Handout - Bio 210 Cellular Respiration - California State University ...
Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
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Cellular respiration and fermentation are catabolic pathways involved in the breaking down of complex molecules to produce energy. The term cellular respiration is considered an "umbrella" term that encompasses both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Cellular (aerobic) respiration:
Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor for step 4.
Steps:
1. Glycolysis
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate
ATP is produced
NAD+ is converted into NADH
2. Pyruvate Oxidation
Pyruvate is oxidized into acetyl CoA
CO2 is released
NADH is produced
3. Citric Acid (or Krebs) Cycle
Acetyl CoA is oxidized
ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are produced
CO2 is released
4. Oxidative Phosphorylation
Electron transport chain accepts electrons from
NADH and FADH2
NADH becomes NAD+
FADH2 becomes FAD
ATP and H2O are produced
Step 1:
Step 2:
BIO 210 Handout
Step 3: Step 4:
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Cellular (anaerobic) respiration: Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen. Oxygen is not the final electron acceptor in step 4, depending on the microorganism it will be a different compound (e.g. nitrate ions, sulfate ions, etc.).
1. Glycolysis 2. Pyruvate Oxidation 3. Citric Acid (or Krebs) Cycle 4. Non-Oxidative Phosphorylation
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate ATP is produced NAD+ is converted into NADH Pyruvate is oxidized into acetyl CoA CO2 is released NADH is produced Acetyl CoA is oxidized ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are produced CO2 is released Electron transport chain accepts electrons from NADH and FADH2 NADH becomes NAD+ FADH2 becomes FAD ATP and H2O are produced
BIO 210 Handout
Step 1: Step 2: Step 3:
Step 4:
STEM Success Center
BIO 210 Handout
STEM Success Center
Fermentation: There are two different types of fermentation: alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Steps for alcohol fermentation: 1. Glycolysis
2. NAD+ Regeneration (Part 1) 3. NAD+ Regeneration (Part 2)
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate ATP is produced NAD+ is converted into NADH Pyruvate is converted into acetaldehyde CO2 is released Acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol (by NADH) NADH becomes NAD+ (= NAD+ regeneration)
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
BIO 210 Handout
Steps for lactic acid fermentation: 1. Glycolysis
2. NAD+ regeneration Step 1:
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Glucose is broken down into pyruvate ATP is produced NAD+ is converted into NADH Pyruvate is converted into lactate (by NADH)
Step 2:
BIO 210 Handout
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