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UNIT 2: “THE HISTORY OF EUROPE”

STUDY GUIDE ANSWERS

1. - spices

- natural resources

- furs

-gold, silver, precious stones

- expand Christianity

- expand knowledge

2. -Turkish Empire cut off land route

3. - plans, animals, people (slaves)

-Columbus (Europeans) and Native Americans

(Columbus was Eastern Hemisphere; Native Americans were in the Western

Hemisphere)

-for money

4. -represented the Portuguese Empire

- west coast of Africa

- caravel (ship), School for Mapmaking and Shipbuilding

- he created colonies in Africa (Brazil colony too)

5. - British Empire

6. - federal republic – power split between national and state governments

- head is Prime minister

7. - English

- British Empire set up colonies in Australia

8. - Nina, Piñata, and Santa Maria

- first trip in 1492

9. - Bartholomew Diaz

- represented the Portuguese Empire

- southern tip of Africa

10. - Indians

- Native Americans

-Asia

11. -money

-wanted slaves to work plantation in Americas

12. -British empire

- Canada, India, Australia, United States, Brazil

- Canada

13. -Revolutionary War, also called American Revolution

-1776

14. -Natural Resources (raw materials)

-use in factories to make goods

15. -love of your country

-my country is better than all others

16. -building up an army and threatening war

17. -Austria – Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Turkey and its colonies, Germany.

18. -British and Russian Empires, Italy, Japan, and United States.

19. -Franz Ferdinand

-assassinated

-Serbia

20. – Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia for killing the archduke of their

country.

-- Russia got involved because they had a treaty with Serbia (Allied Powers).

-- Germany got involved because they had a treaty with Austria-Hungary

(Central Powers).

-- France had a treaty with Russia so they became part of the Allied Powers.

-- Great Britain was an ally of France so they joined the Allied Powers too.

-- Japan was an ally of Great Britain so they also became part of the Central

Powers in WWI.

21. – Czar

-- Russia

-- got a navy together in Russia, took the port of Azov from the Ottoman Empire, moved the capital of Russia to St. Petersburg because that is much closer to the other European nations than Moscow (he wanted to make Russia more like the other countries in Europe), changed the Russian calendar to a Julian calendar, restructured the military, designed new shipping canals that increased trade with other countries.

22. –one person has all the power over the country

23. -- Nicholas II

-- The Russian people did not have enough food and soldiers did not have enough clothes or weapons. The czar (Nicholas II) ignored signs that people were unhappy, riots broke out, he and his family was captured and killed.

24. – 1917

25. – February Revolution

-- October Revolutions and Bolshevik Revolution

--the second, the October/Bolshevik Revolution

26. - government controls everything, there is not private property, wealth is distributed equally among the people regardless of the type of job done and the amount earned.

27. –Karl Marx

-1914

-1918

29. Germany

30. -took some of it away

-made Army and Navy smaller

-reparations: Germany had to pay other countries involved in WWI money to rebuild their countries.

31. United States

32. -stock market crash of 1929

-businesses could not afford to make goods and pay their workers, workers lost jobs, people had less money, people couldn’t spend money, stockholders couldn’t sell stocks fast enough, banks closed.

33. -1939

-1945

34. -President of Germany died, Hitler appointed himself ‘fuehrer’ (leader).

-Germans were unhappy because they didn’t have money and couldn’t get jobs

-Hitler promised to fix Germany’s economy (which was ruined by the Treaty of Versailles)

-Blamed Jews because they controlled the banks

35. United States, Great Britain, France, Soviet Union, China

36. Germany, Italy, Japan

37. -Hitler killed Jews

-sent Jews to concentration camps

-over 6 million died

38. -killing of a race of people

39. National Socialist

40. Jews controlled banks

41. Genocide Convention

42. Give Jews a homeland

43. -Soviet Union and United States

44. -Iron Curtain

-Eastern Bloc ----“Communist sections”

-Western Bloc ---- “free sections”

45. NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

46. -Built by Communist

-separate the communist side and the free side of Germany and to keep the Germans from the east side from fleeing to the west.

47. -neither side actually fought, they threatened war

48. -large land area, large army, KGB (worldwide spy network)

-nuclear weapons,

-space technology

49. CIA – Central Intelligence Agency, nuclear weapons, large army.

50. Tearing down of Berlin Wall

51. Mikhail Gorbachev

52. -countries like Germany, Italy, France, Great Britain combined together into one economic market

-people in any of these countries could work in any country in the EU, able to travel in EU countries, common passports, and common currency

53. -common currency for European Union countries

-unified the EU countries

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