chest |you for a long time so that you feel |boşaltmaq; yüngülləşmək |

| |anxious | |

|Talk about it! It might help to get it off your chest. |

|put your foot in |to speak carelessly and rudely; hurt |ehtiyatsızlıq etmək; səhv etmək; |

|sth |one’s feelings without intending to |məc. yaraya duz səpmək; yaranı |

| | |qanatmaq |

|- Did you know that Alan and Moira have stopped seeing each other? |

|- Yes, I do now, but I put my foot in it yesterday when I asked when they were getting |

|married. |

|shoot your mouth |(informal) to give opinions without|ağız dolusu danışmaq; özünü öymək, |

|off (about sth) |knowing all the facts; talk as if |tərifləmək; özünü hər şeyi bilən |

| |you know everything |kimi göstərmək |

|Jim doesn’t play tennis very much, but he’s always shooting off his mouth about how good he |

|is. |

|jump down sb’s |(informal) to suddenly become very |qəfildən kiməsə hirslənmək, |

|throat |angry at someone; scold severely or |danlamaq, acıqlanmaq; bir kəsi |

| |angrily |dəng etmək |

|◘ - Don’t be late. You are to be here at 2:30. |

|- I know dad. You don’t have to jump down my throat! I don’t intend to be late. |

|◘ My mother jumped down my brother’s throat when she found out that he got a bad mark. |

|pull sb’s legs|fool someone |bir kəslə məzələnmək; kimisə axmaq/ gülünc vəziyyətə salmaq,|

| | |ələ salmaq |

|◘ - I was invited to take part in this performance. |

|- Oh, really? Come on, you’re pulling my leg! |

|◘ - No, honestly. Do you really think that I’m trying to fool you with a ridiculous story? |

|- Well, you’ve told me foolish stories before. |

|- Of course he was skillfully pulling their legs: the dirty dog [33, p.213]. |

|shake a leg |(old-fashioned, informal) to hurry |cəld olmaq; tələsmək |

|Hey, you always take such a long time to finish your make-up. Come on, shake a leg! |

|be all (fingers and) |awkward, especially with your |biçimsiz, yöndəmsiz, naqolay olmaq;|

|thumbs |hands; clumsy |əlləri əsmək |

|◘ - Hey, Bea. Can you help me out? I don’t seem to be able to button up the back of my |

|dress. |

|- Sure. Let us see if I can do it for you. |

|- I guess I’m all thumbs because I’m so nervous. I’m already late for my date. Well, I |

|suppose that being so nervous would make you clumsy and awkward. |

|◘ She was unreal, like a picture, and yet had an elegance which made Kitty feel all thumbs |

|[33, p.166]. |

|get off sb’s back|(informal) to stop criticizing or|bir kəsi tənqid etməkdən/ dəng |

| |nagging someone |etməkdən/zəhləsini tökməkdən əl çəkmək |

|◘ - Come on, let’s go out and do something. |

|-Sorry, I’m right in the middle of studying for a physics exam. |

|-You’ve been studying for a long time. Take a break: Come on! Let’s go! Forget studying for a|

|while! |

|-Look! Get off my back! I can’t go anywhere! |

|◘ Get off my back! Açıl başımdan! Əl çək! |

|be all |(informal) to be waiting with interest |diqqətlə qulaq asmaq; çox maraqlandığı |

|ears |to hear what sb has to say; very eager |bir məsələni eşitməyə tələsmək; qulağı |

| |to hear; very attentive |bir kəsdə olmaq |

|Go on! Tell me the gossip. What has happened between them. I’m all ears! |

|hear sth by word of mouth |by being told directly |öz qulağı ilə eşitmək |

|I heard about their wedding by word of mouth. Everyone said it was good. |

|poke/stick your |(informal) to try to become involved |başqasının işinə qarışmaq, müdaxilə |

|nose into sth |in sth that doesn’t concern you |etmək; burnunu hər yerə soxmaq |

|Stop poking/sticking your nose into other people’s business! |

|turn your nose up |(informal) to refuse sth, |köməkdən imtina etmək; özünü yekəxana |

|at sth |especially because you don’t |aparmaq; hər şeyi özünə yaraşdırmamaq; məc.|

| |think that it is good enough |burnunu dik tutmaq |

| |for you | |

|You shouldn’t turn your nose up at 300 pounds a week. It’s better than nothing. |

|in the teeth |despite |baxmayaraq, əksinə, ziddinə |

|He achieved it in the teeth of serious opposition. |

|by the skin of your |to escape a |qəzadan güclə can qurtarmaq; möcüzə nəticəsində |

|teeth |disaster |sağ qalmaq |

|He escaped disaster by the skin of his teeth. |

|lying through your |to tell a deliberate |bilərəkdən yalan danışmaq; gözünün içinə kimi |

|teeth |lie |yalan danışmaq |

|I think he is lying through his teeth. I’ve never said any such thing! |

♣ EYE IDIOMS

|with your eyes |having enough experience to |hər hansı bir işdə böyük təcrübəsi |

|closed/ shut |be able to do sth easily |olmaq; bir işi gözü yumulu edə bilmək |

|I’ve driven from London to Edinburgh so many times now I could do it with my eyes closed. |

|eyes in the back |ability to know what happens |ehtiyatlı olmaq; hər şeydən xəbərdar |

|of your head |when your back is turned |olmaq; məc. boynunun ardında da ğözü olmaq|

|You need eyes in the back of your head. |

|in the public |widely known to many people through|diqqət mərkəzində olan, tez-tez ictimai |

|eye |newspapers and television |tədbirlərdə/ekranda görünən, çox tanınan |

| You wouldn’t want to be famous. You live your life in the public eye. |

|be up to your eyes in |to have a lot of sth to |çox çalışmaq, məşğul olmaq; işi başından |

|sth |deal with |aşmaq |

|Sorry, but I’m afraid I have to cancel lunch. I’m up to eyes in work at the moment. How about|

|next week? |

|see eye to eye on |to agree fully; hold |zövqləri üst-üstə düşmək, razılaşmaq; hər şeyə |

|sth |exactly the same opinion |eyni gözlə baxmaq; ümumi dil tapmaq |

|I get on very well with my husband. We see eye to eye on most things. |

|out of the |(informal) without looking at a person or|bir kəsə nəzərə çarpmadan baxmaq, |

|corner of your |thing directly or openly; secretly; |gizli baxmaq; ğözucu baxmaq/ |

|eye |without being noticed |görmək |

|◘ I was lying in my bed when I noticed something moving out of the corner of my eye. I jumped|

|up and turned the light on and saw a snake on my blanket. |

|◘ I look out of the corner of my eye and there he is [16, p.145]. |

|pull the wool |(informal) to fool someone into |bir kəsi aldatmaq; məc. bir kəsin gözünə |

|over sb’s eyes |thinking well of you; deceive |kül üfürmək; kiminsə başına corab hörmək |

|Don’t try to pretend you’ve been working late in the office. I rang and they told me you’d |

|left early. You can’t pull the wool over my eyes. |

|not bat an eyelid (used in |don’t show |heç bir reaksiya verməmək; gözünü qırpmamaq;|

|negative sentences) |surprise; fearless |hisslərini biruzə verməmək |

|- They offered you double your salary? What did you do? Fall off your chair? |

|- No, I did not bat an eyelid, I looked straight at them and said it wasn’t enough. |

|turn a blind eye|to pretend not to see; |ğöz yummaq; fıkır verməmək; bir şeyin üstündən |

| |not pay attention |keçmək; özünü görməməzliyə vurmaq |

|- He was rather rude to you yesterday, wasn’t he? Have you spoken to him? |

|- No, I decided to turn a blind eye to it. He’s under a lot of pressure at work. |

|keep an eye on |to watch carefully; not stop |fikir vermək; nəzarət etmək; gözü bir |

|somebody/ something |paying attention to |kəsin/şeyin üstündə olmaq; muğayat olmaq |

|- Are you coming with us? |

|- No, I’ll stay here and keep an eye on our things. |

|(not be able to) take |to find sb/sth so |çox diqqət yetirmək; gözünü bir |

|your eyes off sb/sth |interesting, attractive, etc. |kəsdən/ şeydən çəkə bilməmək; |

| |that you watch them all the time |heyran olmaq |

|- I think Steve rather likes Andrea, don’t you? He spent the whole evening talking to her and|

|ignoring everyone else. |

|- You can say that again! He couldn’t take his eyes off her. |

|run your eye over sth |to look at or examine sth quickly|bir şeyə nəzər salmaq, gözdən |

| | |keçirmək |

|Leave your report here, I’ll run my eye over it. |

|raise your |(disapproval) to show that you |bir şeyə təəccüblənmək; insanları |

|eyebrows (at sth)|disapprove of or are surprised by |şoka salmaq, şübhələndirmək; məəttəl |

|(often passive) |sth; to shock people; cause surprise |qoymaq/qalmaq; məc. qaşlarını |

| |or disapproval |qaldırmaq |

|◘ I think you should have kept quiet about the baby! It raised a few eyebrows. |

|◘ Eyebrows were raised when she informed that she was going to have a baby. |

♣ FACE IDIOMS

|do sth till you |(informal) to try to do sth as hard and|ciddi-cəhdlə bir şeyə nail olmağa |

|are blue in the |as long as you possibly can but without|çalışmaq; məc. nəfəsin kəsilənə |

|face |success; very angry or upset; excited |kimi; gözün kəllənə çıxana kimi |

| |and very emotional | |

|You can keep asking till you’re blue in the face. I’m not going to change my mind. |

|take sth at | to believe that sth is what it appears to |bir şeyi ğöründüyü kimi/olduğu |

|face value |be, without questioning; the seeming worth |kimi qə-bul etmək, bir şeyin |

| |or truth of sth |görünən/zahiri tərəfi |

|You can never take what she says at face value. |

|to sb’s face |to say directly |sözün düzünü üzə demək; birbaşa demək |

|Everybody knows he is a wrong person, but nobody says it to his face. |

|fall flat on your | to fail completely, usually |bir şeyin uğursuz alınması; biabır olmaq, |

|face |causing embarrassment |gülünc vəziyyətə düşmək |

|◘ He once fell flat on his face as he was trying to give a major speech. |

|◘ His final lecture fell flat on its face. |

|be written all |(of a feeling) to be very obvious to |üzündən görünmək, üzünə |

|over your face |other people from the expression on sb’s face |yazılmaq |

|◘ It must have been you. It’s written all over your face. |

|◘ The magnitude of her loss was written all over her face, … [21, p.343]. |

|disappear/vanish off the |to disappear |yoxa çıxmaq, qeyb olmaq; yerin altına |

|face of the earth |completely |girmək |

|Have you seen my keys? I put them down five minutes ago and now they’ve disappeared off the |

|face of the earth. |

|face the music|(informal) to go through trouble or danger, especially |danlanmaq; tənqidə |

| |because of sth you did; accept your punishment |tuş gəlmək |

|◘ - He didn’t back up his computer last night and it crashed again. |

|- He’s with the boss at the moment, no doubt facing the music. |

|◘ “I was thinking that it’s time for you to go back to Washington and face the music”|

|[19, p.412]. |

|get a long face |to look sad; |kədərli görünmək, qaş-qabağını tökmək; məc. burnunu |

| |disappointed look |sallamaq |

|Why have you got such a long face? Has something happened I don’t know about? |

|put a face to a | |yaxından tanış olmaq; adını eşidib, üzünü də görmək; bir kəslə |

|name | |əyani tanış olmaq |

|It’s nice to meet you at last, Mr. Lee. It’s good to be able to put a face to a name. - |

|Nəhayət ki, sizinlə tanış olduq, Cənab Li. Adınızı eşitmişdik, üzünüzü də görə bildik (Yüz |

|eşitməkdənsə bir görmək yaxşıdır). |

♣ FINGERS AND THUMBS IDIOMS

|fingers |to believe in luck |uğura inanmaq (barmaqları çarpaz bir-birinin üstünə |

|crossed | |qoymaq və işin uğurlu alınacağına inanmaq) |

|- I’ve got my final exam tomorrow. |

|- Good luck I’ll keep my fingers crossed. |

|twist (wrap; wind) sb |(informal) to persuade sb to do |bir kəsi təsir altına almaq; |

|round your little |anything that you want |barmağına dolamaq, fırlatmaq |

|finger | | |

|- Danny and Sane have a strange relationship, she gets her own way all the time. |

|- Oh, yes. She can twist him round her little finger. |

|have something at |to have the information, knowledge, etc. |lazım olan məlumatın, biliyin əl|

|your finger-tips |that is needed in a particular situation |altında olması; axtardığını |

| |and be able to find it easily and use it |asanlıqla tapmaq və istifadə |

| |quickly |etmək |

|- I see so, you can put all the data onto the computer network. |

|- That’s right. Then any information you need is at your finger-tips immediately. |

|green fingers|a talent for gardening; ability to make |bağbanlıq qabiliyyəti, güllərdən baş|

| |things grow |çıxarma |

|- I don’t know what I am doing wrong. My plants are dying. |

|- Speak to Nina. She’s the one with green fingers. |

|be under sb’s |(of a person) obedient to you; |qorxaq/arvadağız olmaq; bir kəsin təsiri |

|thumb |controlled by you; under your |altında olmaq; bir kəsə itaət etmək; |

| |power |qapazaltı olmaq |

|- I’m going to ask Tony if he wants to come away with us on the golf weekend. |

|- He won’t come. His wife won’t let him. He’s totally under her thumb. |

|finger on the |to always be aware of the most recent |məlumatlı olmaq; hər şeydən |

|pulse |developments in a particular situation |xəbəri olmaq |

|- Does anybody know who the new Personnel manager is going to be? |

|- I have no idea. Ask Chris. He’s got his finger on the pulse. |

|count the fingers |used to say that the total |bir kəsin/şeyin ümumi sayının az olması; |

|of one hand |number of sb /sth is very small|barmaq hesabı saymaq, çox az |

|◘ - My boy friend took me out to a lovely restaurant last night. |

|- Lucky you. I can count the fingers of one hand the number of times my husband’s taken me |

|out for a meal recently. |

|◘ I love it here. It’s so peaceful. You can count the number of cars you see here in a week |

|on the fingers of one hand. |

♣ FOOT IDIOMS

|think on your |to think quickly; answer or act without |cəld cavab vermək, hazırcavab |

|feet |waiting; know what to do or say right away |olmaq; gözüyumulu cavab vermək|

|People ask you the most unexpected questions in this job. You really have to think on your |

|feet. |

|fall/land on |to get yourself out of trouble without |vəziyyətdən çıxmaq; bəxti |

|your feet |damage or injury and sometimes with a gain; |gətirmək; sudan quru çıxmaq |

| |be successful no matter what happens | |

|◘ - Has your sister found a job yet? |

|- Didn’t I tell you? She’s got a wonderful job in the city company car, incentives, bonuses,|

|etc. She’s really landed on her feet. |

|◘ No matter what trouble he gets into, he always seems to land on his feet. |

|find your feet |to become able to act independently and |müstəqil və özünə inamlı addım |

| |with confidence |atmaq; şəraitə uyğunlaşmaq |

|I’ve got a new job. I think it’ll take me a couple of weeks to find my feet. |

|drag your feet |to be deliberately slow in |bir işi/qərarı bilərəkdən uzatmaq; ləng |

|(or heels) |doing sth or in making a |tərpənmək; məc. ayaqlarını dartmaq/ sürümək|

| |decision | |

|◘ I’m having my flat decorated at the moment. They’re supposed to finish it today but |

|they’ve been dragging their feet so it’ll probably be Friday now. |

|◘ He had been thinking about doing a book about it, but he’d been dragging his feet about |

|doing the research [20, p.250]. |

|stand on your own feet |to depend on yourself; do |müstəqil həyata atılmaq, sərbəst |

|(stand on your own two |things yourself; earn your own|yaşamaq, müstəqil olmaq; məc. |

|feet) |living; be independent |ayaqları üstə möhkəm dayanmaq |

|You can’t live with your parents forever, Victor. You’re twenty-six. It’s time you were |

|standing on your own two feet. |

|put your foot down |to take a decided stand; be |qəti addım atmaq; ölçü götürmək; |

| |stubborn in decision |fikrində/mövqeyində möhkəm olmaq |

|◘ I don’t mind my son going to discos and clubs but I had to put my foot down when he started|

|coming home as late as two or three in the morning. |

|◘ Micheal was always there to put his foot down [31, p.147]. |

|get/start off on the |(informal) to start a relationship |bir kəslə pis yola getmək, yola|

|wrong foot (with sb) |badly; make a bad start; begin with a|getməmək; pis başlamaq |

| |mistake | |

|I get on very well with my flat mate now but we got off on the wrong foot because she used to|

|play her music so loud. It was fine after we’d talked about it. |

|be dead on |very tired but still standing or |əldən düşmək, yorğun olmaq; məc. ayaq|

|your feet |walking; too tired to do more; exhausted|üstə ölmək/güclə dayanmaq |

|I worked for thirteen hours yesterday. I was dead on my feet when I got home. |

|be rushed/ run off |to be extremely busy; to have |çox məşğul olmaq; işi başından aşmaq; |

|your feet |too many things to do |başını qaşımağa vaxtı olmamaq |

|- Have you had a busy day? You look exhausted. |

|- Yes, it was the first day of the sale. We were rushed off our feet. |

|set foot in/ on sth (used |to step, walk, go; to enter or |getmək/ baş çəkmək; ayaq basmaq|

|with negative) |visit a place | |

|- So, you had a good time in the village, then? |

|- Yes, but I hope I never set foot in that place again. There is lots of rain there. |

|keep your feet on the |an understanding of what |nə etdiyini bilmək; ağlı başında olmaq; |

|ground (used with a |can be done; sensible ideas|ağlını itirməmək; yolunu azmamaq; məc. |

|possessive) | |ayaq üstə möhkəm durmaq |

|- It’s my first job, and they are giving me a company car! And the salary is twice what I |

|expected. What do you think of that, then? |

|- Just keep your feet on the ground, son! That’s all I can say! |

♣ HAND IDIOMS

|live from hand |to live on little money and spend it as |qənaət edə bilməmək; büdcədən yemək;|

|to mouth |fast as it comes in; live without saving|güclə dolanmaq |

| |for the future | |

|◘ People who live from hand to mouth never save for tomorrow. |

|◘ These days are the hardest days of my life. We are just living from hand to mouth. We |

|aren’t able to save anything, but we manage. |

|have your hands |to be very busy with lots to |işi başından aşmaq; başını qaşımağa vaxtı |

|full |do |olmamaq |

|◘ If you have got your hands full, you are very busy with lots to do. |

|◘ - I wonder if you can help me about the house. I don’t feel well nowadays. |

|- Normally I would, but I have got my hands full these days. My mother is in bed and I have |

|to look after her. |

|get out of hand |out of control |nəyisə əldən vermək, vəziyyətə nəzarət edə |

| | |bilməmək |

|◘ If things get out of hand, they get out of control. |

|◘ - Come on, there is a fight between Farid and Anar. |

|- Don’t worry. I’ll call the police if things get out of hand. |

|have a big |it means that you’ve had a |hər işdə əli olmaq; işlərin öhdəsindən gəlmək; |

|hand |lot of influence over sth |rəhbərlik etmək; böyük əməyi/zəhməti olmaq |

|- Thank you for organizing such an excellent meeting. |

|- Thanks you, but don’t forget Maria. She had a big hand in all the planning as well. |

|turn your hand to | it means you are able to |əlini hər işə atmaq; hər işi |

|something |everything |bacarmaq |

|He can turn his hand to almost anything; sport, painting, music. He’s good at everything. |

|fall into sb’s right hands |to be gained by sb |yaxşı əllərə düşmək |

|It is a good thing my papers have fallen into the right hands. |

|fall into wrong hands |(formal) to become controlled by |pis əllərə düşmək |

| |sb | |

|This report is strictly confidential. If it fell into the wrong hands we would all be in |

|serious trouble. |

|(not) the right hand | |sağ əl, sol əlin nə iş gördüyünü bilmir; sağın soldan xəbəri |

|knows | |yoxdur |

|The problem with this company is communication. Half the time the right hand doesn’t know |

|what the left hand is doing. |

|take your own hands|to deal with a particular situation because |işləri öz |

| |you are not happy with the way the others are |əlinə/öhdəsinə/himayəsinə |

| |dealing with |götürmək |

|I don’t care if you know who did this to your car, you shouldn’t deal with it yourself. Call |

|the police. You can’t take the law into your own hands. |

|change hands|to change or transfer ownership |əldən-ələ keçmək, başqasının əlinə keçmək; |

| | |satılmaq |

|- Let’s go to the Greek restaurant we went to last year. It was nice. |

|- It’s a Chinese restaurant now. It changed hands last September. |

|out of |if you reject, etc. sth out of hand, you do|oxumadan/müzakirə etmədən bir şeyə |

|hand |so immediately without thinking about it |etiraz etmək; bir şeyin üzünə |

| |fully or listening to other people’s |baxmadan qaytarmaq, əldən qaytarmaq |

| |arguments | |

|My boss rejected my report out of hand. |

|have time on your hands |to have time to spare |boş vaxtı olmaq |

|- We’re repairing the house at the moment, it’s taking ages. |

|- Don’t worry. I can give you a hand. I’ve got a bit of time on my hands. |

|get your hands on |to read everything and anything |əlinə keçəni oxumaq |

|- I wonder how you have got the information. You can answer nearly everything what you are |

|asked about. |

|- I read very widely. In fact, I read everything I can get my hands on. |

|give sb a hand (or lend a |to give a hand; make yourself useful;|bir kəsə kömək etmək/əl |

|hand) |help |tutmaq |

|Your luggage looks heavy. Let me give you a hand. |

♣ HEAD IDIOMS

|have your head in |far from real life; to have ideas, |real həyatdan uzaq; göylərdə |

|the clouds |plans, etc. that are not realistic |uçmaq; xəyala qapılmaq |

|He is typical teenager. No sense of responsibility. He thinks he’ll walk into a job. I know |

|he has got his head in the clouds most of the time. |

|make head or tail of (used in |to see the why of; finding |başa düşmək/ baş açmaq; |

|negative, conditional, and |a meaning in; understand |bir şeyin səbəbini |

|interrogative sentences) | |anlamaq |

|- I’ve read the instruction booklet, but I couldn’t understand it. |

|- I’ve looked at it too, and can’t make head or tail of it, either. |

|do something standing|(informal) to be able to do sth very |bir işi çox asanlıqla etmək; |

|on your head |easily and without having to think too|gözü yumulu edə bilmək |

| |much | |

|- Is it difficult to make a home page or a website? |

|- Not really. I’ve done so many now I could do it standing on my head. |

|be head and shoulders|to be much better than |digərlərindən fərqlənmək, fərqli olmaq, |

|above sb/sth |other people or things |başqa insanlardan/şeylərdən çox üstün olmaq;|

| | |başbilən olmaq |

|He is still top of the family. He is head and shoulders above the rest, as always. |

|put/lay your |to risk losing your job, damaging|hərəkətləri/danışığı ilə özünü |

|head/neck on the |your reputation, etc. by doing or|(işini) təhlükə altında qoymaq; |

|block |saying sth |başını cəncələ/bəlaya salmaq |

|- Sorry about the mistakes, but none of them was very serious. |

|- That’s easy for you to say, but it’s my head that’s on the block, not yours! |

|go right over your|not understandable; beyond your ability to |başa düşülməyən, başına |

|head |understand; too hard or strange for you to |batmayan, ağlı bir şey |

| |understand |kəsməmək |

|I listened to this problem of yours but it went right over my head. Nonsense! |

|keep your head |to remain solvent; manage to|çulunu sudan çıxarmaq; güc -bəla ilə |

|above water |stay out of debt |dolanmaq, birtəhər dolanmaq; borca düşməmək |

|The first two years of running this business were very hard. We just about managed to keep |

|our heads above water. |

|need (to have) your |(informal) to be |dəli olmaq; məc. ağlına dua yazdırmaq; ağlı |

|head examined |crazy |çaşmaq; başını həkimə yoxlatmaq/göstərmək |

|If you think I’m going to lend you money again, you need your head examined. |

|bury/hide your |to refuse to admit that a |təkidlə real faktları nəzərə almadan boyun |

|head in the sand |problem exists or refuse to |qaçırmaq; məc. başını kola soxmaq; başının |

| |deal with it |altına yastıq qoymaq |

|This is a problem we have to face. We can’t bury our heads in the sand and hope it will go |

|away. |

|put heads |to cooperate with someone else in |bir yerə yığılıb məsləhətləşmək, bir |

|together |order to find the solution to a |yerdə müzakirə etmək; məc. külüngü bir |

| |given problem |yerə vurmaq |

|I’m sure we can find a solution to this problem if we all put our heads together. |

♣ HEART IDIOMS

|The heart has always been seen as one of the most important organs in the body, |

|perhaps the most important. |

|close/dear/near to|having a lot of |bir kəsin qəlbinə yaxın olmaq, bir kəslə/şeylə |

|your heart |importance and interest |maraqlanmaq, marağına uyğun olmaq; nəyə görəsə |

| |for sb |narahat olmaq |

|You know, this problem has always been close to my heart. |

|have a heart |a kind, generous, or forgiving |saf qəlbli olmaq, xeyirxah olmaq, qızıl kimi |

|of gold |nature |qəlbi olmaq |

|◘ - My mother is a great help to us. And she does so much for her neighbours as well. |

|- Yes, people are always saying she’s got a heart of gold. |

|◘ They shared most of the same views, she had a heart of gold, ... [18, p.51]. |

|have a heart of stone |a nature without pity |zalım, qəddar, daşürəkli olmaq |

|◘ He has a heart of stone. He often hits his wife. ◘ My mother has a mind like a whip, and a|

|heart of stone [41, p.136]. |

|heart is |used to say that you are (not) very |bir şeyə aludə olmaq/ürəyini qoymaq; bir |

|(not) in sth|interested in or enthusiastic about |şeyə istəyi/həvəsi olmaq (olmamaq); |

| |sth |maraqlanmaq |

|- I’ve decided to give up my piano lessons. I just don’t seem to be getting anywhere. |

|- Well, there’s no point continuing if your heart is not in it. |

|in your heart of |deep down where it really matters; in one’s |qəlbinin dərinliyində|

|hearts |innermost feelings | |

|◘ - The job in America came to nothing. Are you disappointed? |

|- Not really. In my heart of hearts, I didn’t really want to leave Britain. |

|◘ And she prayed daily that He would let her keep her father, but in her heart of hearts, she|

|knew that wasn’t going to happen [19, p.95]. |

|have a change |if you have a change of heart, your attitude |niyyətini/məqsədini/məramı|

|of heart |towards sth changes usually making you feel more |nı dəyişmək |

| |friendly, helpful, etc | |

|- Why are Tom and Julia going back to Australia? I thought they were going to stay for |

|another six months. |

|- That’s the plan but they’ve had a change of heart. They’re homesick. |

|a man/woman after your |a man/woman who likes the same |eyni şeyləri xoşlayan, eyni fikirdə|

|own heart |things or has the same opinions |olan, ar-zuları üst-üstə düşən |

| |as you |insanlar |

|◘ - I like most sports really -especially | |- Mən idmanı sevirəm, xüsusilə reqbini. |

|rugby. | |- Əsl mənim adamımsan. Mən də reqbini |

|- Oh, a man after my own heart. I really | |sevirəm. |

|love rugby! | | |

|◘ He had an idea that everybody in the room was a man after his own heart, that everything |

|was glorious, everything was perfect [22, p.27]. |

|have heart-to-heart|speaking freely and seriously |dərdləşmək; səmimi söhbət etmək; |

|about sth |about something private |ürəyini bir-birinə açmaq |

|- Where’s Lisa? She’s not at her desk. |

|- She’s in David’s office. They’re having a heart-to-heart about her future. |

|break sb’s heart |to make sb feel very |bir kəsi məyus etmək, kədərləndirmək; bir |

| |unhappy or hopeless |kəsin qəlbini sındırmaq/parçalamaq |

|◘ My car has finally come to the end of its life. I’ve had it for 20 years. It’ll break my |

|heart to say good- bye to it. |

|◘ “Have you broken my heart and ruined my whole life just to keep me in your rotten theatre?”|

|[31, p. 43]. |

|not have the heart|to be unable to do sth because you know that it |ürəyi gəlməmək; cürət |

|(to do sth) |will make sb feel sad or upset; not be insensitive |etməmək |

| |or cruel | |

|◘ Simon asked if he could play the piano at the wedding. I know he’s not very good but I |

|didn’t have the heart to say no. |

|◘ Crystal was tired, but she didn’t have the heart to refuse her [19, p.169]. |

|heart sink |to lose hope, courage, or |ümidini, cəsarətini itirmək; |

| |eagerness; be very disappointed |kədərlənmək; məc. ürəyi düşmək |

|◘ My heart sank when I saw how much washing up there was in the kitchen. |

|◘ Her heart sank because she knew she had lost something … [31, p.50]. |

SECTION THREE

CLOTHES IDIOMS

Geyimlə bağlı işlənən idiomlar

♣ CLOTHES MAKE THE MAN AND THE WOMAN

|fit like a glove| to fit perfectly |yaraşmaq; əyninə oturmaq; üstünə biçilmək, ölçüsünə |

| | |uyğun olmaq |

|This coat fits you like a glove. |

|get/have/ keep |to keep a plan or an idea secret; kept|gizli bir fikri və yaxud planı |

|sth up your |secrectly ready for the right time or |olmaq; ehtiyatda (boxçada) bir şey |

|sleeve |for a time when needed |saxlamaq; ehtiyatlı olmaq; hər şeyi |

| | |öz vaxtında istifadə etmək |

|◘ It’s my sister’s birthday tomorrow, but I haven’t bought or planned anything yet, mother |

|calms me because she always has got something up her sleeve. |

|◘ I think you are keeping something up your sleeve. What’s it? Come on. Tell me, I’m all |

|ears. |

|be in sb’s shoes|in or into one’s |bir kəslə eyni vəziyyətdə olmaq; özünü kiminsə yerinə |

|(boots) |place or position |qoymaq, başqasının vəziyyətini başa düşmək |

|◘ The director asked Kate to break the news to the people who are losing their jobs. Poor |

|Kate. I wouldn’t like to be in her shoes. |

|◘ You know, it’s a very good plan to put yourself in somebody else’s shoes and ask yourself |

|how you would act in his place [33, p.56]. |

|on a shoestring |(informal) using very little |çox az pul istifadə etmək/ xərcləmək, az |

| |money; with little money to |məbləğ pul ilə işə başlamaq; bir işi özünü |

| |spend; on a very low budget |sıxaraq (pul barədə) görmək |

|- We just can’t compete with bigger companies. |

|- I know. We have to do everything on a shoestring. |

|get your knickers |to become angry, confused or |bərk əsəbiləşmək, acıqlanmaq, özündən |

|in a twist |upset |çıxmaq; məc. tumanını başına çevirmək |

|- The dinner is not ready. I still haven’t washed my hair. The place is mess, What am I going|

|to do? |

|- Just calm down! Don’t get your knickers in a twist. |

|tighten your |to live on less money than usual; use |qənaət etmək (pula, yeməyə); məc. |

|belt |less food and other things |özünü sıxmaq |

|◘ People are having to tighten their belt just to survive till better times return. |

|◘ When my husband lost his job we had to tighten our belts. |

|fill sb’s shoes|to take the place of another and do as |bir kəsin vəzifəsini |

| |well; to substitute satisfactorily for |(vakansiyasını) tutmaq; bir kəsin |

| | |yerini tutmaq |

|She is going to a new job in New York. We are going to miss her. It won’t be easy to find |

|someone to fill her shoes. |

|pull your socks |to try to do better, either in |qolunu çırmayıb işə girişmək/başlamaq; |

|up |terms of one’s behaviour or at a |işi daha yaxşı görmək üçün ciddi-cəhdlə |

| |task one is performing |çalışmaq |

|You are going to fail this course unless you pull your socks up. |

|wear the |(often disapproving) (especially |evin kişisi olmaq (qadın haq.); |

|trousers (pants)|of a woman) to have a man’s authority; |kişini (ərini) qapazaltı etmək; evdə|

| |be the boss of a family or household |hökmranlıq etmək |

|She’s the one who wears the trousers in their house. |

|talk through |to say something without knowing or |cəfəngiyyat danışmaq; ağlına |

|your hat |understanding the facts; talk foolishly or |gələni danışmaq, sayıqlamaq |

| |ignorantly | |

|Don’t listen to what he’s saying. He’s talking through his hat. |

|a wet blanket |(informal, disapproving) a person or |darıxdırıcı adam; öz hərəkətləri ilə |

| |thing that keeps others from |başqalarının sevincini/kefini və s. |

| |enjoying life; dull or boring person |pozan adam; başqasının kefinə soğan |

| | |doğrayan |

|◘ James was not invited to go on the outing with the rest of the group because he’s such a |

|wet blanket. On many previous occasions he has kept others from enjoying themselves by his |

|pessimism and lack of enthusiasm. It’s understandable that no one wants him around. |

|◘ He danced rottenly, he was a wet blanket at a party [33, p.50]. |

|keep under your hat|keep sth a secret tell |bir şeyi sirr/gizli saxlamaq; heç kimə heç |

| |nobody |nə deməmək |

|Although the contestants were more anxious to know who won the prizes in the piano |

|competition, the judges kept the results under their hats. They kept the results a secret so |

|that the formal announcements could be made in public at the awards ceremony. |

|dressed to |wear your finest clothing |ziyafət paltarını geyinmək, ən yaxşı/ağlı başdan |

|kill | |alan paltarını geyinmək |

|The reception for the new Swedish ambassador at the Lennison’s was quite lavish. |

|Naturally, everybody was dressed to kill. Everyone was dressed in their finest, most elegant |

|clothes. |

|blow/knock sb’s |(informal) to surprise or impress sb |bir kəsi təəccübləndirmək, şoka |

|socks off |very much; enthuse and excite |salmaq, çaşdırmaq |

|- Hi, John. What’s new? |

|- Oh, nothing too much with me, but you ought to see Alfriedo’s new car. It’ll |

|knock your socks off! |

|- So, he finally got that Italian sports car he’s been dreaming. |

|lose your shirt |lose a great deal of money |var-yoxdan çıxmaq; çox pul itirmək |

|- I happened to bump into Doug at lunch yesterday afternoon. |

|- What’s new with Doug these days? |

|- He wasn’t doing so well. For one thing, he told me he lost his shirt at the races. |

|- He has always liked to bet on the horses. I’m not surprised that he lost great deal of |

|money. |

|in stitches |(informal) laughing so hard that the |qəşş etmək; gülməkdən ürəyi getmək; |

| |sides ache; laughing very hard |qarnını tutana qədər gülmək |

|Danny was hilarious at the party the other night. He had us all in stitches! I didn’t realize|

|that he was such a comedian. |

|dressed to the |dressed elegantly |dəbdəbəli geyinmək; səliqəli, eleqant |

|teeth | |geyinmək |

|- Did you see Hilda at the party last night? |

|- Yes, I did. She was really dressed to the teeth! |

|- Well, she had on her finest, most elegant clothing because she was out to make a good |

|impression on Bill. |

SECTION FOUR

COLOUR IDIOMS

Rəng adları ilə işlənən idiomlar

♣ BLACK/WHITE

|a white lie |an innocent social excuse; not serious and sometimes |yüngül yalan; qərəzsiz |

| |saves embarrasement |yalan |

|- I think you didn’t like Anar’s new picture. Am I right? |

|- Yes, you’re right, I didn’t want to upset him so I told him a white lie. |

|be/look as white |(at the skin) pale because of emotion or|solğun/xəstə görünmək; rəngi |

|as a sheet |illness |solğun; kağiz kimi ağ olmaq |

|- I don’t feel very well. I’d better go to bed. |

|- Yes, go and lie. You look as white as a sheet. |

|a white elephant|unwanted property, such as real estate, that is |artıq yük; lazımsız (əşya, |

| |hard to sell |mülk) |

|◘ I should never have bought this piano. My children never play on it. It just takes up |

|space. It’s a bit of a while elephant. Let’s sell it. |

|◘ … his truly English pragmatism, couldn’t help feeling that Micheal would be well rid of a |

|white elephant [27, p.66]. |

|a black look |an angry one |hirsli/qəzəbli/kinli baxış |

|My father didn’t say a word to me as I came home late yesterday. He only gave me a black |

|look. It was enough for me. |

|a black spot |a dangerous road or corner |təhlükəli yol/yer; ölüm nöqtəsi |

|Be careful driving along here. It’s a real black spot. Three people were killed in an |

|accident only last week. |

|a black picture |a depressing one |qəmgin/kədərli mənzərə |

|◘ Things are bad, I’m afraid. We might have leave 50 workers this year and some of the others|

|next year. Sorry to paint such a black picture, but that’s the reality. |

|◘ He painted such a black picture and he was so sorry for himself that his father had to |

|laugh with gentle humor [19, p.324]. |

|a black economy |unofficial and illegal |qeyri-qanuni yolla qazanılan var-dövlət; qara |

| | |iqtisadiyyat |

|Every country has a black economy, but I think it is bigger in our country than others. |

|the blackest day of |a day of great unhappiness;|bir kəsin həyatının ən pis günü; ən |

|one’s life |a disaster |qara/kədərli gün |

|When I heard his death I became frightened. It was the blackest day of my life. |

|in black and white|in print or in writing; words on paper, |yazılı formada, çap olunmuş |

| |not spoken |formada; kağız üzərində |

|- Good news, Andy. I’ve just heard we’re finally getting that pay rise we were |

|promised-starting from next month. |

|- I’ll believe it when I see it in black and white. |

|black or white (of tea or | without milk; with milk |südsüz və ya südlə olan çay/kofe |

|coffee) |added | |

|- Can I have a coffee, please? |

|- Certainly. Black or white? |

|- Black, please. |

♣ RED/BLUE

|once in a blue |very rarely; very seldom; |ayda/ildə bir dəfə, az-az, nadir |

|moon |almost never |hallarda |

|I’ve a lot of work to do. I don’t have any time for entertainment. I even meet my close |

|friends once in a blue moon. |

|give someone a red|a sign of special welcome |bir kəsi yaxşı qarşılamaq, üzünə xoş baxmaq; |

|carpet treatment |or attention for an |ayağının altına xalça döşəmək; ayağının |

| |important visitor |altında qurban kəsmək |

|When we receive foreign presidents at the airport we give them the red carpet treatment. |

|paint the town |to go out to drink and have|yaxşı vaxt keçirmək; bir şeyi geniş şəkildə qeyd|

|red |a good time; celebrate |etmək; səhərə kimi gəzib-dolaşmaq; içki məclisi |

| |wildly; carouse |düzəltmək, eyş-işrətlə məşğul olmaq |

|After my birthday party, I and my friends didn’t stay at home. We painted the town red. |

|do sth till you are |(informal) to try to do sth as hard and as |nəfəsin kəsilənə |

|blue in the face |long as you possibly can but without |kimi/gözün kəllənə |

| |success; very angry or upset; excited and |çıxana qədər çalışmaq |

| |very emotional | |

|Look, you’ve asked me fifty times already and you can keep asking until you’re blue in the |

|face, but the answer is still “No”. |

|blue handed |to be caught while |cinayət üstündə yaxalanmaq; oğurluq malı kiminsə əlində|

| |stealing |tutmaq |

|- I’m sure that Robert stole my money. |

|- How can you be sure of that? Did you see it? |

|- One of my friends saw it. He was caught blue-handed. |

|blue-eyed boy |(informal, often disapproving) a person |bir kəsin sevimlisi olan |

| |treated with special favour by sb |adam; bir kəsin əziz-xələfi |

|- My brother is the director’s favourite worker. He never hurts him. Generally, all are nice |

|to him at work. |

|- Oh, yes. I know him. He can do no wrong. He is the blue-eyed man. |

|blue movies |an obscene or pornographic film/movie, etc |pornoqrafiya filmi |

|- Will you watch this new late-night cinema? |

|- No, thanks. I heard that they show blue movies. I’m not interested in them. |

|a red rag to a bull |an extraordinarily powerful |bir kəsi özündən çıxarmaq/cırnatmaq; |

|(like waving a red |irritant that provokes |dəliyə döndərmək; məc. cin atına |

|flag in front of a |violent reaction |mindirmək |

|bull) | | |

|I become quite aggressive when my parents speak about their jobs at the dinner table. It’s |

|like a red rag to a bull. |

|a bolt from/out |something sudden and unexpected; an |qəflətən, gözlənilmədən baş verən |

|of the blue/sky |event that you did not see coming; a |hadisə; şok hadisə; yaxşı və ya |

| |great and unpleasant surprise; shock |xoş olmayan sürpriz/xəbər |

|◘ - Didn’t you know about your promotion? |

|- Of course, not. Totally unexpected. It was like a bolt out of the blue. |

|◘ “I always get the feeling you’re waiting for bolts of lightning to come down from |

|the sky before you decide it’s right” [19, p.177]. |

|be in the red |(informal) in an unprofitable |əli aşağı olmaq (pul barədə); zərərdə olmaq,|

| |way; so as to lose money |çox pul itirmək |

|- What’s the matter with you? You look worried? Is everything OK? |

|- Not really. I’m in the red again. I’m having real money problems. |

|a red-letter day |a holiday; memorable day (usually |unudulmaz/yadda qalan gün; bayram |

| |printed in red on calendars) |günləri (təqvimdə qırmızı ilə |

| | |göstərilmiş günlər) |

|- Did you pass your final exam? |

|- Oh, I passed it two days ago. It was really difficult. The day I passed was a red-letter |

|day for me. I remember it like it was yesterday. |

|see red |(informal) to become very angry |acıqlanmaq, hövsələdən çıxmaq; məc. cin atına |

| | |minmək; ağlını itirmək, dəliyə dönmək |

|◘ My friend accused me of lying. Can you believe it? I just saw red and started shouting at |

|her. |

|◘ Whenever anyone teased my sister about her weight, she saw red. |

SECTION FIVE

PEOPLE’S FEELINGS IN PARTICULAR SITUATIONS

Müxtəlif vəziyyətlərdə insan hisslərini əks etdirən idiomlar

♣ WHEN THINGS GO WRONG

|a lemon |(informal) a thing that is useless because it |bir şeyin qüsurlu /xarab |

| |doesn’t work as it should; something defective |olması |

|◘ - Have you seen Joanne’s new car yet? |

|- Yeah. It looks good, but she’s had nothing but problems with it. |

|- That’s too bad. It sounds like she got a real lemon. |

|- She sure did! No sooner did she drive it home from the dealer’s than it proved defective and|

|started breaking down. |

|◘ “Mother, our fridge is a lemon,” my sister bitterly complained. |

|out of the woods |out of danger |təhlükəsiz, təhlükədən uzaq |

|Although Eric was well on his way to recovering from his bout with pneumonia, he was still not|

|out of the woods. |

|get up on the wrong |to be bad-tempered for the whole |xüsusi səbəb olmadan bütün günü |

|side of the bed |day for no particular reason; to |kefsiz olmaq, yuxudan oya- |

| |wake with a bad temper |nandan kefsiz/qaşqabaqlı olmaq |

|- What’s the matter with Bernard today? He started shouting from the moment he stepped into |

|the office. |

|- I don’t know. He usually doesn’t act that way at all. I guess he got up on the wrong side of|

|the bed. |

|out on a limb |(informal) in a risky |təhlükəli/riskli vəziyyətə düşmək; işə |

| |position |düşmək |

|The members of the committee realized that their position against expanding the student aid |

|program was an unpopular one, and that they were going out on a limb by voting against the |

|program. |

|what’s eating her, etc.?|(informal) used to ask |bir kəsin narahatçılığının, əsəbiliyinin |

| |what sb is annoyed or |səbəbini soruşmaq; onun qəlbini didən |

| |worred about |nədir? |

|◘ - Hey, Alice. What’s been eating you lately? Don’t you realize how rude and irritable |

|you’ve become? |

|- I know. I’m really sorry for the way I’ve been acting. |

|- Well, why don’t you tell me what has been bothering and upsetting you and maybe we can work |

|your problem out together. |

|◘ “What’s eating you?” [19, p.215]. |

|get the ax |(informal) be dismissed, |torbası qoltuğuna verilmək; işdə/imtahanda və |

| |fired from a job |s. fırıldaqçılıq etdiyinə görə qovulmaq |

|◘ - I feel sorry for Richard. He was feeling quite depressed when I ran into him. |

|- Did he tell you what was bothering him? |

|- Among other things he informed me that he got the ax at work. |

|- That’s strange. He’s always been a conscientious worker. |

|◘ One of the students got caught cheating on his final exam and he got the ax by our dean |

|Naila. ◘ Joe got the ax from Bessy. They won’t see each other again. |

|be in a hole|(informal) in debt; in a |borclu olmaq; borca düşmək; çətin vəziyyətdə |

| |difficult situation |olmaq |

|◘ Unfortunately, Peter had to sell his neighborhood hard-ware store. Because of competition |

|from the bigger stores in the shopping center, he was going in the hole every month. |

|◘ It seemed only natural to help you when you were in a hole [31, p.145]. |

|bite the bullet|(informal) endure in a difficult |çətin/ağrılı vəziyyətə dözmək |

| |situation | |

|- We really had a frightening experience when we went hunting last month. |

|- What happened? |

|- We got lost in the wilderness and had to bite the bullet until help arrived. |

|blow it |fail at sth |kəsilmək (imtahandan), şansını əldən vermək |

|◘ - How did you do on the history exam? |

|- I think I blew it! There was a section on the Civil War, and that’s the chapter in the book |

|that I studied the least. |

|◘ That English test was so easy. I can’t understand how I could have blown it. |

|be at the end of your|to feel that you cannot deal with a |mübarizə aparmağa gücü qalmamaq, |

|rope (end of your |difficult situation any more because |bezmək/yorulmaq/əldən düşmək, bir |

|tether) |you are too tired, worried, etc; at |kəsin səbrinin tükənməsi; səbr |

| |the limit of one’s ability to rope |kasasının daşması |

|◘ The Jone’s housekeeper was completely useless! Poor Mrs. Jones felt that she was at the end |

|of her rope when she walked into the house and saw the children crying and unfed, dirty dishes|

|in the sink, and clothes strewn all over the place. |

|◘ My brother was out of work and broke, and he was at the end of his rope. |

|be on your last |sick and failing; the |miskin/xəstə/ümidsiz vəziyyətdə olmaq; son |

|legs |final stage of a journey |günlərini yaşamaq; səyahətin son mərhələsi |

|◘ - Poor Mike. He was one of the greatest musicians I’ve ever known, but when I saw him the |

|other day he looked like he was on his last legs. |

|- Yeah. He hardly plays any more. |

|- What made him give up his music? |

|- Apparently he lost confidence in himself at some point in his career, and he’s been sick and|

|failing ever since. |

|◘ The last leg of our journey was from London to Madrid. |

|hot under the |(informal) extremely|hirsindən boğulmaq; son dərəcə əsəbi olmaq; məc. |

|collar |angree |hirsindən çırtma vursan qanı damar |

|- Did you see how Bill came in to work this morning? |

|- Did I ever! Boy, was he hot under the collar! |

|- What brought that on? |

|- He said that he was extremely angry because he got stuck in slow-moving traffic and arrived |

|late for an important business meeting. |

|be on the line |(informal) in danger of being lost |bir şeyi itirmək təhlükəsində olmaq |

|Lately Tom’s been more conscientious about the accuracy and quality of his work with the |

|company. He was warned that his job was on the line because of his lack of concern for his |

|duties. |

♣ WHEN THINGS GO WELL

|for a song |(informal) for very little money; very|ucuz; çox az pula; su qiymətinə |

| |cheaply | |

|- Sara, I picked up the perfect chair for the living room the other day. |

|-That’s wonderful. I know you’ve been looking for some time. Where did you finally come across|

|what you wanted? |

|- I was really quite lucky. I got it for a song at a little furniture store. I was able to buy|

|it for very little money because the owners of the store were right in the middle of their |

|spring liquidation sale. |

|have the world by the |be successful and |çox xoşbəxt olmaq; özünü dünyanın yiyəsi hiss |

|tail |happy |etmək |

|Mark finished school at the top of his class and he was offered an excellent position with an |

|accounting firm. Now he feels that he has the world by the tail. Everything has been working |

|out for him lately, and it’s no wonder that he’s feeling so successful and happy. |

|feel like a |feel |özünü təzə anadan olmuş uşaq kimi hiss etmək; özünü|

|million dollars |wonderful |əla hiss etmək |

|- I bumped into Nick at the barbershop yesterday. He looked great, but I noticed that he had a|

|slight limp when he walked. |

|- I guess you didn’t know that he had an operation on his knee. |

|- No, I didn’t. How’s he feeling? |

|- He says he’s feeling like a million dollars now. Apparently, the pain in his knee is all |

|gone. |

|kick up your heels |(informal) to be relaxed and|rahat nəfəs almaq; vaxtını şən keçirmək; |

| |enjoy yourself; celebrate |sevincdən göyə uçmaq; bir şeyi qeyd etmək |

|The prerequisites for admission to the Theater Arts School are quite demanding, and those |

|students who were finally accepted had reason to kick up their heels. It was natural that |

|those who made it through the exams and interviews would want to celebrate the occasion by |

|going out and having a good time. |

♣ PEOPLE DO THE STRANGEST THINGS

|bite the dust |(informal) to fail, or to be |uğursuzluqla üzləşmək, məğlub edilmək, |

| |defeated or destroyed |dağıdılmaq; döyüşdə öldürülmək |

|◘ Andy did exceptionally well in all of the track events, but he bit the dust in the high jump|

|competition. Much to the disappointment of his fans, he went down in defeat, losing |

|to a competitor from the visiting team. |

|◘ Captain Jones discharged his gun and another guerrilla bit the dust. |

|bend over backwards |try very hard |dəridən-qabıqdan çıxmaq; çox çalışmaq, əlləşmək; |

| | |bir kəsə kömək etməyə çalışmaq |

|When Joan first started teaching she was afraid that she would have a lot of trouble getting |

|used to the kids and to the faculty. Her tears turned out to be unfounded, since everybody |

|bent over backwards to help her. Everyone tried very hard to help her feel comfortable and |

|adjust to the school. |

|cough sth up |(informal) give sth unwillingly |könülsüz vermək (pulu), boğazından |

| |(especially money) |kəsmək (pulu) |

|- Say, Greg. Did you finally get that computer that you wanted so much? |

|- Not yet. I needed to raise a couple of hundred dollars more. |

|- Is it going to take you a while to raise the money? |

|- It would have taken me forever, but dad said he’d cough up the money I need since I’m going |

|to be using the computer for my school work. |

|jump the gun |to be hasty |hövsələsizlik etmək, tələsmək |

|Denise was planning on telling her grandparents that the doctor said she was going to have |

|twins, but when her dad found out he jumped the gun and told them before Denise could say a |

|word. He was so excited that he became hasty and revealed the news before Denise had a chance |

|to tell them. |

|scratch sb’s back|return a favour; to do sth kind and |bir kəsə etdiyi yaxşılığın əvəzini |

| |helpful for someone or to flatter him|görmək; yaxşılığın əvəzini qaytarmaq;|

| |in the hope that he will do sth for |əl-əli yuyar, əl də üzü |

| |you | |

|- Hey, Bea. I need some help stacking these boxes. Would you please give me a hand? |

|- Ok, and I need some help tidying up the house. How about your helping me out after that? |

|- Ok. If you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours. |

|hit the |become very angry |çox əsəbiləşmək; hirsindən divara dırmaşmaq; məc. |

|ceiling | |başını divara vurmaq |

|Don’s father hit the ceiling when he was informed that his son had been detained by the police|

|for disorderly conduct. |

|turn someone off |disgust someone |bir kəsdə ikrah/nifrət oyatmaq; kimisə özündən |

| | |iyrəndirmək |

|- How was your date with Marty last night? |

|- Well, it started Ok, but he really turned me off when we went for a snack after the movies. |

|- Did he say or do something to annoy you? |

|- Frankly, he disgusted me when he tried to talk with his mouthful. |

|go fly a (your) kite|(informal) go away |“uç”; get saqqızını çeynə; çıx get; açıl |

| | |başımdan |

|For the past three hours Jerry had been trying to convince Linda to go to the art exhibition |

|with him. She had been refusing all along and finally in desperation she told him, “Go |

|fly a kite!” Jerry didn’t like to be told to go away in such a forceful manner. Nevertheless, |

|he finally stopped trying to get Linda to attend the exhibition. |

|kick the bucket|(informal) (humorous) to die |ölmək; o dünyaya getmək |

|It’s been said that the old man knew a buried treasure, but he kicked the bucket before |

|telling anyone where it was. |

|raise a stink|protest strongly |bir şeyə kəskin etiraz etmək; tufan qoparmaq; aləmi |

| | |bir-birinə qatmaq |

|Listen! Don’t try to use any of your sister’s clothes without asking her first. She’s reliable|

|to raise a stink if she finds something missing. |

♣ SUPRISES

|out of the blue |without any warning; by surprise; |qəfildən, qəflətən, |

| |unexpectedly |gözlənilmədən |

|My father has just arrived from London, completely out of the blue. It was a lovely surprise. |

|the shock of your |to be surprised; to fill with |matı-qutu qurumaq; təəccubdən ağzı açıq |

|life |surprised disgust, horror |qalmaq; şoka düşmək |

|- Didn’t she phone to say she was coming? |

|- No, there was a knock at the door and there she was with her suitcase. I got the shock of my|

|life. |

|you’ve got another |(informal) used to tell sb that they are|nəticə çıxarmağa tələsmək; bütün |

|think coming |wrong about sth and must change their |planları alt-üst etmək, aləmi |

| |plans and opinions |qarışdırmaq |

|- He says he’s taking next Monday off. He wants to go skiing on Scotland. |

|- Well he hasn’t asked me about it. If he thinks he can take a day off without checking first,|

|he’s got another think coming. |

|pull the rug from |(informal) to withdraw support |gözləmədiyi halda zərbə almaq; məc.|

|under sb’s feet |unexpectedly from; to spoil the |bir kəsin ayağının altından yerin |

| |plans of |qaçması |

|My boss started to criticize my work, which really pulled the rug from under my feet. |

|take somebody by |to appear in front of someone suddenly or to|qəfildən/gözlənilmədən peyda |

|surprise |suddenly discover him before he discovers |olmaq; gözlənilməz hadisə ilə|

| |you; appear before (someone) unexpectedly |üzləşmək/çaş-baş qalmaq |

|- Congratulations on your promotion, Pat! Were you expecting it? |

|- Not at all. It took me completely by surprise. |

|come back to earth |(informal) to return, or to make sb return, to a |bir kəsi xəyaldan |

|with a bump |normal way of thinking or behaving after a time |ayıltmaq; göylərdən yerə|

| |when they’ve been very excited, not very |endirmək |

| |practical, etc | |

|My brother had a great time on holiday last month. He came back to earth with a bump though. |

|When he got home, he found his flat had been broken into. |

|a blessing in |some unexpected good that came about as the |hər pis işin içində/ sonunda |

|disguise |result of something bad or undesirable |bir xeyir var, hər şeydə bir |

| | |xeyir var |

|- I heard you lost your job last month. That was a shock, wasn’t it? |

|- Actually, it was a blessing in disguise. I have found something much better. |

|harder than one bargains |to get more in a pejorative sense |gözlədiyindən daha ağır/ciddi|

|for |than what one expected to get |vəziyyətlə üzləşmək |

|- How was your exam? Was everything OK? |

|- No, it was much harder than I had bargained for. |

|not believe your eyes (used with a |to not believe what one|gözlərinə inanmamaq; |

|negative or in an interrogative or |sees; trust one’s |gördüyünə inana bilməmək |

|conditional sentences) |eyesight | |

|- What did you think of the dress Sandora was wearing last night? |

|- Like everyone else, I couldn’t believe my eyes! Everyone thought she was so quiet and |

|conservative. |

♣ YOU DON’T SAY

|money talks |(informal) money can influence people|hər şeyi pul həll edir; pul açmayan qapı |

| | |yoxdur |

|- We’ve been waiting for three months to get delivery on our car, and people who in their |

|order after us have already gotten theirs. |

|- Well, money talks. Why don’t you try giving the dealer a little something extra to move |

|things along? |

|- I know full well that money has the power to influence people, but I refuse to pay |

|extra for a service that is owed to me as a client. |

|let sleeping |do not agitate a potential|hər şeyi olduğu kimi saxlamaq; yatan iti |

|dogs lie |source of trouble |oyatmazlar; ağrımayan başına dəsmal bağlama |

|You’d better not say anything to the owner of the building about painting your apartment. If I|

|were you I’d let sleeping dogs lie. |

|if the shoe fits, wear it |admit the truth |həqiqəti etiraf etmək; |

| | |hər şeyi boynuna almaq |

|- Joe feels rather badly because he’s always being criticized for his sloppy personal |

|appearances. |

|- With reason. “If the shoe fits, wear it”, I always say. Still, I can’t help feeling sorry |

|for the guy. I know that what people say about him is true, and that he should admit it. |

|different strokes for |everyone has different |hərənin öz maraq dairəsi və zövqü var;|

|different folks |interests and tastes |hər aşığın öz havası var |

|- It’s hard to understand my sisters. My elder sister goes in for sailing, but my little |

|sister can’t stand to be on water. She enjoys jazz. |

|- You know what they say: “Different strokes for different folks”. |

|eyes are bigger than sb’s |take more food than one |çox yemək; acgözlük etmək; qarın |

|stomach |can eat |doyur, göz doymur |

|- Chris, why don’t you finish eating that third helping of dessert? |

|- I guess my eyes were bigger than my stomach when I said I wanted more. |

|put your money where your|follow through with a stated |vədini həyata keçirmək; sözdən |

|mouth is |intention |əmələ keçmək |

|- You’ve been promising to take us to Disneyland 7 for the past two years. Since the kids are |

|free, how about putting your money where your mouth is? |

|- You don’t have to remind me. I have every intention of doing exactly what I promised. |

|people who live in glass |one should not |özün günahkar olduğun halda, başqasına ağıl |

|houses shouldn’t throw |criticize when one |öyrətmə; öz gözündə tükü görmür, başqasının |

|stones |is equally at fault |gözündə tir axtarır |

|My friend criticized me for driving too fast, but I tried to tell her that people who live in |

|glass houses shouldn’t throw stones, but it didn’t do much good. |

|all’s well that |a successful outcome is worth the |hər şey yaxşılığa doğrudur; hər işin |

|ends well |effort |sonunda xeyir var |

|- After all, I’m happy to hear that things finally turned out satisfactorily for you. |

|- Don’t you know, they say: “All’s well that ends well” |

|- I’m happy, too. It was really worth the effort. |

|pay through the nose |pay too high a price |soyulmaq (pul barədə); çox pul |

| | |ödəmək/xərcləmək |

|At last I found the coat I had been seeking for a long time. But, at once, I understood that I|

|would have to pay through the nose in order to have it. Then I decided that I wouldn’t mind |

|paying such a high price for something so rare. |

|play it by ear|(informal) to decide how to deal with |hadisələrin nə cür inkişaf edəcəyi işin|

| |a situation as it develops rather than|gedişindən asılıdır; işin/hadisələrin |

| |by having a plan to follow |gedişinə baxarıq |

|◘ - Let’s go to the movies, agreed? |

|- Sure. And what’ll we do after that? |

|- Oh, I don’t know. Let’s play it by ear. I think it’s always more fun not knowing what to |

|expect and deciding what to do as we go along. |

|◘ Pearl played it by ear, as Crystal let herself drift into the music [19, p.166]. |

|(not) have a leg to|to have no good |özünü müdafiə etmək iqtidarında olmamaq; haqqını |

|stand on |defense for one’s |tələb edə bilməmək; hərəkətlərinə bəraət qazandıra|

| |opinions or actions |bilməmək; məc. ayaq üstə möhkəm dayana bilməmək |

|I think that my wages is low for having worked overtime. However, I won’t have a leg to stand |

|on, unless I can prove that I put in all those extra hours. I don’t stand a chance of |

|getting my money without a strong foundation of facts to support my position. |

|sell someone short|underestimate someone |bir kəsin qabiliyyətini lazımi qədər |

| | |qiymətləndirməmək; kiminsə haqqında pis fikrə düşmək|

|- Just because he doesn’t say much is no reason to sell him short. |

|- Actually, he’s a profounder thinker and a most talented writer. |

|put sth on ice|away for safekeeping or later use; set aside|əl saxlamaq; fasilə etmək; işi |

| |for future use |müvəqqəti saxlamaq |

|- We’ve been working on this project since morning. Don’t you think we should take a break for|

|some dinner? |

|- I’m kind of hungry too. Let’s put the project on ice awhile and grab a bite to eat. |

♣ THAT’S NOT NICE

|sell someone down the river|betray someone |kimisə (bir) qara qəpiyə satmaq; xəyanət|

| | |etmək |

|- I heard that poor Jud landed up in jail. |

|- Yeah. His so-called girl-friend sold him down the river and claimed the reward on him. |

|- I can’t understand that. I thought she was devoted to him. |

|leave someone high and dry |abandon someone |bir kəsi tərk etmək; yarı yolda qoymaq; köməksiz |

| | |qoymaq |

|◘- Say, Sill. I thought that John was going to help you do the dishes tonight. |

|- So did I. But he left me high and dry. |

|◘ I’m afraid, so I guess that leaves me high and dry here [20 p.265]. |

|a snow job |insincere talk |boş/qeyri-səmimi söhbət/danışıq |

|The salesman tried to convince a group of investors that the properties he was selling |

|would soon be worth much more money that he was asking. However, no one bought anything from |

|him because they felt he was giving them a snow job. |

|spill the beans |(informal) reveal a secret |sirri açmaq; məc. sözü ağzından |

| | |qaçırmaq |

|- Did you know that Harry was going to take Kathy on a Caribbean cruise? |

|- Yes, I did. He was planning on surprising her with the tickets for their anniversary, but |

|someone spilled the beans. |

|- What a shame! That was supposed to have been a surprise. |

|feed someone a line |deceive someone |bir kəsi aldatmaq; məc. boş vədlər vermək; başının |

| | |altına yastıq qoymaq; başını bişirmək |

|Mr. Jones had been telling Louise how efficient she was and how much he admired her work at |

|the office. He had promised her a promotion in the near future, but she soon discovered that |

|he was feeding her a line when he passed her by and gave the promotion to someone less |

|capable. |

♣ DO YOUR BEST

|toot your own horn|(informal) to praise your own abilities and |özündən razı olmaq, |

| |achievements; to boast |lovğalanmaq |

|Michael’s last novel was a bestseller. He has no need to toot his own horn about his literary |

|accomplishments. |

|stick to your guns |(informal) maintain one’s |öz sözünü yeritmək; dediyindən |

| |position |dönməmək |

|In spite of the fact that it was inadvisable to have a controversial figure |

|address the club, the chairman stuck to his guns and insisted that it would make good sense to|

|hear the other side of the question before taking a vote on the issue. |

|get the ball rolling|initiate action|bir işə başlamaq/girişmək; sözdən əmələ keçmək; vədini |

| | |həyata keçirmək |

|- Look! You’ve been talking about repairing the roof for weeks now. Don’t you think it’s about|

|time to get the ball rolling? |

|- I know, but I’ve been busy with other things. I promise I’ll get to it this weekend. |

|mind your P’s and |(informal) take care in speeh |danışığına fikir vermək; məc. sözü |

|Q’s |and action |ağzında bişirib çıxarmaq |

|- Listen, Larry. If you want an invitation to Clarissa’s party you’d better mind your P’s and |

|Q’s. |

|- But I haven’t been doing anything to offend her. |

|- I’ll tell you one thing. You’re going to have to be careful of what you say and how you act |

|around Susan. |

|give it your best |try very hard |əlindən gələni etmək; çox çalışmaq |

|shot | | |

|- Can you do anything about repairing this TV set? |

|- I’m not much of an electrician, but I’ll give it my best shot. |

|- Many thanks. I’d be most appreciative. |

|make (both) ends meet|to earn just enough money to |ancaq zəruri olan şeyləri almaq imkanı |

| |be able to buy the things you|olmaq; güclə/çətinliklə dolanmaq |

| |need | |

|- It’s almost impossible trying to keep up with the high cost of living. |

|- It’s true. Things are so expensive nowadays that it’s very difficult to make ends meet. |

|You know, even with Lucie’s salary, our combined income is hardly enough to pay all the |

|bills. |

|get the jump on |get the advantage over |bir kəsdən zirək tərpənmək; qabağa |

|someone |someone |düşmək |

|- Did you have a nice time at the school dance last night? |

|- To tell you the truth, I would have enjoyed myself more if I had been able to go with Teresa|

|instead of Elena. |

|- Why did not you ask Teresa in the first place? |

|- I was about to, but Benito got the jump on me. |

|pull strings |to exert influence |bir kəsə təsir göstərmək; dil tapmaq |

|Steven had been unsuccessful in getting tickets for the opening game of the season. However, |

|he pulled some strings with the manager of the team and got excellent seats. |

|spread yourself|become involved in too many |çox işdən yapışmaq, hər işə əl atmaq/baş |

|too thin |activities |qoşmaq; yüz yerə qaçmaq |

|Although Teresa has always been an excellent student, her marks have been going down lately |

|because she is spreading herself too thin. |

|go to bat for |(informal) help out and support |bir kəsi müdafiə etmək; məc. kiminsə |

|someone |someone |qanının arasına girmək |

|- Is it true that Don got into some trouble at work last week? |

|- Yes, he did. He was reproached for not turning in his sales reports, but his secretary went |

|to bat for him. |

|- What was she able to do? |

|- She helped him out a great deal by admitting that she had misplaced the reports that he gave|

|her to be typed. |

|duck soup |(informal) easy, effortless|çox asan; su içmək kimi asan |

|- Can you help me hook up my new stereo equipment? I’m having quite a bit of trouble with all |

|these connections. |

|- Sure. That’s duck soup for me. |

♣ ADVICE (POSITIVE)

|sit tight |to make no move or change; stay where |səbirli/dözümlü olmaq; heç yerə |

| |you are |tərpənməmək; yerində bərk oturmaq |

|◘ - I’m fed up with my job. I know they won’t rise my salary. |

|- Don’t ask me who told me, but I heard they’re thinking of promoting you. So, I’d sit tight |

|if I were you. |

|◘ My advice to you is to sit tight [33, p.20]. |

|go for something | to put a lot of effort into |bir şeyi əldə etmək üçün əlindən gələni |

| |sth, so that you get or achieve |etmək, bir işin dalınca düşmək;bir şey üçün|

| |sth to choose sth |mübarizə aparmaq |

|◘ - I don’t have the qualifications. I’m probably too young. But I know I can do the job |

|better than anyone. Do you think I should apply or am I wasting my time? |

|- If you don’t take risks, life passes you by. Go for it. |

|bide your time |to wait an opportunity; wait patiently |səbr etmək; münasib vaxt/imkan |

| |until your chance comes |gözləmək |

|Don’t bide your time. Try to get any position at your job. |

|keep your wits/head/|to stay calm when there is |təmkinli olmaq; sakitliyini saxlamaq; |

|about you |trouble or danger |özünü/başını itirməmək, ağlı başında olmaq |

|◘ - I’ve never driven in Britain before. Is it hard driving on the left? |

|- Not really, but you need to keep your wits about you. |

|◘ When he heard the fire alarm he kept his head and looked for the nearest exit. |

|take the bull by|take decisive action in a difficult |cəsarətli/qətiyyətli olmaq; işə ciddi|

|the horns |situation take decisive action in a |girişmək; məc. həlledici həlqədən |

| |difficult situation |yapışmaq |

|◘ -I’d like to ask Helen to dine with me, but I hesitate. I’m not sure she’ll say yes. |

|- There’s only one way for you, Mike. You have got to take the bull by the horns and ask her. |

|◘ Charlotte had finally taken the bull by the horns herself [21, p.258]. |

|take one day at a |to not think about what will happen in|hər günün qədrini bil; bu günlə |

|time |the future |yaşa |

|Don’t waste your time being busy with lots of nonsense. Take one day at a time. |

♣ ADVICE (NEGATIVE)

|don’t lose any |don’t worry about it; you needn’t |narahat olmağa dəyməz; yuxunu qaçırmağa |

|sleep over it |worry about it |dəyməz; başını yorma |

|- I hurt him. He won’t phone me any more. |

|- I’m sure he’ll phone you one of these days. Don’t lose any sleep over it. |

|don’t be silly|stop being stupid or embarrasing, especially in a way|axmaq olma; ağlına gələni|

| |is more typical of a child than an adult |danışma |

|- I’m sure I failed. I was so nervous. And I know I made lots of mistakes. |

|- Now, don’t be silly! You’ve probably passed with flying colours! |

| |

|Note: If you pass an exam with “flying colours”, it means you’ve passed it very well. In this |

|idiom “colours” are, literally “flags”. |

|don’t let sth/sb get you|heç kimə/nəyə imkan vermə ki, səni əzsin, məhv etsin, |

|down |gücdən/qüvvədən salsın |

|◘ - I just don’t know what I can do to get rid of the flu. I’ve had it on and off for three |

|weeks. |

|- It’ll go away. Don’t worry. Just don’t let it get you down. |

|◘ You aren't going to let his affection get you down, are you? [16, p.66]. |

|(not) throw the baby|(informal) to lose sth that you want at the same|tələsmək; bir şeyi |

|out with the |time as you are trying to get rid of sth that |əldən buraxmaq; yüz |

|bathwater |you do not want |ölç, bir biç |

|◘ Be careful, when you change things, not to lose some of the good old ideas. I advise: “Don’t|

|throw the baby out with bathwater”. |

|◘ God knows that there are weaknesses in the program, but if we act too hastily we may throw |

|the baby out with the bathwater. |

|(don’t) take anything |to believe sth is true without |hər deyilənə inanma; eşit, amma |

|for granted |first making sure that it is |inanma |

|◘ - I think all food and drink is included when you go on a cruise. |

|- Don’t take anything for granted. You don’t want to end up with a huge drinks bill on the |

|last days of your holiday! ◘ He was at ease, confident, but never so careless as to take|

|anything for granted [14, p.278]. |

♣ BEING POSITIVE

|Third time lucky! |used when you’ve failed to do sth twice and hope that you |Atalar üçdən |

| |will succeed the third time |deyib! |

|- My sister failed her entrance exam this year again. That’s twice now. |

|- Never mind. Third time lucky! |

|You never know! |used to emphasize a negative statement instead |Allahın işini bilmək |

| |of “not” |olmaz! |

|◘ - I think we don’t get a pay rise again this year. |

|- You never know! I hope. |

|◘ - Why would something happen to you? |

|- You never know [21, p.428]. |

|It’ll be all right|used to say that a performance, an event, etc. will be|Darıxma, hər şey |

|on the night! |successful even if the preparations for it have not |yaxşı olacaq! |

| |gone well | |

|- I’m so nervous about speaking in public at the meeting tomorrow. |

|- Don’t worry. It’ll be all right on the night! |

|look on the bright|to be careful or positive about a |həyata ümidlə baxmaq; optimist olmaq;|

|side |bad situation |ruhdan düşməmək |

|- I’ve lost everything during the earthquake. |

|- Look on the bright side! Things can only get better! |

|It’s not the end of the |(informal) not the worst thing that could |Dünyanın axırı |

|world! |happen to sb |deyil! |

|- When my brother’s wife left him I asked him not to worry. There’s plenty more fish in the |

|sea. |

|- You are absolutely right. It’s not the end of the world! |

|light at the end of the |the first sign of hope after a |ümid yeri; işıq ucu (hər hansı |

|tunnel |long period of difficulties |bir işin sonunda) |

|◘ I’ve got some difficulties at work. I’m so distressed. But I am pleased to say that at last |

|there is light at the end of the tunnel. |

|◘ … and in spite of her talk with Tanya in Todd’s room that afternoon, for the moment, |

|there was certainly no light at the end of the tunnel [20, p.77]. |

|sb’s bark is worse |(informal) used to say that sb is|özünü hökmlü göstərən; hədə-qorxu |

|than their bite |not really as angry or aggressive|gələn; yalandan qışqıran; göründüyü |

| |as they sound |kimi olmamaq |

|◘ - I heard your boss’s voice. I think he’s got a hot temper. |

|- Oh, he’s OK. His bark is worse than his bite. |

|◘ Our teacher speaks harshly to our students, especially when they fail to complete their |

|homework assignment. But, we all know that his bark is worse than his bite. He threatens to |

|keep them after school and to inform their parents, but he’s not really as bad-tempered as he |

|appears. |

|you win some, |used to express sympathy for sb who |canın sağ olsun; başına sadağa; |

|you lose some |has been disappointed about sth |qazanan da sənsən, xərcləyən də sən |

|- I bought this blouse for 30 manats last month and now it’s in the sale for only 20 manats. |

|- Oh well. You win some, you lose some. |

♣ AGREEING AND DISAGREEING

|no way |never, under no circumstances |heç vəchlə; bu barədə söhbət belə gedə bilməz |

|- Can I borrow your trousers for the night? |

|- No way! Never again! Not after the state you returned it last time! |

|it is out of the |not worth considering; unthinkable; |bu barədə söhbət belə gedə |

|question |impossible |bilməz |

|- I was wondering if I could have tomorrow off to go to my mother’s birthday? |

|- I’m afraid. It’s out of the question! You’ve already been to two mother’s birthdays last |

|month. I wasn’t born yesterday, you know! |

|over my dead body|under no circumstances; by no means |heç vəchlə, heç vaxt; məc. meyidimin|

| | |üstündən |

|- I think we should make Lala marry with Anar. |

|- Over my dead body! They have different characters. I’m sure they won’t get on well together.|

|on the contrary |exactly the opposite; rather; instead |əksinə; əvəzinə |

|- I thought you believed in capital punishment. |

|- On the contrary! I’ve always been dead against it! |

|you must be joking|used to show that you are very surprised at |zarafat edirsən; nə |

| |what sb has just said |danışırsan? ola bilməz |

|- What about an ice-cream? |

|- You must be joking! It’s minus ten outside. |

|you’re telling me|used to show that a thing is so clear that it need |day demə; düz deyirsən |

| |not be said, or just to show strong agreement | |

|- This weather is incredible, isn’t it? It’s like the tropics! |

|- You’re telling me! We’ll have to start thinking about air conditioning if it goes any |

|longer. |

|take the words out of |to say what another is just going |bir kəsin ürəyindən xəbər vermək;|

|sb’s mouth |to say; to put another’s thought |arzuları üst-üstə düşmək |

| |into words | |

|- What about going to Turkey this year again? This will have been 5 years in a row! |

|- You know, you took the words right out of my mouth! I think it’s time we took the kids |

|abroad, don’t we? |

|fair enough |plausible, acceptable |kifayət qədər ədalətli |

|- Can I take the book for two weeks? |

|- No, sorry. That’s the third time you’ve asked it. It’s not allowed here and it’s |

|not fair to the others. |

|- OK, fair enough! I see your point. |

|Now you’re |this is the right attitude, now you’re on |Axır ki, mən deyənə gəldin! İndi |

|talking! |the right track, this is the way to ... |düz yol-dasan! (düzgün mövqe/qərar)|

| |make sense | |

|◘ - I know I said that our maximum discount was 30%. |

|- Well, I’ve spoken to my head office and we think we can go to 40%. |

|- Now you’re talking! Well, we can do business after all! |

|◘ OK, I’ll try to overcome my fears and learn how to be a good pilot”, my brother said to our |

|father, who replied, “Now, you’re talking!” |

♣ ANNOYANCE AND FRUSTRATION

|get on sb’s nerves|(informal) to make you |bir kəsin əsəbləri ilə oynamaq; bir kəsi |

| |nerves |əsəbiləşdirmək/acıqlandırmaq |

|Do you stop biding your nails? It’s getting on my nerves. |

|the last/final straw |a small trouble which follows other |səbr kasasının aşıb-daşması; |

|(the straw that breaks |troubles and makes one lose patience|bir kəsin səbrinin tükənməsi; |

|the camel’s back) |and be unable to bear them |əsəblərin son həddə çatması |

|◘ I’ve told my flat mate to find somewhere else. She never tidied the place or cooked. The |

|last straw was when she brought a stray dog home. |

|◘ She was in a black rage. This was the last straw [31, p.107]. |

|tear your hair out (pull|to stay upset because of a|kədərlənmək, fəryad etmək; qəm |

|your hair out over) |frustrating event or |dəryasında qərq olmaq; məc. saçını |

| |situation |yolmaq; başını itirmək |

|◘ - I heard they refused to give you a visa. |

|- Yes, it’s so frustrating. I’m tearing my hair out trying to find out what the problem is. |

|◘ My sister was pulling her hair out over her husband’s drinking. |

|drive sb round |to make sb very angry, crazy, etc. or to|bir kəsi dəli etmək; |

|the bend |make them do sth extreme |əsəbiləşdirmək/özündən çıxarmaq |

|- I see you got another letter from that book club. |

|- Yes, it’s the third letter this month asking me to pay for books I never ordered. It’s |

|driving me round the bend. |

|run out of |become annoyed about sth |hövsələdən/özündən çıxmaq; səbrini itirmək; |

|patience | |səbr kasası aşıb-daşmaq |

|- You still haven’t got your new furniture yet? |

|- No, they phoned to say it still hasn’t been delivered. I think I’ll cancel the order and |

|look somewhere else. I’m running out of patience. |

|talk to a brick |to talk to sb uselessly |boş yerə danışıb özünü yormaq |

|wall | | |

|When my brother doesn’t want to do anything, you can’t argue with him. It’s like talking to a|

|brick wall. |

|drive sb to |so that you become upset, excited, or |bir kəsi narahat etmək/dəli |

|distractions |angry and not be able to think clearly |etmək; bir kəsin baş-beynini |

| | |aparmaq |

|Our neighbours play really loud music even after midnight. They are driving us to |

|distractions. We’ve spoken to them several times, but it’s like banging your head against a |

|brick wall. |

|drive one up |to irritate, frustrate, or tickle |bir kəsi əsəbiləşdirmək |

|the wall |someone’s fancy so badly that they think|/acıqlandırmaq/cinləndirmək; məc. |

| |they’re going insane |hirsindən divara dırmaşmaq |

|I wish we could do sth about the rats coming from the restaurant next door. They’re driving |

|us up the wall. |

♣ PEOPLE’S RELATIONSHIPS

|a shoulder to cry |a sympathetic person who is willing |bir kəsə təsəlli verən/ dəstək olan |

|on |to listen to one’s complaints and |adam; ətəyinə ağlaya biləcəyin/ |

| |troubles |ürəyini boşalda biləcəyin adam |

|◘ - Thanks for listening, Rose. I feel better after talking to you. |

|- That’s OK. You can always come to me if you need a shoulder to cry on. |

|◘ “At last I can cry on his shoulders” [18, p.67]. |

|fight like cat and dog|disagree or argue violently, |it-pişik kimi yola getmək; yola |

| |often repeatedly |getməmək |

|My brother and elder sister fight like cat and dog. |

|at each |(two or more people, groups, etc.) fight|dalaşmaq, çox pis yola getmək; məc. |

|other’s |a lot |bir-birinin boğazını gəmirmək |

|throats | | |

|- Is it true that Jeff and Laura are having problems? |

|- I think so. They seem to be at each other’s throats most of the time these days. |

|through thick and|in bad times and good|bərkdən-boşdan çıxmaq; yaxşı gündə də, pis gündə də |

|thin |times |bir yerdə olmaq; uzun müddət bir yerdə olmaq |

|My parents have been marred for 50 years. In those days people stayed together through thick |

|and thin. |

|there’s no love lost |they don’t like each |bir-birinə hörmət etməmək; (arada) |

|between … |other |xətir-hörmətin qalmaması |

|◘ - Why was there such a bad atmosphere in that meeting? |

|You’re new here. Didn’t you notice that there’s no love lost between George and Andrew? |

|◘ There is little love lost for him around here [14, p.62]. |

|clear the air|to remove angry feelings, |məsələyə aydınlıq gətirmək, gərginliyi azaltmaq, |

| |misunderstanding, or |vəziyyəti yüngülləşdirmək; gərginliyə soyuq su |

| |confusion |səpmək; havanı təmizləmək |

|◘ There is a bad atmosphere in our office. Some people aren’t talking to each other. Well, |

|it’s time you had a meeting to clear the air. |

|◘ He nodded, and then he had to clear the air [18, p.73]. |

|have ups and downs|vicissitudes; alternating periods |arada dığ-dığın/söz-söhbətin |

| |between good and bad times; change in |olması; xırda problemlər; taleyin |

| |fortune |dönüklüyü |

|- You have had the same flat-mate for years, haven’t you? You must get on very well. |

|- Well, we’ve had our ups and downs over the years but on the whole it’s worked very well. |

|not see eye to |to not share the same views as sb |bir-biri ilə razılaşmamaq, eyni |

|eye with sb (on |about sth; don’t agree |fikirdə olmamaq, zövqləri üst-üstə |

|sth) | |düşməmək |

|- How are you getting on with your new business partner? |

|- Well, we don’t see eye to eye on everything, but that’s a good thing. It’s when we agree on|

|something too quickly that mistakes are made. |

|get/start off on the |(informal) to start a relationship|bir kəslə yaxşı münasibət |

|right foot (with sb) |well |yaratmaq, yaxşı yola getmək |

|I hope I’ll start off on the right foot with my boss. |

♣ SUCCESS AND FAILURE IDIOMS

|burning ambition|(of feelings, etc) very strong; |əlçatmaz arzu; bir şeyi dəlicəsinə |

| |extreme |istəmək |

|- I have always had a burning ambition. |

|- And what’s that? |

|- To visit the planet Mars. |

|move heaven and earth |to try every way; do everything |axtarmaq; yerin altını-üstünə |

| |you can |çevirmək; əlindən gələni etmək |

|Look, our customer needs the parts in Jakarta by Wednesday this week. I don’t care what it |

|costs. We can’t afford to lose him. You have my permission to move heaven and earth to get |

|these parts out there. |

|leave no stone |to try in every way; miss no |axtarmaq; əlindən gələni etmək, yerin |

|unturned |chance; do everything |altını-üstünə çevirmək; hər bucağı ələk-vələk |

| |possible |etmək |

|◘ The police said that they were confident of finding the escaped prisoners and would have no|

|stone unturned. |

|◘ She would leave no stone inturned until she found the truth, the answer, the culprit [20, |

|p.22]. |

|stop at nothing|to be willing to do anything to get what|istədiyini əldə etmək üçün hər |

| |you want, even if it is dishonest or |alçaqlığa əl atmaq; vicdansız, |

| |wrong; to be unscrupulous |utanmaz, abırsız olmaq |

|He has determined to become a manager. He’ll stop at nothing until he gets the job. |

|set (get) your heart on |want sth very much|bir şeyi beyninə yeritmək; bir şeyin arzusunda |

|sth | |olmaq/istəmək |

|My sister doesn’t want to go to university. She’s set her heart on becoming a top actress. |

|pull your socks |to try to do better either in terms |qolunu çırmayıb işə girişmək/başlamaq;|

|up |of one’s behavior or at a task |işi daha yaxşı görmək ücün |

| |one is performing |ciddi-cəhdlə çalışmaq |

|You must pull your socks up or you’ll be in a bad situation. |

|the be-all-and |(informal) the most important |ən əhəmiyyətli bir hissə/şey; |

|the-end-all |part/thing; all that matters |nəyinsə əsası |

|(of something) | | |

|His speech isn’t the be-all-and –the –end-all in the meeting. |

|works/goes/ runs |works goes/ runs very well |bir şeyin ürəyin istəyən kimi əla olması; |

|like a dream |indeed |nəyinsə yaxşı işləməsi; məc. yağ kimi gedir |

|Our new car works/goes/runs like a dream; it’s fast, but so smooth and quiet. |

♣ HAPPINESS AND SADNESS

|jump for joy |be very happy and excited about sth |çox sevinmək; sevincdən atılıb-düşmək; |

| |that has happened |sevincdən yerə-göyə sığmamaq |

|My brother jumped for joy when he heard that he’d passed the final exam. |

|something makes your|something makes you feel very |bir şeyə sevinmək; xoşbəxt/sevincli |

|day |happy |gün yaşamaq |

|It’s great to get a letter from him. It’s really made my day. |

|feel on top of the |feel very happy|çox sevinmək; özünü dünyanın sahibi kimi hiss etmək; |

|world | |özünü dünyanın yeddinci qatında hiss etmək |

|◘ When I saw my name in the winners’ list I felt on top of the world. |

|◘ He was his own person now, and there were times when he felt on top of the world, … [19, |

|p.104]. |

|be floating |be very happy about something good that has |çox sevinmək; sevincdən |

|(walking) on air |happened |göyə uçmaq |

|She’s been walking on air ever since she and Anar got engaged. |

|grin and |accept a situation you don’t like|taleyə boyun əymək; vəziyyətlə barışmaq; |

|bear |because you can’t change it |əzab-əziyyətə mətanətlə dözmək; gülərək öz |

| | |əzab-əziyyətini biruzə verməmək; qismətlə |

| | |barışmaq |

|◘ If you don’t leave your job, you’d better just grin and bear it. |

|◘ ... but the only thing is to grin and bear it [31, p.45]. |

|suffer from sour |(informal) being jealous about |bir kəsə paxıllıq etmək; kiminsə|

|grapes |something you can’t have |paxıllığını çəkmək |

|I think my close friend is suffering from sour grapes because I’ll take part in the school |

|competition. |

|be a misery |(very informal) someone who complains |pisniyyət adam; (hər şeydən) şikayət |

|guts |all the time and is never happy |edən; (hər şeydən) narazı olan; naşükür |

|My sister likes being a misery guts. She is always complaining about her every day. |

♣ ANGER

|rub someone up the wrong|make someone annoyed |bir kəsin fikrini |

|way | |yayındırmaq/qarışdırmaq/çaşdırmaq |

|My brother always manages to say something to rub our father up the wrong way. |

|ruffle somene’s |make someone annoyed |bir kəsi qıcıqlandırmaq/hirsləndirmək/narahat |

|feathers | |etmək; hisslərinə toxunmaq |

|She speaks without worrying about whether she might be ruffling anyone’s feathers. |

|give someone an earful |tell someone how angry|bir kəsə hirslənmək; kiməsə qulaqburması |

| |you are with them |vermək; dişinin dibindən çıxanı demək |

|The old lady gave the children an earful for nearly knocking her over. |

|(not) be on speaking |be so angry with each other that they |bir-biri ilə danışmamaq; |

|terms |refuse to speak to each other |küsülü olmaq |

|They aren’t on speaking terms at the moment, and I don’t know what they first quarreled |

|about. |

♣ HAVING PROBLEMS

|put your foot in |said sth tactless and |düşüncəsiz və utandırıcı hərəkət etmək; məc. |

|something |embarrassing |bir kəsin yaralı yerinə toxunmaq |

|When I said it to her I felt embarrassed. I wish I had not put my foot in it. |

|be left |(informal) to suddenly make sb |uşaqla küçəyə atılmaq; öz |

|holding the |responsible for sth important that is |məsuliyyətini başqasının üstünə |

|baby |really your responsibility; to be left |yıxmaq, məsuliyyətdən qaçmaq; tərk |

| |by at herself to with a problem alone |edilmək; meydanda tək qalmaq |

|I have been left holding the baby, and I don’t know how to escape from this situation. |

|dig someone into a |to cause a problem that will be |çətin və təhlükəli vəziyyətə düşmək; |

|hole |difficult to escape from |(özünü) zibilə/işə salmaq |

|You’d better stop talking or you’ll dig yourself into a deeper hole. |

|spread yourself|try to do too many things at the same |çox iş görməyə çalışmaq; yüz işdən |

|too thin |time, with the result not to give any of|yapışmaq; hər işə əl atmaq; bir əldə |

| |them the attention they need |iki qarpız tutmaq |

|If you take on any more work, you’ll be spreading yourself far too thin. |

|be in dire straits|in a very difficult or dangerous |çox çətin və qorxulu vəziyyətə düşmək |

| |situation | |

|Staying in a hotel with no money and luggage, we were all aware that we were in dire straits. |

SECTION SIX

INTELLIGENCE AND KNOWLEDGE

Zəka və bilik idiomları

♣ KNOWLEDGE AND ABILITY

|learn sth at your |to learn something as a very |çox gənc yaşlarından hər şeyi öyrənmək;|

|mother’s knee |young child |anasının qarnında öyrənmək |

|He had learned to count at his mother’s knee. |

|go your own way |to do what you want rather than what |öz yolu ilə getmək; öz ağlı ilə |

| |everyone else does or expects |hərəkət etmək |

|I believe in going my own way. |

|rack your |to think very hard or for a |bir iş barəsində ciddi fikirləşmək; məc. beynini|

|brain(s) |long time about sth |qurdalamaq /eşələmək; baş sındırmaq |

|◘ He racked his brains all afternoon, but couldn’t remember his address. |

|◘ If she had racked her brains for a week she could not have thought of anything that would |

|humiliate Tom more bitterly [31, p.108]. |

|stuff sb’s head |to give someone ideas about something; teach |bir kəsin başını boş-boş |

|with sth |someone (usually something useless or wrong) |şeylərlə doldurmaq |

|Don’t stuff his head with nonsense. |

|stuff sb’s memory with |to load sb’s memory |bir kəsin beynini boş/lazımsız şeylərlə |

|sth |with sth |doldurmaq/yükləmək |

|I don’t want to stuff your memory with too many details. |

|hammer into sb’s head |to keep repeating sth forcefully |bir şeyi dəfələrlə başa salmaq/təkrar|

| |so that it will have an effect |etmək; bir kəsin beyninə yeritmək |

| |on people | |

|The teacher has been trying to hammer into their heads the importance of writing dearly. |

|show promise |to be likely to become very good |gələcək üçün ümidverici olmaq |

|◘ When she was young, she showed considerable promise as a teacher. |

|◘ Not that Sasha showed much greater promise [18, p.249]. |

|be a walking |someone who knows a lot, and always|canlı lüğət/ensiklopediya olmaq; |

|dictionary/ |has the information that you want |həmişə hər şeyi bilən adam haqqında|

|encyclopedia | | |

|If you need to learn sth ask him. He has always had the information you want. He is a walking |

|dictionary. |

|bear/reap the fruits|to have a result of|gördüyü işin bəhrəsini/səmərəsini görmək; bir şeyin |

|of sth |sth |meyvəsini dərmək |

|He died before he could bear the fruits of all his hard work. |

|turn a deaf ear to |to ignore what someone|bir şeyi qulaq ardına vurmaq; |

|sth |says |əhəmiyyətsiz/etinasız yanaşmaq |

|Young people sometimes seem to turn a deaf ear to the words of their parents and teachers. |

|go in (at) one ear and |what has been said is |bir qulağından alıb, o biri qulağından |

|out (at) the other |forgotten immediately |vermək; əhəmiyyət verməmək |

|You are speaking, but it just goes in his one ear and out the other, I’m sure. |

|second nature |something that you do very easily and |bir şeyi asanlıqla/gözü yumulu |

|(to do sth) |naturally, because it is part of your |etmək, bir şeyə çox yaxşı bələd |

| |character or you have done it so many |olmaq |

| |times | |

|- Can you help me set up a database on my computer? |

|- No trouble at all! I’ve done it so often I don’t even need to think about it. It’s second |

|nature to me now. |

|not to know the first |to be totally ignorant |heç bir məlumatı olmamaq; (hər hansı bir |

|thing about something|about a certain issue |işdə) naşı olmaq/başı çıxmamaq |

|- Do you know anything about washing machines? Mine’s got a problem. |

|- Sorry. I can’t help you. I don’t know the first thing about them. |

|know something like the back|to know sth |bir şeyi ətraflı bilmək; bir şeyi ovcunun içi |

|of your hand |throughly, inside |kimi bilmək; cikinə-bikinə bələd olmaq |

| |out | |

|- Have you been to Oxford before? |

|- Yes, I lived there for ten years. I know it like the back of my hand. |

|be the first to hear|the first time to be aware|nə barədəsə ilk dəfə eşitmək |

|of it |of it | |

|- Did you know that Lisa is planning to emigrate to Australia? |

|- You’re kidding! That’s the first I’ve heard of it. |

|know chalk from |to be very stupid; to be unable to |ağı qaradan seçə bilməmək; axmaq, |

|cheese |distinguish valuable things from |ağılsız olmaq |

| |rubbish | |

|My friend will never amount to much; the poor guy doesn’t even know chalk from cheese. |

|keep in the dark |in ignorance; without information |bir kəsi cəhalətdə saxlamaq; məlumatsız|

| | |saxlamaq; intizarda saxlamaq |

|I wish you hadn’t kept me in the dark about your plans. |

|learn the |through or special knowledge of a job; |bir şeyə yaxşı bələd olmaq, işi |

|ropes/get on the |how to do something; the ways of people |dəqiqliklə öyrənmək; cikini-bikini|

|ropes |or the world |bilmək |

|Don’t worry! You’ll soon learn the ropes. |

|common knowledge |to be sth that anyone knows, especially in a |hamının bildiyi bir şey; |

| |particular community or group |hamıya aydın olan məsələ |

|- Don’t talk about it to anybody. |

|- It is common knowledge. I needn’t. |

|put your foot in |to say or do sth that upsets, offends or |düşüncəsiz hərəkət etmək, bir |

|sb’s mouth |embarrasses sb; hurt another’s feelings |kəsin yaralı yerinə/ hisslərinə |

| |without intending to; make a rude mistake |toxunmaq, pis vəziyyətə salmaq |

|He put his foot in it with his remark about self-made men because Jones was one of them. |

|a little knowledge is a |(literary) a person who knows a |kamil bir palançı olsa da |

|dangerous thing |little about something – may think |insan, yaxşıdır yarımçıq |

| |he knows it all and make bad |papaqçılıqdan |

| |mistakes | |

|John has read a book on driving a car and now he thinks he can drive. A little knowledge is a |

|dangerous thing. |

♣ READING/EDUCATION

|be very well read (used |(of a person) having knowledge|bilikli/məlumatlı/çox |

|after an adverb) |that has been gained from |oxumuş/mütaliə etmiş adam olmaq |

| |reading books, etc | |

|If you want to know anything ask Khuraman. She is very well read. |

|turn over a new |to start afresh; to have a |yeni səhifə açmaq (həyatında); həyatının |

|leaf |new beginning |axarını dəyişmək |

|- Why can you never find anything on your desk? |

|- Because I am naturally untidy! I know. I am going to turn over a new leaf. I promise. |

|(not) read too much|to think that sth means more|bir şeyə fikir/əhəmiyyət verməmək; boş |

| |than it really does |buraxmaq, ürəyinə salmamaq |

|- She completely ignored me this morning. I must have put my foot in it yesterday. |

|- She’s just not in a good mood at the moment, that’s all. I wouldn’t read too much into it. |

|be an open |if you describe sb or their life as an open |ürəyində olan dilində olmaq, |

|book |book, you mean that you can easily understand |səmimi olmaq; hamıya məlum olan, |

| |them and know everything about them |açıq həyat sürmək |

|What I like about Susanna is her openness and honesty. Yes, what you see is what you get. |

|She’s an open book. |

|read between|to understand all of one’s |bir kəsin hərəkətlərindən/davranışından nə |

|the lines |meaning by guessing at what |demək istədiyini başa düşmək; sətraltı/eyhamlı |

| |he has left unsaid |mənaları dərk etmək |

|Everybody seems to be happy with the idea of Isabel’s joining our group, except Jack. He said|

|he wasn’t against the idea, but reading between the lines I think he has got his doubts about|

|her. |

|(don’t) judge|(saying) used to say that |insanı geyiminə görə qarşılayıb, ağlına görə yola |

|a book by its|you shouldn’t form an |salırlar; bir kəsin xarici görkəminə görə deyil, |

|corner |opinion about sb/sth from |əməllərinə görə nəticə çıxarmaq; anasına bax |

| |their appearance only |qızını al, qırağına bax bezini al |

|I was completely wrong about our new press officer. When I saw the pigtail, I thought, “What |

|have we got here?” Well, you know what they say: “Never judge a book by its corner”. |

|read sb like|to understand easily what sb |bir kəsi yaxşı başa düşmək; fikrindəkiləri |

|a book |is thinking or feeling |oxumaq; dabbaqxanada gönünə bələd olmaq |

|I could read my husband like a book. |

SECTION SEVEN

MIND AND MEMORY IDIOMS

Ağıl və yaddaş idiomları

|have a (good) |to consider doing; intend to with a |nəzərdə tutmaq; bir şeyi etmək üzrə |

|mind to |high degree of probability |olmaq; bir işi görməyə meylli olmaq |

|◘ - The service in that shop was terrible. The way that assistant talked to you! |

|- Yes, I’ve got a good mind to write and complain. |

|◘ “I’ve got a good mind to have a shot at it myself,” said Michael [31, p.60]. |

|on sb’s mind |in one’s thoughts|müxtəlif fikirlərin beyni/ağılı məşğul etməsi, beyni |

| | |qarışıq olmaq |

|- Jim seems to be very quiet today. He’s not his usual self. |

|- No, I think he’s got something on his mind. |

|take your mind |to make you forget about sth unpleasant for a | fikrini dağıtmaq, |

|off things |short time |yüngülləşmək |

|- Sorry, Paul, I’m not very good company this evening. I can’t stop thinking about that |

|argument I had with Sally at work. |

|- Well, Why don’t we go out? It’ll take your mind off things. |

|give someone a piece of |to scold angrily; say what|bir kəsin başına ağıl qoymaq; kimisə |

|your mind |you really think to |yerində oturtmaq; məsləhət vermək; |

| | |danlamaq |

|- Did you see that woman hit that little girl? |

|- Hang on! I’m going to give her a piece of my mind. |

|come/spring to mind |immediately think of |cəld fikirləşmək, yadına salmaq; ağlına |

| |sth |nəyisə/kimisə gətirmək |

|◘ - Now, who could we get to chair the new committee? |

|- Nobody springs to mind. I’m sorry to say. |

|◘ … and the memory of her two days there with Charlie sprang instantly to mind [21, p.246]. |

|with an open mind |wait until you’ve all the facts before forming an |ayıq başla; diqqətlə|

| |opinion | |

|Before you read this report, I’m going to tell you there are things in which you’re going to |

|disagree with. All I ask is that you read it with an open mind. |

|mind over matter | the power of mind over physical matters, |ağılın/insan zəkasının |

| |such as illness, fear, etc |qələbəsi; nəfsinə güc gəlmək |

|Giving up smoking is just a question of mind over matter. |

|put sb’s mind |to do or say sth to make sb stop |bir kəsi sakitləşdirmək; təsəlli |

|at rest |worrying about sth |vermək; rahatlaşmaq |

|I’m sure she’s arrived safely, but why not phone her to put your mind at rest. |

|be bored out of your mind |extremely bored |bezmək, yorulmaq |

|She talked about nothing but only her husband all evening, I was bored out of my mind. |

|slip your mind/ memory |to forget about something |yadından çıxarmaq, unutmaq |

|◘ I’m sorry, I forgot to give you a message. It completely slipped my mind. |

|◘ “Has it slipped your memory that I’ve got a first night tonight?” [31, p.196]. |

|be in your right |accountable; sane or sober |ağlı başında olmaq; nə etdiyini bilmək|

|mind | | |

|◘ Marry Karl? She’s mad. Nobody is in their right mind to marry with Karl. |

|◘ If you were in your right mind, you wouldn’t be saying such stupid things to our boss. |

|be a load/ weight |feel relieved because a worry is |rahatlaşmaq, yüngülləşmək; məc. yük |

|off your mind |removed |altından çıxmaq |

|I have finally finished paying back my car loan. That’s a weight off my mind. |

|jog your memory |make you remember sth |yadına salmaq; yaddaşını tərpətmək |

| | |(silkələmək) |

|◘ - I don’t know anyone in your class. |

|- Have a look at this photograph. Perhaps it will jog your memory. |

|◘ She had almost forgotten, her mother jogged her memory [18, p.291]. |

|mind goes/ becomes |can’t think of anything to say; |hər şeyi unutmaq; yaddaşından |

|blank |unable to remember anything |silinmək |

|◘ I hate being asked questions. When they start asking difficult questions, my mind goes |

|blank. ◘ As she sat to sleep, his mind became blank [22, p.80]. |

|refresh your |to remind yourself sb or sth, especially with |yaddaşını təzələmək, yadına |

|memory |the help of sth that can be seen or heard |salmaq, xatırlamaq |

|- Are you sure you know the way to the museum from here? |

|- I’ve been there but I need a little time to refresh my memory. |

|ring a bell |to make you remember something; sound |nəyisə xatırlamaq, qulağında |

| |familiar |cingildəmək; tanış gəlmək/səslənmək |

|◘ - Have you heard of Quasimodo? |

|- Quasimodo? Yes, that name rings a bell. |

|◘ It rang another bell too, but he could’t remember what, … [21, p.282]. |

|bear something in |in the center of your thought; in |bir şeyi yadında saxlamaq; beyninə |

|mind |your close attention |həkk etmək |

|- Don’t forget that Japanese people don’t like to talk about business straightway. |

|- Thanks. I’ll bear it in mind. |

|have a photographic|to remember |qeyri-adi yaddaşı olmaq; hər şeyi/hər kəsi bir |

|memory |everything/ everyone|baxışdan yadında saxlamaq; göz yaddaşına malik |

| | |olmaq |

|- If I want to remember anything, I have to write it down. |

|- Me too, but my boss is incredible. He’s got a photographic memory. |

|be on the tip of the |about to say something, such as a name, a |xatırlamağa çalışmaq; |

|tongue |telephone number, etc, but unable to |dilinin ucunda olmaq |

| |remember it for the moment | |

|I am sure I know his name. It’s on the top of my tongue. |

|get (hold of) the wrong |(informal) to misunderstand something; to |bir şeyi səhv/ |

|end of the stick |understand sth in the wrong way |tərsinə başa düşmək |

|No, you must have got the wrong end of the stick. I said we should meet outside the cinema, |

|not at my house. |

|go over the head |not understandable; beyond your ability to |başa düşülməyən olmaq; yadda |

| |understand; too hard or strange for you to |qalmamaq; ağıla batmamaq |

| |understand | |

|I can’t understand anything in my physics class. All the explanation goes right over |

|my head. |

|lose someone |to become |bir kəsi çaşdırmaq/çaşmaq; başa sala bilməmək |

| |confused | |

|- Push these two buttons, then this one and then these two at the same time. |

|- Sorry, you’ve lost me! Can you show me again? |

|get/talk/be at |if two people are at cross purposes, |bir-birini başa düşməmək; hərənin |

|cross purposes |they do not understand each other |öz aləmində olması; birinin |

|(pl) |because they are talking about or |Leyli-Məcnundan, birinin |

| |aiming at different things, without |Əsli-Kərəmdən danişması |

| |realizing it | |

|I was talking about my cat and Chris thought I was talking about my mother. It wasn’t until I|

|said something about the cat’s tail and we realised we’d been talking at cross purposes. |

|can’t make head nor |to be unable to |bir şeyi anlamamaq; başa düşməmək; baş |

|tail of smth |understand sth |çıxarmamaq |

|- Do you understand this letter from the solicitor? |

|- No, I can’t make head nor tail of it. |

|take a stroll/trip down |remember some of the happy |keçmişdəki xoşbəxt günləri yada |

|memory lane |things you did in the past |salmaq/ xatırlamaq |

|We decided to visit the place where we’d spent our honeymoon and take a stroll down memory |

|lane. |

|be in/within living memory|can be remembered by people still |yaddaşlarda yaşamaq; |

| |alive |xatırlanmaq |

|Streets lit by gas lamps are still within living memory. |

|a train of |a series of consecutive thoughts |fikir düzümü/ardıcıllığı; məc. |

|thought | |düşüncələrin qatarı |

|◘ Oh no! I’m losing my train of thought. ◘ He refolded the letter hastily and was in the act |

|of replacing it in its envelope when his wife, who had no mail this morning, interrupted his |

|train of thought [14, p.273]. |

|commit something to |make yourself remember |əzbərləmək, əzbər öyrənmək; yadda saxlamaq; |

|memory |something |yaddaşına yazmaq/köçürmək |

|I never write exercise numbers down. I just commit them to memory. |

SECTION EIGHT

LIFE AND DEATH IDIOMS

Həyat və ölümlə bağlı işlənən idiomlar

|bored to death |(informal) to be extremely bored or frightened |darıxmaq; cana doymaq; bezmək|

|He talked about his adventures the whole evening I was bored to death. |

|sick to death|to be bored to death; so ill/sick that|əldən düşmək, bezmək, cana doymaq |

| |you may die | |

|◘ Please be quiet. I’m sick to death of your constant complaining. |

|◘ He was sick to death of them all, and even a little bit of Sasha [18, p.278]. |

|dice with death |to risk your life by doing |ölümlə çilingağaç oynamaq; ölümlə üz-üzə |

| |sth that you know is |gəlmək, həyatını təhlükəyə atmaq |

| |dangerous | |

|You should get the brakes fixed on you car. You’re dicing with death every time you go out on|

|the road. |

|not be able to do |(informal) to be |tənbəllikdən düşməninə “dayı” demək; heç bir |

|sth save your life |completely unable to do |işə yaramamaq; tamamilə heç bir iş bacarmamaq |

| |sth | |

|I can’t believe my eyes! You are working! It must be a joke! You can’t work to save your |

|life, can you? |

|life and soul of |the liveliest, most attractive person at a|diqqət mərkəzində olan; |

|the party |gathering of friends; the one to whom |başqalarından fərqlənən; həyat |

| |most people pay attention |eşqi ilə dolu olan |

|My brother-in-low is normally quite quiet but when he has a couple of drinks he is the life |

|and soul of the party. |

|frighten the life |to make sb suddenly|bir kəsi qorxutmaq/hürkütmək; qorxudan ödü ağzından |

|out of someone |feel afraid |gəlmək; ürəyini qoparmaq |

|- Hello? Who’s there? Is anyone there? |

|- Oh, it’s you, Jack. You frightened the life out of me. |

|make sb’s life a |to behave in a way that makes sb else |bir kəsin həyatını cəhənnəmə |

|misery |feel very unhappy |çevirmək; incitmək |

|I think my boss doesn’t like me. She makes my life a misery. |

|the kiss of |(informal, especially humorous) an event that seems|təhlükəli/riskli məsələ |

|death |good, but is certain to make sth else fail | |

|I don’t think it’s a good idea to go there at this very moment. That’s the kiss of death. |

|be at death’s |(often humorous) very near |ölüm ayağında olmaq; ağır vəziyyətdə olmaq; |

|door |death; dying |bir ayağı qəbirdə olmaq |

|I hear his father is out of hospital. He was at death’s door only last month, he’s made a |

|remarkable recovery. |

♣ LIFE IS GAMBLING

|a bit of a gamble|to take a risk with sth, hoping|riskli/təhlükəli/qumar oyunu kimi bir iş; |

| |that you will be successful |sonu nə cür olacağı bilinməyən iş |

|- My brother is a lawyer and works self-employed. |

|- Well, good luck! Working for yourself can be a bit of a gamble. |

|play your cards |to use abilities and opportunities so as to be |imkanlarından |

|right |successful; act cleverly; make the best use |məharətlə istifadə |

| |of your place or skills |etmək |

|◘ - I’ve got a job at this office. |

|- Congratulations. They’re a good company to work for. Play your cards right, then you’ll do |

|very well there. |

|◘ Tom Fennell had said that if she played her cards well with Roger it might easily lead to |

|something [31, p.138]. |

|when the chips |said when a situation has reached its |həlledici an gəldikdə/ çatdıqda; |

|are down |most critical or worst point |dar macalda |

|- I think the company is having a bad year, from what I’ve heard. |

|- Well, we’ll just have to work that bit harder. We usually do when the chips are down. |

|put money on sth/sb|to bet that a particular horse, dog, etc. will|bir şeyə/kəsə pul qoymaq; |

| |win a race; to feel very sure that sth is |sərmayə yatırmaq; mərc |

| |true or that sb will succeed |gəlmək |

|- The weather looks fine. I’d like to take the children on a picnic. I promised them one of |

|these days. |

|- I wouldn’t put money on it if I were you! You know what it can be like at this time of |

|year. |

|the luck of the |the fact that chance decides sth, in a way that you cannot|taleyin |

|draw |control |qisməti |

|- Why do you think I’ve been chosen to lead this course? |

|- Don’t ask me! It’s just the luck of the draw. |

|show your hand/cards|to make your plans or |öz planını/məqsədini bəlli etmək; |

| |intentions known |kartını açmaq |

|When you start negotiating, let the other person make the first offer. Never show your hand |

|too early. |

|bluff your way |to succeed in dealing with a difficult |vəziyyətdən çıxmaq; sudan|

|in/out through sth |situation by making other people believe sth |quru çıxmaq |

| |which is not true | |

|- If you want my opinion, I’ll have to change your attitude. Get to work 5 minutes early, not|

|5 minutes late. Do you realize your job’s at stake. |

|- Don’t worry. I can look after myself. I can always bluff my way out of trouble. |

|take your |to take a risk or to use the opportunities that|özünü real həyatda sınaqdan|

|chances |you have and hope that things will happen in |çıxarmaq, bəxtini sınamaq |

| |the way that you like | |

|My parents advised me to continue my study. But I decided to take my chances in the real |

|world. |

|a toss-up |(for sth) (informal) to throw a coin in the air in |püşk/cöp atma; seçim |

| |order to decide sth, especially by guessing which |arasında qalma; bığla |

| |side, is facing upwards when it lands; a situation |saqqal arasında qalma |

| |in which either of two choices, results, etc. is | |

| |equally possible | |

|We can’t decide to spend our weekend in the country or to go abroad. It’s a toss-up between |

|the country and abroad. |

|hit the jackpot|make or win a lot of money quickly or |çoxlu pul qazanmaq; cekpotu udmaq |

| |unexpectedly | |

|I’ve passed my exam, got the travel grand, and been offered a fantastic job for when I get |

|back. I guess I’ve hit the jackpot. |

♣ LIFE IS JOURNEY

|be in a rut |stick in an unchanging; boring job, marriage, or |yerində addımlamaq; qabağa |

| |other situation in life |getməmək |

|◘ I have been doing the same job for 15 years. I think I’m in a rut. I need a change. |

|◘ “Why is Mary so sad?” her brother Joe asked. “She feels that she is in a rut”, Mary’s |

|husband replied. |

|go |to end a relationship with sb; to go in|ayrılmaq, əlaqələrə son qoymaq; |

|separate ways |a different direction from sb you have |vidalaşıb/görüşüb ayrılmaq; öz yolu |

| |been travelling with |ilə getmək |

|Our partnership didn’t last. In the end we agreed to go our separate ways. |

|on the road to |changing; going from one condition|sağalmağa başlamaq; yaxşılaşmaq; məc.|

|recovery |to another |kəfəni yırtmaq |

|◘ I’m feeling much better now. I’m well on the road to recovery. |

|◘ My sister was sick for several weeks, but now she is on the road to recovery. |

|(no) turning back |to return the way you have come is |geriyə yol yoxdur |

| |impossible | |

|You’ve made your decision, you realise there’s no turning back, don’t you? |

|follow in sb’s footsteps|to follow someone’s example; |bir kəsin yolunu davam etdirmək; |

| |follow someone exactly |kiminsə davamçısı olmaq |

|His father’s a doctor and it’s obvious Harry’s going to follow in his father’s footsteps. |

| be at a crossroads|at an important point in sb’s life or |yolayrıcında qalmaq; həlledici |

| |development |anda/ məqamda olmaq |

|I can’t make up my mind. It’s either stay where I am or apply for a job abroad. I seem to be |

|at a crossroads in my present job. |

|sb has arrived |(informal) somebody has become |xoşbəxt/bəxtli/bəxtəvər olmaq; bəxti |

| |successful |gətirmək |

|Now he’s been given a new company car, he thinks he’s really arrived. |

|go off the | to start behaving in a strange or |xoşagəlməz hərəkətlər etməyə |

|rails |unacceptable manner, for example |başlamaq; hər şeydən əl çəkmək; |

| |drinking or taking drugs; to lose |cızığından çıxmaq; relsdən çıxmaq |

| |control and stop functioning correctly | |

|His wife died last year. I’m afraid he just hasn’t come to terms with yet. And now he’s |

|started drinking. I’m afraid he’s just gone right off the rails. |

|not know whether you’re |to be so excited or confused that|yerin altında, yoxsa üstündə |

|coming or going |you cannot behave or think in a |olduğunu hiss etməmək; çaş-baş |

| |sensible way |qalmaq |

|I’ve got so much work on my desk. I’m really confused. I don’t know whether I’m coming or |

|going. |

SECTION NINE

NATURE AND WEATHER IDIOMS

Təbiət və hava ilə bağlı işlənən idiomlar

|king’s/queen’s or royal |very nice, beautiful |əla hava; xanlara (bəylərə) |

|weather |weather |layiq hava |

|We’re having royal weather when we were on holiday. |

|pour with rain |to rain very hard |leysan; güclü/şıdırğı yağış |

|It’s pouring with rain. |

|high summer |the hottest part of summer |yayın cırhacır vaxtı; yayın ən isti |

| | |vaxtı |

|I’ll have to go on holiday in high summer. |

|in the depths of winter |the coldest time |qışın oğlan çağı; qışın ən soyuq|

| | |vaxtı |

|It’s very terrible to be homeless in the depths of winter. |

|the course of |the usual or natural way that |təbiətin qanunu; təbiətdə hər hansı |

|nature |something happens, develops, or is |bir hadisənin təbii olaraq baş verməsi|

| |done | |

|In the course of nature winter gives way to spring. |

|rain or shine |whatever the weather is |istər gün olsun, istər yağış; hava necə |

| |like |olur-olsun |

|We’ll go for a walk rain or shine. |

| fine weather for the ducks |rainy weather |yağışlı hava |

|This city has fine weather for the ducks. |

|in the dead of winter |in the middle of winter |qışın ortası; qışın oğlan çağı |

|She moved there in the dead of winter and it made everybody unhappy who heard it. |

|wind and weather |bad, windy weather |“zəhrimar” kimi hava; çox pis küləkli hava|

|It’s a large house, proof against wind and weather. |

|warm sb/sth |to make sb/sth more lively or |bir kəsi/şeyi şövqə gətirmək, ürəkləndirmək, |

|up |enthusiastic; to become more lively|canlandırmaq, qızışmaq, qızışdırmaq (məclis |

| |or enthusiastic |və s.) |

|- How was the office party? |

|- A bit slow at first, but it soon warmed up when the boss left! |

|warm (up) to somebody |to begin to like sb |bir kəsə isinişmək, öyrəşmək, meyl salmaq, |

| | |dostlaşmaq |

|◘ - So, you met my old friend Garry yesterday. What do you think of him? |

|- A great guy! Yes, I warmed up to him straightway. |

|◘ She didn’t warm up to no one [18, p.272]. |

|cloud someone/ |a sad or |bir kəsi/şeyi kədərləndirmək, əhvalını pozmaq, |

|something |depress news |qəmləndirmək, pərt olmaq; bir kəsin qanını qaraltmaq; |

| | |kefinə soğan doğramaq; kefsiz olmaq |

|- Did you have a good time last night? |

|- Not really, Jill had some sad news which clouded the whole evening. |

|brighten up |to become, feel or look happier; to |çiçəyi çırtlamaq; seinmək, |

| |make sb look happier |xoşbəxt olmaq/görünmək |

|- She seemed a bit depressed this morning. |

|- Oh, she’ll soon brighten up when I’ll tell her she’s being sent to Paris! |

|give a frosty |sth that you do or say to sb when they|bir kəsi qaşqabaqlı |

|reception to somebody |arrive, especially sth that makes |qarşılamaq, soyuq qarşılamaq; |

| |them feel you aren’t happy to see them|üzünə baxmamaq |

|I felt sorry when I saw them. They gave us a very frosty reception. |

|storm into |to go somewhere quickly and |bir kəsin üstünə hücum çəkmək, gözlənilmədən içəri |

| |in an angry, noisy way |girmək; fırtına kimi soxulmaq |

|He stormed into the room and shouted at me! |

|give a warm |sth that you do or say to sb when they |bir kəsi |

|welcome |arrive, especially sth that makes them feel |mehribanlıqla/gülərüzlə/səmimi|

| |you are happy to see them |yyətlə qarşılamaq |

|They gave me a very warm welcome. |

|every cloud has a silver|every sad or difficult situation has a |hər işin sonunda bir xeyir |

|lining (saying) |positive side |var |

SECTION TEN

HOUSE AND HOME IDIOMS

Evlə bağlı işlənən idiomlar

|hit/strike home |if a remark, etc. hits/strikes home, it has a |bir kəsin yaralı, zəif |

| |strong effect on sb, in a way that makes them |yerinə toxunmaq; kefinə |

| |realize what the true facts of a situation are; |soğan doğramaq |

| |strike a vulnerable spot | |

|◘ It wasn’t until I got home and sat down that the news about my job really hit home. |

|Twenty-five years in the same factory and now it’s closing. |

|◘ And what she had said to him hit home [21, p.125). |

|a few home |(usually pl.) a true but unpleasant fact about a |xoşagəlməz/pis/acı |

|truth |person, usually told to them by sb else |həqiqət |

|◘ My flat mate never cleans or does the dishes. I think I am going to have to tell her a few |

|home truths. ◘ “Now, Miranda, it’s time for a few home truth. If you think I’m your servant, |

|you’re mistaken”. |

|eat | (informal) to eat so much |hər şeyi yeyib qurtarmaq; kiminsə |

|someone out of |as to cause economic |qonaqpərvərliyindən sui istifadə etmək, |

|house and home |hardship; to overstay one’s|haradasa uzun müddət qalmaq; bir kəsi |

| |welcome |talamaq, var-yoxdan çıxarmaq |

|My brother and his family came to stay with us at Christmas. They nearly ate us out of house |

|and home. We spent a fortune on food. |

|till the cows come |until sunset; until the last |şər qarışana kimi; çox gec |

|home | |saata kimi |

|- He likes to talk, doesn’t he? It’s sometimes difficult to shut him up. |

|- Yes, he’ll sit and talk until the cows come home if you let him. |

|the lights are on but |(humorous) used to describe sb who is stupied, |axmaq/ağlı başında |

|no one at home |not thinking clearly or not paying attention |olmayan adam |

|- Pan can be a bit slow sometimes. I often have to explain things three times. |

|- I know what you mean. I don’t like saying this, but sometimes it seems as if the lights are|

|on but there’s no one at home. |

|bring the house down|to start an audience laughing or |gurultulu alqışlara səbəb olmaq; |

| |clapping enthusiastically |uğur əldə etmək |

|◘ Her last song brought the house down. |

|◘ It used to bring the house down [31, p.185]. |

|nothing to write |nothing interesting or |danışılası (qeyri adi) bir şey yoxdur;|

|home about |significant; nothing to brag |adi, heç nəyi ilə fərqlənməyən |

| |about | |

|- Have you seen Christine’s new boyfriend? What is he like? |

|- Well, he’s OK, I suppose. But nothing to write home about. |

|put your own house |to sort out one’s own |özünə umac ova bilməyib, başqasına əriştə |

|in order |problems first |kəsmək; öz problemləri ilə məşğul olmaq |

|He needs to put his own house in order. |

|Put your own house in order! |Öz işinlə məşğul ol! |

SECTION ELEVEN

POLITICS

Siyasətlə bağlı işlənən idiomlar

|rivet ['rivit] one’s |when things rivet sb, they fascinate sb and |bir kəsin |

|attention on (to) |hold sb’s interest firmly and completely |diqqətini cəlb |

| | |etmək |

|World attention was riveted on the talks in Geneva. |

|take action |to do things in order to deal with |ölçü götürmək; addım atmaq; bir şeyin |

| |or achieve something |qarşısını almağa çalışmaq |

|The government is already taking action to stop the strike. |

|get a new angle |to consider a problem or situation,|hər hansı bir məsələyə başqa tərəfdən |

|on sth |to change one’s point of view of |baxmaq; yeni fikir nümayiş etdirmək |

| |sth | |

|He has got a new angle on the problem. |

|agree to |to agree to accept the fact that they will|müxtəlif fikirdə olan adamların bir |

|differ |never have the same opinion about sth and |araya gəlməsi; razılaşmaq; bir-birinə |

| |so stop arguing about it |güzəştə getmək |

|Sometimes, where important matters are concerned, people agree to differ. |

|hardly annual|a question (problem) discussed every |hər il müzakirə olunan məsələ; çeynənmiş |

| |year |məsələ |

|Readers are one more filling the columns of that newspaper with “Is the government’s policy a|

|Failure?” The hardly annual attracts everybody’s attention this time. |

|drive into the |not to pay much attention to |bir şeyə əhəmiyyət verməmək, diqqət |

|background |sth, to find sth unimportant |yetirməmək, bir şeyi arxa plana |

| | |keçirmək |

|This missile crisis drove again into the background, for a time, the social and political |

|aspirations of the people. |

|keep in the background|to try not to |gözdən yayınmağa çalışmaq; diqqəti cəlb |

| |be noticed |etməməyi/gözdən uzaq/ arxa planda qalmağa çalışmaq |

|He keeps himself very much in the background. |

|on (upon) the anvil |under discussion; sth which is still being |hələ də müzakirə |

|['anvil] |considered and talked about |obyekti olan məsələ |

|The new immigration laws are on the anvil. |

|kill the bill |to defeat a proposed new law |təklif olunan qanun layihəsini rədd |

| | |etmək |

|The bill was killed by 230 votes to 150. |

|lay down (one’s) arms |to stop fighting and |əl saxlamaq; vuruşmanı dayandırmaq, təslim |

| |surrender |olmaq |

|Having suffered a defeat, they laid down their arms. |

|rise in arms (take up arms|to prepare to attack sb |əldə silah üsyan etmək/ üsyana |

|against) |and fight against sb |qalxmaq/silaha sarılmaq |

|The people immediately took up arms against the invader. |

|under arms |if a country has people under arms, it has people trained |döyüşə hazır əsgərlər|

| |to use weapons and ready to fight a war | |

|At this time our country has more forces under arms than ever before. |

|up in arms over sth |to be very angry about sth and |qəti etiraz etmək; nəyinsə qəti |

| |protest strongly |əleyhinə |

|The youth is really up in arms over an unpopular war in Iraq. |

|big stick |the threat of using military or |bir kəsə hərbə-zorba gəlmək, |

|policy/the big |political force to get what one wants |qorxutmaq; güc/dəyənək siyasəti |

|stick | | |

|What is their policy? Is it the big stick policy of their President? |

|a carrot and stick|the promise of reward and |bir kəsi aldadaraq tələyə salmaq; həm |

|policy/the carrot |threat of punishment, both at|mükafat söz vermək, həm də hədə-qorxu |

|and the stick |the same time |gəlmək; sülh və güc siyasəti; bişim-bişimlə |

| | |öz istədiyinə nail olma |

|◘ Their method of negotiating is a combination of the carrot and the stick. |

|◘ His father used the carrot and stick when he talked about his low grades. |

|shuttle diplomacy |international talks, e.g. to try to make |müxtəlif ölkələr arasında |

| |peace, carried out by someone who travels |sülh əldə etmək üçün aparılan|

| |between the countries concerned taking |beynəlxalq danışıqlar zamanı |

| |messages and suggesting answers to problem|vasitəçilik diplomatiyası |

|We find Secretary Brown’s shuttle diplomacy very important. |

|shirtsleeve |informal and direct |bağlı qapı arxasında aparılan danışıqlar; |

|diplomacy |diplomacy |qeyri-rəsmi və üzbəüz danışıq |

|Two presidents continue their shirtsleeve diplomacy. |

|political |someone who is put in prison because they oppose and |siyasi məhbus |

|prisoner |criticize the government of their own country | |

|The President says they have no political prisoners. |

|political |the right to remain safely in another country, for a person who|siyasi |

|asylum |cannot live safely in their own because of the political |sığınacaq |

| |situation | |

|He is seeking political asylum. |

|be at peace with sb|a situation in which there is no war between |sülh şəraitində |

| |countries or in a country |yaşamaq |

|They’ve been at peace with Germany for many years. |

|go into politics |to become a politician |siyasətçi olmaq |

|He went into politics in his early thirties. |

|under a government |during the period of a |hər hansı bir hökumətin hakimiyyəti |

| |government |dövründə |

|There were some changes in policy under the last government. |

|be in government|to be governing a country |hakimiyyətdə olmaq |

|How long has this president been in government? |

SECTION TWELVE

LAW IDIOMS

Qanunla bağlı işlənən idiomlar

|go to law |to go to court in order to deal with a dispute, or |məhkəməyə müraciət etmək |

| |arrange to do this | |

|If he doesn’t agree to our terms, we’ll have to go to law. |

|bring (take) an |a change or a matter for consideration|bir kəsə qarşı məhkəmə işi |

|action against sb |by a court of law |qaldırmaq |

|I’m afraid, we must bring an action against him. |

|the scene of the |a place where an event or action |cinayət yeri; hadisənin baş |

|crime |happens |verdiyi yer |

|They say that murderers always return to the scene of the crime. |

|be behind bars |in prison |dəmir barmaqlıqlar arxasında/ həbsxanada olmaq |

|He has made a lot of crimes, now he is behind bars. |

|aid and abet |to help sb in criminal |cinayət ortağı olmaq; bir kəsə cinayətdə |

| |activities |köməklik göstərmək; cinayətdə əli olmaq |

|He was accused of aiding and abetting the murderer. |

|take the law into |to take no notice of society’s rules|müstəqil araşdırma aparmaq, |

|one’s own hands |and act alone, usually by force |xəfiyyəlik etmək |

|He took the law into his own hands and shot the burglar. |

|the (long) arm of |pomp., humor – justice, esp. in the form of the police, |güclü qanunun|

|the law |considered as something that criminals cannot escape from |əli |

|They were beyond the arm of the law. |

|be called to the|to become a barrister, a lawyer who has the |ali məhkəmədə danışmaq |

|Bar |right of speaking in the higher courts of law |hüququna malik olmaq |

|Your uncle is called to the Bar, isn’t he? |

|hardened |men who have been guilty of many |bir çox cinayətlərdə əli olan; qatı |

|criminals |crimes |cinayətkarlar |

|Putting this man into prison alongside hardened criminals is the surest way to make him |

|reoffend. |

|The greater the crime, the |serious crimes must be |Cinayət nə qədər böyük olarsa, |

|higher the gallows |punished severely |cəza bir o qədər ağır olar |

SECTION THIRTEEN

EATING IDIOMS

Yeməklə bağlı işlənən idiomlar

|eat a horse |to eat a lot; eat |çox yemək, acgözlüklə yemək; bir oturuma bir |

| |hungrily |qoyun yemək |

|I’m hungry. I could eat a horse. |

|eat your words |to take back something you have said;|sözünü geri götürmək; sözündən qaçmaq;|

| |admit something is not true |məc. tüpürdüyünü yalamaq |

|◘ I made him eat his words. |

|◘ He will eat his words with a fork and spoon [16, p.66]. |

|have a sweet |to be excessively fond of dessert items, |şirniyyatı xoşlamaq; şirniyyatdan |

|tooth |such as ice cream, pies, etc |keçə bilməmək |

|- Will she have a dessert? |

|- I’m sure she will. She always has a sweet tooth. |

|bite sb’s head off |to answer someone in great anger; |bir kəsə acıqla/qeyzlə/ quduzcasına |

| |answer furiously |cavab vermək; it kimi qapmaq |

|I had said nothing; I’ve no idea why he’s biting my head off. |

|be in your taste |what a person likes or |bir kəsin zövqünə uyğun olmaq; bir şeyi |

| |prefers |xoşlamaq |

|I didn’t like the opera. It is not in my taste. Bu mənlik deyil. |

|swallow your pride |to take back something you have |qürurundan əl çəkmək; güzəştə |

| |said; admit something is not true |getmək |

|Just swallow your pride and accept their help. |

| leave a bad taste |(of events or experiences) to make you |bir kəsdə nifrət/ikrah oyatmaq; |

|in your mouth |feel disgusted or ashamed afterwards |pis təəssürat buraxmaq |

|The whole experience has left a bad taste in my mouth. |

|get your teeth |(informal) to have something real or solid to |bir işin qulpundan möhkəm |

|into sth |think about; go to work on seriously; struggle|yapışmaq; işə ciddi girişmək |

| |with | |

|- I thought you liked your job. Why do you want a change? |

|- I need a fresh challenge-something to get my teeth into. |

|a second bite at the |an opportunity to do sth |daha bir şans; yenidən cəhd göstərmək |

|cherry | |imkanı |

|- I’ve failed my university entrance exam. I’m not sure if I can retake it. |

|- I expect you can. You’re allowed a second bite at the cherry. |

|bite off more than you |to try to do more than you |başından yekə iş görmək; bacarmadığı |

|can chew |can; be too confident of |işdən yapışmaq; burnu girməyən yerə |

| |your ability |başını soxmaq |

|- I’m going to try to fix the car myself. |

|- Well, if it is difficult, don’t do it. Don’t bite off more than you can chew. |

♣ FOOD IDIOMS

|sb’s cup of |(informal) something you enjoy |bir kəsin zövq aldığı və yaxud yaxşı |

|tea/dish of tea |or do well at; a special |bacardığı iş; hər hansı bir işə olan |

|(used with a |interest, or favourite |xüsusi maraq; sevimli məşğuliyyət, zövq, |

|possessive) |occupation |həvəs, meyl, maraq |

|Going for a walk is his cup of tea. |

|not sb’s cup of tea (used |(informal) not what sb likes or is |bir kəsin xoşlamadığı, |

|with a possessive) |interested in; something you don’t |maraqlanmadığı iş |

| |enjoy or don’t do well | |

|◘ Going to the restaurants is not my cup of tea. |

|◘ But I’m not sure that’s my cup of tea at all [19, p.108]. |

|a couch potato |a person who is addicted to watching |bütün günü televizora baxan adam; |

| |television all day |televizor aludəçisi |

|My brother works hard during the week but at the weekends he spends most of his time lying on|

|the sofa watching TV. He can be a real couch potato. |

|bread and |the usual needs of life; |əsas gəlir mənbəyi, çörək ağacı; həyat üçün zəruri|

|butter |food, shelter, and clothing |olan ehtiyac (ərzaq, paltar və s.), yaşayış |

| | |vasitəsi |

|◘ - So you write novels poetry, do you? |

|- Yes, but sports journalism’s my bread and butter. |

|◘ He’s got his bread and butter to think of, like the rest of us [33, p.56]. |

|go (sell) like |to sell quickly or in great |əlüstü/dərhal satılmaq; göydə qapmaq (mal), |

|hot cakes |numbers |əlüstü alınıb qurtarmaq |

|These T-shirts are sold like hot cakes. |

|a piece of cake |very easy |çox asan; bir udum su kimi |

|I went windsurfing for the first time on Saturday. I thought it was going to be a piece of |

|cake but soon realized it was a lot more difficult than I’d expected. |

|as cool as a cucumber |very calm and controlled |sakit/soyuqqanlı/təmkinli/ özünü itirməyən |

|Did you see the way she handled that aggressive customer? She was as cool as a cucumber. |

|go pear-shaped |to go wrong |alt-üst olmaq, alınmamaq, puç olmaq |

|The whole peace settlement went pear-shaped when the terrorists planted a bomb in the |

|main railway station. |

|butter someone |to try to get the favour or friendship|bir kəsə quyruq bulamaq, |

|up |of (a person) by flattery or |yaltaqlanmaq; məc. kimisə yağlamaq, |

| |pleasantness |başını bişirmək |

|- Before we ask our boss for anything, we start being extra nice to him. |

|- We do the same with our boss. We just butter him up a bit. It’s never failed yet! |

|have (put) all your eggs|to place all your efforts, interests,|bütün ümidlərini bir kəsə/şeyə|

|in one basket |or hopes in a single person or thing |bağlamaq; risk etmək |

|The golden rule with investments is to put our money in a variety of different |

|companies. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. |

|stew in your own juice|to suffer from sth that you have |öz qazdığı quyuya düşmək; öz |

| |caused to happen yourself |cəzasını çəkmək |

|- I’m going to phone Mike to see if he’s ready to say sorry about that argument. |

|- No, don’t do that, it’s his fault, so let him stew in his own juice, for a while. |

|egg on sb’s face |embarrassment; humiliation caused by a claim|utanmaq; biabır olmaq; pis |

| |made, which subsequently turns out to be |vəziyyətə düşmək; pərt olmaq |

| |false | |

|◘ We ended up with egg on our face. |

|◘ My friend announced that she got the directorship of the firm. He sure had a lot of eggs on|

|his face the next day, when it turned out that he was not even considered for the post. |

|the icing on |something extra and not essential that is |süd gölünə düşmə, istədiyindən |

|the cake |added to an already good situation or |artığını əldə etmə; doşab |

| |experience and that makes it even better |alasan bal çıxa |

|I love my new job; the people, the work, the money. The fact they’ve given me the car of my |

|dreams is just the icing on the cake. |

|Fry your eggs! |Öz işinlə məşğul ol! |

♣ MEALS

|eat sb’s bread |to live on sb, to live at the cost of |bir kəsin çörəyini yemək; kiminsə |

| |someone else |hesabına yaşamaq |

|He likes to eat his parents’ bread. |

|wine and dine sb |to entertain or be entertained |bir kəsi yedirib-içirmək, qonaqlıq vermək, |

| |with a meal and wine |bir kəsi qonaq etmək |

|We wined and dined our guests until late into the night. |

|make your mouth water |to want to eat sth very |ağzının suyu axmaq; ağzı sulanmaq; bir şeyi|

| |much |çox istəmək |

|◘ What beautiful cakes! They really make my mouth water. |

|◘ Makes my mouth water just repeating the menu [23, p.305]. |

|melt in your mouth |if food melts in your mouth, it is |ağzında ərimək (bir şeyin çox |

| |soft and delicious |yumşaq və dadlı olması) |

|These chocolates really melt in your mouth. |

|smack your |to make a short loud noise with your lips |ağzını marçıldatmaq; bir şeyin |

|lips |because one is hungry, or to express how much |ləzzətli olduğunu göstərmək |

| |you’ve enjoyed eating some food | |

|He looked at the plate and smacked his lips. |

|eat somebody |to eat a lot of someone’s |hər şeyi yeyib qurtarmaq, bir kəsin |

|out of house and |supply of food, so that they|qonaqpərvərliyindən sui istifadə etmək, |

|home |have to buy more |məc. silib-süpürmək; hər şeyin (ərzaq) |

| | |axırına çıxmaq |

|When her children come home, they eat her out of house and home. |

|Eat, drink and be merry |enjoy life, because it’s very|Ye, iç, kef elə, dünya beş |

|(saying) |short |günlükdür |

|I advise you eat, drink and be merry. We don’t know what we’ll face in future. |

|big (light, fussy, etc.) |someone who eats a lot, not much, only |qarınqulu; çox |

|eater |particular things, etc |yeyən |

|My friend has always been a big eater. |

|to my (your, his, etc.) |in a way that I like |zövqümə uyğun, ürəyimcə olan; ürəyimə yatan|

|taste | | |

|There are many things to my taste here. I think I’ll stay here. |

|eat like a bird |to eat very little |uşaq payı (az) yemək; yeməyi quş kimi |

| | |dimdikləmək |

|She is very thin. She eats like a bird. |

SECTION FOURTEEN

FIRE IDIOMS

Odla bağlı işlənən idiomlar

|Fire has always been very important in all societies. It is not surprising that the image of |

|fire is used in many situations, particularly in human relationships. |

|burning ambition|(of feeling) very strong; |bir şeyi dəlicəsinə istəmək; bir işin həyata |

| |extreme |keçməsini çox arzulamaq |

|I want to be a teacher. I’ve got a burning ambition to teach children English in our village.|

|heated discussion |a loud, often violent discussion |alovlu/qızğın/səs-küylü müzakirə |

|I wouldn’t say we had an argument. It was just a heated discussion. |

|get on like a |(informal) (of people) to become |bir kəslə yaxşı yola getmək; tez və |

|house on fire |friends quickly and have a very |asan əlaqə yaratmaq, yaxşı ünsiyyətdə |

| |friendly relationship |olmaq; isti münasibət qurmaq |

|◘ I met Jackie at a conference and liked her immediately. We got on like a house on fire.¨ |

|◘ I know that you can act me off the stage, but we get on together like a house on |

|fire, and … [31, p.36]. |

|play with fire |to act in a way that is not sensible |risk etmək; məc. odla oynamaq, özünü |

| |and take dangerous risks |təhlükəyə atmaq |

|You’re playing with fire. If the company finds out what you’ve done, you’ll be looking for a |

|new job. |

|go up in smoke|if your plans, hopes, etc. go up in smoke, |arzuların puç olması; bir şeyin |

| |they fail completely; disappear; fail; not |tamamilə yanıb kül olması; |

| |come true; to be completely burnt |yoxa/boşa çıxması |

|◘ I was planning a quiet weekend, but Sally and Richard invited themselves round on Saturday,|

|so all my plans went up in smoke. |

|◘ Our cottage went up in smoke last year. |

|shoot somebody down|to be very critical of sb’s ideas, |bir kəsin ağzından vurmaq, sözünü |

|in flames |opinions, etc |ağzında qoymaq; danışmağa imkan |

| | |verməmək |

|Every time I have a new idea you just shoot me down in flames without really listening to |

|what I have to say. |

|sparks fly |(usually plural) feeling of anger or |mübahisə, dava-dalaş, səs-küy; aləm |

| |excitement between people; argument |bir-birinə dəyir |

|Have you ever heard Kate and Tina discussing politics? The sparks really fly when they |

|disagree about something. |

|a baptism of fire |a difficult introduction to a new job or |cəhənnəm əzabı |

| |activity | |

|I can remember my first day in the classroom. I had to teach maths to a class of 30 very |

|difficult sixteen - year-olds. It was a baptism of fire. |

|burn your |to make a decision |tələsik qərar vermək; tələsik addım atmaq, geriyə yol |

|bridges |that you cannot change|qoymamaq, məc. öz körpüsünü/qayığını yandırmaq; |

| | |oturduğu budağı kəsmək |

|- Are you resigning? |

|- Well, I’m looking for a change, but I’m not leaving this job till I’ve got something fixed |

|up. I don’t want to burn my bridges. |

|add more fuel to |to make a bad matter worse by |aranı qatmaq; odun üstünə yağ tökmək; |

|the fire |adding to its cause; spread |dalaşanları qızışdırmaq; vəziyyəti |

| |trouble increase anger or other |daha da pisləşdirmək, məc. altına od |

| |strong feelings by talk or action |qoymaq |

|- That’s the third government minister who’s resigned this week. |

|- There’s been something funny going on for a long time. This just adds more fuel to the |

|fire. |

SECTION FIFTEEN

MEDICINE IDIOMS

Təbabətlə (səhhətlə) bağlı işlənən idiomlar

|alive and |if someone or something is alive and kicking, |həyat eşqilə dolu; sağ və |

|kicking |they are not only still living or in existence, |salamat; gümrah |

| |but are also very active and lively | |

|Though my age I am alive and kicking and thinking of you. |

|be a picture of health |to look very healthy |yanaqlarından qan dammaq; çox sağlam görünmək|

|When I saw him, he was a picture of health. |

|be (as) right as rain |to be completely well and healthy|özünə gəlmək; yenidən qaydasına |

| |again |düşmək |

|Don’t worry! You’ll soon be as right as rain. |

|a bag of bones/ skin and |very thin |çox arıq; bir qucaq sür-sümük; bir dəri, bir sümük|

|bone | | |

|My sister is very thin, just a bag of bones. |

|feel like a boiled/wet rag|very tired |özünü əzgin hiss etmək; çox yorğun olmaq |

|I’m just recovering from flu, and I don’t think there is any illness which makes one feel |

|more like a wet rag than that does. |

|feel like death warmed up |to feel very ill |çox xəstə olmaq; məc. özünü ölü kimi hiss |

| | |etmək |

|My wife feels like death warmed up much of the time. |

|go to pieces |to be nervous |dəli-divanəyə dönmək |

|◘ His nerves had gone to pieces when he heard this news. |

|◘ He plays a winning hand very well, but when he has bad cards he goes all to pieces [33, |

|p.41]. |

|go from bad to worse |to become more difficult |pisləşmək (iş, vəziyyət |

| | |və s.) |

|After that things went from bad to worse. |

|between life and |an extremely serious, dangerous situation when someone|həyatla ölüm |

|death |may die if people don’t act immediately |arasında |

|Phone an ambulance. She’s between life and death. It’s a matter of life and death. |

|catch a cold |to become ill with a cold |sətəlcəm olmaq, soyuqlamaq, özünü soyuğa |

| | |vermək |

|Don’t sit there. You’ll catch a cold. |

|catch one’s death =catch one’s|to be very cold and probably become |soyuqlamaq; sətəlcəm |

|death of cold |very ill |olmaq |

|Don’t go out in wet weather! You’ll catch your death of cold. |

|sb’s days are |there only remains a short time before |sayılı günləri qalmaq; ölümünə |

|numbered |sth unpleasant will happen to someone, |az qalmaq; can vermək, can üstə |

| |e.g. that someone will die |olmaq |

|Me grandfather is terribly ill. His days are numbered. |

|breathe your last (breathe or |to die |canını tapşırmaq; son nəfəsini vermək;|

|gasp) | |ölmək |

|◘ He sighed and breathed his last. |

|◘ … and then finally breathed his last, …[21, p.309]. |

|die a natural death |to die quietly of old age or illness rather than |əcəli ilə |

| |because of an accident, in war |ölmək |

|He had been in action all through the war. But he died a natural death. |

|die in your boots/die with your |to die while still working |qəfildən olmək; rahat |

|boots on | |ölmək |

|I’d much rather die in my boots. |

|hope against hope |to hope for sth that |möcüzənin baş verəcəyinə/ qeyri-mümkün olan |

| |seems impossible |bir işin düzələcəyinə ümid etmək |

|We hoped against hope that my father would become better. But in vain. |

|be a martyr of sth/die|to suffer greatly/ die, |bir şeydən çox əziyyət çəkmək; bir şeyə|

|a martyr to |because of sth |düçar/ mübtəla olub ölmək |

|She’s a martyr to severe headaches. |

|take your life in |to put oneself in danger of |həyatı ilə oynamaq; özünü təhlükəyə/ölümün|

|your own hands |death |ağuşuna/ atmaq |

|Every time you cross this busy road you take your life in your hands. |

|nurse sb back to |to nurse someone until |xəstənin yatağından aralanmamaq; sağalanadək |

|health |they’re well again |xəstənin qulluğunda durmaq |

|My mother nursed my elder brother back to health. |

|bring sb to life |to make someone live, regain |bir kəsi yenidən həyata qaytarmaq |

| |consciousness | |

|She was brought to life by the doctor. |

♣ HEALTH IDIOMS

|a sore |a weak or sensitive part; a subject or thing about |ağrılı məsələ; bir kəsin |

|point/ spot |which someone becomes angry or upset easily |ağrılı yeri |

|Try not to mention baldness while he’s here. It’s a sore spot for him. |

|give someone a |to treat someone the |bir kəsin sənə etdiyi pisliyin /yaxşılığın |

|tastle/dose of their own|way he or she treats |əvəzini vaxtı gələndə çıxmaq; kiməsə onun öz |

|medicine |others |kartı ilə cavab vermək |

|When I refused to help him I tried to give him a tastle of his own medicine. |

|sugar the |do sth to make something unpleasant more |gərginliyi azaltmaq |

|pill |acceptable | |

|My father has sugared the overtime pill by offering a large extra payment. |

|a bitter pill to |something hard to |xoşagəlməz məsələ/əhvalat; qəbul edilməsi ağır|

|swallow |accept; disappointment |olan acı həqiqət |

|◘ My brother wasn’t invited to the party as it was a bitter pill for him to swallow. |

|◘ At forty, cessation of menses is a bitter pill to swallow. |

|have itchy |(informal) to want to travel or move |bir yerdə qərar tuta bilməmək; bir yerdə |

|feet |to a different place; to want to do|uzun müddət qala bilməmək; məc. ayağının |

| |sth different |altı qaşınmaq |

|I’m leaving this place next week. As you know, I can’t stay in one place for more than a year |

|without getting itchy feet. |

SECTION SIXTEEN

DAILY PROGRAMME

Gündəlik işlərlə bağlı olan idiomlar

|be as regular as |very regular |saat kimi dəqiq olmaq; hər hansı bir işi eyni vaxtda |

|clock-work | |görmək; müntəzəm |

|He phones me every evening, regular as clockwork. |

|be as busy as a bee |very busy |arı kimi çalışqan olmaq; çox məşğul |

| | |olmaq |

|I don’t have time to help you. I’m as busy as a bee. |

|be up to one’s ears in |to have a lot of work |çox işi olmaq; işi başından aşmaq |

|work | | |

|I’m up to my ears in work. |

|have one’s hands |to be very busy or |başını qaşımağa vaxtı olmamaq; olduqca məşğul olmaq;|

|full |too busy |əlində çox işi olmaq |

|I’m sorry I can’t come. I have my hands full with problems at home. |

|a woman’s work is never done |one has always some housework|evin (qadının) işi qurtarmaz; |

| |to do |həmişə görüləsi işi olmaq |

|I’ll do the cleaning and go to bed, I’m tired out. A woman’s work is never done. |

|morning, noon and night |used to emphasize that something happens a|səhər-axşam; daima |

| |lot or continuously | |

|My sister is on the phone morning, noon and night. |

|not sleep a wink/not get a wink | not be able to sleep at all |yuxusuz qalmaq; çimir |

|of sleep | |almamaq; göz yummamaq |

|◘ He looked tired. He never slept a wink that night. |

|◘ Eily couldn’t sleep a wink with worry and did her best to hide it from the others [30, |

|p.38]. |

SECTION SEVENTEEN

BREAKING IDIOMS

Emosional hisslər ifadə edən idiomlar

|go to pieces |to become very nervous or sick from |məhv olmaq; dünya başına |

| |nervousness; become wild |fırlanmaq; qəlbi parçalanmaq |

|He went to pieces when he heard of his mother’s death. |

|feel fragile |not strong and likely to become ill/sick |özünü əzgin/xəstə hiss etmək; kefsiz|

| | |olmaq |

|He’s feeling fragile this morning. He had a late night. |

|handle someone |to deal with sb in a very careful way so |bir kəslə çox ehtiyatla |

|with kid gloves |that you do not offend or upset them |davranmaq; bişim-bişimlə |

| | |davranmaq |

|Be very careful what you say to him. You have got to handle him with kid gloves. |

|knock someone down with a |(informal) used to |gördüyündən şoka düşmək; sevincdən ürəyi |

|feather |express surprise |getmək; gözləri kəlləsinə çıxmaq |

|◘ When I heard the news, you could have knocked me down with a feather. |

|◘ “You could have knocked me down with a feather”, she answered, so surprised that she looked|

|at him blankly [33, p.34]. |

|snap back sb |to speak or say sth in an impatient, |bir kəsə kəskin/kobud/ qaba tərzdə |

| |usually angry voice |cavab vermək; it kimi qapmaq |

|“Do it yourself, if you think you can do it better!” he snapped back. |

|put sb’s life back |to come to oneself |yenidən həyata qayıtmaq; özünə gəlmək |

|together | | |

|After his wife’s death, it took him a long time to put his life back together. |

|mend the |to find a solution to a problem or |bir kəsin könlünü almaq; |

|relationship |disagreement |münasibətləri yenidən bərpa etmək|

|She wants a divorce, but Justin is trying to mend the relationship. |

|pick up the pieces|to continue living life normally after |hər hansı bir hadisədən sonra |

| |some tragedy that put a major roadblock |özünə gəlmək; yenidən həyata |

| |in one’s way |bağlanmaq |

|It was terrible losing Mary, but I’m doing my best to pick up the pieces. |

|need careful handling|to deal with sb in a very |bir kəslə ehtiyatla rəftar etmək; bir |

| |careful way |kəslə bişim-bişimlə davranmaq |

|He needs careful handling. He’s brilliant, but he’s a bit sensitive to criticism. |

|break sb’s heart |to discourage greatly; make very |ruhdan düşmək, məyus olmaq; bir kəsin |

| |sad or hopeless |qəlbini sındırmaq/parçalamaq |

|◘ When her son was killed in the war, it broke her heart. |

|◘ “Have you broken my heart and ruined my whole life just to keep me in your rotten theatre?”|

|[31, p.43]. |

SECTION EIGHTEEN

HOLIDAYS

Istirahətlə bağlı işlənən idiomlar

|get away from |to get loose or get free; become free |hamıdan, hər şeydən |

|all |from being held or controlled; succeed |qaçmaq/uzaqlaşmaq; baş götürüb |

| |in leaving; escape |qaçmaq, aradan çıxmaq |

|- When are you on holiday? |

|- Tomorrow. |

|- I can’t wait. I am really looking forward to getting away from it all. |

|off the |not well known or often used; not gone to|gözdən uzaq yer; sakit yer; tapdaq |

|beaten track |or seen by many people; unusual |(ayaqaltı) olmayan yer |

|I like this town. It is so quiet. We are the only tourists. I prefer places off the beaten |

|track. |

|let your hair down |act freely and naturally; be |azad nəfəs almaq; sərbəst olmaq; |

| |informal; relax |dincəlmək, özünü sərbəst aparmaq |

|Why do you always stay here? It is the best place to really let your hair down. |

|have time of your |a very happy or wonderful time|həyatın ən gözəl dəqiqələrini yaşamaq |

|life | | |

|- How was your holiday? |

|- Wonderful. We had the time of our lives. |

|in the middle of |in a deserted, far |çox uzaq, əlçatmaz yer; dünyanın |

|nowhere |away place |qurtaracağında/o başında |

|◘ - Where is the cottage you’re renting in Portugal? |

|- Oh, it’s miles from anywhere in the middle of nowhere. |

|◘ When my car stopped on the highway in the middle of nowhere, it took forever to get help. |

|◘ To die all alone in the middle of nowhere, starved and with no family or friends [30, |

|p.70]. |

|have a whale of a time|to enjoy yourself very much; to have a very |əla vaxt keçirmək; |

| |good time |əylənmək |

|- Did you like your skiing holiday? What was it like? |

|- It was great. We had a whale of a time. |

|what the doctor orders |(humorous) exactly what sb wants or|zəruri/gərəkli olan hər şey; quş |

| |needs |iliyi can dərmanı |

|- I see you had a good time? |

|- Fantastic. Sun, sea and excellent food. It was just what the doctor ordered. |

|recharge the |to get back your strength and |enerji yığmaq; gümrahlaşmaq; havasını|

|batteries |energy by resting for a while |dəyişmək, istirahət etmək |

|We are going to recharge our batteries, that is why we are here. |

|pack everything except the |(humorous) a very large number of |əlinə keçəni, gözü gördüyünü |

|kitchen sink |things, probably more than is |götürmək; hər şeyi |

| |necessary |yığıb-yığışdırmaq |

|- Are you sure everything is in the cases? |

|- Yes, positive. We have packed everything except the kitchen sink. |

|watch the world go |to relax and watch people in a |qaynar həyatı kənardan seyr edərək |

|by |public place |zövq almaq |

|- Have you been to Paris? |

|- Yes, I love Paris, I love sitting in a cafe watching the world go by. |

SECTION NINETEEN

SLEEP AND DREAM IDIOMS

Yuxu və arzu idiomları

|lose sleep over |to worry about something |narahat olmaq; kürkünə birə düşmək; yuxusu ərşə |

| | |çəkilmək |

|- I am a bit worried that I upset Amanda I didn’t mean to be rude. |

|- It was just a misunderstanding. Don’t lose any sleep over it. |

|be half asleep |not fully awake |ayaq üstə mürgüləmək; yarı yuxulu |

|- Sorry? What did you say? I wasn’t listening. |

|- What’s the matter with you this morning? You are half asleep. |

|a dream come true |a wish to have or be sth, especially |arzunun həyata |

| |one that seems difficult to achieve |keçməsi/gerçəkləşməsi |

|- So, you’re off to America at the weekend? Have a good time. |

|- I will. I’ve been waiting to go for years. It’s a dream come true. |

|go like a dream| to work very well; to happen without |yuxuya bənzəmək; əla getmək/(iş, |

| |problems, in the way that you had |plan və s.) olmaq/işləmək |

| |planned | |

|◘ - How was your date with Richard? Is he Mr. Right? |

|- It was wonderful. Everything was perfect. It went like a dream. |

|◘ Our new computer goes like a dream. |

|sleep on sth |(informal) to delay making a decision about sth|götür-qoy etmək; təxirə salıb |

| |until the next day, so that you have time to |(qərarı) vaxtı uzatmaq/ vaxt |

| |think about it |qazanmaq |

|- Work in the Madrid office? Well, it sounds good, but it’s a big decision to have home for |

|two years. |

|- Sleep on it! You don’t have to decide now. We can talk again tomorrow. |

|I wouldn’t dream of |(informal) |Bunu heç vaxt etmərəm! Bunu ağlımdan da |

|it! |I would never do it |keçirmirəm! |

|- Do you allow yourself to have a drink when you’re driving? |

|- No, I wouldn’t dream of it. I’d never forgive myself if I had an accident. |

|sleep like a |(informal) to sleep very deeply and |yaxşı yatmaq; ölü/daş kimi yatmaq, |

|log/baby |soundly |xorxaxor yatmaq |

|◘ I feel great. I slept like a log last night. |

|◘ Every day I was up at dawn, clearing, working on my house, and at night when I threw myself|

|on my bed it was to sleep like a log till morning [32, p.202]. |

|dead to the world |fast asleep |bərk yatmaq; dünyadan xəbəri olmamaq |

|Someone said there was thunder last night, but I didn’t hear a thing. I was dead in the |

|world. |

|get/have a wink |to be able to sleep |gözünün acısını almaq; |

| | |mürgüləmək |

|I sometimes stay in my office and have forty winks at my desk. |

|look dead on one’s |very tired but still standing |çox yorğun olmaq; məc. ayaq üstə ölmək|

|feet |or walking |(yorğunluqdan) |

|It is time you go to bed. You look dead on your feet. |

SECTION TWENTY

SUITABILITY

Münasibət bildirən idiomlar

|feel at home |to feel comfortable, relaxed, |özünü evindəki kimi hiss etmək; rahat |

| |at ease |olmaq |

|- Is your son still living in Italy? |

|- Yes, he feels very much at home there. |

|fit (sb) like a |to fit |əyninə biçilmək; boyuna/ölçüsünə uyğun olmaq; məc. əyninə |

|glove |perfectly |qutu kimi oturmaq |

|- How do these shoes feel? |

|- Lovely. They fit like a glove. I’m just not sure about the colour. |

|do the trick |to bring success in doing something; |uğur gətirmək; uğurlu/yaxşı olmaq |

| |have a desired result |(nəticə haqda) |

|- I’ve got a terrible headache. I’d better go home. |

|- Try this medicine. It’ll do the trick! You’ll be feeling as right as rain again in a couple |

|of minutes. |

|fit/fill the bill |to be what is needed in a |münasib olmaq; uyğun (yararlı) olmaq;|

| |particular situation or for a |tələblərə cavab vermək |

| |particular purpose | |

|◘ - We’re looking for somebody to send to England. |

|- What about Mr. Anar? I think he’d fill the bill, wouldn’t he? |

|◘ And Harcourt didn’t fit the bill either, though he was perfect for her sister [21, p.17]. |

|tailor something |to make or adopt sth for a particular|bir şeyi tələblərə uygun |

|to sb’s needs |purpose, a particular person, etc |düzüb-qoşmaq |

|- My timetable is not suitable for me. |

|- Don’t worry. That’s no problem. We can tailor it to your needs. |

|out of |in the wrong place or at the wrong time; |əlverişli/münasib olmayan vəziyyət; |

|place |not suitable; improper |biabırçı/ gülünc vəziyyət |

|Everyone else was wearing fancy dress! I was the only one in a suit! I felt completely out of |

|place. |

|It’s (for) you! (me, her, them,|used to say that sth belongs to or who it is|Əsl sənin |

|etc.) |intended for |malındır! |

|- Does this coat suit me? |

|-It’s you! Yes, it’s definitely you. |

|a square peg in a | a person who doesn’t fit into a job |öz yerində olmayan adam; |

|round hole |or position; someone who doesn’t |müqəvvaya oxşayan/gülünc görünən|

| |belong where he is |adam |

|I’m sorry for Clive. He just doesn’t fit in around here. He is a square peg in a round hole. |

|be in your element |doing what you are good at |ürəyincə olan/zövq aldığın işi görmək, öz |

| |and enjoy |yerində olmaq |

|My sister works in the kindergarten. She loves children, and she is in her element. |

|right up your |(informal) very suitable for you because|bir kəs üçün əlverişli /münasib olan |

|street |it is sth that you know a lot about or |iş; bir kəsin ürəyincə olan iş |

| |are interested in | |

|Thanks for this job. It is right up my street. |Bu işə görə çox sağ olun. Əsl |

| |mənlikdir. |

SECTION TWENTY ONE

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

Oxşarlıq və fərq bildirən idiomlar

|be in the same boat|in the same trouble, in the same fix; in |eyni vəziyyətdə olmaq; eyni qara|

| |the same bad situation |gündə/dərddə olmaq |

|It’s not just you who are worried about losing their jobs. We’re all in the same boat. |

|a/the world of |(informal) used to emphasize how different two|yer-göy qədər fərqli |

|difference |things are; to be different |olmaq; çox fərqlənmək |

|There is a world of difference between visiting a country and actually living there. |

|one of a kind |the only one like this|tayı-bərabəri olmayan; hamıdan (hər şeydən) |

| | |fərqli olan |

|I love my uncle. He’s a politician. I don’t know anybody quite like him. He’s one of a kind. |

|(Ondan yoxdur). |

|be poles apart|completely different; to have no interests |tamamilə fərqli, ayrı-ayrı |

| |that you share |fikirlərdə olmaq |

|Anar and I are good friends but when it comes to politics we’re poles apart. |

|a far cry from |something very different |fərqli/yer-göy qədər fərqli olmaq |

|◘ So here you are living in a luxury flat looking out at Buckingham Palace. It’s a |

|far cry from the slums of Liverpool! |

|◘ It was a far cry from her gentle loving family in Japan [19, p.26]. |

|as different as |if two people or things are like chalk and|çox fərqlənmək; yer-göy qədər |

|chalk and cheese |cheese, or as different as chalk and |fərqli olmaq; ayrı-ayrı |

| |cheese, they’re completely different from |dünyanın insanları olmaq |

| |each other | |

|- I think, you and your husband are very different characters, aren’t you? |

|- Completely different. We are as different as chalk and cheese. |

|a different kettle of|(informal) a completely different |fərqli olmaq; hamıdan fərqlənmək; |

|fish |situation or person from the one |başqa adamlardan seçilmək |

| |previously mentioned | |

|- I only knew Mary’s sister Anne. She led a very quiet life. |

|- Oh, you couldn’t accuse Mary of that! She was a different kettle of fish. |

|stick out like a |to be conspicuous; be |barmaqla göstərilmək; gülünc vəziyyətə düşmək; |

|sore thumb |different from the |diqqəti özünə cəlb etmək; özünü gözə soxmaq |

| |rest |(hərəkəti, geyimi və s. ilə) |

|You can’t go to work wearing such a kind of tie! You’ll stick out like a sore thumb! |

|be on a par with sb/ |as good, bad, important, etc. |bir kəslə/şeylə bərabər, eyni |

|sth |as sb/sth else |vəziyyətdə olmaq; fərqlənməmək |

|I would say that the cost of living in London is on a par with Paris. |

|Join the club! |(informal) used when sth bad that has happened |sən də bizim günlüsən; sən |

| |to sb else has also happen to you |də bizlərdənsən |

|- I’m absolutely fed-up! I’m over-worked and under-paid. |

|- Join the club! You are not the one, you know! |

|a carbon copy | a person or thing that is very similar to|bir kəsin/şeyin eyni |

| |sb/sth else | |

|This book is virtually a carbon copy of the last one. |

SECTION TWENTY TWO

ORGANIZATIONS ARE GARDENS

Yaxşı plan işin yarısı deməkdir

|dig out |to find by searching; bring out (sth)|bir şeyi araşdırmaq/üzə çıxarmaq/axtarıb |

| |that was put away |tapmaq; qazıb/eşib çıxarmaq |

|I have got some difficulties with this account. Do you have a minute? If you can dig them out |

|for me, I’ll be grateful to you. |

|stem from |originate from |kökünü/mənbəyini/başlangıcını götürmək; yaranmaq, əmələ |

| | |gəlmək; |

|I’ll explain to you why you’ve got problems. All your problems stem from bad communication. |

|You need to speak to each other once more. |

|plough money into |invest a lot of money |pul/sərmayə qoymaq; bir şeyə maya |

| | |yatırmaq |

|I don’t advise you to plough money into this project. Otherwise you’ll fail, I |

|think. |

|weed out |to remove what is unwanted, |kənar etmək; təmizləmək; təzələmək; köhnəni |

| |harmful, or not good enough from |yenisi ilə əvəz etmək; alaq etmək |

|Some people have been doing the same thing at our work for a long time. We haven’t had any |

|differences yet. I think we need to weed out our weaker ones and re-train our best staff. |

|cut back on |to reduce |azaltmaq, aşağı salmaq, kəsmək |

|We are in the middle of a recession. That means we all have to cut back on all unnecessary |

|expense. |

|branch out into|expand and diversify|genişləndirmək; müxtəlifləşdirmək, eyni şeyi cürbəcür |

| | |şəkildə göstərmək |

|They are planning to branch out into new markets in this part of the city. |

|bear fruit |produce results |nəticə vermək/göstərmək; bar vermək |

|Two thousand replies this week! Our promotional campaign is beginning to bear fruit at last. |

|dead wood |people or things that have become useless or|yararsız; heç bir işə yaramayan |

| |unnecessary in an organization |adam/əşya; köhnə-kürüş, cır-cındır |

|If we want to be more efficient, we have to get rid of the dead wood in middle management. |

SECTION TWENTY THREE

FAMILY IDIOMS

Ailə üzvləri arasındakı münasibətləri əks etdirən idiomlar

♣ FAMILY LIFE

|baby of the family |a younger child in a family, often the |ailənin sonbeşiyi; evin kiçiyi|

| |youngest | |

|I’ve got two brothers who are older than me and then my younger sister Susan who is 16. She |

|is the baby of the family. |

|be like two peas in a |closely similar; almost exactly |iki alma kimi bir-birinə |

|pod |alike |oxşamaq; çox oxşar olmaq |

|They’ve got two sons and they look just the same. They’re like two peas in a pod. |

|blood is |persons of the same family are closer to|ətini yesə də sümüyünü atmaz; qan |

|thicker than |one another than to others; relatives |çəkir; (ailə üzvlərinin bir-birinə |

|water |are favored or chosen over outsiders |çox bağlı olması haqda) |

|◘ Sam is not the best person for the job but his father made him head of marketing in the |

|family business. As you know, blood is thicker than water. |

|◘ Mr. Brown hires his relatives to work in his store. Blood is thicker than water. |

|◘ She was his sister after all, and blood was thicker than water [18, p.93]. |

|be your own flesh |a close relative (as a |bir kəsin can-ciyəri (sevimlisi) olmaq; |

|and blood |father, daughter, brother); |yaxın qohum/eyni qandan olmaq |

| |close relatives | |

|◘ My son’s in trouble with the policy. I normally have no sympathy with people who break the|

|low but it’s different when it’s your own flesh and blood. |

|◘ They were flesh and blood, and he loved them [18, p.92]. |

|fight like cat and |disagree or argue violently, often |dalaşmaq; yola getməmək; |

|dog |repeatedly |it-pişik kimi dolanmaq |

|My sister and her husband used to fight like cat and dog when they were younger. |

|like father, like |(ironic) a son is usually like his father in the |oğul atasına oxşayar |

|son |way he acts | |

|My brother is mad about tennis, just like our father. You know what they say: “Like father, |

|like son”. |

|tie the knot|to get married; to perform a |evlənmək; bir yerdə ömür sürməyə qərar vermək; |

| |wedding ceremony |ömrünü kiminləsə bağlamaq |

|My brother and his girlfriend decided to tie the knot. They’re getting married in spring. |

|a long-lost |a long-lost relative is one whom |uzun müddət xəbər-ətər çıxmayan |

|relative |you haven’t seen for many years |qohum; itkin düşmüş qohum |

|I have a long-lost relative in Persian. I didn’t even know he existed. I’m going to visit |

|him this summer. |

|runs in the family |to be a common family characteristic; be |ailə ənənəsi; |

|(runs in the blood) |learned or inherited from your family |nəsildən-nəslə keçən ailə |

| | |ənənəsi |

|Everyone in our family plays a saz. Music runs in our family. |

|be like chalk and |to be completely different |bir-birindən fərqlənmək; bir-birinə |

|cheese |from each other |oxşamamaq, yer-göy qədər fərqli olmaq |

|My sister and I look alike but when it comes to personality we’re like chalk and cheese. |

|be/look the very picture of|be the spitting image of|bir kəsə çox bənzəmək; elə bil atasının|

|your (father) |sb; to look like a |eynidir, məc. elə bil atasının |

| |relative |burnundan düşüb |

|My brother looks the very picture of our father. |

|as pretty as a picture |very pretty |şəkil kimi gözəl; çox gözəl |

|◘ She is as pretty as a picture. I’m sure my brother will fall in love with her at the first|

|sight. |

|◘ “And pretty as a picture, they tell me” [31, p.138]. |

|keep one’s looks |to continue to be physically |özünü yaxşı saxlamaq (xarici |

| |attractive |görünüşcə); yaxşı görünmək |

|My boss keeps his looks even in the old age. |

|beauty lies in |different people have different |Leyliyə Məcnunun gözü ilə bax; hər|

|lover’s eyes |opinions about what is beautiful |kəsin gözəllik haqda öz fikri var |

|I don’t not agree with you. I think, he is very handsome. Beauty lies in lover’s eyes. |

|appearances are |something that is deceptive |insanı geyiminə görə qarşılayıb, |

|deceptive |seems to be one thing but is in|danışığına görə yola salarlar; xarici |

| |fact very different |görkəm aldadıcı olur |

|It’s usually best not to judge by appearances. They say, appearances are deceptive. |

|in the flower of life |to be at the time in your life when |bir kəsin həyatının |

|(one’s age); in the |you are the strongest and most active|çiçəkləndiyi dövr; kamillik |

|prime of life | |dövrü |

|He was about 40 years old, and in the prime of life. |

|a chip off the |a person very like his or her |həm xasiyyət, həm də görünüşcə |

|old block |mother or father in character/ |valideynlərinə oxşamaq; (atasını, anasını) |

| |appearance |itələyib yerində durub |

|“That daughter of hers”, observed the Colonel, “is a chip off the old block”. |

|bear/carry off your age|to look younger that one |yaşına görə cavan görünmək/yaxşı |

|well |actually is |qalmaq |

|- I wonder if you know how old she is. |

|- I think she is in her thirties, but she carries off her age well. |

|the apple of one’s |to be loved very much by |bir kəsin sevimlisi/gözünün işığı/göz |

|eye |someone |bəbəyi olmaq |

|My brother is always the apple of my parents. |

|be a black |someone who is regarded by other |ailənin üz qarası; ailəyə biabırçılıq |

|sheep |members of their family or group as a|gətirən adam, yaramaz, bədzad, rəzil adam; |

| |failure or embarrassment |bir dana bütöv naxırı korlayır (atalar |

| | |sözü) |

|I think she’s the black sheep of the family, she always behaves badly. |

|be a character |to be an interesting and |çox maraqlı və qeyri-adi insan olmaq; |

| |unusual person |şəxsiyyət olmaq |

|He is quite a character. He has so many tales to tell. |

SECTION TWENTY FOUR

GRAMMATICAL IDIOMS

Qrammatik idiomlar

♣ “ALL” IDIOMS

|if it’s all the same |to not be important to sb |əgər inciməsən; əgər sənin üçün fərqi |

|to you | |yoxdursa; əgər etiraz etmirsənsə |

|- Let’s go by car, shall we? |

|- Thanks for offering, but if it’s all the same to you, I’ll walk. I need some fresh air. |

|all of a |suddenly; unexpectedly, without warning;|qəfildən; gözlənilmədən; bir göz |

|sudden |abruptly |qırpımında |

|I was watching TV, having coffee and all of a sudden everything went black; the TV, |

|the lights. There was a power cut. |

|be all go |to be very busy or full of activity |çox məşğul olmaq; fəaliyyətdə |

| | |olmaq |

|Sorry I haven’t been able to ring you earlier, but my phone stopped ringing since I got in the|

|morning. It has been all go! |

|all over |completely finished; in every part; |tamamilə qurtarmış; hər |

| |everywhere; in every way |tərəfdə/yerdə; hər halda, necə olsa |

| | |da |

|◘ If you don’t hurry, the cinema will be all over by the time we get there. |

|◘ I have a fever and aches all over. |

|by all accounts |people say; apparently |deyilənə görə/deyirlər ki,/söz-söhbət|

| | |gəzir ki, |

|Have you been to the new art gallery? |

|No, I haven’t but, by all accounts, it’s excellent. |

|be all for |in favour of |bir şeyin tərəfdarı olmaq; bir kəsi |

| | |dəstəkləmək/tərəfində olmaq |

|- People aren’t allowed to smoke here. But it’s true. People should be allowed to smoke |

|wherever they want. This is a free country, after all. |

|- Well, I’m all for of freedom, but you do have to respect other people’s health don’t you? |

|when all is said and done |the general conclusion |iş-işdən keçəndən sonra; başqa əlac |

| | |olmayandan sonra/ əlac nədir?! |

|◘ I can’t say I like my job. There are things I don’t like about it, but it pays the bills. |

|When all’s said and done, it’s better than having no job at all! |

|◘ … when all is said and done he was only the public [31, p.71]. |

|all being well |if nothing goes wrong |hər şey qaydasında olsa; bir əngəl |

| | |çıxmasa |

|I’ll visit you tomorrow, all being well. It partly depends on the weather. |

|all in | in summary; altogether; the person |bütünlükdə, ümumilikdə, ümumiyyətlə |

|all |or thing that you love most |götürdükdə; sevimli insan; misilsiz bir şey |

|◘ - I hope the weather didn’t ruin your holiday. |

|Well, it was very disappointing, but everything else was great. All in all we had a really |

|good time. |

|◘ I was all in all to him. |

|◘ Football was his all in all. (Futbol onun üçün hər şey demək idi). |

|all the (used to emphasize |than otherwise; |üstəlik; hətta; daha da; (yoxsa, |

|comparative adjectives, adverbs, and |even |əks təqdirdə; başqa cür, digər |

|nouns) | |halda) |

|Opening the letter made the situation all the worse. |

|all the go |the latest fashion |son dəb, dəbdə olan |

|These trousers are all the go this winter. |

♣ BINOMIALS (“AND” IDIOMS)

|Binomials are expressions (often idiomatic) where two words are joined by a conjunction |

|(usually “and”). The order of the words is usually fixed. |

|be sick and |feeling strong dislike for something repeated or |cana doymaq; bezmək, |

|tired |continued too long; exasperated; annoyed |xəstəhal və yorğun olmaq |

|- Stop telling me how to behave! |

|- I’m sick and tired of being treated like a child. |

|time and again |many times; repeatedly; very often |dəfələrlə; dönə-dönə |

|My sister keeps using my computer without asking me. It’s driving me mad. I’ve asked her time |

|and again not to do it but she still does. |

|get peace and quiet |the state of being calm or |rahatlıq tapmaq; dincəlmək; asudə nəfəs |

| |quiet |almaq |

|The main reason I go to the countryside is to spare some time on my own. In fact, it’s the |

|only time I get any peace and quiet. |

|be out and |be able to go outside again after an |xəstəlikdən sonra yenidən ayaq üstə |

|about |illness; traveling around a place |olmaq; gəzmək/dolaşmaq |

|◘ Don’t phone me at work tomorrow. I’m going to be out and about all day. Call me at home in |

|the evening. ◘ She is better now, out and about again. |

|have ups and |the mixture of good and bad things in life|ara sıra küsüb barışmaq; həyatın |

|downs |or in a particular situation or |eniş-yoxuşu ilə üzləşmək |

| |relationship | |

|Don’t worry about yesterday’s. There’s no such thing as the perfect marriage. Every couple |

|have their ups and downs. It’s the same for everyone. |

|born and bred |born and having grown up in a particular place with a|anadangəlmə; anadan |

| |particular background and education |olandan |

|I’m not English. I’m American born and bred. |

|bright and |prompt and alert; on time and ready; |təyin olunmuş vaxtda və yüksək |

|early |cheerful and on time or before time |əhval-ruhiyyədə |

|- Be ready at six. |

|- OK. See you in the morning bright and early, then. |

|go round and round |to work hard at sth or discuss|heç bir irəliləyişə nail olmadan eyni |

|in circles |sth without making any progress|işi görmək; məc. yerində fırlanmaq/ |

| | |saymaq |

|This meeting is getting us nowhere. We just keep going round and round in circles. |

|wear and tear |deterioration through |işlənib köhnəlmə, xarab olma; yeyilmə, aşınma; |

| |use |yıxılıb-durma; kökdən düşmə |

|◘ After 75,000 miles there is usually a lot wear and tear on any car. |

|◘ I need an operation on my knee. It’s because of the wear and tear of playing football over |

|the past 25 years. |

|forget and |used to tell sb that sth is not important |qulaq ardına vurmaq; göz yummaq, |

|forget |and that they shouldn’t worry about it |əhəmiyyət verməmək |

|If I have an argument or fight with someone, I always try to forget and forget. It’s the only |

|way to keep your friends. |

|short and sweet |brief and to the |qısa və yığcam; mətləbdən uzaqlaşmadan; az danış, yaxşı|

| |point |danış;ucundan tutub ucuzluğa getmədən |

|If you’re going to make a report, my advice to you is: “Keep it short and sweet.” (Qısa və |

|konkret ol!). |

|cut and dried |decided or expected beforehand; following |əvvəldən hazırlanmış, şablon, |

| |the same old line; doing the usual thing|trafaret (nəticə, fikir, mülahizə və|

| | |s. haq.) |

|The solution to this problem isn’t going to be easy. I wish there was a cut and dried answer, |

|but there isn’t! |

|few and far |not many; few and scattered; |ərşə çəkilmə, qeyb olma, yoxa çıxma, azalma;|

|between |not often met or found; rare |nadir/ az rast gəlinən/tapılan |

|Last year we picked a lot of apples, but this year they’re very few and far between. |

|tried and tested|to use, do or test sth in order to see if it |sınaqdan çıxarılmış; |

| |is good, suitable, etc. |yoxlanılmış |

|When I get a cold I go to bed with whisky and honey. The next day I’m fine. It’s a tried and |

|tested remedy. |

|search high and low |everywhere |hər tərəfi axtarmaq; hər yeri |

| | |ələk-vələk etmək |

|I can’t find my password. I’ve searched high and low for them, but I can’t find them anywhere.|

|be home and dry |to have done sth successfully, |azad/rahat nəfəs almaq; rahatlaşmaq; |

| |especially when it was difficult |üstündən yük götürülmək |

|When I finish my final essay, hand it in, then I’ll be home and dry. |

|day and age |now, in the modern world |ilin-günün bu vaxtı; hal-hazırki vaxtda|

|In our country it’s not usual in this day and age for couples to live together without getting|

|married. |

| |

|Note: The order in these expressions is fixed. You can’t say I’m tired and sick of waiting or |

|I need a bit of quiet and peace. |

♣ IDIOMS WITH DEGREES OF ADJECTIVES (GOOD/BETTER/BEST; BAD/WORSE/WORST)

|do sb/sth the world of |to make sb feel much better; to |bir kəsə/şeyə çox xeyri |

|good |improve sth |dəymək/xeyir vermək |

|I’ve just come back from a holiday. I’ve been top France, Madrid, etc. You should try it some|

|day. It did me the world of good. |

|be in sb’s |(informal) used to say that |bir kəs haqqında yaxşı/pis fikirdə olmaq; bir |

|good/bad books |sb is pleased/annoyed with |kəsin qara siyahısına/qırmızı kitabına düşmək |

| |you | |

|Shalalah has been doing very silly things recently. She is not in my good books. |

|throw good money |to spend more money on sth, when |pulu boş yerə xərcləmək; məc. pulu |

|after bad |you have wasted a lot on it |çölə atmaq/havaya sovurmaq |

| |already | |

|We needn’t to spend so much money on this project. It won’t work. We’re just throwing good |

|money after bad. |

|for your own good |having a useful or helpful effect on |kiminsə xeyrinə/yaxşılığına |

| |sb/ sth | |

|I think you need to go on a diet. Believe me, it’s for your own good. |

|Good for you! (sb, them, |(informal) used to praise sb for doing|Afərin! Halaldır! |

|etc.) |sth well |Bərəkallah! |

|You’re trying to learn English at last! Good for you! |

|What’s the good of doing …? |…bunu etməyin nə mənası? |

|- I’ve complained so many times about the noise from the next door. But they never pay any |

|attention to my words. I’m absolutely fed up with them. |

|- What’s the good of complaining any more? They just ignore us. |

|it’s a good|(informal) used to say that you are pleased about a |yaxşı oldu; yerinə |

|job |situation or that sb is lucky that sth happened |düşdü; nə yaxşı ki |

|It’s a good job I didn’t catch the two o’clock plane. That’s the one that crashed! |

|at the best of |even when the circumstances are very good |dünyanın düz vaxtı |

|times | | |

|- It’s the most boring lesson I’ve ever had. He’s so dull. |

|- Yes, he’s not very interesting at the best of times, but that day he was worse than usual. |

|it’s probably for the |used to say that although sth appears bad or |hər şey yaxşılığa |

|best |unpleasant now, it will be good in the end |doğrudur |

|- Sorry, Jane. I have to cancel our meeting next Sunday. |

|- Don’t worry. It’s probably for the best. I’m very busy myself. |

|the best of your knowledge |as far as your know |bir kəsin bildiyinə görə/ məlumatına |

| | |əsasən |

|- What about Farid? Is he doing the same things? |

|- To the best of my knowledge, he’s still working at the same office. |

|make the best of a bad |to accept a bad or difficult |vəziyyətlə razılaşmaq/barişmaq; |

|job |situation and do as well as you |taleyə boyun əymək |

| |can | |

|◘ It was difficult for me to leave my job, but soon I made the best of a bad job and began to|

|enjoy it. |

|◘ -The food in this restaurant is awful. If I’d known it was going to be this bad, I’d never |

|have come. |

|- Well, there’s nothing we can do about it. Let’s just make the best of a bad job. |

|see better |(usually of things) (always perfect tense |yaxşı günlər görmək; vaxtilə daha |

|days |form) to enjoy a better or happier life; to |yaxşı vəziyyətdə olmaq; |

| |become old, damaged or useless |köhnəlmiş/yararsız olmaq |

|◘ - I hear you’ve got an old Volkswagen Bettle, What’s it like? |

|- Well, it’s seen better days but it still runs very well. |

|◘ They had all seen better days, … [21, p.449]. |

|know better|(than that/than to do sth) to be |bilməliydin; bir şeyi etməmişdən əvvəl |

| |sensible enough not to do sth |nəticəsini anlamaq, başa düşmək, dərk etmək |

|- Frank still hasn’t given me back the $50 I lent him. |

|- You should know better than to lend him money. That’s typical of him. |

|second best |not as good as the thing you really |ürəyincə olmamaq; babat olmaq |

| |want | |

|If you know what kind of job you want, you really shouldn’t settle for second best. |

|give/get the best of|have the advantages of two |bir neçə şeydən zövq almaq; bir kəsə |

|both worlds |different things at the same |dünyaları bəxş etmək (hər şeyin ən |

| |time |yaxşısını dadmaq) |

|Living in France and working in Switzerland gives them the best of both worlds – Swiss |

|salaries and a French lifestyle. |

|for the best |unpleasant now but will turn out well in the |yaxşılığa doğru |

| |future | |

|It may well be that the break-up of their relationship is for the best. |

|be on your best behaviour |make an effort to behave as |özünü bacardığı qədər yaxşı aparmağa |

| |well as possible |çalışmaq |

|My brother hates formal parties, but he has promised to be on his best behaviour at the |

|reception tonight. |

|give something up as a bad|stop sth because |mənasız hesab etdiyi işi yarımçıq saxlamaq; |

|job |it’s not worth |davam etdirməyə lüzum görməmək; bir işdən vaz|

| |continuing |keçmək |

|I was learning driving, but I have given it up as a bad job. |

|if the worst comes to |if the situation becomes |əgər vəziyyət daha da |

|the worst |very difficult or serious |pisləşsə/ciddiləşsə; aləm |

| | |qarışsa/bir-birinə dəysə |

|◘ If the worst comes to the worst, we’ll sell the house and move back to our parents. |

|◘ He had said that he would stand by her, and if the worse came to the worse, well … [33, |

|p.21]. |

♣ IDIOMS WITH “IT”

|it’s in the |(informal) if sth is in the bag, it |məc. çantada hazır olmaq (bir işin |

|bag |is almost certain to be won or |düzələcəyinə əmin olaraq söyləmək) |

| |gotten | |

|- Have you got the contract? |

|- Well, it hasn’t actually been signed, but I think we can safely say it’s in the bag. |

|it’s up in the |not yet settled; |həll olunmamış, qərara alınmamış; bir şeyin sual |

|air |uncertain; undecided |altında olması; məc. havadan asılı qalmaq |

|- Are Jim and Ann getting married or not? I hear they’re having second thoughts. |

|- That’s right. They had a big argument about something, so it’s all up in the air at the |

|moment. |

|It’s anyone’s |(informal) something that nobody |Bu heç kimin fərz/təxmin etmədiyi |

|guess |can be certain abou |məsələdir; Bunu heç kim dəqiq bilmir |

|- We’ve been waiting for five hours and we still don’t know when the plane is going to |

|leave. Do you think it’ll be tonight? |

|- I’m sorry, sir. It’s anyone’s guess. We’re as much in the dark as you. As soon as we hear |

|anything, we’ll make an announcement. |

|it’s touch and go |very dangerous and uncertain in |çox təhlükəli/qeyri-müəyyən |

| |situation |vəziyyət |

|- How is your father? Is he still in hospital? |

|- Yes, I’m afraid! It’s touch and go at the moment. We’ll know within 24 hours whether he’s |

|going to pull through or not. |

♣ NUMBER IDIOMS

|be at sixes and sevens|(informal) in confusion; not well |çaş-baş qalmaq; başını |

| |organized |itirmək |

|◘ My husband is waiting for me in the taxi. We’re going to the cinema. But I’m not ready yet. |

|I’ve lost my keys and can’t find my hand bag. I’m all at sixes and sevens. ◘ Everything was at|

|sixes and sevens [22, p.426]. |

|Third time lucky! |used when you’ve failed to do sth twice and hope that |Atalar üçdən |

| |you will succeed the third time |deyib! |

|-I again failed my entrance exam. I’m so unhappy. |

|- I’m sure you can do it next year. You know what they say: Third time lucky! |

|two/ten a penny |very common and therefore not |qara qəpiyə dəyməyən, dəyərsiz/adi |

| |valuable | |

|I’m glad that you split up with your boyfriend. I never liked him. Men like him, are ten a |

|penny. |

|hit/knock somebody |to affect sb very |bir kəsə sarsıdıcı zərbə vurmaq, pis təsir göstərmək;|

|for six |deeply |bir kəsi şoka salmaq; yeddi qatından keçmək |

|When I heard that they gave me the sack, it completely knocked me for six. |

|be on cloud nine |too happy to think of anything |göyün yeddinci qatında olmaq; çox |

| |else, very happy |sevinmək |

|His last books are best-seller, so he’s on cloud nine at the moment. |

|at the eleventh hour |at the last possible time; just in time |son dəqiqədə; ən son |

| | |anda |

|- I think James is late. Let’s phone him. |

|- Oh, don’t worry. He’ll be here soon. He always arrives at the eleventh hour. |

|be in seventh |extremely happy |son dərəcə xoşbəxt olmaq, göyün yeddinci qatında olmaq; |

|heaven | |sevincdən uçmaq, çox sevinmək |

|She’s been invited over to Hollywood, so you can imagine she’s in seventh heaven! |

|be back to |to start at the beginning again in an attempt|hər şeyi yenidən başlamaq, |

|square one |to correct whatever mistakes were made |nəzərdən keçirmək |

| |initially | |

|I’ve just phoned some shops and nobody sells that wall-paper any more, so we’ll have to find |

|another wall-paper. We’re back to square one. |

|be in two minds about |to be unable to decide what |iki fikir arasında qalmaq; qərara gələ |

|something |you think about sb/sth, or |bilməmək; tərəddüd etmək; məc. bığla |

| |whether to do sth or not |saqqal arasında qalmaq |

|- So, what have you decided? Will you buy that car or not? |

|- I’m not sure it. I’m in two minds about it. |

|six of one and half a |two things the same; |ikisi də eynidir; fərq yoxdur; həm bu həm o; |

|dozen of the other |not a real choice; no |hər ikisi; keçəl Həsən ya Həsən keçəl, fərqi |

| |difference |nədir?/ikisi də bir bezin qırağıdır |

|◘ - Who is to blame – John or Ken? |

|- It’s six of one and half a dozen of the other. |

|◘ - Do you want to eat now or swim later or swim now and eat later? |

|- Oh, I don’t care. It is six of one and a half a dozen of the other. |

|two is company, three is a |an informal way to express a |üçüncü adam artıqdır, |

|crowd |situation when two people desire privacy|çoxluq “zibillikdir” |

| |and a third one is present | |

|- Why don’t you come with me and Mary? |

|- No, no, two is company, three is a crowd. |

|it takes two|co-operation is always necessary in order to |həm yaxşı, həm pis işdə iki |

|to tango! |accomplish something, whether good or bad |nəfərin eyni dərəcədə iştirakı|

|- My sister blames her husband, and he blames her. I don’t know who is guilty? |

|- Well, these things are never one person’s fault. It takes two to tango. Bu işdə onların hər |

|ikisinin günahı (əli) var! |

|work against the|work fast because you only|az vaxtda çox iş görməyə çalışmaq; vaxta/saata |

|clock |have limited time |qarşı işləmək; vaxtı qabaqlamağa çalışmaq |

|I’m working against the clock to get the report finished before the meeting. |

|call it a day|decide to finish (usually |işi qurtarmağa qərar vermək, işi başqa günə saxlamaq,|

| |finish working) |təxirə salmaq; münasibətlərə son qoymaq |

|◘ I’m really tired. Let’s call it a day now and come back to it next week. |

|◘ “We’ve had some very jolly times together, but don’t you think the moment has come to call |

|it a day?” [31, p.146]. |

|not have a minute to |to be very|çox məşğul olmaq; işi başından aşmaq; adını belə yadına |

|call your own |busy |sala bilməmək; başını qaşımağa vaxtı olmamaq |

|My sister has not had a minute to call her own ever since her twins were born. |

|nine times out of ten |almost always |demək olar ki, həmişə |

|- Let’s try and speak to Mr. Anar, shall we? |

|-Well, we can try, but nine times out of ten he’s too busy to meet anyone. |

|from time to time |sometimes, but not regularly |hərdənbir, bəzən |

|My father plays golf from time to time. |

|feel like a million dollars|to feel wonderful |özünü əla hiss etmək; məc. özünü yenidən |

| | |dünyaya gəlmiş kimi hiss etmək |

|◘ My mother had a headache yesterday but she feels like a million dollars today. |

|◘ I feel like a million dollars [31, p.202]. |

♣ IDIOMS WITH “MILLION” OR “THOUSAND (S)”

|Thank you for the flowers. You’re one in a |Güllər üçün təşəkkür edirəm. Səndən yoxdur! |

|million! |Səndən bir dənədir! |

|I wouldn’t have thought he would have behaved|Mən onun belə pis hərəkət edəcəyinə inanmazdım. |

|so badly. Not him! Not in a million years! |O, bunu edə bilməz! Heç vaxt! Dünyasında |

| |inanmaram! |

| Now, who is going to replace him? That’s the|İndi kim onun yerində olmaq istəyir? Bu |

|64–thousand dollar question! |ölüm-dirim məsələsidir! |

♣ “NO” IDIOMS

|no idea |(informal) used to emphasize that you don’t |heç bir fikri/məlumatı olmamaq|

| |know sth | |

|◘ - Do you know where the meeting takes place? |

|- Sorry, I’ve got no idea. (Çox təəssüf, amma mənim xəbərim yoxdur). |

|◘ She had no idea when to keep her own councle and defer to others [14, p.64]. |

|no way |not at all; never; under no |heç vəchlə; mümkün deyil; ola bilməz; |

| |circumstances |çətin ki |

| ◘ - I’m going to wear these jeans today’s meeting. What do you think? |

|- Well, if you wear jeans, there’s no way they’ll let you in. They’ve got a strict no jeans |

|policy. |

|◘ - Can I borrow your coat? |

|- No way! |

|no doubt |without doubt; doubtless; surely; |şübhəsiz; ehtimal ki |

| |certainly | |

|Something had happened, of that there was no doubt, but there seemed to be no way to get an |

|explatation [40, p.15]. |

|no joke |without teasing; to be difficult or |zarafat deyil, asan deyil; çətin və xoş|

| |unpleasant |olmayan iş |

|- If we miss the last bus we can walk home. No problem. |

|- It isn’t problem for you. But walking that distance for me is no joke. |

|no word |a thing that you say; a remark or |heç bir xəbər yoxdur; xəbər-ətər |

| |statement |yoxdur |

|- What do you think how the just-married are going on together? |

|- Heaven knows! There’s been no word from them since they left. |

|no sign |an event, an action, a fact, etc that shows that sth |heç bir əlamət/ işarə/nişan|

| |exists is not happening or may not happen in the future|yoxdur; işıq ucu yoxdur |

|◘ - He’s getting worse and worse, isn’t he? |

|- Yes, and here’s no sign of him getting better. |

|◘ But the lion still hasn’t heard, or if it has, it shows no sign [16, p.64]. |

|no reason |a cause or an explanation for sth that has happened or |heç bir səbəb yoxdur |

| |that sb has done | |

|◘ - Be careful what you’re saying! |

|- Listen to me. I know you’re in a bad mood, there’s no reason to take it out on me! |

|◘ You guessed about mine, no reason why I can’t do the same [16, p.51]. |

|no chance |a possibility of sth happening, especially sth |heç bir ümid yoxdur |

| |that you want | |

|- It’s already twenty past four. |

|- Well, there’s no chance of us getting there in time. |

|no point |the purpose or aim of sth |ehtiyac yoxdur; məsləhət deyil |

|◘ - Shall we send Anar a card? |

|- There’s no point. He never says thank you and he never sends us one! |

|◘ There was no point in evasion any longer [14, p.71]. |

|No such luck! |Məndə o bəxt hanı! |

|- Can you stay at home on Monday? Don’t go to work. |

|- No such luck! I must be there in time. |

|No hard feelings!|a lack of resentment or anger; a |Narahat olmağa dəyməz! Fikir vermə! Unut|

| |state of peace and forgiveness |getsin! (bağışlamaq əlaməti olaraq) |

|- Look, I’m really sorry about what I said yesterday. |

|- No hard feelings! |

|no end of (problems)|so many, or so much of, as to seem |(problemin) ucu-bucağı yoxdur; |

| |almost endless; very many or very much |(problem) qurtarmır; çox |

|I have had no end of problems with my new car. |

|No thanks to you! |despite sb/sth; with no help from sb/ sth |Başına dəysin! |

|- Look, we found the way in the end, let’s get away from here. |

|- No thanks to you! |

|a no-go area|an area, especially in a city, which is dangerous for people |təhlükəli yer, |

| |to enter, or that the policy or army do not enter, often |giriş qadağan |

| |because it is controlled by a violent group |olunan yer |

|When I was in Naples years ago, they told me not to go near a certain area. They said it |

|was a no-go area. |

|It’s a real no-no!|used to say that it is impossible to |Heç cür mümkün deyil! Həqiqətən |

| |do sth |olmaz! |

|Whatever you do, don’t take Julia’s things. It’s a real no-no. She gets very angry about it. |

♣ “OR” IDIOMS

|believe it or |often heard when one announces that something |inanırsan inan, inanmırsan |

|not |unusual will be communicated |inanma |

|◘ Believe it or not, I used to be a professional singer. |

|◘ “Believe it or not, I’m back in school again [19, p.30]. |

|take it or leave |to accept something without change or |istəyirsən götür, istəmirsən |

|it |refuse it; decide yes or no |götürmə; özün bilərsən |

|I’ll give you $50 for the blouse. That’s my final offer. Take it or leave it. |

|like it or |used to say that it makes no difference to you|istəsən də, istəməsən|

|not |if sb likes sth or not |də |

|◘ There’s no point complaining about tax. You have to pay it whether you like it or not. |

|◘ “It means that, like it or not, you’re going to have to leave, Audrey” [21, p.195]. |

|laugh or cry |(informal) to be unable to decide how to react to a |bilmirdim gülüm, yoxsa |

| |bad or unfortunate situation |ağlayım |

|I’ve just been to the travel agent. Can you believe it costs $700 to fly to South Africa? I |

|didn’t know whether to laugh or cry when they told me. |

|Hilary wasn’t sure whether to laugh or cry [18, p.134]. |

|sink or swim|to succeed or fail by your own efforts; |təkbaşına mübarizə aparmaq; bir |

| |without help or interference from anyone else;|şeyə təkbaşına nail olmağa |

| |fail if you don’t work hard to succeed |çalışmaq; ölüm -dirim məsələsi |

|◘ When I started this new job, nobody told me how to do anything. I just had to learn |

|quickly. It was a real sink or swim situation. |

|◘ When his parents died he was thirteen, and he was left by himself to sink or swim. |

|sooner or later|at some unknown time in the |gec-tez, əvvəl-axır; gec ya da tez; nə vaxtsa, |

| |future; sometime |nəhayətdə; bir vaxt/zaman |

|You can’t keep being rude to people, Tom. Sooner or later, somebody’s going to get really |

|angry and hit you. |

|rightly or wrongly |what is morally good or |düzdürmü ya səhvdirmi; düz ya |

| |correct |səhv |

|I believe, rightly or wrongly, that private schools should be abolished. |

|neither here nor there|not important to the thing being discussed; off |məsələ bunda deyil |

| |the subject; not mattering | |

|- You can’t complain about me being late. Lots of people were late today. |

|- That’s neither here nor there. You are always the last to arrive. |

|now or never |this is the right time to do something at other times |ya indi ya da heç |

| |the opportunity to carry out such an activity will not |vaxt; qaçırılası |

| |be there |fürsət deyil |

|- I’m thinking of asking Sally to come out for a drink with me. |

|- Here she comes now, Steve, go on! It’s now or never. |

|for better or |used to say that sth cannot be changed, |yaxşı ya da pis, başqa yol |

|worse |whether the result is good or bad |yoxdur |

|◘ - Do you think Jack is up to the job? |

|- I hope so. For better or worse he’s the man we’ve appointed |

|◘ …and if not, she had lived with him for fourteen years … for better or worse … [18, p.416].|

|either or |used to show a choice of two things |ya, ya da |

|We are going to have to make a choice – increase wages or give them more holiday. This isn’t |

|an either or situation. I’m afraid it’s “both and”. |

♣ SOMETHING, ANYTHING, NOTHING IDIOMS

|something of |to some degree |bir növ |

|When I was younger, I used to be something of an athlete. In fact, I won quite a few trophies.|

|Do you want to see some photos? |

|nothing but |only; no more/less than |… -dan/-dən; başqa heç nə |

|◘ My computer has been nothing but trouble since the day I bought it! Something goes wrong |

|with it every day. |

|◘ The fact was, Kitty supposed, that she cared for nothing but her children … [33, p.18]. |

|nothing to |presenting no serious challenge;|asanlıqla həyata keçirilən/ çətin olmayan|

| |easily accomplished |iş; heç nə |

|Anyone can use this method. It’s easy. There is nothing to it! |

|something against somebody |opposing or disagreeing with sb/sth |bir kəsə qarşı nə isə |

|Have you got something against me, or have you got an attitude problem? |

|not for nothing |for a very good reason |səbəbsiz deyil, səbəbi |

| | |var |

|Mike? Oh yes, he’s a real pain in the neck. It’s not for nothing that nobody wants to share an|

|office with him. |

|there is/was nothing in |something is/was not true |düz deyil; boş şeydir/ söhbətdir |

|sth | | |

|There was a rumour she was leaving for London, but I think there was nothing in it. |

|look for sth for |(informal) behave in a way that you |heç nədən iş çıxarmaq; qaşınmayan |

|nothing |seek unpleasantness in vain |yerdən qan çıxarmaq |

|There’s always someone looking for something for nothing! |

|make something of |to make (sth/sb) seem |daha irəli getmək, daha yaxşısına nail olmaq, |

|(yourself) |important |vəziyyəti şişirtmək/böyütmək |

|◘ I wonder why Mike is working in a supermarket. He could really make something of himself if |

|he wanted to. |

|◘ When the girls see another girl with a boy, they often try to make something of it. |

|anything goes |you can do as you please; |hər şey mümkündür; necə istəyirsən, o cür |

| |anything is permissible |hərəkət edə bilərsən |

|When I was young, women wore earrings, made-up and had long hair, and men didn’t. Nowadays, it|

|seems anything goes! |

|something else |so good as to be beyond description; |qeyri-adi; tərifə sığmayan; təsvir|

| |the ultimate; stupendous |etmək mümkün olmayan |

|Did you see that seven-year-old dancing on TV last night? He’s something else, isn’t it? |

|come to nothing|to end in failure; fail; be |boşa çıxmaq; nəticəsiz qurtarmaq; məhv |

| |in vain |olmaq/dağılmaq |

|After spending over a million researching the new engine, the whole thing came to nothing! It |

|was scrapped. |

|it is nothing of the sort |to be wrong; it is |elə şey yoxdur; qətiyyən belə deyil; heç də |

| |not true |belə deyil |

|Don’t believe people when they tell you the weather’s awful in England. It’s nothing of the |

|sort. It’s just different! Different every day. |

|it has nothing to do with |to not be involved with; not care|mənimlə heç bir əlaqəsi yoxdur |

|me |about | |

|- Who broke the vase on the table? |

|- Was it you, Pat? |

|- No, it has nothing to do with me! Ask Robert. |

|there is nothing to choose |both are the same |aralarında heç bir fərq yoxdur; ikisi |

|between | |də eynidir |

|- So, which one do you advise me to take? The Sony or the Phillips? |

|- To be honest, there’s nothing to choose between them. They’re both excellent systems. |

♣ TO + INFINITIVE

|to cap it |used to introduce the final piece of information that |hələ bu harasıdır; bu |

|all |is worse than the other bad things that you’ve just |azmış kimi; ən əsası/ |

| |mentioned |başlıcası |

|I found my brother sitting in my office with his feet on my desk, using my phone, and, to cap |

|it all, he’d finished the crossword in my newspaper. |

|to make matters worse |the situation became very difficult|işin tərsliyindən; ən pisi |

|◘ I left home late, the traffic was terrible and then, to make matters worse I had a puncture |

|on the motorway. That’s why I’m so late. |

|◘ … and to make matters worse, in June they had a massive heat wave [21, p.488].. |

|to say the least |to put it an understated way; without |uzun sözün qısası; kəsəsi |

| |exaggerating at all | |

|◘ I was involved in an accident last week. My car was a write off. I only had a small cut on |

|my face and a sprained ankle. I was lucky, to say the least. ◘ But he also found his manner |

|difficult – abrasive, to say the least [14, p.175]. |

|to put it in a |in a few words; briefly, without telling all |bir sözlə; qısası |

|nutshell |about it | |

|Increased sales, profits up, and a full order book; to put it in a nutshell, our best year |

|ever! |

|to add insult to |to make bad trouble |bu azmış kimi, ən pisi; daha pisi, gözüm |

|injury |worse |baxa-baxa; ağını çıxarmaq |

|They told me I was too old for the job, and then, to add insult to injury, they offered it to |

|somebody who was less than a year younger than me! |

|to be fair |to be honest |açığı; düzü; vicdanla desək |

|- I don’t like Jerry at all, he’s loud and he’s often rude to other members of staff. |

|- I know what you mean, but, to be fair, he’s one of the best workers here. |

|to be honest |what I really think is |vicdanla/səmimi desək |

|◘ I’m not sure how many more rounds of this I can take, to be honest with you [20, p.41]. |

|◘ Do you like Japanese food? I don’t want to offend you, but to be perfectly honest, I don’t |

|really. |

|not to mention |without ever needing to speak of; in |üstəlik; bundan başqa; hələ ... |

| |addition to; besides |demirəm |

|◘ You know that Rachel’s rich; her clothes, her jewellery, not to mention, the brand new |

|Mercedes. |

|◘ It can only be an embarrasment to them, not to mention painful [18, p.285]. |

|nothing to write home about or |nothing interesting or |heç nəyi ilə fərqlənməyən; |

|nothing to boast about or nothing|significant; nothing to brag |danışılası/qeyri adi bir şey |

|to wire home about |about |yoxdur; elə bir şey deyil |

|◘ What do you think of your first big London musical? To be honest with you, it is nothing to |

|write home about. I’ve seen better on Broadway. |

|◘ “ From what I’ve seen, there’s nothing much to write home about” [23, p.106]. |

|to sum up |to put something into a few words; shorten into a brief |xülasə; bir |

| |summary; summarize |sözlə |

|Now, I’ve given you all the arguments for and against going into this new market. To sum up, |

|and I can’t be more honest, I think you would be crazy to go ahead. |

|to put it |used to show that what you are talking about is much more |açığı; bir az |

|mildly |extreme, etc. than your words suggest |yumşaq desək |

|- I’m going to Cannes this summer. You’ve been there, haven’t you? |

|- Yes, it’s expensive, to put it mildly, it’s a lovely place. |

♣ THE FOLLOWING INFINITIVES ARE ALWAYS PASSIVE:

|remains to be |said when someone remains skeptical about a |gözləməkdən başqa çarə yoxdur|

|seen |statement or promise made | |

|◘ He said he’ll meet us outside the school no later than seven but whether or not he will, |

|remains to be seen. He’s never on time. |

|◘ That remainded to be seen [21, p.116]. |

|not to be |good enough to be accepted or |“hm” demək olmaz; şansı əldən vermək |

|sniffed at |considered seriously |olmaz |

|I’ll get an extra $75 if I work at weekends and that’s not to be sniffed at. |

|leaves a lot |to be highly flawed, bad, |qənaətbəxş/arzu edilən səviyyədə deyil; |

|to be desired |unsatisfactory |istədiyini (arzuladığını) əldə edə bilməmək |

|The food in this restaurant leaves a lot to be desired. I won’t be back. |

|there’s a lot to be said |there are good reasons for doing sth | … yaxşı/müsbət tərəfləri |

|for | |var |

|There’s a lot to be said for working for a year before going to university. (Universitetə |

|daxil olmamışdan əvvəl bir il işləməyin çox müsbət tərəfləri var). |

♣ SIMILES (AS … AS)

|In this unit we look at idioms with as … as. As … as idioms make an adjective stronger/more |

|intense. Remember, most of these similes are fixed. For example: as dead as a doornail; |

|the whole phrase means “totally dead”. Use all these expressions with care and keep them |

|generally as part of your receptive vocabulary. Try to memorize the keywords. They |

|may help you to remember the whole idiom more easily. They also tell you something about what |

|animals are associated with the British culture. |

|be as blind as a |anyone who is blind and has difficulty in |yarasa kimi kor olmaq; görə |

|bat |seeing; a person with very thick glasses |bilməmək; yaxşı görməmək |

|I am as blind as a bat during the night. |

|be as busy as a bee |to be very busy |arı kimi çalışqan olmaq; çox işləmək |

|Though his age my grandfather is as busy as a bee every day. |

|be as slippery as|to change one’s attitude; |külək kimi gah bu tərəfə, gah o tərəfə əsmək; |

|an eel |position; constantly to |balıq kimi sürüşkən olmaq; mövqeyini tez-tez |

| |escape control |dəyişmək; bir fikrə/məqsədə/qulluq etməmək |

|I won’t ask his attitude. He is as slippery as an eel. |

|be as sly (cunning)|to be very sly, |tülkü kimi hiyləgər olmaq; yerin altını da, üstünü |

|as a fox |cunning |də bilmək |

|If I were you, I wouldn’t trust her. She’s as sly/cunning as a fox. |

|be as strong as an ox |to be very strong |öküz kimi güclü olmaq; çox güclü |

|I think his brother is as strong as an ox. |

|be as plain as the nose on |very easy to see |gün kimi aydın olmaq; açıq-aşkar |

|your face | |görünmək |

|- I think there’s something strange goes between them. What do you think? |

|- You’re right. It’s as plain as the nose on your face. |

|be as ugly as sin |to be very ugly indeed |adama oxşamamaq; çox eybəcər |

| | |olmaq |

|Looks aren’t everything. It doesn’t matter if you marry someone who is as ugly as sin as long |

|as you love each other. |

|be as light as a |to be very light |quş/lələk kimi yüngül olmaq |

|feather | | |

|Don’t worry. My luggage is as light as a feather. |

|be as heavy as lead |to be very heavy |qurğuşun kimi ağır olmaq |

|Oh, I can’t carry this suitcase. It’s as heavy as lead. |

|be as quiet as a |to be very quiet, silent |siçan kimi səssiz/sakit olmaq |

|mouse | | |

|My little son is as quiet as a mouse. |

|be (as) hard as iron | not flabby or soft; strong and tough; |dəmir kimi möhkəm olmaq; daş|

|/rock |not gentle or mild; rough; stern |kimi bərk olmaq |

|◘ This chair is as hard as iron. I can’t sit on it. |

|◘ Her eyes were hard as rocks, and he could feel his heart sink as he watched her [19, p.346].|

|as bold as |without showing any respect,|həyasız, abırsız; utanmaz; üzü (mis kimi) |

|brass |shame or fear |qırmızı; qırmızı-qırmızı; həyasızcasına (zərf) |

|She told him, as bold as brass, that she didn’t like him. |

|as quick as a flash |very fast, very quickly |çox cəld; işıq kimi sürətli |

|She answered the question as quick as a flash. |

|be as red as a |bright red or pink especially |utandığından/acığından qızarmaq; |

|beetroot |because you are angry, embarrassed or|çuğundur (pazı) kimi qıpqırmızı |

| |ashamed |olmaq |

|When I told him about his affairs, his face went as red as a beetroot. |

|be as sick as a dog |vomiting |ürəyi/ödü ağzına gəlmək |

|The dinner was bad, and I felt as sick as a dog. |

|be/feel as sick as a parrot |bad feeling of |özünü ümidsiz/əlacsız/zəif hiss |

| |disillusionment, frustration|etmək |

|When I heard that she ran off with my money I felt as sick as a parrot. |

♣ IDIOMS WITH EXPRESSION “THERE IS NO …”

These are four common fixed expressions all starting with “There is no …”

|there is no going /turning |you won’t be able to change your |geriyə yol yoxdur |

|back |mind | |

|And once they began the trip, there would be no turning back [21, p.137]. |

|there is no place like home |your country/home is the best |gəzməyə qərib ölkə, ölməyə |

| |place to live |vətən yaxşı |

|there is no smoke without |if sth bad is being said about sb/sth, it|od olmasa, tüstü |

|fire |usually has some truth in it |çıxmaz |

|there is no rhyme |if there is no rhyme nor reason to/for sth, it |baş verən hadisənin |

|nor reason to/ |happens in a way that cannot be easily |səbəbini heç cür başa |

|for sth |explained or understood; no emotional or |düşmək, anlamaq olmur |

| |intellectual substance | |

♣ IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS WITH PREPOSITIONS

|be/feel on top of the |feeling pleased and happy; |çox sevinmək, həyacanlanmaq; göyün |

|world |feeling successful |yeddinci qatında olmaq |

|◘ My daughter’s getting married in a week. She is so excited. She’s on top of the world. |

|◘ I feel on the top of the world [31, p.202]. |

|top of the list |the highest or most important |əsas/ən vacib məsələ; |

| |rank or position |başlıcası |

|- Have you found anywhere else to live, Joe? |

|- Not yet. I’m not looking for too hard at the moment. Top of the list right now is finding a |

|new job. |

|from top to bottom|in one’s entirety without skipping |əvvəldən axıradək, tamamilə, |

| |any detail; wholly; entirely |bütünlüklə, büsbütün, başdan ayağa |

|I couldn’t find my glasses. Though I’ve searched the house from top to bottom. |

|be on top of each | standing or lying on; live |bir-birinin üstündə/dar |

|other |very close |yerdə/darısqallıqda yaşamaq |

|- This flat is too small for five of you, you need a bigger place to live, don’t you? |

|- Yes, we need more space. Most of the time we’re on top of each other. |

|over the hill |(informal) (of a person) old and therefore no |“havası” çalınmış/vaxtı |

| |longer useful or attractive; past one’s prime; |keçmiş/qocalıb əldən |

| |unable to function as one used to |düşmüş |

|◘ - Our centre forward is useless. He’s only scored three goals this season. |

|- Well, he must be about 35 now. If you ask me, he’s over the hill. |

|◘ I’m twenty-four years old, I’m not over the hill yet, … [19, p.316]. |

|without a shadow of a doubt |no doubt |şübhəsiz |

|It was John. I’m telling you I saw him. It was him - without a shadow of a doubt. |

|be in a bit of a |in a predicament; in a difficult|çətin/xoşagəlməyən/müşkül vəziyyətdə |

|jam |situation |olmaq; işə düşmək |

|I’m in a bit of a jam. I’ve to go to the airport in an hour’s time and Helen’s got my car. Can|

|I borrow yours? I’ll be back by 4.30, so you don’t need to worry. |

|be (into, out, of) in hot |to be in |özünü cəncələ salmaq; bəlaya/ pis vəziyyətə düşmək; |

|water |trouble |məc. oda düşmək |

|- I often use the office phone for personal calls. I don’t think it matters. |

|- Well, if Helen finds out what you’ve been doing, you’ll be in hot water. |

|out of my (his, |in a situation in which one feels |mən girən kol deyil; mənim |

|etc.) depth |unprepared or not ready to react |səviyyəmdə deyil |

| |intelligently | |

|◘ I had a great conversation with Kim and Kevin. The only problem was when the conversation |

|got round to opera. They know about it very much. I was completely out of my depth. ◘ He |

|never seemed out of his depth [14, p.72]. |

|bottom dollar |one’s last penny, one’s last |bir kəsin son qəpiyi/axırıncı pulu |

| |dollar | |

|I was down to my bottom dollar when I suddenly got the job offer. |

|top banana/ top|the head of any business or |hər hansı bir təşkilatın və ya |

|dog |organization; the most influential or |kompaniyanın başçısı; təşkilatın ən |

| |most prestigious person in an |nüfuzlu/etibarlı/hörmətli |

| |establishment |adamı/başbiləni |

|Who’s the top banana/dog of his company? |

|on (the) top of that |in addition to; along with |üstəlik; bu azmış kimi |

|Our company has faxed to say they’re going to be a month late with their payment. And on the |

|top of that, they’ve asked for more discount. |

|be (do sth) over the | (informal) done to an exaggerated degree |ağ olmaq; ağını çıxarmaq |

|top |and with too much effort | |

|◘ His speech was completely over the top. |

|◘ I think you’re going to do it a bit over the top at times. |

|rock-bottom |(informal) the lowest |ən aşağı (qiymət, yer, səviyyə); ən pis |

| |point or level that is |vəziyyət; tamamilə bədbinlik/ruhdan düşmə |

| |possible | |

|◘ The rock-bottom price of this T-shirt is $ 20. |

|◘ My friend needs help. His wife has left him and he’s drinking heavily. He’s hit rock-bottom.|

|thin on top |without much hair on the head |keçəl, daz |

|My husband is 35, but he looks, at least ten years older than that. It’s because he’s going |

|thin on top. |

|off and on/on and off |occasionally |hərdənbir, bəzən, vaxtaşırı; |

| | |ara-sıra |

|◘ - Do you go and see your parents very often? |

|- Well, off and on. |

|◘ For the next two days it rained on and off [30, p.64]. |

SECTION TWENTY FIVE

MIXED IDIOMS

Qarışıq idiomlar

|kick up a row |to misbehave and disturb someone;|dava/qalmaqal salmaq; aləmi bir-birinə|

| |to make a scandal |qatmaq; aranı qarışdırmaq |

|◘ He’s a small fry. He won’t kick up a row. |

|◘ “… let Walter kick up a row if he chose” [33, p.21]. |

|make a fuss (over |to worry about; to be helpful |hay-küy qaldırmaq, vurnuxmaq, |

|somebody or something) |toward a person or a pet; to |boş-boşuna əlləşmək, təşvişə |

| |argue about someone or something |düşmək, panika yaratmaq |

|Don’t make a fuss. There’s nothing to worry about. |

|get/touch |to hurt somebody’s feelings |bir kəsin dərdini təzələmək; yaranın üstünə |

|someone on the |by talking about something |duz səpmək; kimin üçünsə ağrılı olan |

|raw |which is painful to him/her |məsələdən danışmaq; bir kəsin hisslərinə |

| | |toxunmaq |

|When he talked his words got me on the raw. |

|laugh at somebody behind his |to laugh at sb without |bir kəsi ələ salmaq; bir kəsin |

|back |him/ her knowing |arxasınca gülmək, rişxənd etmək |

|It’s vulgar to laugh at a person behind his back. |

|love with all one’s heart and |to love someone dearly, |bütün qəlbi və ruhu ilə |

|soul |passionately |sevmək; ehtirasla sevmək |

|◘ When I was young I loved him with all my heart and soul. |

|◘ “He loves me with all his heart and soul” [33, p.66]. |

|take somebody under your |to protect, |bir kəsi öz qanadı altına almaq; |

|wing |help somebody |himayədarlıq etmək |

|◘ He took his niece under his wing. |

|◘ The people who worked there were friendly to her, and many of them, sensing how young she |

|was, took her under their wing … [19, p.163]. |

|drink in |to pay a lot of |bir kəsin sözlərini ciyərinə çəkmək; diqqətlə və |

|sb’s words |attention to or enjoy |zövqlə qulaq asmaq; ürəyinə yağ kimi yayılmaq |

| |something | |

|They drank in their president’s words. |

|read sb’s thought |to guess what someone is thinking|adamların ürəyini/fikrini oxumaq |

|Tell us the truth. We can’t read your thoughts. |

|set your hopes on |to rely on someone or |bir kəsə/şeyə ümid olmaq/ bel bağlamaq; |

|someone/ something |sth |bir kəsə arxalanmaq |

|She set her hopes on her son. |

|be frightened out |to be so afraid that |çox qorxmaq, qorxudan nitqi qurumaq; qorxudan |

|of your wits |one can no longer |adını yadından çıxarmaq; qorxudan ağlı çaşmaq/ağlı|

| |think clearly |başından çıxmaq |

|She was frightened out of her wits by the terrible noise. |

|pull yourself |to bring one’s emotions under control so that one |hisslərini cilovlamaq; |

|together |can behave calmly and reasonably and think clearly|özünü ələ almaq |

|Don’t be afraid. Try to pull yourself together, then speak. |

|keep up appearances |to continue to dress and behave in the way |yalandan özünü nümayiş |

| |that people have come to expect of this |etdirmək; gözdən pərdə |

| |person, especially when he can no longer |asıb özünü heç nə |

| |afford it, but he is too proud to admit it |olmamış kimi göstərmək/|

| |(hide the true situation and pretend that |aparmaq |

| |everything was going well) | |

|◘ It was very expensive to buy this kind of car. But they kept up appearances. |

|◘ When they lost their money, they were determined to keep up appearances. |

|take pains to do |to make a great effort to do |özünü bir şeyi etməyə məcbur etmək; |

|sth |something |dişini-dişinə sıxmaq |

|She took pains to tell the truth. |

|do sth of your own free|to do sth because you want to do it, you’re |bir şeyi öz xoşu ilə |

|will |not forced to do it |etmək |

|He went to the party of his own will. |

|cry for the |to want something impossible to|əlçatmaz/qeyri-mümkün olan bir şeyi |

|moon |have |istəmək/arzulamaq; göydən ulduz qoparmaq |

| | |xülyasına düşmək |

|There’s no use crying for the moon. |

|beat about/ |to try to avoid answering a |söhbəti fırlatmaq; əsas məsələdən deyil, |

|around the bush |question or saying something |ordan-burdan danışmaq, əsas məsələdən |

| |immediately and directly |yayınmaq; gah nala, gah da mıxa vurmaq |

|◘ Stop beating about the bush. Come straight to the point. |

|◘ There was no playing around with her, no beating around the bush, … [19, p.120]. |

|come/get down to |to discuss the basic and most|məsələyə aydınlıq gətirmək; işin əslini|

|brass tacks |important facts |öyrənmək, təfərrüata varmaq; əsas |

| | |məsələyə toxunmaq |

|◘ They are going to come down to brass tacks. |

|◘ I want to get down to brass tacks [31, p.184]. |

|have your tongue in |not to be sincere or serious about what you |qeyri-səmimi, ikiüzlü |

|your cheek |say; in an ironic or insincere manner |olmaq |

|◘ I felt she had her tongue in her cheek when she told it to you. |

|◘ Kitty spoke with her tongue in her cheek, for she knew well … [33, p.33]. |

|have your head screwed |to be sensible, to have |ağlı başında olmaq; yaxşı düşünmə |

|on your shoulders |common sense |qabiliyyətinə malik olmaq; sağlam düşüncə|

| | |sahibi olmaq |

|◘ My mother has her head screwed on her shoulders. She can give you a good piece of advice. |

|◘ “No, but I flatter myself that I’ve got a head screwed on my shoulders” [33, p.16]. |

|know which side your |to know how to make oneself liked by people in |özünü gözə |

|bread is buttered |power or how to gain their approval; to know |soxmağı/istətməyi |

| |what is one’s advantage |bacarmaq |

|◘ Some of my colleagues know which side their bread is buttered. |

|◘ Charlie was right when he suggested that Walter knew which side his bread is buttered [33,|

|p.60]. |

|keep your nose above |to be out of serious|qara gün görməmək; ciddi çətinliklə üzləşməmək; |

|water |difficulty |xəta-bəladan uzaq gəzmək/durmaq |

|He’s spent his life keeping his nose above water. |

|wash your dirty |to make unpleasant subjects in |öz paxırını açıb tökmək; xoş olmayan |

|linen in public |public which ought to be kept |məsələdən danışıb aləmə car çəkmək |

| |private | |

|◘ I think, you shouldn’t wash your dirty linen in public. |

|◘ Walter doesn’t give me the impression of a fellow who’d care to wash a lot of dirty linen |

|in public [33, p.55]. |

|burn the |to work or be active from very early until |gecə-gündüz işləmək; dincliyi |

|candle at both|very late; use up all one’s strengths by |olmamaq; çox az dincəlmək; |

|ends |trying to do too many different things; get |istirahətin nə olduğunu |

| |too little rest |bilməmək |

|My boss is working very hard though he’s old. He’s burning the candle at both ends. |

|burn your bridges |to destroy all means of going back,|keçmişin üstündən xətt çəkmək; pis|

|behind you |so that one must go forward |olan hər şeyi arxada qoyub irəliyə|

| | |baxmaq |

|He decided to break off with his old friends and burn his bridges behind him. |

♣ SWIMMING IDIOMS

|keep your head above|to deal with a difficult situation,|güc-bəla ilə dolanmaq, özünü |

|water |especially one in which you’ve |çətinliklə dolandırmaq, bir təhər |

| |financial problems, and just manage|dolanmaq/keçinmək, çulunu sudan |

| |to survive |çıxarmaq |

|My wife’s just lost her job. If we’re careful with money, we should just about be able to keep|

|our heads above water. |

|swim against the tide |to agree with/oppose the attitudes|əksəriyyətə qarşı getmək/çıxmaq, |

| |or opinions that most other |zamanla ayaqlaşmamaq, axına qarşı |

| |people have |getmək |

|You’ll have to agree in the end. You can’t go on swimming against the tide for much longer. |

| going under|in or into an unconscious |müflis olmaq, hər hansı işdə geri getmək; iflasa |

| |state |uğramaq; məc. batmaq |

|If the recession continues for much longer, a lot of small businesses are in real danger of|

|going under. |

|be/drow in deep |serious trouble or |bəlada/fəlakətdə/çətin/təhlükəli/çıxılmaz vəziyyətdə |

|water(s) |difficulty |olmaq; çətinliklə qarşılaşmaq; çətinə/dara düşmək |

|◘ I’ve got some terrible news. Bill’s son has just been arrested. He’s been involved with some|

|pretty shady business deals. He is in deep water. |

|◘ She was a nine-year-old child after all, and she was slowly drowning in deep waters [18, |

|p.108]. |

|make a splash |(informal) to do sth in a way that attracts a|diqqəti cəlb etmək; səs-küy |

| |lot of attention or causes a lot of |qaldırmaq, sensasiya yaratmaq |

| |excitement | |

|◘ If you really want to make a splash with your new book, you’ll have to throw a few parties |

|and give away a few thousand copies to the right people. |

|◘ I don’t want to make a splash when I go to the parties. Then I don’t feel comfortable. |

|test the |to find out what the situation is before|bir şeyi sınaqdan |

|waters |doing sth or making a decision |çıxarmaq/yoxlamaq/araşdırmaq; |

| | |tədbirli olmaq |

|◘ I think it would be a good idea to test the waters first before we spend any more money on |

|the project. |

|◘ “I’d like you to come to America one day,” he said as though testing the waters, as he |

|watched her eat [18, p38]. |

|throw someone a lifeline |to help sb who is in a |bir kəsə yardım əli uzatmaq; köməklik |

| |debt |göstərmək, borc vermək |

|I wish someone would throw me a lifeline! With a loan of a couple of thousand pounds I could |

|just about get myself out of trouble. |

|be tread water| to make no progress while you are waiting for|yerində saymaq, qabağa |

| |sth to happen |getməmək |

|I don’t think I’m going to get promoted here. My job hasn’t changed for three years and I’m |

|bored. I feel as if I’ve been tread water. |

♣ DRIVING IDIOMS

|drive somebody mad |to make sb very angry, crazy, etc. or |bir kəsi dəli etmək; hirsləndirmək,|

| |to make them do sth extreme |özündən çıxarmaq |

|This new computer is driving me mad. |

|be in a bit of a |in a predicament; in a difficult|zibilə/işə/çətinə düşmək; çətin |

|jam |situation |vəziyyətdə olmaq, ciddi problemlə |

| | |üzləşmək |

|I wonder if you could help me out. We’re in a bit of a jam. |

|a dead-end job|a hopeless situation, from |gələcəyi olmayan iş/məşğuliyyət; axırı yaxşı |

| |which one is unable to advance |olmayan/ölü nöqtəyə dirənmiş bir iş |

|I wish I could leave. This is a dead-end job. |

|steer clear of |to stay away from; keep from going |bir kəsdən/şeydən uzaq (kənar) durmaq;|

|sb/ sth |near sb |gözunə görünməmək |

|Steer clear of him today, he is in a dreadful mood. |

|go up a gear |to go or move highest; rise, to |irəliləmək; yüksəlmək; artmaq; qabağa |

| |increase |getmək |

|The team weren’t bad in the first half, but ten minutes into the second half they seemed to go|

|up a gear. They won 3 nil. |

|hit the road| to become a wanderer; to live an idle |avara/səfil/sərsəri həyat keçirmək; məc.|

| |life; become a tramp or hobo; to leave, |küçələrə düşmək; yolu yarı etmək, yola |

| |especially in a car |düşmək (maşınla) |

|◘ Come on. It’s time to hit the road, Jack. |

|◘ When his wife died, he hit the road. |

|turn the corner|to pass a very important point in an illness or a|çətin/təhlükəli vəziyyətdən|

| |difficult situation and begin to move |çıxmaq |

|Last year was a bit difficult, but I think our company is turning the corner now. |

|step on it | to go faster; hurry; to push down on the |əlli olmaq; tələsmək; qaz |

| |gas pedal to make a car go faster |vermək (avtomobilə) |

|Step on it! We’re going to be late. |

|be in the slow |not make progress as fast as other |yerində addımlamaq/ saymaq; irəli |

|lane |people, countries, companies, etc. |getməmək; geri qalmaq |

|- I hear your company is not doing very well. |

|- You’re dead right. We are in the slow lane going nowhere. |

|go round in circles|without any progress; without |söhbəti fırlatmaq; əsas |

| |getting anywhere; uselessly |mətləbdən/məsələdən yayınmaq |

|Let’s get to the point! For the last hour we’ve been going round in circles. |

♣ PEOPLE ARE LIQUID

|a ripple of laughter |a wave of laugh |gülüş dalğası |

|I started my speech with a joke. It worked. There was a ripple of laughter across the |

|audience and then I started to relax and began to speak. |

|stem the tide of sth |to resist; hold back something |müqavimət göstərmək, qarşı durmaq; |

|(or sb) |of great pressure or strength |tablaşmaq; məc. axının qarşısını almaq |

|◘ I think the government has to find a way to stem the tide of refugees. |

|◘ ... but there was no stemming the tides of what she felt, and had felt since the first day |

|she’d met him [21, p.280]. |

|go with the |(informal) to be relaxed |axınla getmək; hər şeyə qane olmaq; zamanla |

|flow |and not worry about what |ayaqlaşmaq; palaza bürün ellə sürün (at. söz) |

| |you should do | |

|I never complain about sth. I just go with the flow. |

|dry up | to disappear or vanish as if by |azalmaq; yoxa çıxmaq, məc. qəhətə çıxmaq; |

| |evaporating |qeybə çəkilmək; qeyb olmaq; qurumaq |

|Nowadays, few people are studying Russian at university. Not surprisingly, the number of new |

|Russian teachers applying for jobs is slowly starting to dry up. |

|be |(informal) a boring or stupid person with a |quru/darıxdırıcı/cansıxıcı/gicbəsə|

|a drip |weak personality |r olmaq |

|Come on! Come and dance. It’s fun. Don’t be such a drip. |

|a pool of somebody|a group of people available for work when |ehtiyatda olan bir dəstə/qrup |

| |needed |insan |

|Our football team has eleven permanent players and a pool of about 12 temporary players. We |

|use them when we need them during the game. |

♣ BUILDING IDIOMS

|get a foot |the first step toward getting or doing |ilk addımlarını atmaq (hər hansı bir|

|in the door |something; a start toward success; opening|işdə); ayağına yer vermək; əlini bir|

| | |işə ilişdirmək |

|- Why are you taking such a low paid job? I’m sure you could find something better. |

|- I know but it’s a good company. I just want to get a foot in the door and with, any luck I|

|can work my way up. |

|(come down) like a |(informal) very heavily;|məc. bir kəsin üstünə “şığımaq”/düşmək; it |

|ton of bricks |very severely |kimi qapmaq; bir kəsə qarşı kəskin davranmaq |

|- Diana looks cross about something. |

|- What’s happened? |

|- I just asked if I could leave early tonight and she came down on me like a ton of bricks. |

|hit the roof/ceiling |to become violently angry;|tüstüsü təpəsindən çıxmaq; vəhşiyə dönmək; |

| |go into a rage |hirsindən divara dırmaşmaq |

|- My father wasn’t very pleased about my exam results. |

|- Neither was mine. He hit the roof when I told him I’d failed maths. |

|on (at) the/ your |very close; very near where you |bir addımlıqda; çox yaxın; |

|doorstep |work or live |əlinin altında |

|- I don’t know how you can live in the middle of town. It must be awful. |

|- It is all right once you’re used to it. You’ve got everything right on your doorstep. |

|get sth through the back door |in an unfair or |tanışlıqla/rüşvətlə bir şeyə nail |

| |indirect way |olmaq |

|- How did you manage to get a job with the bank? |

|- Well, I got it through the back door, really. My dad plays golf with one of the directors.|

|bang/set your back |to be unable to make any progress |bütün cəhdlərə baxmayaraq |

|against a brick wall|because there is a difficulty that |istədiyinə nail olmamaq; işləri |

| |stops you |daşa dirənmək |

|- You still haven’t got a job, then? |

|- No, I’m afraid not. I’ve applied for maybe thirty and I haven’t had one interview. I feel |

|as if I’m banging my head against a brick wall. |

|be at death’s door |very near death; dying |ölüm ayağında olmaq |

|I was so ill with flu last week. I thought I was at death’s door. |

|have your back to |(informal) to be in a trap, with no |çətin/çıxılmaz vəziyyətə düşmək;|

|the wall |way to escape; in bad trouble |tələyə düşmək |

|◘ Our business is not going too well at the moment. Financially, we’ve got our backs to the |

|wall. |

|◘ The soldiers had their backs to the wall. |

|go out of the window |to go out of effect; be |yaddan çıxmaq |

| |abandoned | |

|I’m supposed to be a diet at the moment. Whenever I have dinner with friends, it just goes |

|out of the window. |

|talk to a brick wall|to talk to somebody uselessly |boş yerə danışıb özünü yormaq; məc. |

| | |daşa-divara danışmaq |

|You never listen to me. It’s like talking to a brick wall. |

♣ METAL IDIOMS

|worth your weight in |extremely useful or |özü boyda qızıla dəymək; çox dəyərli |

|gold |valuable |olmaq |

|I wish I had a secretary like yours. She’s got everything so well organized. I know, she’s |

|worth her weight in gold. |

|have nerves of steel |to have great courage |iradəli/dözümlü olmaq; məc. dəmirdən əsəbləri|

| | |olmaq |

|Look at that man working up there on that roof. I can’t even bear to look at him! He must |

|have nerves of steel. |

|have the brass |a combination of confidence and |abırsız/həyasız/utanmaz olmaq; hər şeyə|

|neck |lack of respect |üzü gəlmək |

|I don’t know how he had the brass neck to ask for a rise after the mistakes he’s made this |

|year. |

|go over like a |to fail to generate a positive |müsbət qarşılamamaq (hər hansı bir |

|lead balloon |response or enthusiasm; to meet with|fikri); bir şeyi narazılıqla, |

| |boredom or disapproval |könülsüz qarşılamaq |

|The minister’s suggested budgets cuts went over like a lead balloon. |

♣ MONEY IDIOMS

|tighten your belt|to live on less money than usual, use |qənaət etmək (pula, yeməyə və s.);|

| |less food and other things |özünü sıxmaq |

|- I’m afraid. Our rent is getting more and more expensive. |

|- Well, we’ll just have to be careful what we spend. We should tighten our belts a bit. |

|go halves |to share half or equally become |bir işi şərikinə/yarı-yarıya |

| |partners |görmək |

|- Let’s go to the restaurant. I’ll pay for this. |

|- No, it’ll be expensive. Let’s go halves. |

|save money for a |a time of need; especially, a time when |qara gün üçün pul yığmaq; |

|rainy day |you really need money |qənaət etmək |

|I’m not going to spend the money I’ve got. I’m going to save it for a rainy day. |

|put money aside |to save money |kənara pul qoymaq; bir şey üçün pul yığmaq, qənaət |

| | |etmək |

|- Every year you go on holiday. How can you manage it? |

|- Easy! I just put a bit of money aside each month just for my holiday. |

|live on the |it is the situation where you are |çətin/dözülməz vəziyyətdə yaşamaq; |

|breadline |just able to feed yourself and your |güclə dolanmaq; yarı ac, yarı tox |

| |family |yaşamaq |

|Millions of people in this country are still living on the breadline, just surviving. |

|buy and sell someone |to have a lot of |bir kəsi pulla satın ala bilmək; çox dövlətli |

| |money |olmaq; məc. pula-pul deməmək |

|The old man next door looks like a down-and-out, but he’s a millionaire. He could buy and |

|sell you. |

|live in the lap of|well supplied with luxuries; having|var-dövlət içində yaşamaq; yağ-bal |

|luxury |most things that money can buy |içində yaşamaq, süd gölündə üzmək |

|My brother has just got a teaching job in Brunei; big tax, free salary, all expenses paid. |

|He’s living in the lap of luxury. |

|short of a bob or two|usual, customary, ordinary, |normal (orta) səviyyədə yaşamaq |

| |routine | |

|I wouldn’t say I am rich. Let’s just say I’m living short of a bob or two. |

| |

|Note: The informal word for the old British “coin” known as a shilling (5 p) was a bob. |

♣ SHOPPING

|buy for a song |(informal) to buy something very cheaply |bir şeyi çox ucuz/ lap havayı|

| | |almaq |

|They bought their house for a song some years ago. |

|cost a pretty penny |cost a lot of money |çox baha olmaq |

|That car cost a pretty penny! |

|pin money |a small amount of money that you can spend on |qara gün üçün yığılan/saxlanılan|

| |yourself rather than on necessary things |pul; son qəpik-quruş |

|What a selfish girl she is? I can’t understand her. She spent her pin money on a dress. |

|spend money like water|to spend too much |çox pul xərcləmək; pulu su kimi xərcləmək; |

| |money |pulu sağına -soluna xərcləmək |

|Her mother will be angry with her, I’m sure. She spends money like water. |

|burn a hole in |if money is burning a hole in your pocket,|pulu tez xərcləməyə çalışmaq; |

|your pocket |it means you want to spend it as soon as |kasıb pul tapdı, qoymağa yer |

| |you can |tapmadı |

|That $100 is burning a hole in my pocket. (O yüz dollar cibimi cırır). |

|buy sth over sb’s |to buy sth and put more money than |bir kəsin başinin üstündən iş |

|head |someone else in order to get it |görmək; kimdənsə xəbərsiz iş görmək|

|He bought the house over his brother’s head. |

|have money to burn/ flush with |to have a lot |dövlətli olmaq; dam dolusu pulu olmaq; |

|money/ have deep pockets |of money |pulu başından aşmaq/pulunu qoymağa yer |

| | |tapmamaq |

|They must have money to burn. |

|it’s not worth a |about sth which is worthless, |qara qəpiyə dəyməz |

|farthing/penny |useless | |

|What an ugly dress you’ve bought! It is not worth a farthing. |

|be a good/bad buy |to be worth or to be not worth the price |verdiyin pula |

| |you paid |dəyər/dəyməz |

|This wine is a good buy at $3.50. |

|dirt cheap |extremely low in price |çox ucuz; lap havayı |

|These shoes are dirt cheap. |

♣ “VERY” IDIOMS

|In English there are some different words used as intensifiers. They make an adjective |

|stronger. For example: totally, different, absolutely ridiculous, utterly stupid. Some |

|adjectives have their own intensifiers which very often go with them. Some are very obvious:|

|bone dry, razor sharp, paper thin. Others are less obvious: shark naked, brand new. They all|

|have one thing in common. You can’t guess them. You have to learn the words together as a |

|single expression. |

|broad daylight |(in) the clear light of day, when it is easy to |günün günorta çağı |

| |see | |

|My sister was robbed in the street last week in broad daylight. |

|stone-deaf |showing no signs of life; completely deaf |tamam kar |

|You have to shout at my grandmother. She’s stone deaf. |

|pitch black |totally, completely dark |göz-gözü görməyən qaranlıq |

|I can’t see a thing. Switch the light on. I can’t find the light switch. It’s pitch black in|

|here. |

|paper thin |very thin |kağız kimi nazik, çox nazik |

|The walls of my flat are paper thin. You can hear everything. |

|wide awake |fully awake |tamamilə oyaq; oyanmış, ayıq |

|- It’s been a long day. You must be very tired. |

|- Actually, I feel wide awake. |

|bone dry |very dry |çox quru, odun kimi quru; qup-quru |

|-These clothes are probably still a bit wet, aren’t they? |

|-No, actually, they’re bone dry. |

|razer sharp |very sharp |ülgüc kimi iti, çox iti |

|Be careful with that knife, it’s razer sharp. |

|rock hard |extremely hard or strong |çox bərk; daş kimi bərk |

|This bread is lovely when it’s fresh but next day it goes rock hard. |

|brand-new |as new or fresh as when just made and |qatı açılmamış; istifadə |

| |sold by the manufacturer; showing no use|olunmamış; təp-təzə; yeni |

| |or wear | |

|◘ - Can I borrow your camera for the weekend? |

|- OK, but please be careful with it, It’s brand-new. |

|◘ Everything was brand-new between them [19, p.247]. |

|dead easy |very easy |çox asan, su içmək kimi asan |

|- I’m really worried about my oral. |

|- Oh, don’t worry. It’s dead easy. It’s the composition you need to worry about! |

♣ “LIKE” IDIOMS

|look like death warmed up |to look or feel very |xəstə/ümidsiz/rəngi solgun görünmək; məc. |

| |sick/ill or tired |öluyə oxşamaq |

|- I feel terrible. I think I need to consult a doctor. |

|- Yes, go home. You look like death warmed up. |

|treat sb like |to treat sb with no |bir kəsi adam yerinə qoymamaq; məc. kimisə əski hesab|

|dirt |respect at all |etmək, bir kəsə hörmət etməmək |

|◘ - Did you see the way Robert spoke to his wife last night? Disgusting, wasn’t it? |

|- Yes, but it didn’t surprise me. He treats her like dirt. |

|◘ “… who used to come to our house at home that here we should be treated like dirt” [33, |

|p.19]. |

|eat like a horse |to eat a lot; eat hungrily |çox yemək; camış kimi/acgözlüklə |

| | |yemək |

|- I see Peter’s put more weight on. |

|- I am not surprised. He eats like a horse. |

|drink like a fish |to drink (alcoholic beverages) in great quantities, to|çox içmək, ayıq |

| |be addicted to alcohol |vaxtı olmamaq |

|- I could smell alcohol on Gerry’s breath this morning. Does he drink a lot? Didn’t you know? |

|- He’s got a problem. He drinks like a fish. |

|have memory like a sieve|(informal) to have a very bad memory; to |huşsuz olmaq; məc. |

| |forget things easily |quşbeyin olmaq |

|- Surely you remember Monica. She’s the teacher you met at Cardin’s house. |

|- Sorry. I’ve got memory like a sieve. |

|smoke like a |to smoke very heavily and |çox siqaret çəkmək; məc. baca kimi |

|chimney |continuously |tüstüləmək |

|- I suppose I smoke about ten cigarettes a day. |

|- That’s nothing compared to my brother. He smokes like a chimney. |

|spend like there is no |to spend much money |sabahı düşünməmək; bədxərc olmaq; çox pul |

|tomorrow | |xərcləmək |

|My sister has always short of cash. She spends like there is no tomorrow. |

|drive like a |to drive dangerously |dəli kimi maşın sürmək |

|maniac | | |

|Never get into a car with Gerry. He drives like a maniac. |

|speak something like a |to speak |hər hansı bir dildə ana dili kimi danışmaq, çox |

|native |fluently |yaxşı danışmaq |

|You should hear Simon’s Spanish. He speaks it like a native. |

♣ “WAY” IDIOMS

|“Way” is a very common word in English with many uses and different meanings: |

|1. You can see the literal meaning in “Could you tell me the way to the nearest shop?” |

|2. “Way” can also mean “distance”. It’s a long way to Madrid. |

|3. It can also mean “method” or “style” as in Frank Sinatra’s famous song “I’ll do it |

|my way”. |

|work your way to |(informal) rise, move, to more |cəmiyyətdə/işdə özünə yer tutmaq, |

|the top |responsible positions by one’s own |mənsəbə çatmaq, pillə-pillə böyümək,|

| |efforts |artmaq |

|It’s taken me a long time to get where I am in the company. I started as an office clerk and |

|slowly worked my way to the top. It took a lot of hard work. |

|meet someone |to give up part of what you want or to do your |qarşılıqlı |

|halfway |share in reaching an agreement with someone |güzəştə/kompromisə |

| | |getmək |

|$400 is too much so I’ll meet you halfway. Let’s say $350. |

|have a way with |to be talented at speech; be able|başqasını fikrindən daşındımaq; |

|words |to influence others by expressing|yolundan döndərmək; sözlə ilanı |

| |oneself succinctly and |yuvasından çıxarmaq; məc. yağlı dili |

| |persuasively |olmaq |

|My mother can persuade people to do almost anything. She has a way with words. |

|stand in sb’s way (in |to prevent sb from doing|bir kəsi fikrindən daşındırmaq; mane olmaq; |

|the way of sth) |sth, stop sth happening |məc. qaratikan kimi kiminsə yolunun üstündə |

| | |bitmək; yolunu kəsmək |

|◘ I personally think you should go to university. But if you really want to leave school and |

|get a job, I won’t stand in your way. |

|◘ Naturally, I don’t want to stand in her way [31, p.195]. |

|go out of your |to make an extra effort; |əlindən gələni etmək, bir kəsə yardım əli |

|way |do more than usual |uzatmaq, köməklik göstərmək; dəridən-qabıqdan |

| | |çıxmaq |

|I’m never going to help him again. I went out of your way to make time to help him fix his car|

|yesterday and not a word of thanks. Nothing at all. |

|keep out of sb’s way|to stay out; remain out |bir kəsin gözünə görünməmək; bir kəsdən uzaq |

| |of |olmaq |

|Martin is in a bad mood, so I would keep out of his way if I were you. |

|have something both| two incompatible approaches |bir əldə iki qarpız tutmaq; bir araya |

|ways |to the same problem can not |sıgmayan, uyuşmayan iki iş görmək; bir əldə |

| |happen at the same time |iki qarpız tutmaq |

|◘ You’ll have to choose between a wage rise or shorter hours. You can’t have it both ways. |

|◘ John wants to keep both his wife and his mistress; he doesn’t understand that he must |

|choose. He can’t have it both ways. |

|come a long way |to show much improvement; make great |uzun və şərəfli bir yol keçmək |

| |progress | |

|- I remember the days our company employed only five people, and that included you and your |

|wife! Now it’s around two thousand, isn’t it? |

|- That’s right. We’ve come a long way since those early days. |

♣ “WORD” IDIOMS

|be a man of word |who keeps his promises and does the things|sözünə əməl etmək; sözünün ağası |

| |he agrees to do; a man who can be trusted |olmaq; sözünün üstündə durmaq |

|I don’t think you need to worry about him changing his mind. He’s a man of his word. |

|from the word go |from the beginning |əvvəldən; başlanğıcdan |

|Never buy anything second-hand. I bought a second-hand fridge a month ago and it was trouble |

|from the word go. |

|word for word |in exactly the same words |sözbəsöz; olduğu kimi, eyni |

| | |ilə |

|He has got an amazing memory for what people say. She can repeat what you said last week word |

|for word. |

|be lost for words |to be surprised, confused, etc. that you|deməyə söz tapmamaq (təəccübdən, |

| |don’t know what to say |çaşqınlıqdan və s.) |

|I told Kevin I was leaving because I’d never worked for anyone as stupid as him. He didn’t say|

|anything at all. For once he was lost for words. |

|too awful for |very terrible |dəhşətli/çox təsirli mənzərə; sözlə deyiləsi/təsvir |

|words |accident |ediləsi olmayan hadisə |

|I saw a motorbike accident yesterday. It was terrible. I feel sick when I think about it. It |

|was too awful for words. |

|take the words right|to say what another is just going |bir kəsin qəlbni oxumaq; fikirləri |

|out of sb’s mouth |to say; to put another’s thought |üst-üstə düşmək; bir kəsin söyləmək |

| |into words |istədiyini ondan qabaq demək |

|- I don’t know about you, but I think we should stop for lunch. |

|- You took the words right out of my mouth. |

|famous last |issued as a warning after an optimistic statement |boş söz; məc. |

|words |indicating that the person with the optimistic outlook |deyilişi gözəl sözlər|

| |could easily be wrong | |

|◘ - Don’t worry, the meeting will be finished no later than four o’clock. |

|- Famous last words! We’ll be lucky to be out of here by seven. |

|◘ - He will be OK, don’t worry. |

|- Famous last words! |

♣ “TIME” IDIOMS

|at the crack of dawn|the time in the morning when the |səhər sübhdən; gün doğanda; dan |

| |sun’s rays first appear |yeri söküləndə |

|When I’m on holiday and the weather is good, I love to get up at the crack of dawn. |

|once in a blue moon|very rarely; very seldom; almost|tək-tük/çox az/nadir hallarda; ayda |

| |never |ildə bir dəfə |

|Although we work at the same university, we only see each other once in a blue moon. |

|in this day and age |now, in the modern world |ilin-günün bu vaxtı; müasir |

| | |dövrdə |

|I can’t believe there are so many homeless and unemployed people in this day and age. The |

|government should do something about it. |

|at the last |the latest possible time before an |lap son anda; məc. bıçaq sümüyə |

|minute |important event |dirənəndə |

|I’m never early, and I’m never late, but I do admit doing things at the last minute. |

|long time no |greeting; I haven’t seen you for quite a long |çoxdandır görünmürsən, |

|see |while - a joking imitation of Pidgin English |aya-günə dönmüsən |

|Where’ve you been for the past six mouths? Long time no see. |

|there’s no time |this is the right time to do something; at |fürsəti fövtə vermə; dəmiri |

|like the present |other times the opportunity to carry out such|isti-isti döyərlər; vaxtı |

| |an activity won’t be |itirmək olmaz |

|Here’s the number of my dentist. Ring him and make an appointment. Go on, there’s no |

|time like the present. |

|Tomorrow is another|used to say to sb to be patience and |Gecənin xeyrindən gündüzün şəri |

|day! |not to lose hope or the ability to |yaxşıdır! Allah kərimdir! Ümidini |

| |stay calm |üzmə! |

|Just forget everything that’s happened today. Tomorrow is another day! |

♣ SEEING IS UNDERSTANDING

|see through sb’s |to think about and see sth |bir şeyə başqasının gözü ilə baxmaq; özünü bir|

|eyes |the way that another person|kəsin yerinə qoymaq, başqasının vəziyyətini |

| |sees it |başa düşməyə çalışmaq |

|Try to see the situation through my eyes. I simply can’t accept his invitation. |

|with eyes wide |fully aware of the possible |düşünülmüş şəkildə, nəticələri nəzərə |

|open |problems or results of a |alaraq hər şeyi götür-qoy edərək |

| |particular course of action | |

|Jane and Fred are both in their forties, so they are going into marriage with their eyes wide|

|open. |

|see past the end of your nose| not to be clever |burnunun ucundan uzağı görməmək; ağıl-sız |

| |enough |olmaq |

|My boss is really selfish and small-minded. He can’t see past the end of his nose. |

|open sb’s |to make a person see or understand the truth; |bir kəsi ayıltmaq; başa salmaq; |

|eyes |make a person realize; tell a person what is |məc. bir kəsin gözünü açmaq, |

| |really happening or what really exists |qəflət yuxusundan ayıltmaq |

|I think you need to change your job. They make you work all hours. It’s time you opened your |

|eyes. |

|see reason |to think or act sensibly, especially |razılaşmaq; yola gəlmək; məc.|

| |after realizing what the facts are on a certain |daşı ətəyindən tökmək |

| |matter and accepting advice about it | |

|It took a long time to persuade him, but he finally saw reason. |

EXERCISES

ANIMAL IDIOMS

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with one of these idioms:

a. monkey around; b. swing a cat; c. ants; pants; d. a pig-sty; e. gone to dogs; f. a little bird told (whispered)

1. - I heard they’d moved in a new flat. What’s the matter?

- Oh, they found a room with a bit more space. There wasn’t enough space in their flat.

2. Will you stop ? You’ll break something!

3. A me you’re going to London. Is it true?

4. My little boy just can’t sit still while eating. It always makes me angry. I often say to him: “Do you have in your____?”

5. - Their house used to be quite good but look at it now.

- I know. It’s really in the last few years.

6. Did you see her flat? I just couldn’t believe my eyes. It was like !

Exercise 2. Without using a dictionary, guess the meaning of the underlined idioms.

1. I don’t like this character of yours. You always make up decisions on the hoof.

2. I’m very hungry. I can eat a horse.

3. Why do you want to make me visit him? Wild horses can’t drag me to his house again!

4. My daughter is so thin. She eats like a sparrow.

5. Be careful! Don’t think that your mother doesn’t see you. She has eyes like a hawk.

6. My boss has taken me under his wing.

Exercise 3. Use each of the following animals as a verb by putting it in a suitable form in its correct space in the sentences below.

a. fox; b. monkey; c. worm; d. hound; e. dog; f. ram; g. duck; h. badger

1. The thief in the stolen car refused to stop so the police were forced to it with their own car.

2. This machine is complicated and dangerous so don’t about with it.

3. The children their father to buy them a dog until he finally gave in and did so.

4. He complained that because of his political beliefs he had been by the press.

5. To avoid being seen he down behind the hedge.

6. He tried to avoid telling me but after half an hour I managed to the truth out of him.

7. He managed to his pursuers by changing cars three times and then escaping in disguise.

8. All through her life she was by misfortune.

Exercise 4. Add the missing words:

1. Fight like cat and … .

2. Stop … !

3. A cat in … chance.

4. A … remark.

5. When the cat’s … .

6. Put the cat … .

7. Let the cat out of the … .

8. The cat’s … .

BODY IDIOMS

Exercise 5. Put each of the following idioms in its correct place in the sentences below.

a. a brave face

b. a good head

c. to talk behind somebody’s back

d. to pull somebody’s leg

e. to find somebody’s feet

f. a heart of gold

1. Hey, Nicy, my heart went to pieces when I heard that you _____.

2. - I want to ask her for help, but I can’t take the bull by the horn.

- If I were, I’d do it. She has .

3. I know after her mother’s death she’s so sad and helpless, but she on it.

4. Mike always makes fun of me, but I don’t take him too seriously. I know he only .

5. - How is your new job going?

- I don’t know yet. I’m still .

6. If I’m in a difficult situation I always ask Irada .She has _____ for everything.

Exercise 6. How we call the following situations with the idioms.

1. if something irritates you?

2. if you’re trying something for the first time?

3. if you pay for something?

4. if you really don’t feel like doing it?

Exercise 7. Comment on the meaning of each of the idioms. Try to give their equivalents in Azerbaijani and use them in situations of your own.

1. Get on everyone’s nerves.

2. Dip someone’s toe in the water.

3. Foot the bill.

4. To have eyes in the back of someone’s head.

Exercise 8. The following parts of the body are used as verbs in the sentences below. Put each one in its correct place.

a. shin d. finger g. head i. back

b. head e. back h. foot j. elbow

c. mouth f. thumb

1. I think we’d better for the station. Our train leaves in half an hour.

2. It is your fault! Don’t leave me to all the blame!

3. There was a crowd of people there. I’d to my way through.

4. They decided to their way round Europe. They’re experienced hitch-hikers.

5. If customers a book a lot, it gets dirty.

6. I’m having my house painted. It’s very expensive. I don’t know how I’m going to the bill.

7. Bob couldn’t hear me because of the noise, so I had to what I wanted to say.

8. He’s very fit and strong. Watch him up that tree like a monkey.

9. It’s been announced that the Foreign Minister will delegation to visit China next month.

10. A large manufacturing firm has offered to the Himalayan Expedition.

Exercise 9. Rewrite each underlined idiom with a literal expression that has the same meaning. Use a dictionary if necessary.

1. She said some very hurtful things to me, but I just bit my tongue, because I didn’t want to show her I was upset.

2. He doesn’t have any notes. He will just play it by ear, and he’ll be great.

3. When I lent him some money he turned his nose up at it and returned it back.

4. We were all ears when she told some gossip about Ted and Lily?

5. I wish you wouldn’t poke your nose into other people’s affairs.

6. The table was piled high with mouth-watering desserts.

CLOTHES IDIOMS

Exercise 10. Rewrite these sentences using an idiom instead of the underlined bits. The following idioms will help you.

1. Don’t listen to what your brother is saying. He doesn’t know what he’s talking about.

2. I love my native country. If I could get a job here, I’d stay here, without planning.

3. He wanted to tell me a secret, but he made me promise to tell nobody.

4. We never use type-writers now. They are old-fashioned.

5. My husband is going to repair his car by himself. I admire. I’m sure he isn’t able to do it without professional help.

(through somebody’s hat; at the top of a hat; keep it under somebody’s hat; old hat; I take my hat off to him)

Exercise 11. Can you think of a situation where you might …

1. have to pull your socks up?

2. have to tighten your belts?

3. have to keep something under your hat?

4. have to do everything on a shoe-string?

5. have to get your knickers in a twist?

6. don’t feel like to be in anybody’s shoes?

COLOUR IDIOMS

Exercise 12. Put each of the following color idioms in its correct place in the sentences below.

a. out of the blue

b. once in a blue moon

c. green fingers

d. in black and white

e. a black sheep

f. a white elephant

1. The offer of a holiday sounded very good, but I couldn’t believe it till I had it .

2. We have a beautiful garden. My grandfather is a successful gardener. He has .

3. Your friend is always in trouble, unlike the rest of the family. I’m afraid he is .

4. Tourists often visit our country to see Maiden Tower, but we only go there.

5. - I think this piano just takes up space. Am I right?

- Right. We’re going to sell it. It’s a bit of .

6. I had lost touch with my friend, and yesterday I met him right in the street . What a surprise!

Exercise 13. Match the idioms on the left-hand box with their non-literal meanings on the right-hand box:

|1. A black spot is |a. unofficial and illegal. |

|2. A black look is |b. not serious and sometimes saves |

|3. The black economy is |embarrassment. |

|4. A white lie is |c. a dangerous road or corner. |

|5. A black picture is |d. an angry one. |

|6. A black sheep is |e. different from the rest of the family. |

|7. In black and white means |f. in writing. |

| |g. a depressing one. |

Exercise 14. Write the missing colour.

1. They painted the town after the exam.

2. My brother is a – eyed boy. Everyone loves him at work.

3. That’s like a rag to a bull.

4. You may ask till you’re in the face, but I won’t change my decision.

5. It was a – letter day.

6. My mother-in-law got a carpet treatment when she came to us.

7. I do my morning exercises once in a moon.

8. She was caught – handed.

IDIOMS EXPRESSING PEOPLE’S FEELINGS, RELATIONSHIPS …, IN PARTICULAR SITUATIONS

Exercise 15. Here are some idioms that can be grouped as expressing either positive or negative feelings. Try to group them using a dictionary if necessary.

1. to be over the moon

2. to feel/be a bit down

3. to keep somebody’s chin up

4. to be in a (black) mood

5. feel like a million dollars

6. kick up one’s heels

7. paint the town red

8. get away clean

9. at the end of one’s rope

10. face the music

Exercise 16. Choose suitable idioms to fill the gaps in the following sentences.

a) sell someone down the river

b) leave someone high and dry

c) sell someone short

d) spill the beans

e) on ice

f) burning ambition

g) pull the rug from under somebody’s feet

h) light at the end of the tunnel

i) have something up one’s sleeve

j) knock someone down with the feather

k) out of the blue

1. I had lost touch with Jack, and then one night he arrived at my flat right _____. What a surprise!

2. We’re going to Mum’s birthday. I don’t worry. I’ve got ______.

3. It’s been a long, hard struggle, but I think at last we can see ____ .

4. When my boss began to criticize my work it really ______.

5. I saw Jody’s car yesterday. It .

6. My is to climb Mount Everest. Can you believe it?

7. We’ve been working since morning. I’m hungry. Let’s put the notes awhile and grab a bite to eat.

8. I’ve bought a present for Irada. I wanted to make her a surprise. But someone .

9. Just because he doesn’t say very much is no reason to .

10. I thought my sister was going to help me do the washing up, but she .

11. I never liked my brother’s girlfriend. When I heard that his so-called girlfriend I didn’t get surprised.

Exercise 17. Which idiom would you use in these situations? The following idioms will help you.

1. if somebody’s panicking about the future?

2. if you encourage a friend to try something?

3. if somebody wants to take some exercise?

4. if you encourage someone to take control of a situation and take action?

5. if you tell someone to wait patiently and take no action?

6. if you tell someone not to worry about a situation?

7. if you tell someone to be careful?

8. if you tell someone not to assume that something will happen?

(take one day at a time; go for it; don’t overdo it; take the bull by the horns; sit tight; don’t lose any sleep over it; don’t take anything for granted; keep your wits about you).

ADVICE (POSITIVE)

Exercise 18. Fill in the following verbs in the idiomatic expressions below:

go; bide; take (2); sit; make; speak; tread; keep (2).

a. … your mind

b. … the most of it

c. … your wits about you

d. … the bull by the horns

e. … your time

f. … tight

g. … carefully

h. … one day at a time

i. … a low profile

j. …. for it

ADVICE (NEGATIVE)

Exercise 19. Match each idiom on the left with its definition on the right.

|1. don’t throw the baby out with the bath |a. say what you are thinking |

|water |b. don’t worry about it |

|2. don’t lose any sleep over it |c. be careful, when you change things, not to lose |

|3. don’t over do it |some of the good old ideas |

|4. don’t beat about the bush |d. slow down and stop doing so many things |

HAPPINESS AND SADNESS

Exercise 20. Correct the mistakes in each of these sentences.

1. My brother was thrilled for bits to have his photo in the paper.

2. I felt as if I was floating in air as I ran down the hill into his arms.

3. Why does he look so out of sort today?

4. Don’t make such fuss. It’s not the finish of the world!

5. Your telephone call has really done my day!

6. Anar said he was on cloud seven and we agreed that he was in ninth heaven.

7. Why does Mark always have to be such a miserable guts?

8. He is said to be over the sun.

ANGER

Exercise 21. Group these pairs of idioms which mean more or less the same thing:

go off the deep end; give him an earful; put his back up; do his nut; drive him up the wall; rub him up the wrong way; give him a piece of her mind; send him round the bend;

SUCCESS AND FAILURE IDIOMS

Exercises 22. Rewrite the underlined parts using success and failure idioms.

1. At first we thought the new road would spoil our village, but in fact it was a positive development and the village shops are doing more business.

2. I sprayed the stain remover onto my jacket and it had an immediate positive result.

3. This is not the absolute best and most complete cookery book, but it does have recipes from 100 different countries.

4. The school has got better and better since the new head teacher took over.

5. Getting new curtains has changed my flat in a positive way. It feels like a new one.

HAVING PROBLEMS

Exercise 23. Match the beginning of each idioms on the left with its ending on the right.

|1. left holding the |a. wall |

|2. brick |b. music |

|3. dire |c. baby |

|4. draw a |d. barrel |

|5. have you over a |e. straits |

|6. face the |f. blank |

READING IDIOMS

Exercise 24. Look back at the reading idioms and fill in the missing nouns:

1. I’m turning over a new …

2. You’ve got to read between the …

3. It’s just a … of tripe.

4. I read it from cover to …

5. I can’t make head nor … of this.

6. I didn’t read the small ...

7. It takes a … to get going.

8. Never judge a book by its …

EDUCATION

Exercise 25. Match the following idioms to their respective dictionary definitions.

|◘ Learn something at one’s mother’s knee |

|◘ Show promise |

|◘ In one ear and out the other |

|◘ Live and learn |

|◘ Stuff sb’s memory with sth |

|◘ Follow in sb’s footsteps |

|◘ To load sb’s memory with sth |

|◘ To learn sth as a very young child |

|◘ To do the same things as sb did earlier |

|◘ To increase one’s knowledge by experience |

|◘ To be likely to be very good |

|◘ What has been said is forgotten immediately |

Exercise 26. The following sentences all contain an idiom with one key word missing. Choose one of the four alternatives to complete the idiom.

1. The factory owner’s turned a (dead, deaf, deep, deft) ear to the demands of the workers.

2. I think if I work hard I’ll (bar, bare, bear, beard) the fruits of my work.

3. My little sister agreed to go to the dentist under (presage, press, pressing, pressure).

4. Our dean knows a lot about everything. I think she’s a (working, waking, walking, wanting) dictionary.

5. My mother tries to (ham, hamper, hammer, hamstring) the facts into our heads every day.

6. Don’t (stumble, stump, stuff, stun) the child’s head with this nonsense.

Exercise 27. Add the missing word to these idioms:

a. He’s got his … screwed on.

b. He can turn his … to anything.

c. He knows what’s ….

d. He hasn’t got a ….

e. He’s learning the ….

f. He hasn’t got the … of it yet.

g. He doesn’t know one … of a car from the other.

h. It’s common ….

(end; hang; clue; what; knowledge; ropes; head; hand).

Exercise 28. Without using a dictionary, guess the meaning of these idioms.

1. My brother knows a thing or two about computers.

2. We’ll soon get the hang of it.

3. My boss is an old hand at the university.

4. I think you know it like the back of your hand.

5. Don’t worry! You’ll soon learn the ropes.

6. She’s got her heard screwed on.

7. It’s second nature to me now.

MIND AND MEMORY IDIOMS

Exercise 29. Try to complete these expressions using memory or mind idioms. Use a dictionary if necessary.

1. Out of sight, out of _____.

2. The class reunion gave us a great opportunity for a trip down _____ lane.

3. I’m sorry I forgot to post your letters. It just slipped my _____.

4. You can’t remember what you did last night? Let me jog your _____.

5. Please, bear me in _____ if you need someone to work on this project.

6. I was so embarrassed that my _____ just went blank.

7. It never crossed my ______ to tell Nigel about our meeting.

8. Streets full of horse – drawn carriages are still within living ____ just!

9. I wanted to give her a surprise, but nothing suitable came to ______.

10. Try to commit your mobile phone number to ______.

NATURE AND WEATHER IDIOMS

Exercise 30. Rewrite these sentences using an idiom from this section.

1. It was raining very hard when I got up yesterday.

………………………………………………………………….

2. It is rainy weather.

…………………………………………………………………

3. I hope they’ll start early in the morning.

…………………………………………………………………

4. I hope, they’re having very nice, beautiful weather in the village at the moment.

…………………………………………………………………

5. Last year we had mild, snowless winter.

…………………………………………………………………

6. I’ll go to the match whatever the weather is like.

…………………………………………………………………

7. She will be operated on in the hottest part of summer.

…………………………………………………………………

Exercise 31. Try to work out the meaning of the idioms from the context. If you can’t, then check their meaning in a dictionary or in a dictionary of idioms.

1. I was shaking like a leaf as I waited to hear if I had passed the exam.

2. I slept like a log last night. It was so quiet and the bed was very comfortable.

3. I hate making big decisions. I usually prefer to just go with the flow.

4. It goes against the grain for him ever to say he was wrong. It is not in his character to admit that he has made a mistake.

5. The news has come as a breath of fresh air for students worried about the level of fees.

6. The discussions have not solved the problem, but they have helped to clear the air to a certain.

HOUSE AND HOME IDIOMS

Exercise 32. Match the idiomatic expressions on the left-hand box with the non-idiomatic equivalents on the right-hand box:

|1. She’s nothing to write home about. |a. Sort out your own problems first. |

|2. They ate us out of house and home. |b. We liked each other a lot. |

|3. Put your own house in order. |c. We had no food left. |

|4. He brought the house down. |d. The audience applauded a lot. |

|5. We got on like a house on fire. |e. She’s not specially good-looking. |

POLITICS

Exercise 33. Decide which version of the idioms is correct in the following sentences.

1. The citizens of the country are making/taking action to stop the war.

2. The war drives many problems into the background /underground.

3. I’m afraid they’ll kill/fill the bill.

4. We’re against the arms race/pace.

5. Our president is famous for his shuttle/shutter diplomacy.

6. We’ll hold a round/ground table discussion next month.

Exercise 34. Match the following English idioms to their respective dictionary definitions:

|◘ Get a new angel on sth |◘ Promises and treats |

|◘ Make arrangements |◘ Informal and direct diplomacy |

|◘ Hardly annual |◘ Become a politician |

|◘ Shirtsleeve diplomacy |◘ Have the power to take all the important |

|◘ Go into politics |decisions |

|◘ The carrot and the stick |◘ Change one’s point of view |

|◘ Hold the balance |◘ Make plans and preparations |

|◘ Kill the bill |◘ To defeat a proposed new law |

LAW IDIOMS

Exercise 35. Here are some idioms connected with law. Can you translate them into your own language?

1. If he doesn’t repay his debts, we’ll have to go to law.

2. He was accessory after the fact.

3. Everybody looked at the prisoner at the bar.

4. They became hardened criminals.

5. Crime doesn’t pay.

6. Yesterday they broke jail.

7. We had to take the law into our own hands.

FIRE IDIOMS

Exercise 36. Add the missing words in the following fire idioms.

1. … the world on fire

2. … a blazing row

3. … with fire

4. … on like a house on fire

5. … fuel to the dire

6. … the imagination

7. … up in smoke

8. … your bridges

MEDICINE IDIOMS

Exercise 37. A. Match the following medicine idioms to their respective dictionary definitions.

|◘ Alive and kicking |◘ To become ill with a cold |

|◘ Catch one’s death |◘ To look very healthy |

|◘ Breathe one’s last |◘ Very thin |

|◘ Die in one’s boots |◘ To be nervous |

|◘ Sb is a picture of health |◘ To be very active and lively |

|◘ Bring sb to life |◘ To die |

|◘ Catch a cold |◘ To die while still working |

|◘ A bag of bones |◘ To make someone live, regain consciousness |

|◘ Go to pieces |◘ To be very cold and probably become very ill |

B. Use some idioms to make up a story. A student starts it with “Good health is above wealth”.

HEALTH IDIOMS

Exercise 38. Match each statement on the left with the most likely response on the right.

|1. Failing the driving test was a bitter|a. Why? You should give her a dose of her own |

|pill to swallow. |medicine. |

|2. I don’t think I’ll tell her what I |b. Don’t worry. You’ll soon get over it. |

|think of her. |c. Don’t worry. I know it is a sore spot for him. |

|3. I think she’s got itchy feet. |d. Where would she like to go this time? |

|4. Be very attentive while speaking to | |

|her. Her son is deaf. | |

Exercise 39. Put each of the following idioms in its correct place in the sentences.

a. death warmed up

b. recharge one’s batteries

c. a bitter pill to swallow

d. sore spot

e. have itchy feet

1. Try not to mention the merger to him; it’s a bit of a _____ for him.

2. Telling Farida what you feel may be a _____, but you owe it to her nevertheless.

3. Watching travelling programmes on TV always gives me _____.

4. Have you seen Lala? She looks like _____ !

5. A good game of golf at the weekend always helps to _____ my brother’s_____.

DAILY PROGRAMME

Exercise 40. Try guessing from the context what the underlined daily programme idioms mean. Use a dictionary if necessary.

1. All work and no play makes my brother a dull boy.

2. The students haven’t done a stroke of work.

3. Evidently, we don’t have time to burn.

4. “Go to bed with the lamb and rise with the lark!” – my grandmother used to say to me when I was young.

5. I didn’t sleep a wink that night.

6. Hurry up! We don’t have all day!

Exercise 41. Read the following passages and choose the correct key word to complete daily programme idioms. Use your dictionary to check your answers. Translate the passages into Azerbaijani.

1. Julia and Charles dined at the Savay. They had come late, they dined well, and by the time Charles had finished his brandy people were already beginning to come in for supper.

“Good gracious, are the theatres out already?” he said, glancing at his watch. “How quickly the time (flights/flies) when I’m with you.” [31].

2. Julia and Gimmie had no sooner sat down to table than he went straight to the point, “I never slept a (wing/wink) all night for thinking of you”, he said. [31].

3. How are you today, Sydney? You’re looking very well. Busy as a (beetle/bee) as usual, I suppose. You’re simply amazing. [34].

HOLIDAYS

Exercise 42. Rewrite each sentence with a suitable idiom in this section.

1. It was exactly what I needed.

2. I like going to quiet and unusual places.

3. I had a wonderful time.

4. I’m ready to come back to work.

Exercise 43. Add the missing words:

1. A … is as good as a ...

2. I need to get … from it ...

3. There’s … place like …

4. We had a … of a …

5. It was … what the … ordered.

6. We had the … of our …

SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES

Exercise 44. Here are some idioms that can be grouped as expressing a similar meaning or a different meaning. Try to group them, using a dictionary if necessary.

a far cry from

in the same boat

the odd one out

the spitting image

on a par with

carbon copy

poles apart

six of one and half a dozen of the other

a world of difference

one of a kind

GRAMMATICAL IDIOMS

Something/Anything/Nothing idioms

Exercise 45. Put each of the following idioms in its correct place in the sentences bellow.

a. nothing to write home about

b. something against

c. nothing of the sort

d. something for nothing

e. there’s nothing to it

f. nothing … trouble

g. there’s nothing to choose

h. anything goes

1. - Have you seen Farida’s new boyfriend? How is he like?

- Handsome enough, but !

2. My new computer has been but ___since the day I bought it! I think something is wrong with it.

3. Everyone can drive nowadays. There’s .

4. I think you’ve got me, or why you’re speaking like this.

5. When I was a pupil, we wore uniforms, didn’t make-up while going to school, read much. Nowadays it seems, !

6. Don’t believe people when they tell you that the weather’s fine in Russia in winter. It’s . It’s just different everyday!

7. There’s always someone looking for !

8. - I don’t know whether to buy Ford or Jeep. Which one do you recommend?

- Honestly, there’s between them. They’re both excellent cars.

GOOD/BETTER/BEST

BAD/WORSE/WORST

Exercise 46. Complete each of these idioms with good, bad, better, best, worse or worst.

1. As I learned Japanese it stood me in _____ stead when I visited there.

2. He has been in quiet a _____ way ever since he had flu in March.

3. I didn’t want to have a karaoke machine at our party, but against my _____ judgments, I agreed.

4. People who live here enjoy the _____ of both worlds: the peace of the countryside, and fast and frequent rail connections with the city.

5. The situation at the scene of the disaster seems to be going from ______ to ______.

Exercise 47. Put the words in correct order and make sentences.

1. else/to/better/Sona/has/one/go/everyone/always/than.

2. to/to/worse/going/be/bad/conditions/seem/from.

3. the/tried/to/best/we/was/make/bad/a job/weather/the/of/bad/ but.

4. it/I/I/the/of/her/better/nearly/thought/told/but/truth.

5. the/happens/whatever/for/best/happens.

IDIOMS WITH “TO+INFINITIVE”

Exercise 48. Put each of the following words in its correct place.

a) it all b) the truth c) the record straight d) insult to injury e) a long f) the least h) matters worse i) in a nutshell

1. to cut …

2. to say …

3. to make …

4. to put it …

5. to cap …

6. to set …

7. to add …

8. to tell you …

Exercise 49. A. Try to group the following idioms whether they’re used in the active or in the passive.

1. to put it mildly

2. to be honest

3. not to be sniffed at

4. to be fair

5. leaves a lot to be desired

6. to add insult to injury

7. a lot to be said for

8. nothing to speak of

9. remains to be seen

B. Comment on the meaning of each of them. Use any of these idioms in situations of your own.

BINOMIALS

Exercise 50. Join the following idiomatic expressions with “and”. Then check in a dictionary that you’ve the right word order and meaning.

|bright |dry |ups |up |

|round |outs |choose |high |

|pick |ins |about |downs |

|early |round | | |

Now use them to fill the gaps in these sentences.

1. I’ll meet you in the morning and .

2. If I were you I shouldn’t pay much attention to it. All have their and at work.

3. This meeting is getting us nowhere. We just keep going and in circles.

4. My brother is in bed with flu, but I think he’s over the worst. He’ll be and in no time.

5. I’m thinking of setting up my own business, but I need to speak to someone who knows the and of how to get started.

6. If you’re going to publish a book, and , you need to be sure you’ve got some financial advice.

7. I was left and , with no one to help me.

“OR” IDIOMS

Exercise 51. Match words from the left-hand box with words from the right-hand box to form idioms with “or”. Use a dictionary if necessary.

|give; take; it; like it; | |leave it; later; rightly; cry; not;|

|wrongly; sooner; laugh; |Or |swim; take; |

|believe it; sink; make | |not; break |

Now use these idioms in the sentences below.

1. , I have been to London twice.

2. I’ll pay for this blouse 20 manats. That’s my final offer. ______!

3. Our business has been going down-hill for a while now. The next few months are for us.

4. When I heard that the ticket to London cost $500, I didn’t know whether to .

5. It’ll take three months for your new passport to arrive a week.

6. I believe, , that private schools should be abolished.

7. If you go on being rude to people, , somebody will really get angry and hit you.

8. There’s no point to complaining about meeting. We have to take place whether we .

9. When I started my job, nobody told me how to do anything. I just had to learn everything by myself. It was a real situation.

SIMILES

Exercise 52. Look back at the expressions with similes and add the missing words:

1. as quick as a …

2. as red as a …

3. as flat as a …

4. as bold as …

5. as quiet as a …

6. as dry as a …

7. as hard as…

Exercise 53. Different similes contain the same word. Fill the gaps with the appropriate words.

1. Don’t worry. I think it is as easy as… off a log.

2. After eating that awful chicken I was as sick as a …

3. I knew she had deceived me. I felt as sick as a …

4. My grandmother’s hair is as white as …

5. Her face suddenly went as white as a …

“NO” IDIOMS

Exercise 54. Try guessing from the context what the underlined idioms mean.

1. I have had no end of problems with my new car.

2. When I was in Paris, I was told not to go near a certain area. They said it was a no-go area.

3. Whatever you do, don’t touch Sona’s things. It’s a real no-no. She gets very annoyed about it.

4. - I found the book you asked, didn’t I?

- No thanks to you! It’s not the same book.

5. - Hey, Nicy, I’m really sorry about what I said yesterday.

- No hard feelings!

IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS WITH PREPOSITIONS

Exercise 55. Add the missing prepositions.

1. His company has gone _____ strength _____ strength in the last six months. He’s making a lot of money now.

2. The flood ruined our old kitchen, but it was a blessing ____ disguise, because the insurance company paid for a completely new one.

3. This new model is not the be – all – and- end – all – digital cameras, but it certainly has many technical features that others do not have.

4. Your offer to drive us to the airport makes all the difference _____ our travel plans.

5. Your plan to persuade Lala to join the committee worked _____ magic.

Exercise 56. Write the idioms in this section opposite the meanings using the words in brackets:

|1. absolutely certain (bet) |……………………………… |

|2. as a guess (head) |……………………………… |

|3. find the truth (bottom) |……………………………… |

|4. looked everywhere (search) | |

| |……………………………… |

|5. exaggerated (top) |……………………………… |

|6. as emotionally low as possible (rock) | |

| |……………………………… |

|7. not much hair (thin) |……………………………… |

NUMBER IDIOMS

Exercise 57. Complete the following idioms with numbers.

1. Two’s company, a crowd!

2. I’m in minds about it.

3. It’s first come, served.

4. It was of one and half a dozen of the other.

5. It takes to tango.

6. I put and together.

7. Two heads are better than .

Exercise 58. Put each of the following idioms in its correct place in the sentences bellow.

a. to have second thoughts

b. in her seventh heaven

c. at the eleventh hour

d. knocked me for six

e. on cloud nine

f. third time lucky

1. Our financial problems were so great that we thought we’d have to sell our house, but my father-in-law lent us some money ------.

2. At first I liked him, but now I’m beginning .

3. My sister was when she actually met her favorite singer.

4. When I heard that they refused to take you, it completely . I wasn’t expecting it.

5. My brother was ____ when he heard that he’d won the competition.

6. I always repeat: “____!” when I fail to do something.

Exercise 59. Complete each of these idioms.

1. It runs like ____.

2. We set off at the crack ____.

3. We were working against ____.

4. I’ve had enough. Let’s call ____.

5. It happens this way nine ____.

Exercise 60. Complete these idioms with prepositions.

1. … scratch.

2. once … a lifetime.

3. once and … all

4. … time …time.

5. work … the clock.

6. nine times … … ten.

MIXED IDIOMS

Exercise 61. Can you think of a situation where you might …

1. be willing to pay through the nose for tickets?

2. have to take somebody under your wing?

3. have to drink in somebody’s words?

4. have to read somebody’s thoughts?

5. find it hard beat about the bush?

6. have to know which side your bread is buttered?

Exercise 62. Here are some idioms. Comment on the meaning of each of them. Use them in situations of your own.

1. Wash one’s dirty linen in public.

2. Be in the air.

3. Keep one’s nose above water.

4. Burn the candle at both ends.

5. Burn one’s bridges (behind one).

“VERY” IDIOMS

Exercise 63. Try guessing from the context what the underlined “very” idioms mean.

1. I’ve been working since morning and I feel wide awake. I’d better go to bed.

2. When my brother wanted to borrow my car, I asked him to be careful with it because it was brand new.

3. I don’t think these clothes are a bit wet. They’re bone dry.

4. My mother-in-law couldn’t eat the bread because it was rock hard.

5. You have to shout at my grandmother. She’s stone deaf.

6. The walls of our flat are paper thin. You can hear everything.

7. My mother was robbed in the street yesterday in broad daylight.

8. I watched an awful film last night. I should have just switched it off but I watched it until the bitter end to see what happened.

“WAY” IDIOMS

Exercise 64. A. Try to complete these “way” idioms.

1. either …

2. to … thinking

3. the other …

4. … way

5. that …

6. by …

7. come …

B. Now use them in your own sentences and try to give their equivalents in your own language.

Exercise 65. A. Try giving the equivalents of the following “way” idioms in your native language.

1. either way

2. the way of thinking

3. the other way round

4. on the way

5. that way

6. by the way

7. in a way

8. come a long way

B. Make up a story using any of these idioms.

“LIKE” IDIOMS

Exercise 66. What can you say about …

1. a person who sees everything and never misses a thing?

2. a plan or course of action that works very well?

3. someone who eats and drinks a great deal?

4. someone with a very bad memory?

5. someone who has been very active and busy all day?

“WORD” IDIOMS

Exercise 67. Look back at the “word” idioms and add the missing words:

1. I’ll take your word ____ it.

2. ____ word of mouth.

3. put ____ a good word for you.

4. get a word ____ edgeways.

5. ____ a word – no.

6. ____ the word go.

7. word ____ word.

8. a man ____ his word.

9. lost ____ words.

10. _____ other words.

“MONEY” IDIOMS

Exercise 68. Put the words in right order and make sentences.

1. is/a killing/his/job/new/in/Anar.

2. I/put/the/position/had/I/was/in/but/no choice/pick up/to/the tap.

3. spent/we/the/hotel/at/in/living/a/weekend/lap/the/of/luxury.

4. our/spent/neighbours/small/a/conservatory/fortune/on/new/ their.

5. we/to/had/pay/nose/the/through/get/to/tickets/match/the/for.

FOOD IDIOMS

Exercise 69. Choose one of the alternatives to complete each sentence.

1. Although it was too slow-moving for my taste, I sat through the film to the bitter/sour/sweet end.

2. Watching that cookery programme on TV has really watered/wetted/whetted my appetite for trying some new recipes.

3. Staying in a hotel room that Elvis Presley had once used was really the icing on the biscuit/cake/ sugar.

4. As Shalalah has such a sweet mouth/tongue/tooth it makes very difficult for her to lose weight.

5. The wonderful smells from the kitchen are really making my eyes/mouth/nose water.

Exercise 70. Comment on the meaning of each of the following idioms. Use them in situations of your own.

1. bread and butter

2. eat a horse

3. eat sb out house and home

4. egg on one’s face

5. bear fruit

DWELLING IDIOMS

Exercise 71. A. Rewrite the following text in idiomatic English.

My parents are good at receiving guests. They’re houseproud. I think, they make a great effort to make our house as interesting and attractive as possible. Everything is perfectly arranged in our house. My parents are wealthy. They have enough money to buy everything they want. They like to see our friends in our house. They welcome visitors at any time. Our friends say our place is as pleasant and comfortable as their own house. My parents say their home is the best place in the world for them.

B. Use any of the dwelling idioms to make up a story. A student starts it with “An Englishman’s home is his castle”.

SOME KEYS TO EXERCISES

Dear reader, as many of your answers will depend on your own particular interests and needs, some keys to exercises have been given undone.

Exercise 1:

1. to swing a cat, 2. monkey around, 3. a little bird told, 4. ants; pants, 5. gone to dogs, 6. a pig-sty.

Exercise 2:

1. to do sth quickly and without giving it your full attention, 2. to eat a lot, 3. nothing would prevent sb from doing sth or make them do sth they do not want to do, 4. to eat very little, 5. to watch sb very closely, 6. to take care of and help sb who has less experience of sth than you.

Exercise 3:

1. ram, 2. monkey, 3. badgered, 4. hounded, 5. ducked, 6. worm, 7. fox, 8. dogged

Exercise 4:

1. dog, 2. pussyfooting around, 3. hell’s, 4. catty, 5. away; the mice will play, 6. bag, 7. whiskers.

Exercise 5:

1. are talking behind my back, 2. a heart of gold, 3. puts a brave face, 4. pulls my leg, 5. finding my feet, 6. a good heard.

Exercise 6:

1. get on sb nerves, 2. dip your toe in the water, 3. foot the bill, 4. heart is not in sth.

Exercise 8:

1. head, 2. shoulder, 3. elbow, 4. thumb, 5. finger, 6. foot, 7. mouth, 8. shin, 9. head, 10. back.

Exercise 9:

1. to stop yourself from saying sth that might upset sb or cause an argument, although you want to speak, 2. to decide how to deal with a situation as it develops rather than by having a plan to follow, 3. to refuse sth, 4. to be waiting with interest to hear what sb has to say, 5. to try to become involved in sth that does not concern you, 6. food looks or smells so good that you want to eat it immediately.

Exercise 10:

1. talk through his hat, 2. go at the drop of a hat, 3. to keep under your hat, 4. old hat, 5. I take my hat off to him.

Exercise 12:

1. in black and white, 2. green fingers, 3. a black sheep, 4. once in a blue moon, 5. a white elephant, 6. out of the blue.

Exercise 13:

1. c, 2. d, 3. a, 4. b, 5. g, 6. e, 7. f.

Exercise 14:

1. red, 2. blue, 3. red, 4. blue, 5. red, 6. red, 7. blue, 8. blue.

Exercise 15:

Positive:

1. to be over the moon, 2. Feel like a million dollars, 3. Paint the town red, 4. Get away clean, 5. To keep somebody’s chin up, 6. kick up one’s heels.

Negative:

1. to feel/be a bit down, 2. to be in a black mood, 3. at the end of one’s rope, 4. face the music.

Exercise 16:

1. out of the blue, 2. sth up my sleeve, 3. light at the end of the tunnel, 4. pull the rug under my feet, 5. knock me down with the feather, 6. burning ambition, 7. on ice, 8. spill the beans, 9. sell him short, 10. leave me high and dry, 11. sell him down the river.

Exercise 18:

a. speak, b. make, c. keep, d. take, e. bide, f. sit, g. tread, h. take, i. keep, i. go.

Exercise 19:

1. c, 2. b, 3.d, 4. a.

Exercise 20:

1. for - to, 2. in - on, 3. sort - sorts, 4. finish - end, 5. done - made, 6. seven - nine, 7. miserable - misery, 8. sun - moon.

Exercise 21:

1. went off the deep end/did his nut, 2. give him an earful/give him a piece of her mind, 3. drive him up the wall/send him round the bend, 4. put his back up/rub him up the wrong way.

Exercise 22:

1. it was a blessing in disguise, 2. worked like magic/did the trick, 3. the be-all-end all, 4. has gone from strength to strength, 5. made all the difference.

Exercise 23:

1.c, 2.a, 3. e, 4. f, 5. d, 6. b.

Exercise 24:

1. leaf, 2. lines, 3. a load of tripe, 4. cover, 5. tail, 6. print, 7. while, 8. corner.

Exercise 26:

1. deaf, 2. bear, 3. pressure, 4. walking, 5. hammer, 6. stuff.

Exercise 27:

a. head, b. hand, c. what, d. clue, e. ropes, f. hang, g. end, h. knowledge.

Exercise 29:

1. mind, 2. memory, 3. mind, 4. memory, 5. mind, 6. mind, 7. mind, 8. memory, 9. mind, 10. memory.

Exercise 33:

1. taking, 2. background, 3. fill, 4. race, 5. shuttle, 6. round.

Exercise 36:

1. set, 2. have, 3. play, 4. get, 5. add, 6. fire, 7. go, 8. burn.

Exercise 41:

1. flies, 2. wink, 3. bee.

Exercise 43:

1. change, rest, 2. away, all, 3. no, home, 4. whale, time, 5. just, doctor, 6. time, lives.

Exercise 44:

Meaning similar:

in the same boat

the spitting image

on a par with

carbon copy

six of one and half a dozen of the other

Meaning different:

a far cry from

the odd one out

one of a kind

poles apart

a world of difference

Exercise 45:

1. a, 2. f, 3. e, 4. b, 5. h, 6. c, 7. d, 8. g.

Exercise 46:

1. good, 2. bad, 3. better, 4. best, 5. bad, worse.

Exercise 47:

1. Sona always has to go one better than everyone else.

2. Conditions seem to be going from bad to worse.

3. The weather was bad, but we tried to make the best of a bad job.

4. I nearly told her the truth, but I thought better of it.

5. Whatever happens, happens for the best.

Exercise 50:

bright and early

pick and choose

up and about

ups and downs

round and round

high and dry

ins and outs

Exercise 51:

give or take

take or leave it

like it or not

rightly or wrongly

sooner or later

believe it or not

sink or swim

laugh or cry

make or break

Exercise 52:

1. a flash, 2. a beet-root, 3. a pancake, 4. brass, 5. a mouse, 6. a bone, 7. rock.

Exercise 53:

1. falling, 2. dog, 3. parrot, 4. snow, 5. sheet.

Exercise 56:

1. I can bet you bottom dollar, 2. off the top of my head, 3. get to the bottom of this,

4. I’ve searched from top to bottom, 5. over the top, 6. hit the rock, 7. thin on top.

Exercise 57:

1. three, 2. two, 3. first, 4. six, 5. two, 6. two, two, 7. one.

Exercise 58:

1. c, 2. a, 3. b, 4. d, 5. e, 6. f.

Exercise 59:

1. clockwork, 2. of dawn, 3. the clock, 4. it a day, 5. times out of ten.

Exercise 60:

1. from, 2. in, 3. for, 4. from… to, 5. against, 6. out of.

Exercise 64:

1. way, 2. my way of, 3. way round, 4. on the, 5. way, 6. the way, 7. a long way.

Exercise 66:

1. like a hawk, 2. like clockwork, 3. like a horse, like a fish, 4. like a sieve, 5. like a bee.

Exercise 67:

1. for, 2. by, 3. in, 4. in, 5. in, 6. from, 7. for, 8. of, 9. for, 10. in.

Exercise 68:

1. Anar is making a killing in his new job.

2. I was put in the position where I had no choice but to pick up the tap.

3. We spent a weekend at the hotel living in the lap of luxury.

4. Our neighbors spent a small fortune on their new conservatory.

5. We had to pay through the nose to get tickets for the match.

Exercise 69:

1. bitter, 2. watered, 3. cake, 4. tooth, 5. mouth.

L I T E R A T U R E

Ə D Ə B İ Y Y A T

Azərbaycan dilində

1. Bayramov H.A. Azərbaycan dilinin frazeologiyasının əsasları. Bakı, 1978.

2. Cahangirov F.F. İngilis dilindən leksik çalışmalar toplusu. Bakı, Nurlan, 2003.

3. Hacıyev E.İ. Müasir İngilis və Azərbaycan dillərində köməkçi nitq hissələrinin funksional-semantik xüsusiyyətləri. Bakı, Mütarcim, 2006.

4. Hacıyeva Ə.H. İngilis və Azərbaycan dillərində somatik frazeologizmlərin struktur-semantik xüsusiyyətləri. Bakı, Nurlan, 2004.

5. Hacıyeva A.K. İngilis-Azərbaycan zoo-metaforizmlər lüğəti. Bakı, Nurlan, 2004.

6. Xanbutayeva L. İngilis dilində qrammatik omonimlik və onlara aid çalışmalar toplusu. Bakı, ADU-nun nəşriyyatı, 2007.

7. Qurbanov A. Müasir Azərbaycan dilinin frazeologiyası. Bakı, 1963.

8. Musayev O.İ. İngiliscə-Azərbaycanca lüğət. Bakı, “Qismət” Nəşriyyat-Poliqrafiya, 2003.

9. Musayev O.İ. Azərbaycanca-İngiliscə lüğət. Bakı, Azərbaycan Dövlət Nəşriyyatı, 1996.

10. Nəbiyeva N. Bir daha ingilis dilindəki а-prefiksli sözlər haqqında. Azərbaycan Təhsil Nazirliyi. BSU, Humanitar elmlərin məcmusu. Bakı, 2003.

11. Vahabova İ.Ə. Müasir Azərbaycan və ingilis dillərində idiomlar və onların bəzi üslubi imkanları. Humanitar Elmlərin öyrənilməsinin aktual problemləri. Bakı, 2000.

12. Vəliyeva N.Ç. Frazeoloji birləşmələrin müqayisəli linqvistik təhlili (Azərbaycan, İngilis və Rus dillərinin materialları əsasında). Bakı, Ünsiyyət, 2001.

İngilis dilində

13. Adam Makkai, M.T.Boatner, J.E.Gates. A Dictionary of American Idioms. Printed in the United States of America, 2004.

14. Anne Perry. Cain His Brother.

15. Arnold I., Smirnitsky A., Kunin A. A dictionary of phraseology. Moscow, 1995.

16. Charles Baxter. First Light.

17. Collins V.H. A book of English Idioms. London, L. 960.

18. Danielle Steel. Kaleidoscope.

19. Danielle Steel. Star.

20. Danielle Steel. The Ranch.

21. Danielle Steel. Wanderlast.

22. David Herbert Lawrence. The Rainbow.

23. Faye Kellerman. Grievous Sin.

24. Harry Collins. 101 American-English Idioms. USA, 1994.

25. Hornby A.S. Oxford Advanced Leaners Dictionary of Current English. Oxford University Press, 2005.

26. Jennifer Seidl, W.Mc.Mordie. English Idioms and how to use them. Moscow, 1968.

27. John Galsworthy. The Silver Spoon.

28. Jon Wright. Idioms Organizer. Printed in England by Commercial Colour Press. London E 7.

29. Maharramov L., Abdullayeva F. Many A Little Makes A Mickle. Bakı, Təhsil, 2002.

30. Marita Conlon-McKenna. Under the Hawthorn Tree.

31. Maugham W.S. Theatre.

32. Maugham W.S. The Moon and Sixpence.

33. Maugham W.S. The Painted Veil.

34. Maugham W.S. Services Rendered.

35. Micheal McCarthy, Felicity O’ Dell. English Vocabulary in Use. Cambridge University Press, Second Edition 2002.

36. Micheal McCarthy, Felicity O’ Dell. English Idioms in Use. Cambridge University Press, 2002.

37. Thomas B.J. Advanced Vocabulary and Idiom. England, 1995.

38. Yunusov D.N. A Guide to English Grammar. Bakı, Mütarcim, 2006.

39. Yunusov D.N. Constancy and Variety of Complex Syntactic Units in languages of different systems. Istanbul Ekizler Publishing House, 2007.

40. Danielle Steel. Remembrance.

41. John Le Carre. Single and Single.

Rus dilində

42. Винарева Л.А., Янсон В.В. Английские идиомы. Moсквa, 2005.

43. Кевиселевич Д.И. Русско-английский фразеологический словарь. Moсква, 2000.

44. Кунин А.В. Англо-русский фразеологический словарь. Moсква, 1967.

45. Seredina K.Q., Qwmlwnovic A.K., Krasnanskaya N.A. Idiom Speech. Leningrad, 1971.

|C O N T E N T S | |

|Ön söz |3 |

|............................................................................. | |

|İdiom nədir? Idiomları öyrənmək nə üçün lazımdır? |6 |

|Section 1. Animal idioms …………………………….. |11 |

|It is a zoo out there …………………………………… |11 |

|Cat idioms …………………………………………….. |19 |

|Bird idioms …………………………………………… |23 |

|Horse idioms …………………………………………... |27 |

|Fishing idioms ………………………………………… |31 |

|Section 2. Body idioms ……………………………….. |33 |

|The body has many uses ………………………………. |33 |

|Eye idioms …………………………………………….. |40 |

|Face idioms ……………………………………………. |44 |

|Fingers and thumbs idioms ……………………………. |47 |

|Foot idioms …………………………………………….. |49 |

|Hand idioms …………………………………………… |53 |

|Head idioms ……………………………………………. |56 |

|Heart idioms …………………………………………… |59 |

|Section 3. Clothes idioms …………………………….. |64 |

|Clothes make the man and the woman ………………… |64 |

|Section 4. Colour idioms ……………………………... |70 |

|Black/white …………………………………………….. |70 |

|Red/blue ……………………………………………….. |72 |

|Section 5. People’s feelings in particular situations ... |77 |

|When things go wrong ………………………………… |77 |

|When things go well ………………………………… |82 |

|People do the strangest things …………………………. |84 |

|Suprises ………………………………………………... |87 |

|You don’t say ………………………………………….. |90 |

|That is not nice ………………………………………… |95 |

|Do your best …………………………………………... |97 |

|Advice (positive) ………………………………………. |100 |

|Advice (negative) ……………………………………… |102 |

|Being positive ………………………………………….. |105 |

|Agreeing and disagreeing ……………………………… |107 |

|Annoyance and frustration …………………………….. |110 |

|People’s relationships ………………………………….. |113 |

|Success and failure idioms …………………………….. |115 |

|Happiness and sadness ………………………………… |118 |

|Anger …………………………………………………... |120 |

|Having problems ………………………………………. |121 |

|Section 6. Intelligence and knowledge ……………… |123 |

|Knowledge and ability ………………………………… |123 |

|Reading/Education ……………………………………. |128 |

|Section 7. Mind and memory idioms ………………... |131 |

|Section 8. Life and death idioms …………………….. |139 |

|Llife is gambling ………………………………………. |141 |

|Life is journney ………………………………………... |144 |

|Section 9. Nature and weather idioms …………….... |148 |

|Section 10. House and home idioms …………………. |152 |

|Section 11. Politics ……………………………………. |155 |

|Section 12. Law idioms ……………………………….. |160 |

|Section 13. Eating idioms …………………………….. |162 |

|Food idioms ……………………………………………. |164 |

|Meals …………………………………………………... |168 |

|Section 14. Fire idioms ……………………………….. |171 |

|Section 15. Medicine idioms …………………………. |175 |

|Health idioms ………………………………………….. |178 |

|Section 16. Daily programme ………………………... |181 |

|Section 17. Breaking idioms …………………………. |183 |

|Section 18. Holidays ………………………………….. |186 |

|Section 19. Sleep and dream idioms ………………… |189 |

|Section 20. Suitability ………………………………… |192 |

|Section 21. Similarities and differences …………….. |195 |

|Section 22. Organizations are gardens ……………… |198 |

|Section 23. Family idioms ……………………………. |200 |

|Family life ……………………………………………... |200 |

|Section 24. Grammatical idioms …………………….. |206 |

|“All” idioms …………………………………………… |206 |

|Binomials ……………………………………………… |209 |

|Idioms with degrees of adjectives ……………………... |213 |

|Idioms with “It” ………………………………………... |218 |

|Number idioms …………………………………….…... |219 |

|Idioms with “million” or “thousand (s) ………………... |224 |

|“No” idioms ……………………………………………. |225 |

|“Or” idioms ……………………………………………. |229 |

|Something/anything/nothing idioms …………………... |232 |

|To + Infinitive …………………………………………. |235 |

|The following infinitives are always passive ………….. |239 |

|Similies (as … as) ……………………………………... |240 |

|Idioms with the expression “There’s no …” …………... |244 |

|Idiomatic expressions with prepositions ………………. |245 |

|Section 25. Mixed idioms …………………………….. |250 |

|Swimming idioms …………………………………… |257 |

|Driving idioms …………………………………………. |259 |

|People are liquid ……………………………………….. |262 |

|Building idioms ………………………………………... |264 |

|Metal idioms …………………………………………… |266 |

|Money idioms ………………………………………….. |267 |

|“Shopping” idioms …………………………………….. |269 |

|“Very” idioms …………………………………………. |271 |

|“Like” idioms ………………………………………….. |273 |

|“Way” idioms ………………………………………….. |275 |

|“Word” idioms ………………………………………… |278 |

|“Time” idioms …………………………………………. |280 |

|Seeing is understanding ………………………………... |282 |

|Exercises ………………………………………………. |284 |

|Some keys to exercises ………………………………... |328 |

|Literature ……………………………………………... |336 |

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