STDs (STIs), HIV, and AIDS



STDs (STIs), HIV, and AIDS

9th Grade Course Outline

• Definitions

• Sexually transmitted disease (or infection) – a communicable disease that can spread from person to person through sexual contact.

• Pathogens – microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, worms, and parasites that cause disease.

• Ectopic pregnancy – a pregnancy that develops in one of the fallopian tubes or elsewhere outside the uterus; a dangerous condition.

• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) – an infection of the fallopian tubes and pelvic cavity in women, causing ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage.

• Discuss symptoms, treatments, and complications of common STDs

• (See attached sheet)

• Describe common symptoms of STDs

• These symptoms mean that medical help is needed immediately:

• Unusual discharge from penis, vagina, or rectum.

• Pain or burning while urinating.

• Pain in the abdomen (women), testicles (men), or buttocks and legs.

• Blisters, open sores, warts, rashes, or swelling in the genital area or sex organs.

• Flu-like symptoms: fever, headache, diarrhea, aching muscles, swollen glands.

• Getting help and treatment

• Where to get help:

• Parents

• School health services

• Public health departments

• Community STD clinics

• Private physicians

• Confidentiality

• Most places keep information, such as names, confidential. Treatment may be free of charge.

• Notification

• Anyone diagnosed with an STD must notify sexual partners. Otherwise, the partners may continue to spread the disease, or become ill.

• Ways to notify a partner:

• Tell them in person

• Call them on the telephone

• Write a letter

• Have a caseworker notify them

• Discuss ways to eliminate or reduce the risk of contracting STDs,/STIs, HIV and AIDS

• Ways to eliminate the risk:

• Practice sexual abstinence

• Have a mutually monogamous sexual relationship with an uninfected partner

• Ways to reduce the risk:

• Avoid contact with partner’s body fluids.

• Use latex condoms with spermicides throughout every sexual act to keep body fluids from being exchanged.

• Refuse alcohol or other drugs.

• Wash the genitals and urinate after sex.

• Have regular STD check-ups to make sure any disease is caught early and doesn’t spread to others.

• Avoid high-risk behaviors, and avoid relations with others who engage in high-risk behaviors.

• Describe how HIV is and is not transmitted

• How HIV is transmitted:

• Oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse with an infected person

• Coming in contact with an infected person’s blood, semen, or vaginal secretions

• Sharing infected needles

• Ear piercing with an infected needle

• Tattooing with an infected needle

• Acupuncture with an infected needle

• Removal of hair by electrolysis with an infected needle

• Infected blood transfusions

• Infected organ transplants

• Pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding by an infected mother (virus passed to infant)

• How HIV is NOT transmitted:

• Casual contact

• Mosquitoes

• Eating food

• Blood donation

• Vaccines using sterilized needles

• Contact with unbroken, healthy skin

• Touching shared objects, including towels

• Wearing clothes of an HIV infected person

• Using a toilet previously used by an HIV infected person

• Hugging an HIV infected person

• Swimming with an HIV infected person

• Describe the normal immune system

• A pathogen (virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, etc.) invades the bloodstream

• White blood cells survey the situation and notify

• T-cells which notify

• B-cells which produce antibodies (proteins) to fight the specific invader

• Once the invader has been stopped, the antibodies remain in the bloodstream ready to fight that specific invader should it enter the bloodstream again. This is known as immunity.

• Describe the AIDS-infected immune system

• A pathogen (virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, etc.) invades the bloodstream

• White blood cells survey the situation and attempt to notify

• T-cells. The HIV invades the T-cells and replicates turning the T-cells into HIV-producing factories.

• The T-cells cannot function

• The B-cells attempt to produce antibodies, but the antibodies are ineffective

• The immune system is destroyed allowing an opportunistic disease such as, Kaposi’s sarcoma, or pneumocystis carinii pneumonia to cause the eventual death of the infected person.

• Discuss how HIV infection can be prevented

• Knowledge – learn about the disease and apply that knowledge

• Abstain from oral, anal, and vaginal intercourse

• If you choose to have sexual intercourse:

• Both you and your partner should be tested

• Have safer sex to reduce the risk of exchanging blood, semen, or vaginal secretions with your partner

• Use a latex condom the entire time you have vaginal or anal intercourse

• Do not use illegal IV drugs

• Do not share needles or syringes

• Do not share items that may have blood on them such as razors, toothbrushes, needles for tattooing, and blades for ritual cutting and scarring

• Do not make sexual decisions under the influence of alcohol or other drugs

• Be tested for STDs every year. Women and men with open sores from herpes, syphillis, or chancroid are more susceptible to HIV.

STDs (STIs), HIV, and AIDS

11th Grade Course Outline

• Definitions

• Sexually transmitted disease (or infection) – a communicable disease that can spread from person to person through sexual contact.

• Pathogens – microbes such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, worms, and parasites that cause disease.

• Ectopic pregnancy – a pregnancy that develops in one of the fallopian tubes or elsewhere outside the uterus; a dangerous condition.

• Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) – an infection of the fallopian tubes and pelvic cavity in women, causing ectopic pregnancy and miscarriage.

• Discuss symptoms, treatments, and complications of common STDs

• (See attached sheet)

• Describe common symptoms of STDs

• These symptoms mean that medical help is needed immediately:

• Unusual discharge from penis, vagina, or rectum.

• Pain or burning while urinating.

• Pain in the abdomen (women), testicles (men), or buttocks and legs.

• Blisters, open sores, warts, rashes, or swelling in the genital area or sex organs.

• Flu-like symptoms: fever, headache, diarrhea, aching muscles, swollen glands.

• Getting help and treatment

• Where to get help:

• Parents

• School health services

• Public health departments

• Community STD clinics

• Private physicians

• Confidentiality

• Most places keep information, such as names, confidential. Treatment may be free of charge.

• Notification

• Anyone diagnosed with an STD must notify sexual partners. Otherwise, the partners may continue to spread the disease, or become ill.

• Ways to notify a partner:

• Tell them in person

• Call them on the telephone

• Write a letter

• Have a caseworker notify them

• Discuss ways to eliminate or reduce the risk of contracting STDs,/STIs, HIV and AIDS

• Ways to eliminate the risk:

• Practice sexual abstinence

• Have a mutually monogamous sexual relationship with an uninfected partner

• Ways to reduce the risk:

• Avoid contact with partner’s body fluids.

• Use latex condoms with spermicides throughout every sexual act to keep body fluids from being exchanged.

• Refuse alcohol or other drugs.

• Wash the genitals and urinate after sex.

• Have regular STD check-ups to make sure any disease is caught early and doesn’t spread to others.

• Avoid high-risk behaviors, and avoid relations with others who engage in high-risk behaviors.

• Describe how HIV is and is not transmitted

• How HIV is transmitted:

• Oral, anal, or vaginal intercourse with an infected person

• Coming in contact with an infected person’s blood, semen, or vaginal secretions

• Sharing infected needles

• Ear piercing with an infected needle

• Tattooing with an infected needle

• Acupuncture with an infected needle

• Removal of hair by electrolysis with an infected needle

• Infected blood transfusions

• Infected organ transplants

• Pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding by an infected mother (virus passed to infant)

• How HIV is NOT transmitted:

• Casual contact

• Mosquitoes

• Eating food

• Blood donation

• Vaccines using sterilized needles

• Contact with unbroken, healthy skin

• Touching shared objects, including towels

• Wearing clothes of an HIV infected person

• Using a toilet previously used by an HIV infected person

• Hugging an HIV infected person

• Swimming with an HIV infected person

• Describe the normal immune system

• A pathogen (virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, etc.) invades the bloodstream

• White blood cells survey the situation and notify

• T-cells which notify

• B-cells which produce antibodies (proteins) to fight the specific invader

• Once the invader has been stopped, the antibodies remain in the bloodstream ready to fight that specific invader should it enter the bloodstream again. This is known as immunity.

• Describe the AIDS-infected immune system

• A pathogen (virus, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, etc.) invades the bloodstream

• White blood cells survey the situation and attempt to notify

• T-cells. The HIV invades the T-cells and replicates turning the T-cells into HIV-producing factories.

• The T-cells cannot function

• The B-cells attempt to produce antibodies, but the antibodies are ineffective

• The immune system is destroyed allowing an opportunistic disease such as, Kaposi’s sarcoma, or pneumocystis carinii pneumonia to cause the eventual death of the infected person.

• Discuss how HIV infection can be prevented

• Knowledge – learn about the disease and apply that knowledge

• Abstain from oral, anal, and vaginal intercourse

• If you choose to have sexual intercourse:

• Both you and your partner should be tested

• Have safer sex to reduce the risk of exchanging blood, semen, or vaginal secretions with your partner

• Use a latex condom the entire time you have vaginal or anal intercourse

• Do not use illegal IV drugs

• Do not share needles or syringes

• Do not share items that may have blood on them such as razors, toothbrushes, needles for tattooing, and blades for ritual cutting and scarring

• Do not make sexual decisions under the influence of alcohol or other drugs

• Be tested for STDs every year. Women and men with open sores from herpes, syphillis, or chancroid are more susceptible to HIV.

• Discuss testing procedures

• HIV diagnostic tests

• ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) – one ELISA is given. If the person tests positive, two more tests are done. If, after three tests, two or three are positive, then the Western Blot test is done to confirm the results.

• Western Blot Test – a more expensive test, but very specific in identifying HIV antibodies.

• Test results

• Positive result – the person has HIV antibodies in his or her bloodstream.

• Negative result – there are no antibodies in the sample of blood. This does not mean that the person is uninfected because it may take the body from two weeks to six months or longer to develop HIV antibodies. It is best to be retested in six months.

Identify clinics and clinic availability

Lower Bucks Co. Health Dept.

410 Bath Road

Bristol , PA 19007

Phone : (215) 788-0491

Day/Hrs : Tue (1pm.3pm)

Bucks County Health Department

Neshaminy Manor Center Bldg.

Rt. 611 & Almshouse Road

Doylestown , PA 18901

Phone : (215) 345-3344

Day/Hrs : Mon (2:30pm.4:30pm)

Social Health Clinic

1400 Lombard Street

Philadelphia , PA 19146

Phone : (215) 875-6570 Ext. 5

Day/Hrs : Mon.Fri (8:30am.4pm)

Philadelphia Community Health Alternative (PCHA)

1216 Walnut Street

Philadelphia , PA 19107

Phone : (215) 735-1911

Day/Hrs : Mon.Fri (9am.5pm)

Henry J. Austin Health Center

321 Warren Street

Trenton , NJ 08618

Phone : (609) 989-3246

Day/Hrs : Mon.Fri (8:30am.10am & 1pm.2pm) (no afternoon clinic on Wed)

Hamilton Hospital

Emergency Room 1881

Whitehorse & Hamilton Square Road

Trenton , NJ 08690

Phone : (609) 890-3647

Day/Hrs : Tue & Thu (3:30pm.5:30pm)

• Discuss the social and legal implications of HIV infection

Questions for discussion:

• Should a person with HIV/AIDS (or another STD causing "serious bodily harm") be accused of assault if they do not disclose their status to a partner before engaging in sexual activity that involves a "significant" risk of transmission?

• If a person practiced safer sex, is it still necessary to tell their partner that he or she is HIV-positive?

Is an HIV-positive patient obliged to reveal their status to caregivers (doctors, dentists, etc.) in order to ensure that they use "universal" precautions, as they should always do?

Should an HIV-positive person avoid talking to their psychologist about their disease out of fear that the psychologist could report them or have to testify against them?

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download