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Environmental ScienceSection ITime- 30minutes1. Which of the following Biomes is maintained through occasional fires?a. Tundrab. Tropical Forestc. Grasslandd. Mountain Rangese. Taiga2. Which of the following non-point pollution types is most likely to cause cultural eutrophication in lake ecosystems?a. Oil from parking lotsb. Fertilizer from agricultural fields +c. Heavy metals from mining practiced. Sediments from erosion of agricultural fieldse. Pesticides from agricultural field3. Photosynthetic organisms such as phytoplankton would be most abundant in which oceanic zone?a. Bathylb. Benthosc. Littorald. Limnetice. Euphotic +4. All of the following are associated with El Nino even EXCEPTdecreased upwelling eventssuppressed thermocline in the Pacific Oceanincreased Atlantic coast hurricanes +torrential rain and flooding in Perudrought in Indonesia5. Which country would have the largest percentage of boreal forests?a. Russia +b. United Statesc. Australiad. Brazile. Nepal6. The land area that delivers recharge to smaller tributary streams that flow into larger rivers is known as a. watershed +b. source zonec. flood plaind. deltae. estuary7. Oceanic currents act as a conveyor belt system creating a connected loop of deep and shallow ocean currents that transfers warm and cold water between the tropics and the poles. The strongest influence on this system of ocean currents is due to a. upwelling events that bring cold nutrient- rich water from the bottom to the topb. the rotation of the earth on its axisc. differences in water density due to temperature and salinity concentrations +d. atmospheric convection causing large inputs of freshwater into the ocean by precipitatione. location of continents that help determine direction and flow of ocean currents8. The most biologically diverse areas of the ocean include coral reefs and estuaries. All of the following characteristics are reasons why these ecosystems can support such a high level of diversity EXCEPT:a. They are areas of high primary productivityb. Both ecosystems have abundant nutrient flow that supports phytoplankton populations.c. Coral reefs and estuaries receive an abundant amount of sunlightd. Both ecosystems provide plenty of habitat space for organismse. These ecosystems do not have commercially important species; therefore human impact on biodiversity is limited +9. Deep lakes that characterized by steep banks and have a relatively small supply of plant nutrients are known asa. autotropicb. euphoticc. mesotrophicd. oligotrophic +e. eutrophic10. Marine biologists have found that increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are lowering ocean pH, a condition known as ocean acidification. This also causes a decrease in the concentration of calcium carbonate ions. If this rise were to continue it would have a devastating impact on coral ecosystems becausea. it would cause a decline in the endosymbiotic algae the coral depend onb. it would decrease the ability of the corals to form their exoskeleton +c. it would increase the amount of dissolved oxygen beyond the tolerance of the corald. it would increase the turbidity of the water beyond the corals’ range of tolerancee. it would decrease the number of crustaceans that act as keystone species in the coral reef ecosystem11. The direction of the rotation of large cyclones-winds around the center of a cyclone rotate clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counterclockwise in the southern hemisphere-is due to the earth’s rotationtemperature differences in ocean currentsCoriolis Effect +Tropical vortex effectUneven heating of the earth by the sun12. This ecosystem is characterized by long, hot summers and moderate, moist winters. It supports many small mammals, and most vegetation germinates after a period exposed to fire. It is mostly found along coastal areas such as the Pacific coast of North America, south Texas and Mexico, and the coastal hills of Chile and the Mediterranean.TundraDesertGrasslandChapparal +Taiga forest13. The area that would receive the most precipitation would bea. Ab. Bc. C +d. De. E14. The rain shadow effect would be located at pointa. Ab. Bc. Cd. De. E +15. Of the freshwater on Earth that is not trapped in snow packs or glacier, most of it (95%) is trapped ina. Lakesb. riversc. aquifiers +d. damse. estuaries, marshes, and bogs16. The primary use of freshwater is fora. industryb. domestic usec. fishingd. agriculture +e. landscaping17. A mixture of freshwater and saltwater is known asa. brackish water +b. gray waterc. black waterd. connate watere. lentic water18. Which of the following conditions may indicate an El Nino ?a. sea surface warms, trade winds strengthenb. sea surface warms, trade winds weaken +c. sea surface cools, trade winds strengthen d. sea surface cools, trade winds weakene. None of the above19. What does La Nino bring to the southeastern United States?a. Warm winters +b. Extremely cold wintersc. Hot summersd. Cooler than normal summerse. none of the above20. Which of the following ocean currents flows without obstruction or barriers around Eartha. Gulf Streamb. California Currentc. Antartic Circumpolar Current +d. Aghulas Currente. They all flow unimpeded.For questions 21-23, choose from the followingTropical rain forestTemperate deciduous forestSavannaTaigaTundraForests of cold climates of high latitudes and high altitudes DWarm year –round; prolonged dry seasons; scattered trees CLow biodiversity due to lots of shade, which limits food for herbivores, Major resource for timber BWhether a land area supports a deciduous forest or grassland depends primarily on Changes in temperatureLatitude north or south of the equatorConsistency of rainfall from year to year and the effect that it has on fires +Changes in length of the growing seasonNone of the aboveENSO takes place at intervals of 2 to 7 years and lasts approximately 6 months1 to 2 years +3 years2 to 5 years7 yearsBonus Questions: Answer at the top of FRQ questionsThe Coriolis effect is a result of the Earth’sGravitationTemperatureRotation +Plant lifeCurvatureWhat is the difference between an El Nino event a La Nina event?La Nina involves cool Pacific Ocean surface temperature, while El Nino involves warmer ocean surface temperatures +El Nino is a milder version of La NinaLa Nina events occur in the Pacific Ocean, and El Nino events occur in the Atlantic OceanLa Nina events occur in the Atlantic Ocean and El nino events decrease temperaturesLa Nina events increase temperatures worldwide, and El Nino events decrease temperatures.Trade winds in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres deflect towardThe equator +The polesContinental land massesThe temperate zonesHigher latitudes If a population doubles in about 70 years, it is showing a _____% growth rate.1 *535140200 As demographers define it, industrial population growth includeshigh birthrates and high death rateshigh birthrates and low death rateslow birthrates and high death rateslow birthrates and low death rates *birthrates and death rates that increase and decrease unpredictablyThe number of children an average woman would have, assuming that she lives her full reproductive lifetime, is known as thebirth ratecrude birth rateTFR *RLFZero population growth rateThe atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide increased from 278 ppm in 1790 to 383 ppm in 2007. What is the approximate percent increase in carbon dioxide concentration from 1790 to 2007?38% * 201050%92%105%138%What group developed guidelines to help countries create atmospheric inventories across international borders?EPAIPCC *NASACDCUSDAConsider the following scenario: The temperature of your skin increases, which leads to an increase in perspiration. Perspiration evaporates from the surface of your skin. The temperature of your skin decreases. This is an example ofa positive feedback loop a negative feedback loop *syngerya closed sysyteman open systemSoutheastern Asian flying foxes are responsible for pollinating most durian tree flowers and spreading durian seeds. Durian fruit and durian trees support a vast array of other species, such that a decline in the flying fox population could have disastrous effects for the local ecology. As a result, flying foxes can probably be consideredan indicator speciesan invasive speciesa keystone species >a parasitic species(E) a pioneer speciesEnvironmental ScienceSection IITime- 15 minutes ................
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